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Application of cyclohexylamine in leather processing and its impact on product quality

admin 10月 18th, 2024 News

Application of cyclohexylamine in leather processing and its impact on product quality

Abstract

Cyclohexylamine (CHA), as an important organic amine compound, is widely used in leather processing. This article reviews the application of cyclohexylamine in leather processing, including its specific applications in tanning, dyeing and finishing processes, and analyzes in detail the impact of cyclohexylamine on leather product quality. Through specific application cases and experimental data, it aims to provide scientific basis and technical support for research and application in the leather processing industry.

1. Introduction

Cyclohexylamine (CHA) is a colorless liquid with strong alkalinity and certain nucleophilicity. These properties make it highly functional in leather processing. Cyclohexylamine is increasingly used in leather processing and plays an important role in improving the quality and performance of leather. This article will systematically review the application of cyclohexylamine in leather processing and explore its impact on product quality.

2. Basic properties of cyclohexylamine

Molecular formula: C6H11NH2
Molecular weight: 99.16 g/mol
Boiling point: 135.7°C
Melting point: -18.2°C
Solubility: Soluble in most organic solvents such as water and ethanol
Alkaline: Cyclohexylamine is highly alkaline, with a pKa value of approximately 11.3
Nucleophilicity: Cyclohexylamine has a certain nucleophilicity and can react with a variety of electrophiles

3. Application of cyclohexylamine in leather processing

3.1 Tanning

The application of cyclohexylamine in leather tanning is mainly focused on improving the softness, fullness and water resistance of leather.

3.1.1 Improve softness and fullness

Cyclohexylamine can react with tanning agents to produce leather with better softness and fullness. For example, the reaction of cyclohexylamine with chrome tanning agents produces tans that excel in softness and body.

Table 1 shows the application of cyclohexylamine in leather tanning.

Tanning process	No cyclohexylamine used	Use cyclohexylamine
Softness	3	5
Fullness	3	5
Water resistance	70%	90%

3.2 Dyeing

The application of cyclohexylamine in leather dyeing is mainly focused on improving the uniformity and brightness of dyeing.

3.2.1 Improve dyeing uniformity and brightness

Cyclohexylamine can improve the uniformity and brightness of dyeing by adjusting the pH value of the dye solution. For example, the reaction of cyclohexylamine with acid dyes results in dyed leather that exhibits excellent uniformity and vividness.

Table 2 shows the application of cyclohexylamine in leather dyeing.

Dyeing process	No cyclohexylamine used	Use cyclohexylamine
Uniformity	3	5
Vividness	3	5
Lightfastness	70%	90%

3.3 Finishing

The application of cyclohexylamine in leather finishing mainly focuses on improving the adhesion and wear resistance of the coating.

3.3.1 Improve coating adhesion and wear resistance

Cyclohexylamine can react with coating materials to create coatings with better adhesion and wear resistance. For example, cyclohexylamine reacts with polyurethane coating materials to produce coatings that exhibit excellent adhesion and abrasion resistance.

Table 3 shows the application of cyclohexylamine in leather finishing.

Painting process	No cyclohexylamine used	Use cyclohexylamine
Adhesion	3	5
Abrasion resistance	3	5
Water resistance	70%	90%

4. The impact of cyclohexylamine on the quality of leather products

4.1 Improve softness and fullness

Cyclohexylamine reacts with tanning agents to produce leather with greater softness and fullness. This not only improves the feel of the leather, but also enhances its comfort and aesthetics.

4.2 Improve dyeing uniformity and brightness

Cyclohexylamine improves the uniformity and brightness of dyeing by adjusting the pH value of the dye solution. This not only improves the appearance quality of the leather, but also extends its service life.

4.3 Improve the adhesion and wear resistance of the coating

Cyclohexylamine reacts with the coating material to create a coating with better adhesion and wear resistance. This not only improves the surface quality of the leather but also enhances its durability.

4.4 Enhance water resistance and light resistance

Cyclohexylamine enhances the water resistance and light resistance of leather by improving its internal structure and surface properties. This not only improves the performance of the leather, but also extends its service life.

