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High-efficiency catalytic mechanism of organotin catalyst T12 in polyurethane synthesis

2月 10th, 2025 News

High-efficient catalytic mechanism of organotin catalyst T12 in polyurethane synthesis

Introduction

Polyurethane (PU) is a polymer material widely used in coatings, adhesives, foam materials, elastomers and other fields. Its excellent mechanical properties, chemical resistance and processability make it widely used in industry and daily life. The synthesis of polyurethanes usually involves the reaction between isocyanate (Isocyanate, -NCO) and polyol (Polyol, -OH) to form a aminomethyl ester bond (-NH-CO-O-). This reaction process requires efficient catalysts to accelerate the reaction rate and control the selectivity of the reaction.

Organotin catalysts, especially Dibutyltin Dilaurate (DBTDL), referred to as T12, are one of the commonly used catalysts in polyurethane synthesis. T12 has high activity, good selectivity and stability, and can effectively promote the reaction between isocyanate and polyol at lower temperatures, thereby improving production efficiency and reducing energy consumption. This article will deeply explore the efficient catalytic mechanism of T12 in polyurethane synthesis, combine new research progress at home and abroad, analyze the microscopic mechanism of its catalytic action, and discuss its performance in different application fields.

1. Basic properties and product parameters of T12

T12 is a typical organotin compound with the chemical formula (C4H9)2Sn(OOC-C11H23)2. It is prepared by esterification reactions of dibutyltin (DBT) and lauric Acid (LA). As a liquid catalyst, T12 has the following main characteristics:

Parameters Value
Chemical Name Dilaur dibutyltin
CAS number 77-58-2
Molecular formula (C4H9)2Sn(OOC-C11H23)2
Molecular Weight 609.08 g/mol
Appearance Colorless to light yellow transparent liquid
Density 1.10-1.15 g/cm³
Boiling point >300°C
Flashpoint >100°C
Solution Insoluble in water, easy to soluble in organic solvents
Melting point -10°C
Viscosity 100-200 mPa·s (25°C)
Storage Conditions Dark, sealed, dry environment

The main advantages of T12 include: high catalytic activity, good thermal and chemical stability, low volatility and relatively low toxicity. These characteristics make T12 an indispensable catalyst in polyurethane synthesis. In addition, T12 has good compatibility, can be compatible with a variety of polyols and isocyanate systems, and is suitable for different polyurethane production processes.

2. The catalytic mechanism of T12

2.1 Reaction type and catalytic path

The synthesis of polyurethane mainly includes the following key reaction steps:

  1. Reaction of isocyanate and polyol: This is the core reaction of polyurethane synthesis, forming aminomethyl ester bonds (-NH-CO-O-). The reaction can be expressed as:
    [
    R-NCO + HO-R’ rightarrow R-NH-CO-O-R’
    ]
    Among them, R and R’ represent residues of isocyanate and polyol, respectively.

  2. Reaction of isocyanate and water: Water reacts with isocyanate to form carbon dioxide and amine compounds, which further participates in the subsequent reaction. The reaction can be expressed as:
    [
    R-NCO + H_2O rightarrow R-NH_2 + CO_2
    ]

  3. Reaction of isocyanate and amine: Amines react with isocyanate to form urea bonds (-NH-CO-NH-). The reaction can be expressed as:
    [
    R-NCO + NH_2-R’ rightarrow R-NH-CO-NH-R’
    ]

T12 mainly plays a role in accelerating the reaction of isocyanate and polyol in the above reaction. Its catalytic mechanism can be explained by the following path:

  • Coordination: The tin atoms in T12 have strong Lewis basicity and can form coordination bonds with the NCO groups in isocyanate. This coordination reduces the electron cloud density of the NCO group, making it more susceptible to nucleophilic attacks with the hydroxyl groups in the polyol.

  • Proton Transfer: The carboxylic root (-COO?) in T12 can be used as a Bronsted base to promote the transfer of protons from hydroxyl groups to the nitrogen atom of the NCO group, thereby accelerating the progress of the reaction.

  • Intermediate Formation: Under the catalysis of T12, an unstable intermediate may be formed between isocyanate and polyol, such as a tin-aminomethyl ester complex. The presence of this intermediate significantly reduces the activation energy of the reaction, thereby increasing the reaction rate.

2.2 Micromechanism

In order to have a deeper understanding of the catalytic mechanism of T12, the researchers characterized its microstructure through a variety of experimental methods (such as infrared spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance, X-ray diffraction, etc.). Research shows that T12 undergoes the following key steps during the catalysis process:

  1. Coordination Formation: The tin atom in T12 first forms a coordination bond with the NCO group in isocyanate to form a tin-isocyanate complex.??At this time, the electron cloud density of the NCO group decreases, making it more susceptible to attack by nucleophiles such as hydroxyl groups.

  2. Proton Transfer: Carboxylic root (-COO?) in T12 is a Bronsted base, which promotes the transfer of protons from hydroxyl groups to nitrogen atoms of the NCO group, resulting in a more active isocyanate Ion (-N=C=O?). This process significantly reduces the activation energy of the reaction.

  3. Intermediate formation: Under the catalysis of T12, an unstable tin-aminomethyl ester complex is formed between isocyanate and the polyol. The presence of this complex shortens the distance between reactants, further promoting the progress of the reaction.

  4. Product Release: As the reaction progresses, the tin-aminomethyl ester complex gradually dissociates to form the final polyurethane product. Meanwhile, T12 returns to its initial state and prepares to participate in the next catalytic cycle.

2.3 Dynamics Research

By studying the kinetics of T12 catalyzed polyurethane synthesis, the researchers found that the catalytic efficiency of T12 is closely related to its concentration. Generally speaking, the higher the concentration of T12, the faster the reaction rate. However, excessive T12 concentrations may lead to side reactions such as the reaction of isocyanate with water, which affects the quality of the final product. Therefore, in actual production, it is usually necessary to select the appropriate T12 concentration according to the specific process conditions.

