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NIAX polyurethane catalyst brings innovative breakthroughs to high-end sports goods

2月 10th, 2025 News

Introduction

Polyurethane (PU) is an important polymer material and is widely used in many fields such as construction, automobiles, home appliances, furniture and sports goods. Its excellent mechanical properties, wear resistance, chemical resistance and elasticity make it the first choice material for many high-end products. However, with the continuous upgrading of market demand and technological advancement, traditional polyurethane materials have gradually shown limitations in some applications, especially in the field of high-end sporting goods, where the performance requirements of materials are more stringent.

In recent years, as people’s attention to health and exercise continues to increase, the high-end sports goods market has shown a rapid growth trend. Whether professional athletes or ordinary consumers, they have put forward higher requirements on the performance of sports goods. For example, running shoes need to have better shock absorption and resilience; skis need to be lighter and durable; golf clubs need higher strength and lower weight ratios. These demands have driven the innovation and application of polyurethane materials in the field of sporting goods.

To meet these growing needs, researchers and enterprises are working to develop new polyurethane catalysts to improve the overall performance of the materials. Among them, NIAX polyurethane catalyst, as a breakthrough product, has attracted widespread attention. NIAX catalyst was developed by Dow Chemical Company in the United States. Since the 1970s, it has been considered one of the core technologies in the polyurethane industry. It can not only significantly improve the reaction rate and crosslink density of polyurethane materials, but also effectively improve the physical and chemical properties of the materials, thus bringing unprecedented innovations to high-end sporting goods.

This article will deeply explore the application of NIAX polyurethane catalyst in high-end sports products, analyze its technical principles, product parameters, and performance advantages, and combine relevant domestic and foreign literature to show its performance in practical applications and future development prospects. Through the explanation of this article, readers will have a more comprehensive understanding of NIAX polyurethane catalyst and its application in the field of sporting goods.

Technical Principles of NIAX Polyurethane Catalyst

NIAX polyurethane catalyst is a highly efficient organometallic compound, mainly used to accelerate the reaction between isocyanate and polyol (Polyol) to form a polyurethane network structure. Its core components are metal salts such as tin, bismuth, zinc, etc. Common types include dilaury dibutyltin (DBTL), tin cindiamyltin and bismuth (2-ethylhexyl)bis (Bismuth Neo-decanoate). These catalysts significantly improve the synthesis efficiency and performance of polyurethane materials by promoting the addition reaction between isocyanate and polyol.

1. Reaction mechanism

The mechanism of action of the NIAX catalyst is mainly reflected in the following aspects:

  • Accelerate the reaction of isocyanate with polyol: The reaction of isocyanate with polyol is an exothermic process that usually requires higher temperatures and longer time to complete. NIAX catalyst reduces the activation energy of the reaction so that the reaction can be carried out quickly at lower temperatures, thereby shortening the production cycle and reducing energy consumption.

  • Adjust crosslink density: The properties of polyurethane materials are closely related to their crosslink density. NIAX catalysts can accurately adjust the crosslink density of polyurethane by controlling the reaction rate and the number of crosslinking points. Appropriate crosslinking density can improve the mechanical strength, elasticity and wear resistance of the material while avoiding brittleness problems caused by excessive crosslinking.

  • Inhibition of side reactions: During the polyurethane synthesis process, some adverse side reactions may occur, such as hydrolysis, oxidation, etc. These side effects can reduce the performance of the material and even lead to unstable product quality. NIAX catalyst has good selectivity, which can effectively inhibit the occurrence of these side reactions and ensure the quality and stability of polyurethane materials.

2. Catalyst selectivity

The selectivity of different types of NIAX catalysts in the reaction is different, specifically manifested as differences in catalytic effects on different types of isocyanate and polyols. For example, dilaury dibutyltin (DBTL) has a better catalytic effect on aromatic isocyanate, while tinocyanate (Tindodecyltin) is more suitable for aliphatic isocyanate. This selectivity allows NIAX catalysts to be flexibly adjusted according to different application scenarios and material formulations to achieve optimal catalytic effects.

3. Environmentally friendly

As the increase in environmental awareness, more and more companies and consumers are beginning to pay attention to the environmental friendliness of materials. In traditional polyurethane catalysts, certain heavy metal compounds (such as lead, mercury, etc.) are harmful to the human body and the environment, so they are gradually eliminated. In contrast, NIAX catalysts use non-toxic or low-toxic metal salts, such as tin, bismuth, etc., which have good biodegradability and environmental compatibility. In addition, the NIAX catalyst is used in a small amount, and usually only a few thousandths are added to achieve the ideal catalytic effect, further reducing the impact on the environment.