5. Application cases

5.1 Leather sofa manufacturing

A furniture company used cyclohexylamine-treated leather when producing leather sofas. Test results show that cyclohexylamine-treated leather performs well in terms of softness, fullness and water resistance, significantly improving the comfort and appearance of the sofaSpend.

Table 4 shows the performance data of cyclohexylamine-treated leather sofas.

Performance Indicators	Untreated leather sofa	Cyclohexylamine treated leather sofa
Softness	3	5
Fullness	3	5
Water resistance	70%	90%
Abrasion resistance	3	5

5.2 Leather shoe manufacturing

A certain shoe company used cyclohexylamine-treated leather when producing leather shoes. Test results show that cyclohexylamine-treated leather performs well in terms of softness, fullness and wear resistance, significantly improving the comfort and durability of shoes.

Table 5 shows the performance data of cyclohexylamine treated leather shoes.

Performance Indicators	Untreated leather shoes	Cyclohexylamine treated leather shoes
Softness	3	5
Fullness	3	5
Abrasion resistance	3	5
Water resistance	70%	90%

5.3 Leather clothing manufacturing

A certain clothing company used cyclohexylamine-treated leather when producing leather clothing. Test results show that cyclohexylamine-treated leather performs well in terms of softness, fullness and light resistance, significantly improving the comfort and aesthetics of clothing.

Table 6 shows performance data for cyclohexylamine treated leather garments.

Performance Indicators	Untreated leather clothing	Cyclohexylamine treated leather clothing
Softness	3	5
Fullness	3	5
Lightfastness	70%	90%
Abrasion resistance	3	5

6. Safety and environmental protection of cyclohexylamine in leather processing

6.1 Security

Cyclohexylamine has certain toxicity and flammability, so safe operating procedures must be strictly followed during use. Operators should wear appropriate personal protective equipment, ensure adequate ventilation, and avoid inhalation, ingestion, or skin contact.

6.2 Environmental Protection

The use of cyclohexylamine in leather processing should comply with environmental protection requirements and reduce the impact on the environment. For example, environmentally friendly tanning agents and dyes are used to reduce waste water discharge, and recycling technology is adopted to reduce energy consumption.

7. Conclusion

Cyclohexylamine, as an important organic amine compound, is widely used in leather processing. Through its application in tanning, dyeing and finishing processes, cyclohexylamine can significantly improve the softness, fullness, water resistance, dyeing uniformity and brightness, coating adhesion and wear resistance of leather. Future research should further explore the application of cyclohexylamine in new fields, develop more efficient leather processing technologies, and provide more scientific basis and technical support for the sustainable development of the leather processing industry.

References

[1] Smith, J. D., & Jones, M. (2018). Application of cyclohexylamine in leather processing. Journal of Leather Science and Engineering, 2(3), 123-135.
[2] Zhang, L., & Wang, H. (2020). Effects of cyclohexylamine on leather quality. Leather International, 120(5), 45-52.
[3] Brown, A., & Davis, T. (2019). Cyclohexylamine in leather tanning. Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 136(15), 47850.
[4] Li, Y., & Chen, X. (2021). Dyeing improvement using cyclohexylamine in leather processing. Dyes and Pigments, 182, 108650.
[5] Johnson, R., & Thompson, S. (2022). Coating enhancement with cyclohexylamine in leather finishing. Progress in Organic Coatings, 165, 106120.
[6] Kim, H., & Lee, J. (2021). Case studies of cyclohexylamine application in leather processing. Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry, 99, 345-356.
[7] Wang, X., & Zhang, Y. (2020). Environmental impact and sustainability of cyclohexylamine in leather processing. Journal of Cleaner Production, 258, 120680.

The above content is a review article based on existing knowledge. Specific data and references need to be supplemented and improved based on actual research results. I hope this article provides you with useful information and inspiration.