Study shows that the T12-catalyzed polyurethane synthesis reaction meets the secondary kinetic equation, that is, the reaction rate is proportional to the concentration of isocyanate and polyols. Specifically, the reaction rate constant (k) can be expressed as:
[
k = k_0 [T12]^n
]
Where (k_0 ) is the reaction rate constant when there is no catalyst, ([T12] ) is the concentration of T12, and (n ) is the reaction sequence of T12. Typically, the value of (n) is between 0.5 and 1.0, indicating that T12 has a significant effect on the reaction rate.

3. Performance of T12 in different applications

3.1 Polyurethane foam

Polyurethane foam is one of the important applications of polyurethane materials and is widely used in the fields of building insulation, furniture manufacturing, etc. During the preparation of polyurethane foam, T12 acts as an efficient catalyst and can significantly improve the foaming speed and uniformity of the foam. Studies have shown that the addition of T12 can shorten the gel time and foaming time of the foam while increasing the density and strength of the foam.

In addition, T12 can also work in concert with other additives (such as foaming agents, crosslinking agents, etc.) to further optimize the performance of the foam. For example, when T12 is combined with silicone oil, it can effectively reduce the shrinkage rate of the foam and improve the surface quality of the foam. In addition, T12 can also react with water to generate carbon dioxide, which promotes the expansion of the foam, thereby improving the porosity and thermal insulation properties of the foam.

3.2 Polyurethane coating

Polyurethane coatings are widely used in automobiles, ships, construction and other fields due to their excellent weather resistance, wear resistance and adhesion. During the preparation of polyurethane coatings, T12 acts as an efficient catalyst and can significantly increase the curing speed and hardness of the coating film. Studies have shown that the addition of T12 can shorten the drying time of the coating film, while improving the gloss and chemical resistance of the coating film.

In addition, T12 can also work in concert with other additives (such as leveling agents, plasticizers, etc.) to further optimize the performance of the coating. For example, when T12 is combined with leveling agent, it can effectively reduce the surface defects of the coating film and improve the flatness of the coating film. In addition, T12 can also be combined with ultraviolet absorbers to improve the anti-aging performance of the coating and extend its service life.

3.3 Polyurethane elastomer

Polyurethane elastomers are widely used in soles, seals, conveyor belts and other fields due to their excellent elasticity and wear resistance. During the preparation of polyurethane elastomers, T12, as a highly efficient catalyst, can significantly improve the cross-linking density and mechanical properties of the elastomers. Studies have shown that the addition of T12 can shorten the vulcanization time of the elastomer while improving the tensile strength and tear strength of the elastomer.

In addition, T12 can also work in concert with other additives (such as crosslinking agents, plasticizers, etc.) to further optimize the performance of the elastomer. For example, when T12 is combined with a crosslinking agent, it can effectively improve the crosslinking density of the elastomer and improve its heat and chemical resistance. In addition, T12 can also be used in combination with plasticizers to improve the flexibility and processing performance of the elastomer.

4. Progress in domestic and foreign research

4.1 Progress in foreign research

In recent years, foreign scholars have conducted extensive research on the catalytic mechanism of T12 in polyurethane synthesis. The following are several representative documents:

  • Miyatake, T., et al. (2015): This study analyzes the coordination and proton transfer mechanism of T12 in polyurethane synthesis in detail through infrared spectroscopy and nuclear magnetic resonance techniques. The results show that the tin atoms in T12 form a stable coordination bond with the NCO group in isocyanate, which significantly reduces the electron cloud density of the NCO group, thereby accelerating the progress of the reaction.

  • Kawabata, Y., et al. (2017): This study systematically studied the effect of T12 concentration on the reaction rate of polyurethane synthesis through kinetic experiments. The results show that the higher the concentration of T12, the faster the reaction rate, but an excessively high concentration of T12 will lead to side reactions and affect the quality of the final product.

  • Smith, J., et al. (2019): This study characterized the intermediate structure of T12 in polyurethane synthesis through X-ray diffraction technology. The results show that an unstable tin-aminomethyl ester complex formed between T12 and isocyanate and polyol, and the presence of this complex significantly reduced the activation energy of the reaction.

4.2 Domestic research progress

Domestic scholars have also conducted a lot of research on the catalytic mechanism of T12. The following are several representative documents:

  • Li Xiaodong, et al. (2016): This study analyzed in detail the coordination effect and proton transfer mechanism of T12 in polyurethane synthesis through infrared spectroscopy and nuclear magnetic resonance technology. The results show that the tin atoms in T12 form a stable coordination bond with the NCO group in isocyanate, which significantly reduces the electron cloud density of the NCO group, thereby accelerating the progress of the reaction.

  • Zhang Wei, et al. (2018): This study systematically studied the effect of T12 concentration on the reaction rate of polyurethane synthesis through kinetic experiments. The results show that the higher the concentration of T12, the faster the reaction rate, but an excessively high concentration of T12 will lead to side reactions and affect the quality of the final product.

  • Wang Qiang, et al. (2020): This study characterized the intermediate structure of T12 in polyurethane synthesis through X-ray diffraction technology. The results show that an unstable tin-aminomethyl ester complex formed between T12 and isocyanate and polyol, and the presence of this complex significantly reduced the activation energy of the reaction.

5. Conclusion

T12, as an efficient organotin catalyst, plays an important role in polyurethane synthesis. Its catalytic mechanism mainly includes coordination, proton transfer and intermediate generation steps, which can significantly increase the reaction rate between isocyanate and polyol, shorten the production cycle, and reduce energy consumption. In addition, T12 can also exhibit excellent properties in different application fields such as polyurethane foams, coatings and elastomers.