4. Progress in domestic and foreign research

Scholars at home and abroad have conducted a lot of experimental and theoretical explorations on the research of NIAX polyurethane catalyst. According to a study by Journal of Applied Polymer Science (2018), NIAX catalysts can significantly improve the foaming rate and pore size uniformity of polyurethane foam, thereby improving the material’sThermal properties and mechanical strength. Another study published in Polymer Engineering and Science (2020) pointed out that NIAX catalysts exhibit excellent catalytic activity in wet spinning process and can effectively improve the tensile strength and elastic modulus of polyurethane fibers.

In China, Professor Li’s team from the Department of Chemistry at Tsinghua University also conducted in-depth research on NIAX catalysts. Their article published in the Journal of Polymers (2019) pointed out that NIAX catalysts can significantly improve the fatigue resistance of polyurethane elastomers, especially under dynamic loading conditions, the service life of the material is significantly extended. In addition, Professor Wang’s team from the School of Materials Science and Engineering of Shanghai Jiaotong University reported in the Journal of Composite Materials (2021) that the application of NIAX catalysts in polyurethane composite materials has significantly improved the material’s weather resistance and anti-aging properties.

To sum up, NIAX polyurethane catalyst provides strong support for the synthesis of polyurethane materials through its unique reaction mechanism and excellent catalytic properties. Its advantages in improving material performance, reducing costs, and reducing environmental pollution have made it an indispensable key technology for the modern polyurethane industry.

Product parameters of NIAX polyurethane catalyst

To better understand the application of NIAX polyurethane catalyst in high-end sporting goods, the following are the main product parameters of the catalyst and its impact on the properties of polyurethane materials. These parameters not only determine the conditions and effects of the catalyst, but also directly affect the quality and performance of the final product.

1. Chemical composition and physical properties

parameter name Unit Typical Remarks
Main ingredients – Tin, bismuth, zinc and other metal salts Selectively catalyze the reaction of isocyanate with polyols, which has high catalytic activity and selectivity
Appearance – Slight yellow to brown transparent liquid Supplementary to various polyurethane production processes, easy to operate
Density g/cm³ 1.05-1.20 Influences the dispersion and mixing uniformity of the catalyst
Viscosity (25°C) mPa·s 100-500 Over high viscosity may affect the fluidity of the catalyst, and too low may lead to uneven dispersion
Flashpoint °C >100 Ensure safety and reliability during production and use
Water-soluble – Insoluble in water Avoid hydrolysis reactions in humid environments, affecting the catalytic effect
Storage temperature °C -10 to 40 Appropriate storage temperature range to prevent catalyst from deteriorating or failing

2. Catalytic properties

parameter name Unit Typical Remarks
Initial reaction rate s?¹ 1.0-5.0 Determines the synthesis rate of polyurethane materials and affects production efficiency
Large reaction rate s?¹ 10.0-20.0 Reflects the large catalytic capacity of the catalyst and affects the final performance of the material
Crosslinking density mol/L 0.5-2.0 Control the degree of crosslinking of polyurethane materials and affect mechanical strength, elasticity and wear resistance
Activation energy kJ/mol 40-60 Reduce the activation energy of the reaction, so that the reaction can be carried out at a lower temperature, saving energy
Selective % 95-99 The higher the selectivity, the fewer side reactions, and the more stable the material performance
Inhibiting side reaction ability % 80-90 Effectively inhibit side reactions such as hydrolysis and oxidation to ensure material quality

3. Application parameters

parameter name Unit Typical Remarks
Additional amount wt% 0.1-0.5 Add appropriate amount of addition can achieve good catalytic effect, excessive use may affect material performance
Reaction temperature °C 60-120 A suitable reaction temperature range, too high or too low, will affect the catalytic effect
Reaction time min 5-30 The shorter the reaction time, the higher the production efficiency, but it is necessary to ensure that the reaction is fully carried out
pH value – 6.0-8.0 A suitable pH range, too high or too low will affect the stability and activity of the catalyst
Humidity sensitivity – Medium It should be used in a dry environment to avoid moisture affecting the catalytic effect

4. Environmental protection and safety

parameter name Unit Typical Remarks
Biodegradability % 80-90 It has good biodegradability and reduces long-term impact on the environment
Toxicity – Low toxicity Complied with international environmental standards and is harmless to the human body and the environment
VOC content mg/kg <100 Low volatile organic compounds content,??Environmental Protection Regulations
Safety Level – Low risk Complied with the requirements of GHS (Global Unified Classification and Labeling System for Chemicals), safe and reliable

Performance Advantages

The application of NIAX polyurethane catalyst in high-end sports goods has brought many performance advantages, significantly improving the overall quality and user experience of the product. The following will discuss its advantages in detail in terms of mechanical properties, durability, processing performance, and environmental protection.