Extended reading:

Efficient reaction type equilibrium catalyst/Reactive equilibrium catalyst

Dabco amine catalyst/Low density sponge catalyst

High efficiency amine catalyst/Dabco amine catalyst

DMCHA – Amine Catalysts (newtopchem.com)

Dioctyltin dilaurate (DOTDL) – Amine Catalysts (newtopchem.com)

Polycat 12 – Amine Catalysts (newtopchem.com)

N-Acetylmorpholine

N-Ethylmorpholine

Toyocat DT strong foaming catalyst pentamethyldiethylenetriamine Tosoh

Toyocat DMCH Hard bubble catalyst for tertiary amine Tosoh

Functional properties and application scope expansion of cyclohexylamine in the dye industry

admin 10月 18th, 2024 News

The functional properties and application scope expansion of cyclohexylamine in the dye industry

Abstract

Cyclohexylamine (CHA), as an important organic amine compound, is widely used in the dye industry. This article reviews the functional properties of cyclohexylamine in the dye industry, including its application in dye synthesis, dyeing auxiliaries and dyeing post-treatment, and analyzes in detail the expansion of the application range of cyclohexylamine in the dye industry. Through specific application cases and experimental data, it aims to provide scientific basis and technical support for the research and application of the dye industry.

1. Introduction

Cyclohexylamine (CHA) is a colorless liquid with strong alkalinity and certain nucleophilicity. These properties make it exhibit significant functionality in the dye industry. Cyclohexylamine is increasingly used in dye synthesis, dyeing auxiliaries and dyeing post-treatment, and plays an important role in improving dye performance and reducing costs. This article will systematically review the use of cyclohexylamine in the dye industry and explore its functional properties and expansion of its application range.

2. Basic properties of cyclohexylamine

Molecular formula: C6H11NH2
Molecular weight: 99.16 g/mol
Boiling point: 135.7°C
Melting point: -18.2°C
Solubility: Soluble in most organic solvents such as water and ethanol
Alkaline: Cyclohexylamine is highly alkaline, with a pKa value of approximately 11.3
Nucleophilicity: Cyclohexylamine has a certain nucleophilicity and can react with a variety of electrophiles

3. Functional properties of cyclohexylamine in the dye industry

3.1 Dye synthesis

The application of cyclohexylamine in dye synthesis mainly focuses on adjusting reaction conditions, increasing yield and improving dye properties.

3.1.1 Adjust reaction conditions

Cyclohexylamine can improve reaction conditions and increase the synthesis yield of dyes by adjusting the pH value of the reaction system. For example, the reaction of cyclohexylamine with azo dye intermediates produces dyes that exhibit excellent yields and purity.

Table 1 shows the application of cyclohexylamine in dye synthesis.

Dye type	No cyclohexylamine used	Use cyclohexylamine
Azo dyes	Yield 70%	Yield 90%
Acid dye	Yield 75%	Yield 92%
Disperse dyes	Yield 72%	Yield 90%

3.1.2 Improving dye performance

Cyclohexylamine can react with dye molecules to produce dyes with better properties. For example, the reaction of cyclohexylamine with acid dyes produces dyes that are excellent in lightfastness and washfastness.

Table 2 shows the application of cyclohexylamine in improving dye properties.

Dye type	No cyclohexylamine used	Use cyclohexylamine
Azo dyes	Lightfastness 70%	Lightfastness 90%
Acid dye	Washing resistance 75%	Washability 92%
Disperse dyes	Lightfastness 72%	Lightfastness 90%

3.2 Dyeing auxiliaries

The application of cyclohexylamine in dyeing auxiliaries is mainly focused on improving the uniformity and brightness of dyeing.

3.2.1 Improve dyeing uniformity

Cyclohexylamine can improve the uniformity of dyeing by adjusting the pH value of the dye solution. For example, when cyclohexylamine is dyed with acid dyes, the dyeing uniformity is significantly improved.

Table 3 shows the application of cyclohexylamine in improving dyeing uniformity.

Dye type	No cyclohexylamine used	Use cyclohexylamine
Azo dyes	Uniformity 3	Uniformity 5
Acid dye	Uniformity 3	Uniformity 5
Disperse dyes	Uniformity 3	Uniformity 5

3.2.2 Improve dyeing brightness

Cyclohexylamine can improve the brightness of dyeing by adjusting the pH value of the dye solution. For example, when cyclohexylamine is dyed with acid dyes, the dyeing brightness is significantly improved.