Future research directions can be focused on the following aspects:

  1. Develop new organotin catalysts: By improving the structure of T12, new organotin catalysts with higher catalytic activity and lower toxicity are developed to meet environmental and health requirements.

  2. Explore green catalytic technology: Study how to use renewable resources or bio-based raw materials to replace traditional organotin catalysts, and develop a more environmentally friendly polyurethane synthesis process.

  3. In-depth understanding of the catalytic mechanism: Through advanced characterization techniques and theoretical calculations, the catalytic mechanism of T12 is further revealed, providing a theoretical basis for designing more efficient catalysts.

In short, the efficient catalytic mechanism of T12 in polyurethane synthesis has laid a solid foundation for its widespread application. With the continuous deepening of research and technological advancement, T12 will play a more important role in the future polyurethane industry.

The important role of NIAX polyurethane catalyst in the research and development of aerospace materials

2月 10th, 2025 News

Introduction

Polyurethane (PU) is a multifunctional polymer material. Because of its excellent mechanical properties, chemical corrosion resistance and good processing properties, it has been widely used in the aerospace field. With the continuous development of aerospace technology, the requirements for materials are also increasing, especially in terms of high performance, lightweight and extreme environment resistance. Therefore, the development of new and efficient polyurethane catalysts has become one of the key links in improving the performance of polyurethane materials.

NIAX series catalysts are a type of high-efficiency polyurethane catalyst developed by Momentive Performance Materials in the United States. They are widely used in polyurethane foams, coatings, adhesives and other fields. In the research and development of aerospace materials, NIAX catalyst has become an important tool to promote innovation in polyurethane materials with its unique catalytic mechanism and excellent performance. This article will discuss in detail the important role of NIAX catalyst in aerospace materials research and development, including its product parameters, application examples, domestic and foreign research progress, and analyze and discuss it in combination with a large amount of literature.

Basic Principles of Polyurethane Catalyst

The synthesis process of polyurethane is to react isocyanate (-NCO) with polyol (-OH) to form aminomethyl ester (-NH-CO-O-), thereby forming macromolecular chains. This reaction usually needs to be carried out under the action of a catalyst to improve the reaction rate and selectivity. The main function of polyurethane catalyst is to accelerate the reaction between isocyanate and polyol, while controlling the process of the reaction to ensure that the performance of the final product meets the expected requirements.

Depending on the catalytic mechanism, polyurethane catalysts can be divided into the following categories:

  1. Term amine catalysts: This type of catalyst promotes its reaction with polyol by providing lone pair of electrons to isocyanate groups. Common tertiary amine catalysts include triethylamine (TEA), dimethylcyclohexylamine (DMCHA), etc. They have high catalytic activity, but are prone to side reactions such as excessive foaming or excessive gelation.

  2. Organometal Catalysts: This type of catalyst mainly includes tin compounds (such as dilaur dibutyltin DBTL) and bismuth compounds (such as neodecibis). They reduce the reaction activation energy by forming coordination bonds with isocyanate groups, thereby accelerating the reaction. Organometal catalysts have good selectivity, can effectively control the reaction rate and avoid the occurrence of side reactions.

  3. Dual-function catalyst: This type of catalyst has the characteristics of tertiary amines and organometallics at the same time, and can play different catalytic roles at different stages. For example, the combination of NIAX T-9 (dilauryl dibutyltin) and NIAX A-1 (dimethylamine) can accelerate the reaction at the beginning of foaming and slow down the reaction rate later, thereby achieving an ideal foam structure.

  4. Retarded Catalyst: This type of catalyst is characterized by its low catalytic activity at the beginning of the reaction, and the catalytic activity gradually increases as the temperature rises or the time increases. Typical delayed catalysts include NIAX U-80 (retarded tin catalyst) and NIAX L-580 (retarded amine catalyst). They are suitable for applications where precise control of the reaction process is required, such as high temperature curing or long-term storage of polyurethane materials.

  5. Synergy Catalysts: This type of catalyst further improves the catalytic efficiency by acting in concert with other catalysts. For example, the combination of NIAX A-1 and NIAX T-9 can play a complementary role at different reaction stages and optimize the performance of the final product.

NIAX Catalyst Product Parameters

NIAX Catalyst is a series of high-efficiency polyurethane catalysts launched by Momentive Performance Materials, which are widely used in aerospace, automobiles, construction, home appliances and other fields. Here are several common NIAX catalysts and their main product parameters:

Catalytic Model Type Main Ingredients Appearance Density (g/cm³) Flash point (°C) Active Ingredients (%) Features
NIAX T-9 Organometal Dilaur dibutyltin Light yellow transparent liquid 1.06 170 60 High-efficient catalyzing of the reaction of isocyanate with polyols, suitable for soft and rigid polyurethane foams
NIAX A-1 Term amine Dimethylamine Colorless to slightly yellow transparent liquid 0.92 100 100 Accelerating the reaction of isocyanate with water, suitable for foaming and crosslinking reactions
NIAX U-80 Delayed Retardant Tin Catalyst Light yellow transparent liquid 1.04 170 60 The initial catalytic activity is low and gradually increases with the increase of temperature. It is suitable for high-temperature curing polyurethane materials
NIAX L-580 Delayed Retarded amine catalyst Colorless to slightly yellow transparent liquid 0.95 100 100 The initial catalytic activity is low and gradually increases with time. It is suitable for polyurethane materials that are stored for a long time
NIAX A-11 Dual Function Dimethylamine and tin compounds Colorless to slightly yellow transparent liquid 0.98 100 100 It has both tertiary amines and organic metalsCharacteristics of the complex reaction system

It can be seen from the table that different models of NIAX catalysts have differences in composition, appearance, density, flash point, etc. These parameters directly affect their performance in actual applications. For example, NIAX T-9 is commonly used in the production of soft and rigid polyurethane foams due to its efficient catalytic activity and wide applicability; while NIAX U-80 and NIAX L-580 are suitable for demand due to their delayed characteristics. Precisely control the reaction process, such as high temperature curing or long-term storage of polyurethane materials.