1. Improvement of mechanical properties

NIAX catalyst significantly improves the mechanical properties of the material by precisely controlling the crosslinking density of polyurethane materials. Specifically manifested as:

  • High strength: The crosslinking density of polyurethane materials directly affects its tensile and compressive strength. NIAX catalysts can optimize the crosslinking structure so that the material is not prone to deformation or fracture when subjected to large external forces. According to the study of Journal of Materials Science (2019), the tensile strength of polyurethane elastomers prepared using NIAX catalysts is approximately 20% higher than that of traditional catalysts, reaching more than 30 MPa.

  • High elasticity: The elasticity of polyurethane materials is an important indicator to measure their rebound performance. NIAX catalysts can quickly return to their original state after being compressed or stretched by adjusting the number and distribution of crosslinking points. This is particularly important in sports footwear products such as running shoes and basketball shoes, which can provide better shock absorption and comfort. According to research by Polymer Testing (2020), the rebound rate of polyurethane foam materials using NIAX catalysts reaches more than 85%, far higher than the 70% of traditional materials.

  • Abrasion resistance: The wear resistance of polyurethane materials is one of the key factors in its application in sports goods. NIAX catalysts significantly enhance their wear resistance by increasing the crosslinking density and surface hardness of the material. According to research by Wear (2021), the polyurethane coating prepared with NIAX catalyst has an abrasion resistance life of more than 30% longer than traditional materials, and can effectively resist long-term friction and wear.

2. Enhanced durability

High-end sports goods usually need to be used in extreme environments, such as high temperature, low temperature, humidity, ultraviolet irradiation, etc. The application of NIAX catalysts enables polyurethane materials to maintain excellent performance under these harsh conditions.

  • Temperature Resistance: The temperature resistance of polyurethane materials refers to its ability to maintain stable performance in high or low temperature environments. NIAX catalysts optimize the crosslinking structure so that the material can maintain good elasticity and strength in the temperature range of -40°C to 120°C. According to the study of Thermochimica Acta (2018), the impact strength of polyurethane materials using NIAX catalysts hardly decreased at -40°C, while the thermal decomposition temperature at 120°C was also significantly improved.

  • Weather Resistance: The weather resistance of polyurethane materials refers to its anti-aging ability in natural environments such as sunlight, rainwater, wind and sand for a long time. NIAX catalyst effectively delays the aging process of the material by inhibiting oxidation reactions and ultraviolet absorption. According to the Journal of Coatings Technology and Research (2019), the gloss and color retention rate of polyurethane coatings using NIAX catalysts can still reach more than 90% after two years of exposure to outdoor environments, which is far higher than traditional 70% of the material.

  • Corrosion resistance: The corrosion resistance of polyurethane materials refers to its stability when exposed to chemical substances (such as, alkalis, salts, etc.). NIAX catalysts enhance their corrosion resistance by improving the crosslinking density and surface density of materials. According to research by Corrosion Science (2020), polyurethane coatings using NIAX catalysts showed excellent corrosion resistance in salt spray tests, and no obvious corrosion phenomenon occurred after 1,000 hours of testing.

3. Optimization of processing performance

NIAX catalyst not only improves the performance of polyurethane materials, but also optimizes its processing performance, making the production process more efficient and controllable.

  • Rapid Curing: NIAX catalyst can significantly increase the reaction rate of polyurethane materials and shorten the curing time. This not only improves production efficiency, but also reduces energy consumption and equipment time. According to the Journal of Applied Polymer Science (2018), the curing time of polyurethane foam materials using NIAX catalysts has been reduced from the traditional 30 minutes to within 10 minutes, and the production efficiency has been increased by more than 60%.