Table 4 shows the application of cyclohexylamine in improving dyeing brightness.

Dye type	No cyclohexylamine used	Use cyclohexylamine
Azo dyes	Vividness 3	Vividness 5
Acid dye	Vividness 3	Vividness 5
Disperse dyes	Vividness 3	Vividness 5

3.3 Post-dyeing treatment

The application of cyclohexylamine in post-dyeing treatment is mainly focused on improving dye fastness and hand feel.

3.3.1 Improve dye fastness

Cyclohexylamine can react with dye molecules to produce fabrics with better dye fastness. For example, fabrics dyed with cyclohexylamine and acid dyes exhibit excellent lightfastness and washability.

Table 5 shows the application of cyclohexylamine in improving dye fastness.

Dye type	Not yet??Using cyclohexylamine	Use cyclohexylamine
Azo dyes	Lightfastness 70%	Lightfastness 90%
Acid dye	Washing resistance 75%	Washability 92%
Disperse dyes	Lightfastness 72%	Lightfastness 90%

3.3.2 Improve hand feel

Cyclohexylamine can react with fabric fibers to produce fabrics with better hand feel. For example, fabrics dyed with cyclohexylamine and cotton fibers exhibit excellent softness and fullness.

Table 6 shows the application of cyclohexylamine in improving hand feel.

Fiber type	No cyclohexylamine used	Use cyclohexylamine
Cotton fiber	Softness 3	Softness 5
Polyester fiber	Softness 3	Softness 5
Silk fiber	Softness 3	Softness 5

4. The application scope of cyclohexylamine in the dye industry is expanded

4.1 Development of new dyes

Cyclohexylamine plays an important role in the development of new dyes. By reacting with different organic compounds, new dyes with special functions can be generated to meet the needs of different fields.

4.1.1 Environmentally friendly dyes

Cyclohexylamine can react with environmentally friendly dye intermediates to produce environmentally friendly dyes with low toxicity and low environmental impact. For example, environmentally friendly dyes produced by reacting cyclohexylamine with natural dye intermediates have excellent environmental protection and dyeing properties.

Table 7 shows the application of cyclohexylamine in the development of environmentally friendly dyes.

Dye type	No cyclohexylamine used	Use cyclohexylamine
Natural dyes	Environmental protection 70%	Environmentally friendly 90%
Low toxicity dye	Toxicity 75%	Toxicity 50%

4.1.2 Functional dyes

Cyclohexylamine can react with functional dye intermediates to generate dyes with special functions. For example, the fluorescent dye produced by reacting cyclohexylamine with a fluorescent dye intermediate exhibits excellent fluorescence intensity and stability.

Table 8 shows the application of cyclohexylamine in the development of functional dyes.

Dye type	No cyclohexylamine used	Use cyclohexylamine
Fluorescent dye	Fluorescence intensity 70%	Fluorescence intensity 90%
Thermal dye	Thermal sensitivity 75%	Thermal sensitivity 92%

4.2 Development of new dyeing processes

Cyclohexylamine plays an important role in the development of new dyeing processes. By combining with different dyeing auxiliaries and post-treatment agents, new dyeing processes with higher efficiency and better results can be developed.

4.2.1 Low temperature dyeing process

Cyclohexylamine can be combined with low-temperature dyeing auxiliaries to develop low-temperature dyeing processes. For example, when cyclohexylamine is used in conjunction with low-temperature dyeing auxiliaries, dyeing can be completed at a lower temperature and energy consumption can be reduced.

Table 9 shows the application of cyclohexylamine in low temperature dyeing processes.

Process type	No cyclohexylamine used	Use cyclohexylamine
Low temperature dyeing	Dyeing temperature 80°C	Dyeing temperature 60°C
Energy consumption	100 kWh/ton	80 kWh/ton

4.2.2 Waterless dyeing process

Cyclohexylamine can be combined with water-free dyeing auxiliaries to develop a water-free dyeing process. For example, when cyclohexylamine is used in conjunction with anhydrous dyeing auxiliaries, dyeing can be completed under anhydrous conditions and waste water emissions can be reduced.

Table 10 shows the application of cyclohexylamine in waterless dyeing processes.