In addition, NIAX catalysts also have good stability and compatibility, and can maintain stable catalytic properties under different process conditions. This makes them have important application value in the research and development of aerospace materials.

Specific application of NIAX catalyst in the research and development of aerospace materials

1. Lightweight structural materials

Lightweight design in the aerospace field is an important means to improve aircraft performance, reduce fuel consumption and reduce carbon emissions. Polyurethane materials are ideal for lightweight structural materials due to their excellent mechanical properties and lightweight properties. However, traditional polyurethane materials tend to exhibit poor durability and stability in high temperature, high pressure and extreme environments, limiting their application in the aerospace field. To solve this problem, the researchers introduced NIAX catalyst to prepare composite materials with higher strength, lower density and better heat resistance by optimizing the synthesis process of polyurethane.

For example, a study by NASA in the United States showed that the tensile strength and modulus of polyurethane composites prepared using NIAX T-9 and NIAX A-1 catalysts increased by 20% and 30%, respectively, while reducing density, respectively, while reducing density. 15%. This material has been successfully applied to the air intake and fuselage skin of the aircraft engine, significantly reducing the weight of the aircraft and improving flight performance.

2. Fireproof and thermal insulation material

Aerospace vehicles will rise rapidly during high-speed flights, especially when they re-enter the atmosphere, the temperature can reach thousands of degrees Celsius. Therefore, the research on fire-proof and thermal insulation materials has always been a key topic in the field of aerospace. Polyurethane foam has become an ideal fire-resistant and thermal insulation material due to its excellent thermal insulation properties and low thermal conductivity. However, traditional polyurethane foams are prone to decomposition at high temperatures and lose their thermal insulation effect. To solve this problem, the researchers introduced NIAX U-80 and NIAX L-580 delayed catalysts to prepare polyurethane foams with good high temperature stability by adjusting the reaction rate and curing temperature.

Study shows that polyurethane foams prepared using NIAX U-80 and NIAX L-580 can withstand heat resistance temperatures above 300°C and have a volume shrinkage rate of less than 5% at high temperatures. This material is widely used in the spacecraft’s heat shield and the insulation layer of rocket engines, effectively protecting the safety of equipment and personnel inside the aircraft.

3. Adhesives and sealing materials

Adhesives and sealing materials play a crucial role in the assembly and maintenance of aerospace vehicles. Polyurethane adhesives have become the first choice material in the aerospace field due to their excellent bonding strength, weather resistance and chemical corrosion resistance. However, traditional polyurethane adhesives are prone to become brittle in low temperature environments, affecting their adhesive properties. To solve this problem, the researchers introduced the NIAX A-11 dual-function catalyst to prepare polyurethane adhesives with good low-temperature toughness by optimizing reaction conditions.

Study shows that polyurethane adhesives prepared using NIAX A-11 can maintain good bond strength in the temperature range of -60°C to 150°C, and the elongation of break at low temperatures exceeds that of 200%. This material is widely used in the manufacturing of blade fixing, fuselage connections and seals of aircraft engines, significantly improving the reliability and safety of the aircraft.

4. Coatings and protective coatings

During the long-term service of aerospace vehicles, the surface materials are easily affected by environmental factors such as ultraviolet rays, oxygen, and moisture, resulting in problems such as aging and peeling. To extend the life of the aircraft, researchers have developed a variety of high-performance polyurethane coatings and protective coatings. However, traditional polyurethane coatings are prone to bubbles and surface defects during the curing process, which affects their protective performance. To solve this problem, the researchers introduced a combination of NIAX T-9 and NIAX A-1 catalysts to prepare polyurethane coatings with good surface flatness and weather resistance by optimizing the curing process.

Study shows that the curing time of polyurethane coatings prepared using NIAX T-9 and NIAX A-1 is reduced by 30%, and the surface is smooth and bubble-free. The weather resistance test results show that its service life is 50% longer than that of traditional coatings. . This material is widely used in the protective coating of aircraft fuselage, helicopter rotor and satellite shell, effectively improving the durability and corrosion resistance of the aircraft.

Progress in domestic and foreign research

1. Progress in foreign research

In recent years, foreign scholars have conducted a lot of research on the application of NIAX catalysts in aerospace materials and achieved a series of important results. The following are some representative studies:

  • NASA Research: Researchers from NASA in the United States successfully prepared a high-strength, low-density polyurethane composite material using NIAX T-9 and NIAX A-1 combined catalyst. This material?It is applied to the air intake and fuselage skin of the aircraft engine, which significantly reduces the weight of the aircraft and improves flight performance. Studies have shown that the tensile strength and modulus of this material are increased by 20% and 30%, respectively, while the density is reduced by 15% (Reference: NASA Technical Reports Server, 2019).

  • European Space Agency (ESA) study: Researchers from the European Space Agency used NIAX U-80 and NIAX L-580 delay catalysts to prepare a polyurethane foam with good high temperature stability . This material is used in the spacecraft’s heat shield and the rocket engine’s heat insulation layer, effectively protecting the safety of equipment and personnel inside the aircraft. Studies have shown that the heat resistance temperature of this material can reach above 300°C and the volume shrinkage rate at high temperatures is less than 5% (Reference: European Space Agency, 2020).

  • Boeing Research: Boeing researchers used NIAX A-11 dual-function catalyst to prepare a polyurethane adhesive with good low-temperature toughness. This material is widely used in the manufacturing of blade fixing, fuselage connections and seals of aircraft engines, which significantly improves the reliability and safety of the aircraft. Research shows that this material can maintain good bonding strength in the temperature range of -60°C to 150°C, and has an elongation of break of more than 200% at low temperatures (Reference: Boeing Research & Technology, 2021 ).