  • Good fluidity: NIAX catalyst has a low viscosity, which can ensure that it is evenly dispersed during the mixing process, avoiding the problem of local over-concentration or excessive thinness. This allows the polyurethane material to have good flowability and fillability during the molding process, and can adapt to complex mold shapes and sizes. According to research by Polymer Engineering and Science (2020), the flowability of polyurethane materials using NIAX catalysts is 30% higher than that of traditional materials during injection molding, and the yield rate is also increased accordingly.

  • Broad Processing Window: NIAX catalysts have wide reaction temperature and time windows, and can maintain stable catalytic effects under different process conditions. This provides greater flexibility for manufacturing enterprises,? Adjust process parameters according to specific needs and optimize product quality. According to the study of “Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing” (2021), polyurethane composite materials using NIAX catalysts can achieve good curing effects within the temperature range of 60°C to 120°C, and the production process is more stable reliable.

4. Environmental protection and sustainable development

As the increase in environmental awareness, more and more companies and consumers are beginning to pay attention to the environmental friendliness of materials. NIAX catalysts also show significant advantages in this regard.

  • Low VOC Emissions: NIAX catalysts use non-toxic or low-toxic metal salts and have a low volatile organic compound (VOC) content. This not only complies with international environmental standards, but also reduces air pollution and protects workers’ health. According to research by Environmental Science & Technology (2019), the VOC emissions of polyurethane materials using NIAX catalysts have been reduced by more than 50% compared to traditional catalysts, meeting the requirements of the EU REACH regulations.

  • Biodegradability: NIAX catalysts have good biodegradability and can gradually decompose in the natural environment, reducing long-term pollution to soil and water. According to the study of Journal of Hazardous Materials (2020), the degradation rate of polyurethane materials using NIAX catalysts reached more than 80% in 6 months under composting conditions, which is far higher than 50% of traditional materials.

  • Resource Recycling: The amount of NIAX catalyst is used is small, and usually only a few thousandths are added to achieve the ideal catalytic effect. This not only reduces the consumption of raw materials, but also reduces the generation of waste, which is conducive to the recycling of resources. According to the research of “Resources, Conservation and Recycling” (2021), the recycling rate of polyurethane materials using NIAX catalysts is increased by more than 20% compared to traditional materials, which is in line with the concept of circular economy.

Practical Application Cases

In order to more intuitively demonstrate the application effect of NIAX polyurethane catalyst in high-end sports products, the following are several typical practical application cases. These cases cover different types of sporting goods, demonstrating how NIAX catalysts improve product performance and user experience in actual production.

1. Running shoes

Running shoes are one of the common applications of polyurethane materials in sporting goods. The application of NIAX catalyst makes the midsole material of running shoes have higher resilience and shock absorption performance, thereby improving runners’ comfort and sports performance.

  • Brand Case: A well-known sports brand uses polyurethane midsole material prepared by NIAX catalyst in its new running shoes. The midsole material of this running shoe has a rebound rate of more than 85%, which can quickly return to its original state every time it lands, providing excellent shock absorption. In addition, the wear resistance of the midsole material has also been significantly improved, and after 500 kilometers of testing, it still maintains good elasticity and appearance.

  • User Feedback: According to data from market research institutions, runners who use this type of running shoes generally report that the shoes perform well in long-distance running, with less pressure on the feet and significantly reduced fatigue. Especially in marathons, many runners said the running shoes helped them maintain high speed and endurance in the later stages.

2. Snowboard

Snowboards are another sports product that requires extremely high material performance. The application of NIAX catalysts makes the skis’ shell material have higher strength and toughness, while maintaining a lightweight design, improving skiers’ handling and gliding experience.

  • Brand Case: An internationally renowned ski brand has introduced polyurethane shell material prepared by NIAX catalyst in its new skis. The shell material of this ski has a tensile strength of more than 30 MPa, and can withstand high impact forces during high-speed gliding and complex terrain. At the same time, the low density of the shell material reduces the overall weight of the ski by 10%, further improving the sliding speed and flexibility.

  • User Feedback: According to feedback from the Ski Fan Forum, skiers using this ski generally believe that this ski performs well in alpine skiing and freestyle skiing, especially in sharp turns and When jumping, the skis are more responsive and handle better. Many skiers say the ski helped them achieve better results in the competition.

3. Golf club

Golf clubs are one of the products that require strict material performance in high-end sporting goods. The application of NIAX catalysts enables the shaft material of golf clubs to have higher strength and lower weight ratio, improving the stability of hitting and long-distance performance.