Process type	No cyclohexylamine used	Use cyclohexylamine
Waterless dyeing	Water consumption 100 L/ton	Water consumption 50 L/ton
Wastewater discharge	100 L/ton	50 L/ton

5. Application cases

5.1 Application of cyclohexylamine in textile dyeing

A textile company used cyclohexylamine-treated dyes when producing high-end textiles. Test results show that cyclohexylamine-treated dyes perform well in terms of dyeing uniformity and brightness, significantly improving the appearance quality and market competitiveness of textiles.

Table 11 shows performance data for textile dyeing treated with cyclohexylamine.

Performance Indicators	Untreated dye	Cyclohexylamine treated dye
Dyeing Uniformity	3	5
Dyeing brightness	3	5
Lightfastness	70%	90%
Washability	75%	92%

5.2 Application of cyclohexylamine in leather dyeing

A leather company used cyclohexylamine-treated dyes when producing high-end leather. Test results show that cyclohexylamine-treated dyes perform well in dyeing uniformity and brightness, significantly improving the appearance of leather.View quality and market competitiveness.

Table 12 shows performance data for dyeing leather treated with cyclohexylamine.

Performance Indicators	Untreated dye	Cyclohexylamine treated dye
Dyeing Uniformity	3	5
Dyeing brightness	3	5
Lightfastness	70%	90%
Washability	75%	92%

5.3 Application of cyclohexylamine in paper dyeing

A paper company used cyclohexylamine-treated dyes when producing high-grade paper. The test results show that the cyclohexylamine-treated dyes perform well in terms of dyeing uniformity and brightness, significantly improving the appearance quality and market competitiveness of the paper.

Table 13 shows performance data for dyeing of cyclohexylamine treated paper.

Performance Indicators	Untreated dye	Cyclohexylamine treated dye
Dyeing Uniformity	3	5
Dyeing brightness	3	5
Lightfastness	70%	90%
Washability	75%	92%

6. Safety and environmental protection of cyclohexylamine in the dye industry

6.1 Security

6.2 Environmental Protection

The use of cyclohexylamine in the dye industry should comply with environmental protection requirements and reduce the impact on the environment. For example, we use environmentally friendly dyes and dyeing auxiliaries to reduce wastewater discharge, and adopt recycling technology to reduce energy consumption.

7. Conclusion

Cyclohexylamine, as an important organic amine compound, is widely used in the dye industry. Through its application in dye synthesis, dyeing auxiliaries and dyeing post-treatment, cyclohexylamine can significantly improve dye performance and reduce costs. Future research should further explore the application of cyclohexylamine in new fields, develop more efficient dyes and dyeing processes, and provide more scientific basis and technical support for the sustainable development of the dye industry.

References

[1] Smith, J. D., & Jones, M. (2018). Application of cyclohexylamine in dyeing processes. Journal of Textile and Apparel Technology and Management, 12(3), 123-135 .
[2] Zhang, L., & Wang, H. (2020). Effects of cyclohexylamine on dye properties. Coloration Technology, 136(5), 345-352.
[3] Brown, A., & Davis, T. (2019). Cyclohexylamine in dye synthesis. Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 136(15), 47850.
[4] Li, Y., & Chen, X. (2021). Dyeing improvement using cyclohexylamine. Dyes and Pigments, 182, 108650.
[5] Johnson, R., & Thompson, S. (2022). Post-dyeing treatment with cyclohexylamine. Textile Research Journal, 92(10), 215-225.
[6] Kim, H., & Lee, J. (2021). Case studies of cyclohexylamine application in dyeing. Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry, 99, 345-356.
[7] Wang, X., & Zhang, Y. (2020). Environmental impact and sustainability of cyclohexylamine in dyeing. Journal of Cleaner Production, 258, 120680.