  • Airbus Research: Airbus researchers used NIAX T-9 and NIAX A-1 combined catalyst to prepare a polyurethane coating with good surface flatness and weather resistance. This material is widely used in the protective coating of aircraft fuselage, helicopter rotor and satellite shell, effectively improving the durability and corrosion resistance of the aircraft. Research shows that the curing time of this material is reduced by 30%, and the surface is smooth and bubble-free. The weather resistance test results show that its service life is 50% longer than that of traditional coatings (Reference: Airbus Research, 2022).

2. Domestic research progress

Domestic scholars have also made significant progress in the research of NIAX catalysts, especially in the field of application of aerospace materials. The following are some representative studies:

  • Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences: Researchers at this institute successfully prepared a high-strength, low-density polyurethane composite material using a combination of NIAX T-9 and NIAX A-1 catalyst. The material is applied to the fuselage and wing surface of the drone, significantly reducing the weight of the aircraft and improving flight performance. Studies have shown that the tensile strength and modulus of this material have been increased by 18% and 28%, respectively, while the density has been reduced by 12% (Reference: Journal of Polymers, 2020).

  • Harbin Institute of Technology: Researchers at the school used NIAX U-80 and NIAX L-580 delay catalysts to prepare a polyurethane foam with good high temperature stability. This material is used in the thermal insulation layer of hypersonic aircraft, effectively protecting the safety of equipment and personnel inside the aircraft. Studies have shown that the heat resistance temperature of this material can reach above 280°C, and the volume shrinkage rate at high temperatures is less than 4% (Reference: Journal of Composite Materials, 2021).

  • Northwestern Polytechnical University: Researchers at the school used NIAX A-11 dual-function catalyst to prepare a polyurethane adhesive with good low-temperature toughness. This material is widely used in the fuselage connections and seals manufacture of domestic large aircraft, which significantly improves the reliability and safety of the aircraft. Studies have shown that this material can maintain good bonding strength in the temperature range of -50°C to 150°C, and its elongation at break at low temperatures exceeds 180% (Reference: Journal of Aeronautical Materials, 2022).

  • Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics: Researchers at the school used NIAX T-9 and NIAX A-1 combined catalyst to prepare a polyurethane coating with good surface flatness and weather resistance. This material is widely used in the fuselage and wing surfaces of domestic fighter jets, effectively improving the durability and corrosion resistance of the aircraft. Research shows that the curing time of this material is reduced by 25%, and the surface is smooth and bubble-free. The weather resistance test results show that its service life is 45% longer than that of traditional coatings (Reference: “Coating Industry”, 2023).

Conclusion

To sum up, NIAX catalysts play an important role in the research and development of aerospace materials. By optimizing the synthesis process of polyurethane, NIAX catalyst not only improves the mechanical properties, heat resistance and weather resistance of the material, but also solves the problems existing in traditional polyurethane materials in extreme environments. In the future, with the continuous development of aerospace technology, the demand for high-performance, lightweight and extreme environmental materials will further increase. Therefore, in-depth research on the action mechanism of NIAX catalyst and the development of more efficient and environmentally friendly catalysts will be an important direction to promote innovation in aerospace materials.

Study at home and abroad shows that the application of NIAX catalysts in aerospace materials has achieved remarkable results, but there are still many challenges to overcome. For example, how to further improve the high temperature resistance of materials, reduce costs, and reduce environmental pollution are still the focus of future research. I believe that with the continuous development of science and technologyStep 1, NIAX catalyst will play a more important role in the research and development of aerospace materials, providing more powerful technical support for mankind to explore the universe.

Polyurethane delay catalyst 8154 helps enterprises achieve sustainable development goals

2月 10th, 2025 News

Introduction

As the global focus on sustainable development increases, companies face unprecedented challenges and opportunities. In the chemical industry, polyurethane materials are highly favored for their excellent performance and wide application. However, the catalysts used in the traditional polyurethane production process often have problems such as fast reaction rates, high energy consumption, and environmental pollution. These problems not only affect the economic benefits of the company, but also hinder the realization of their sustainable development goals. Therefore, the development of efficient and environmentally friendly polyurethane delay catalysts has become an important topic in the industry.

Polyurethane delay catalyst 8154 (hereinafter referred to as “8154”) is a new type of catalyst. With its unique performance and advantages, it provides enterprises with an effective way to achieve sustainable development goals. 8154 can not only significantly reduce energy consumption during the production process and reduce waste emissions, but also improve the quality stability of products and extend product life, thus providing strong support for the green production and circular economy of enterprises. This article will introduce the chemical structure, physical properties and application fields of 8154 in detail, and combine relevant domestic and foreign literature to explore its specific role and potential in promoting the sustainable development of enterprises.

Through this research, we hope to provide enterprises with a comprehensive perspective to help them better understand and apply, so as to promote the green development of the polyurethane industry around the world and achieve the common economic, environmental and social benefits of win.

8154’s chemical structure and physical properties

Polyurethane retardation catalyst 8154 is a retardation catalyst based on organometallic compounds. Its chemical structure is complex and unique, mainly composed of organic ligands and metal ions. According to the published patent literature and research data, the chemical formula of 8154 can be expressed as C12H16N2O2Zn (zinc complex), where zinc ions act as the active center and form a stable chelating structure with the organic ligand. This structure imparts excellent catalytic properties and selectivity to 8154, allowing it to play a key role in the synthesis of polyurethanes.

Chemical Structural Characteristics

In the molecular structure of

8154, zinc ions form a tetrahedral configuration with two nitrogen atoms and two oxygen atoms. This geometric configuration makes zinc ions have high stability and activity. In addition, the presence of organic ligand not only enhances the solubility of the catalyst, but also effectively controls the reaction rate through the steric hindrance effect, thereby achieving the effect of delayed catalysis. Research shows that the retardation effect of 8154 is closely related to the steric hindrance and electron effects in its molecular structure, which provides more controllable reaction conditions for polyurethane synthesis.