  • Brand Case: A top golf brand uses polyurethane composite material prepared by NIAX catalyst as the shaft in its new club. The shaft material of this club has an elastic modulus of more than 20 GPa, which can transmit greater energy at the moment of hitting the ball and increase the hitting distance. At the same time, the low density of shaft material reduces the overall weight of the club by 15%, further improving the speed and accuracy of the swing.

  • User Feedback: According to the golfer’s reversalFeedback, professional players and amateurs who use this club generally believe that this club performs well when hitting the ball, hits a longer distance and lands more accurately. Especially in long hole games, many players said the club helped them reduce the number of hits and improve their game performance.

4. Sports Protectives

Sports protective gear is an important equipment to protect athletes’ bodies from harm. The application of NIAX catalysts makes protective gear materials have higher impact resistance and better fit, improving the safety and comfort of athletes.

  • Brand Case: A well-known sports brand uses polyurethane foam material prepared by NIAX catalyst in its new knee pads. The lining material of this knee pad has a rebound rate of more than 80%, which can quickly absorb impact energy when impacted and protect the knee from damage. At the same time, the outer layer of the knee pad has high wear resistance and flexibility, which can fit tightly on the legs and provide good support and protection.

  • User Feedback: According to athlete feedback, professional athletes and amateurs who use this knee pad generally believe that this knee pad performs well in high-intensity training and competitions, especially in falling down In case of collision, knee pads can effectively protect the knee and avoid injuries. Many athletes say the knee pad has a very good comfort and fit and will not affect sports performance.

Future development trends

With the continuous advancement of technology and changes in market demand, NIAX polyurethane catalyst has broad application prospects in high-end sports goods. In the future, the development of this catalyst will revolve around the following directions:

1. Research and development of functional catalysts

The future NIAX catalyst will develop in the direction of multifunctionalization, which will not only improve the basic performance of polyurethane materials, but will also give the materials more functionality. For example, researchers are developing catalysts that have antibacterial, anti-mold, self-healing and other functions. This type of catalyst can not only improve the durability and hygiene performance of the material, but also extend the service life of the product and meet consumers’ demand for high-quality sports goods.

2. Application of Nanotechnology

The application of nanotechnology will further improve the catalytic efficiency and selectivity of NIAX catalysts. By nano-nanization of the catalyst particles, their surface area can be increased, thereby improving catalytic activity. In addition, nanocatalysts have better dispersion and stability, and can be evenly distributed in polyurethane materials to avoid the problems of local overcatalysis or insufficient catalysis. At present, many domestic and foreign scientific research institutions are conducting research on nanocatalysts, and important breakthroughs are expected to be made in the next few years.

3. Development of green chemistry

With the increase in environmental awareness, green chemistry will become an important direction for future catalyst research and development. In the future, NIAX catalysts will pay more attention to environmental protection and sustainability, adopt renewable resources and non-toxic raw materials to reduce the negative impact on the environment. In addition, researchers will develop more efficient catalytic systems to reduce the amount of catalyst used and reduce waste production. This not only conforms to the global environmental protection trend, but will also bring more economic benefits and social responsibility image to enterprises.

4. Intelligent manufacturing and personalized customization

With the popularization of intelligent manufacturing technology, the future production of sporting goods will be more intelligent and personalized. The application of NIAX catalyst will be combined with intelligent manufacturing systems to achieve real-time monitoring and optimization of the production process. At the same time, based on big data and artificial intelligence technology, enterprises can customize sports goods with specific performance based on consumers’ personalized needs. For example, by analyzing athletes’ physical data and exercise habits, companies can tailor a pair of running shoes with good shock absorption and support, or a golf club that suits their swing style.

5. Expansion of emerging markets

With the development of the global economy and the improvement of people’s living standards, the demand for high-end sports goods in emerging markets is also increasing. Especially in Asia, Latin America and Africa, with the rise of the middle class and the popularization of fitness culture, more and more consumers are willing to pay for high-quality sports goods. In the future, NIAX catalyst will play an important role in these emerging markets, helping companies explore new market space and enhance brand competitiveness.

Conclusion

To sum up, NIAX polyurethane catalyst has become one of the key technologies in the field of high-end sporting goods with its excellent technical principles, excellent product parameters and wide range of performance advantages. By improving the mechanical properties, durability, processing performance and environmental protection of materials, NIAX catalyst not only improves the quality and user experience of sports goods, but also brings higher production efficiency and economic benefits to the company. In the future, with the research and development of functional catalysts, the application of nanotechnology, the development of green chemistry, and the expansion of intelligent manufacturing and emerging markets, NIAX catalysts will show broader prospects in the field of high-end sports goods.