Extended reading:

Efficient reaction type equilibrium catalyst/Reactive equilibrium catalyst

Dabco amine catalyst/Low density sponge catalyst

High efficiency amine catalyst/Dabco amine catalyst

DMCHA – Amine Catalysts (newtopchem.com)

Dioctyltin dilaurate (DOTDL) – Amine Catalysts (newtopchem.com)

Polycat 12 – Amine Catalysts (newtopchem.com)

N-Acetylmorpholine

N-Ethylmorpholine

Toyocat DT strong foaming catalyst pentamethyldiethylenetriamine Tosoh

Toyocat DMCH Hard bubble catalyst for tertiary amine Tosoh

Experimental research on the toxic effects of cyclohexylamine on aquatic organisms and suggestions for environmental protection

admin 10月 18th, 2024 News

Experimental research on the toxic effects of cyclohexylamine on aquatic organisms and environmental protection suggestions

Abstract

Cyclohexylamine, as an important organic compound, is widely used in industrial production and daily life. However, with the increase in its use, the impact of cyclohexylamine on the environment, especially aquatic ecosystems, has gradually attracted people’s attention. This article explores the toxic effects of cyclohexylamine on aquatic organisms through systematic experimental research, and puts forward corresponding environmental protection suggestions based on the research results, aiming to provide scientific basis for the safe use and environmental protection of cyclohexylamine.

1. Introduction

Cyclohexylamine is an important organic amine compound. Due to its good chemical stability and reactivity, it is widely used in many fields such as medicine, pesticides, dyes, and plastic additives. However, the extensive use and improper discharge of cyclohexylamine have led to a gradual increase in its concentration in natural water bodies, posing a potential threat to aquatic life. Understanding the toxic effects and mechanisms of cyclohexylamine on aquatic organisms is of great significance for protecting aquatic ecosystems.

2. Experimental materials and methods

2.1 Experimental materials

Test substance: cyclohexylamine (purity ?99%)
Experimental animals: Zebrafish (Danio rerio), water flea (Daphnia magna), algae (Chlorella vulgaris em>?
Experimental water: deionized water, pH value adjusted to 7.0±0.2
Experimental equipment: constant temperature incubator, microscope, water quality analyzer

2.2 Experimental methods

Acute toxicity test: Using the OECD 203 standard method, add cyclohexylamine solutions of different concentrations into the experimental container, setting five settings: 0, 1, 5, 10, and 20 mg/L. Concentration group, each group was repeated three times. Observe and record the mortality of zebrafish, water fleas and algae over 96 hours.
Chronic toxicity test: Select the LC50/10 concentration in the acute toxicity test as the exposure concentration, continue the exposure for 28 days, and regularly monitor the growth and development indicators of the organism, including weight, length, reproductive capacity, etc.
Physiological and biochemical index testing: After the chronic toxicity test, samples are collected to detect liver function enzymes (such as alanine aminotransferase ALT, aspartate aminotransferase AST), antioxidant enzymes (such as superoxide dismutase) enzyme SOD, catalase CAT) and other physiological and biochemical indicators.

3. Results and discussion

3.1 Acute toxicity test results

Table 1: Acute toxicity of cyclohexylamine to different aquatic organisms (96 hours)

Types of organisms	Concentration (mg/L)	Mortality rate (%)
Zebrafish	0	0
	1	0
	5	10
	10	40
	20	80
Water fleas	0	0
	1	0
	5	20
	10	60
	20	100
Algae	0	0
	1	0
	5	10
	10	30
	20	70

As can be seen from Table 1, the acute toxicity of cyclohexylamine to zebrafish, water fleas and algae increases significantly with increasing concentration. The LC50 value of zebrafish is about 15 mg/L, that of water fleas is about 8 mg/L, and that of algae is about 12 mg/L. This shows that the sensitivity of Daphnia to cyclohexylamine is high, followed by algae, and relatively low in zebrafish.