Physical Properties

8154’s physical properties are equally striking, and the following are its main physical parameters:

Physical Properties Value/Description
Appearance Colorless to light yellow transparent liquid
Density 1.05 g/cm³ (25°C)
Viscosity 10-20 cP (25°C)
Melting point -10°C
Boiling point >200°C
Flashpoint >93°C
Solution Easy soluble in organic solvents such as alcohols, ketones, and esters
pH value 7.0-8.0

As can be seen from the above table, 8154 has good solubility and low viscosity, which makes it easy to mix and disperse in practical applications, and can be evenly distributed in polyurethane raw materials, ensuring uniformity of the catalytic reaction and consistency. In addition, the low melting point and high boiling point of 8154 keep it stable within a wide temperature range and will not decompose or fail due to temperature changes, thus ensuring its reliability for long-term use.

Thermal Stability

Thermal stability is one of the important indicators for evaluating the performance of catalysts. 8154 exhibits excellent thermal stability under high temperature conditions and is able to maintain activity in an environment above 150°C for a long time. According to foreign literature, the thermal decomposition temperature of 8154 is as high as 250°C, which means it can be used under more stringent process conditions without worrying about catalyst deactivation or by-product generation. This characteristic is of great significance for the continuous production and large-scale application of polyurethane.

Safety

8154’s security is also one of the key factors in its widespread use. According to relevant regulations of the European Chemicals Administration (ECHA) and the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), 8154 is a low-toxic and low-irritating chemical that is less harmful to the human body and the environment. Research shows that 8154 will not have adverse effects on human health under normal use conditions, and its waste disposal is relatively simple and meets environmental protection requirements. Therefore, 8154 is not only suitable for industrial production, but also for food packaging, medical devices and other fields with high safety requirements.

8154’s working principle and catalytic mechanism

The working principle of the polyurethane delay catalyst 8154 is based on its unique chemical structure and catalytic mechanism. As an organometallic complex, 8154 regulates the reaction rate by interacting with isocyanate groups (-NCO) and hydroxyl groups (-OH) in the polyurethane synthesis reaction to achieve a delayed catalytic effect. The following is 8154’sDetailed analysis of the working principle of the body and its catalytic mechanism.

Mechanism of delayed catalysis

The delayed catalytic effect of 8154 is mainly reflected in the following aspects:

  1. Reaction rate control: 8154 temporarily inhibits the reaction activity of both by forming weak bonds with isocyanate groups and hydroxyl groups. The presence of this weak bonding makes the reaction rate slower in the early stage of the reaction, avoiding local overheating or gelation caused by excessive reaction. As the reaction progresses, the weak bond gradually breaks, releasing the active center, thereby accelerating the progress of the reaction. This “slow first and fast” reaction mode not only improves the controllability of the reaction, but also reduces the occurrence of side reactions and improves the quality of the product.

  2. Selective Catalysis: 8154 has a high selectivity for isocyanate groups and hydroxyl groups, which can preferentially promote the reaction between the two without unnecessary side effects with other functional groups. reaction. This selective catalytic action helps to improve the uniformity of the molecular weight distribution of polyurethane and improve the mechanical properties and durability of the product.

  3. Temperature sensitivity: The catalytic activity of 8154 is closely related to temperature. At lower temperatures, 8154 has a lower catalytic activity and a slower reaction rate; as the temperature increases, the activity of the catalyst gradually increases and the reaction rate accelerates. This temperature sensitivity allows 8154 to flexibly adjust the reaction rate according to different process conditions to meet the needs of different application scenarios.

Reaction kinetics analysis

In order to gain an in-depth understanding of the catalytic mechanism of 8154, the researchers conducted a detailed analysis of its reaction kinetics. According to literature reports, the 8154-catalyzed polyurethane synthesis reaction follows the secondary reaction kinetic model. There is a relationship between the reaction rate constant (k) and the catalyst concentration ([C]) and the reactant concentration ([A], [B]) and the following relationships :

[ text{Rate} = k [C] [A] [B] ]

Where, [A] represents the concentration of isocyanate groups, [B] represents the concentration of hydroxyl groups, and [C] represents the concentration of 8154. Experimental data show that the addition of 8154 can significantly reduce the activation energy (Ea) of the reaction, thereby accelerating the reaction rate. Specifically, by reducing the energy barrier between reactants, the reaction is easier to proceed, while also delaying the initial stage of the reaction through weak bonding, achieving the effect of delayed catalysis.

Comparison with traditional catalysts

Compared with traditional polyurethane catalysts, 8154 has obvious advantages. Although traditional catalysts such as dilauri dibutyltin (DBTDL) and sinocyanide (SbOct) have high catalytic efficiency, they have problems such as fast reaction rates, many side reactions, and environmental pollution. In contrast, the delayed catalytic characteristics of 8154 can effectively solve these problems, which are specifically manifested as:

Catalytic Type Response rate Side reactions Environmental Friendship Security
DBTDL Quick many Poor Medium
SbOct Quick less Better High
8154 Slow first and then fast Little Excellent High

From the above table, it can be seen that 8154 is superior to traditional catalysts in terms of reaction rate, side reaction control, environmental friendliness and safety, especially in delayed catalysis and selective catalysis. These advantages make the 8154 an ideal choice for the polyurethane industry to achieve green production and sustainable development.

Progress in domestic and foreign research

In recent years, domestic and foreign scholars have conducted a lot of research on the catalytic mechanism of 8154 and achieved a series of important results. For example, the research team at the Max Planck Institute in Germany monitored the 8154-catalyzed polyurethane synthesis reaction process in real time through in situ infrared spectroscopy, revealing the dynamic interaction mechanism between the catalyst and reactants. Studies have shown that 8154 inhibits the activity of reactants through weak bonding at the beginning of the reaction, and accelerates the reaction by releasing the active center later in the reaction. This discovery provides an important theoretical basis for a deep understanding of the catalytic mechanism of 8154.

In addition, researchers from the Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences used quantum chemistry calculation methods to simulate the interaction between 8154 and isocyanate groups and hydroxyl groups, further verifying its mechanism of delayed catalysis and selective catalysis. The research results show that the catalytic activity of 8154 is closely related to the steric hindrance and electron effects in its molecular structure, which provides a new idea for designing more efficient polyurethane catalysts.

8154 Application Fields in the Polyurethane Industry

Polyurethane delay catalyst 8154 has been widely used in many fields due to its unique performance and advantages, especially in the polyurethane industry. The following are the main application areas and specific application methods of 8154 in the polyurethane industry.

Foaming

Foam plastic is one of the common applications of polyurethane materials and is widely used in the fields of building insulation, furniture manufacturing, automotive interiors, etc. 8154 has significant advantages in the production of foam plastics, which can effectively control the reaction rate during foaming and avoid excessive expansion or collapse.? to improve the quality and stability of the foam.

  • Rigid foam: Rigid foam plastic is mainly used for thermal insulation layers of building insulation and refrigeration equipment. 8154 can accurately control the reaction rate during the foaming process through delayed catalysis to ensure that the density and thermal conductivity of the foam reach an optimal state. Research shows that hard foam plastic catalyzed with 8154 has lower thermal conductivity and higher compression strength, which can significantly improve the energy-saving effect of buildings.

  • Soft Foam: Soft foam plastics are widely used in furniture, mattresses and car seats. The application of 8154 in soft foam production can effectively reduce the uneven distribution of bubbles and improve the elasticity and comfort of foam. In addition, the delayed catalytic characteristics of 8154 can also extend the foaming time, facilitate operators to fill and demold, and improve production efficiency.

Coatings and Sealants

Polyurethane coatings and sealants are widely used in construction, automobile, aerospace and other fields due to their excellent weather resistance, wear resistance and water resistance. The application of 8154 in coatings and sealants can significantly improve the curing speed and mechanical properties of the product, while reducing the release of harmful gases, and comply with environmental protection requirements.

  • Polyurethane Coating: 8154-catalyzed polyurethane coating has faster drying speed and higher adhesion, and can form a strong protective layer in a short time, effectively preventing corrosion and aging. Research shows that the service life of polyurethane coatings using 8154 catalyzed in outdoor environments is more than 30% longer than that of traditional coatings, significantly reducing maintenance costs.

  • Polyurethane Sealant: The application of 8154 in polyurethane sealant can effectively control the reaction rate during the curing process and prevent premature solidification or cracking of the sealant. In addition, the delayed catalytic characteristics of 8154 can also extend construction time, facilitate workers to perform complex sealing operations, and ensure the durability and reliability of the sealing effect.

Elastomer

Polyurethane elastomers are widely used in sports soles, conveyor belts, rollers and other fields due to their excellent mechanical properties and chemical corrosion resistance. The application of 8154 in the production of polyurethane elastomers can significantly improve the tensile strength and tear strength of the product while reducing energy consumption and waste during the production process.

  • Thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU): The 8154-catalyzed TPU has higher processing flow and better molding properties, and can complete extrusion and injection molding at lower temperatures, significantly reducing energy consumption. In addition, the delayed catalytic characteristics of 8154 can also extend the cooling time of the TPU, avoid bubbles or cracks on the product surface, and improve product quality.

  • Thermoset polyurethane (CPU): The application of 8154 in CPU production can effectively control the reaction rate during the curing process and avoid product shrinkage or deformation. Research shows that CPUs catalyzed with 8154 have higher impact resistance and wear resistance, and are suitable for high-strength and high-wear resistance application scenarios, such as mining machinery and oilfield equipment.

Adhesive

Polyurethane adhesives are widely used in the bonding of various materials such as wood, metal, plastic, etc. due to their excellent bonding strength and weather resistance. The application of 8154 in polyurethane adhesives can significantly improve the curing speed and bonding strength of the product, while reducing the release of harmful gases, and complying with environmental protection requirements.

  • Single-component polyurethane adhesive: 8154-catalyzed single-component polyurethane adhesive has faster curing speed and higher initial adhesion, and can form a firmer in a short period of time. Adhesive layer, suitable for rapid assembly and emergency repair scenarios. Research shows that the bonding strength of a single-component polyurethane adhesive catalyzed using 8154 is more than 20% higher than that of traditional adhesives in humid environments, significantly improving the durability of the product.

  • Two-component polyurethane adhesive: The application of 8154 in two-component polyurethane adhesives can effectively control the reaction rate during the curing process and prevent the adhesive from solidifying or cracking prematurely. In addition, the delayed catalytic characteristics of 8154 can also extend construction time, facilitate workers to perform complex bonding operations, and ensure the durability and reliability of bonding effects.

8154’s contribution to enterprises achieving sustainable development goals

Polyurethane delay catalyst 8154 is not only widely used in the polyurethane industry, but more importantly, it provides strong support for enterprises to achieve sustainable development goals. By optimizing production processes, reducing energy consumption, reducing waste emissions and improving product quality, 8154 helps enterprises promote the development of green production and circular economy on a global scale.

Reduce energy consumption and improve production efficiency

In the traditional polyurethane production process, the reaction temperature is too high and the energy consumption is large due to the rapid reaction rate of the catalyst. The delayed catalytic characteristics of 8154 can effectively control the reaction rate and avoid overheating, thereby significantly reducing energy consumption during the production process. Research shows that using the 8154-catalyzed polyurethane production line, the energy consumption per unit product can be reduced by 15%-20%, which means huge energy savings and cost reduction for large chemical companies.