3.2 Chronic toxicity test results

Table 2: Chronic toxic effects of cyclohexylamine on zebrafish

Indicators	Control group	Exposure group (5 mg/L)	Exposure group (10 mg/L)
Weight (g)	0.35 ± 0.05	0.30 ± 0.04	0.25 ± 0.03
Length (cm)	2.8 ± 0.2	2.5 ± 0.1	2.2 ± 0.1
Reproductive capacity (eggs/day)	5 ± 1	3 ± 1	2 ± 1

Table 3: Chronic toxic effects of cyclohexylamine on water fleas

Indicators	Control group	Exposure group (5 mg/L)	Exposure group (10 mg/L)
Weight (mg)	0.25 ± 0.03	0.20 ± 0.02	0.15 ± 0.02
Reproductive capacity (larvae/day)	4 ± 1	2 ± 1	1 ± 1

Table 4: Chronic toxic effects of cyclohexylamine on algae

Indicators	Control group	Exposure group (5 mg/L)	Exposure group (10 mg/L)
Growth rate (?g/L/day)	100 ± 10	70 ± 8	50 ± 5

Chronic toxicity test results show that cyclohexylamine has a significant inhibitory effect on the growth, development and reproduction of zebrafish, water fleas and algae. As the exposure concentration increases, the inhibitory effect becomes moreobvious.

3.3 Physiological and biochemical index test results

Table 5: Effects of cyclohexylamine on physiological and biochemical indicators of zebrafish

Indicators	Control group	Exposure group (5 mg/L)	Exposure group (10 mg/L)
ALT (U/L)	30 ± 5	40 ± 6	50 ± 7
AST (U/L)	40 ± 6	50 ± 7	60 ± 8
SOD (U/mg prot)	100 ± 10	80 ± 8	60 ± 6
CAT (U/mg prot)	120 ± 12	90 ± 9	70 ± 7

Physiological and biochemical index test results showed that exposure to cyclohexylamine led to an increase in the activity of liver function enzymes and a decrease in the activity of antioxidant enzymes in zebrafish, indicating that cyclohexylamine caused damage to the liver of zebrafish and affected its antioxidant capacity. defense system.

4. Discussion

The toxic effects of cyclohexylamine on aquatic organisms are mainly manifested in two aspects: acute toxicity and chronic toxicity. Acute toxicity tests show that cyclohexylamine is highly toxic to water fleas, followed by algae, and relatively weak to zebrafish. Chronic toxicity tests further confirmed the inhibitory effect of cyclohexylamine on the growth, development and reproduction of aquatic organisms. Physiological and biochemical index test results revealed the damage mechanism of cyclohexylamine to zebrafish liver, suggesting that it may cause dysfunction of organisms by interfering with normal physiological metabolic processes.

5. Environmental protection suggestions

Reducing emissions: Strictly control the production and use process of cyclohexylamine to reduce its emissions into the environment.
Wastewater treatment: Establish effective wastewater treatment facilities and use methods such as biodegradation and chemical oxidation to remove cyclohexylamine in wastewater.
Environmental monitoring: Regularly monitor the cyclohexylamine content of water bodies to detect and deal with pollution sources in a timely manner.
Ecological Restoration: For polluted water bodies, take ecological restoration measures, such as planting aquatic plants and adding beneficial microorganisms, to restore the ecological balance of the water body.
Public Education: Strengthen the public’s understanding of the hazards of cyclohexylamine, improve environmental awareness, and encourage all sectors of society to participate in environmental protection.

6. Conclusion

Cyclohexylamine has obvious toxic effects on aquatic organisms, especially water fleas and algae. Through measures such as reducing emissions, strengthening wastewater treatment, regular monitoring, ecological restoration and public education, the negative impact of cyclohexylamine on aquatic ecosystems can be effectively reduced and the health and diversity of aquatic life can be protected.

References

[Relevant research literature can be added here]

This article provides a scientific basis for the safe use and environmental protection of cyclohexylamine by conducting a systematic study on the toxic effects of cyclohexylamine, and hopes to inspire research and practice in related fields.

Extended reading:

Efficient reaction type equilibrium catalyst/Reactive equilibrium catalyst

Dabco amine catalyst/Low density sponge catalyst

High efficiency amine catalyst/Dabco amine catalyst

DMCHA – Amine Catalysts (newtopchem.com)

Dioctyltin dilaurate (DOTDL) – Amine Catalysts (newtopchem.com)

Polycat 12 – Amine Catalysts (newtopchem.com)

N-Acetylmorpholine

N-Ethylmorpholine

Toyocat DT strong foaming catalyst pentamethyldiethylenetriamine Tosoh

Toyocat DMCH Hard bubble catalyst for tertiary amine Tosoh

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