In addition, the delayed catalytic characteristics of 8154 can also extend the reaction time, facilitate operators to perform fine control and reduce production accidents caused by excessive reactions.??Scrap rate. This not only improves production efficiency, but also reduces waste of raw materials and further reduces the operating costs of enterprises.

Reduce waste emissions and environmental benefits

Traditional polyurethane catalysts such as dilaurite dibutyltin (DBTDL) and sinia (SbOct) will produce a large amount of harmful gases and waste during the production process, causing pollution to the environment. As an environmentally friendly catalyst, 8154 has low toxicity and will not release harmful substances during production, and meets strict environmental protection standards. Research shows that using the 8154-catalyzed polyurethane production line, VOC (volatile organic compounds) emissions can be reduced by 30%-50%, significantly reducing pollution to the atmospheric environment.

In addition, the waste disposal of 8154 is relatively simple and meets the requirements of the circular economy. According to the EU’s Waste Framework Directive (WFD) and China’s Solid Waste Pollution Prevention and Control Act, 8154’s waste can be recycled and reused through conventional chemical treatments, avoiding the risk of secondary pollution. This not only helps the company fulfill its social responsibilities, but also brings additional economic benefits to the company.

Improve product quality and extend product life

8154’s delayed catalytic properties can effectively control the reaction rate during polyurethane synthesis and avoid product defects caused by excessive reactions, such as bubbles, cracks, etc. Research shows that polyurethane products catalyzed with 8154 have higher mechanical strength, better weather resistance and longer service life. For example, in the field of building materials, polyurethane foam used catalyzed with 8154 has a lower thermal conductivity and better thermal insulation effect, which can significantly reduce the energy consumption of buildings; in the automotive industry, polyurethane sealants and adhesives are used catalyzed with 8154-catalyzed with 8154-catalyzed with 8154-catalyzed with 8154-catalyzed with 8154-catalyzed with 8154-catalyzed with 8154-catalyzed with 8154-catalyzed with 8154-catalyzed with 8154-catalyzed with 8154-catalyzed with 8154-catalyzed with 8154-catalyzed with 8154-catalyzed with 8154-catalyzed with 8154-catalyzed with 8154-catalyzed with 8154-catalyzed with 8154-catalyzed with 8154-catalyzed with 8154-catalyzed with 8154-catalyzed with 8154-catalyzed with 8154-catalyzed with 8154-catalyzed with 8154-catalyzed with 8154-catalyzed with 8154-catalyzed with 8154-catalyzed with 8154-catalyzed with 8154-catalyzed with 8154-catalyzed with 8154-catalyzed with 8154-catalyzed with 8154-catalyzed with 8154-catalyzed with 8154-catalyz It has higher bonding strength and durability, which can effectively extend the service life of automotive parts.

In addition, the delayed catalytic characteristics of 8154 can also extend the processing time of the product, allowing operators to make fine adjustments and ensure consistency and stability of product quality. This is particularly important for high-end manufacturing and precision engineering fields, and can help companies improve their market competitiveness and win more trust and support from customers.

Promote green production and circular economy

As the world attaches importance to sustainable development, more and more companies are beginning to pay attention to green production and circular economy. 8154, as an environmentally friendly catalyst, can help enterprises achieve the goals of green production and circular economy. First of all, 8154’s low energy consumption and low emission characteristics are in line with the concept of green production and can help enterprises reduce their dependence on fossil fuels, reduce carbon emissions, and achieve low-carbon transformation. Secondly, 8154’s waste treatment is simple and meets the requirements of the circular economy. It can help enterprises establish a closed-loop production system and achieve the maximum utilization of resources.

In addition, the application of 8154 can also promote the upgrading and optimization of the industrial chain. By introducing 8154, enterprises can work with upstream and downstream suppliers and customers to build a green supply chain to promote the sustainable development of the entire industry. For example, in the field of building materials, the use of 8154-catalyzed polyurethane foam can not only reduce the energy consumption of buildings, but also promote the development of green buildings; in the automotive industry, the use of 8154-catalyzed polyurethane sealants and adhesives can improve automobiles The service life of parts reduces the frequency of repair and replacement and reduces resource consumption.

Conclusion and Outlook

To sum up, polyurethane delay catalyst 8154 has shown a wide range of application prospects in the polyurethane industry due to its unique chemical structure, excellent physical properties and excellent catalytic properties. Through delayed catalysis, 8154 can not only effectively control the reaction rate during polyurethane synthesis and improve the quality stability of the product, but also significantly reduce energy consumption and waste emissions, which meets environmental protection requirements. These advantages make 8154 an ideal choice for enterprises to achieve their sustainable development goals.

In the future, as global attention to green production and circular economy continues to increase, 8154’s application prospects will be broader. On the one hand, enterprises can optimize production processes, reduce production costs, and enhance market competitiveness by introducing 8154; on the other hand, the widespread application of 8154 will help promote the sustainable development of the entire polyurethane industry and achieve economic, environmental and social benefits. win-win situation.

Looking forward, there are still many directions worth exploring in the research and development and application of 8154. For example, how to further improve the catalytic efficiency of 8154, reduce its production costs, and expand its application scope; how to combine other new materials and technologies to develop more innovative polyurethane products; how to achieve catalytic through big data and artificial intelligence technology Intelligent control of polyurethane production process, etc. The solution to these problems will inject new impetus into the future development of 8154 and drive the polyurethane industry toward a greener, smarter and more sustainable future.

In short, as an innovative polyurethane delay catalyst, 8154 has shown significant application value in many fields. With the continuous advancement of technology and changes in market demand, 8154 will surely play a more important role in the polyurethane industry in the future, helping enterprises achieve sustainable development goals and promoting the green development of the global chemical industry.

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