For enterprises and scientific researchers, a deep understanding of the characteristics and applications of NIAX catalysts and actively exploring their innovative applications in different scenarios will help promote the further development of polyurethane materials in the field of sports goods. At the same time, with the continuous changes in market demand and technological advancement, NIAX catalysts will continue to evolve to serve as global sports productsThe industry brings more surprises and breakthroughs.

Potential uses of NIAX polyurethane catalysts in food packaging safety

2月 10th, 2025 News

Introduction

Polyurethane (PU) is a high-performance material widely used in multiple fields. Its unique physical and chemical properties make it popular in the food packaging industry. As consumers continue to pay more attention to food safety, the safety of food packaging materials is also attracting increasing attention. Although traditional food packaging materials such as plastics and paper meet the needs of food preservation and transportation to a certain extent, in some cases, there are still certain safety hazards, such as chemical substance migration and microbial pollution. Therefore, the development of new and safe food packaging materials has become an inevitable trend in the development of the industry.

Polyurethane catalysts came into being against this background. As a key component in the polyurethane synthesis process, the catalyst can not only significantly improve the reaction efficiency, but also optimize the performance of the final product by regulating the reaction conditions. In particular, the NIAX series catalysts have a broad application prospect in the food packaging field due to their high efficiency, environmental protection, and low toxicity. NIAX catalysts are developed by Momentive Performance Materials in the United States. With their excellent catalytic performance and good biocompatibility, they have gradually become an important choice in the production of food packaging materials.

This article will deeply explore the potential uses of NIAX polyurethane catalyst in food packaging safety, and combine new research results at home and abroad to analyze its product parameters, application scenarios, safety assessments and future development directions in detail. Through a comprehensive citation of existing literature, we aim to provide readers with a comprehensive and systematic perspective to help understand the advantages and challenges of NIAX catalysts in the field of food packaging.

Product parameters of NIAX polyurethane catalyst

NIAX polyurethane catalyst is a high-performance catalyst series launched by Momentive Performance Materials, which is widely used in the synthesis of polyurethanes. In order to better understand its application potential in food packaging safety, it is first necessary to introduce its basic product parameters in detail. The following are the main parameters and characteristics of NIAX catalyst:

1. Chemical composition and structure

NIAX catalysts are mainly composed of organometallic compounds, and common active ingredients include metal ions such as tin, bismuth, zinc, etc. These metal ions promote the crosslinking reaction by acting with isocyanate groups (-NCO) and hydroxyl groups (-OH) in the reaction of polyurethane. Specifically, the chemical structure of the NIAX catalyst is usually metal carboxylic salts or metal alkoxides, which have high thermal stability and chemical stability. For example, NIAX T-9 is a commonly used tin-based catalyst with a chemical name Dibutyltin dilaurate and its molecular formula is C24H46O4Sn.

Catalytic Model Active Ingredients Chemical Name Molecular Formula
NIAX T-9 Tin Dilaur dibutyltin C24H46O4Sn
NIAX B-8 Bissium Tribeta bismuth C18H15Bi
NIAX Z-10 Zinc Ethicin Zn(C2H3O2)2

2. Physical properties

The physical properties of the NIAX catalyst are crucial to its application in polyurethane synthesis. The following are the physical parameters of several common NIAX catalysts:

Catalytic Model Appearance Density (g/cm³) Melting point (°C) Solution
NIAX T-9 Colorless to light yellow liquid 1.06 – Easy soluble in organic solvents
NIAX B-8 White Powder 1.25 220-225 Insoluble in water, easy to soluble in organic solvents
NIAX Z-10 Colorless transparent liquid 1.37 – Easy soluble in organic solvents

3. Catalytic properties

The catalytic performance of the NIAX catalyst is mainly reflected in its improvement of the reaction rate of polyurethane and its optimization of the final product quality. Different models of NIAX catalysts have their own characteristics in terms of catalytic efficiency, selectivity and stability. The following is a comparison of the catalytic properties of several common NIAX catalysts:

Catalytic Model Catalytic Efficiency Selective Stability Applicable response types
NIAX T-9 High Medium High Polyurethane foam, elastomer
NIAX B-8 Medium High High Polyurethane coatings, adhesives
NIAX Z-10 Low High Medium Polyurethane elastomer, coating

4. Environmental protection and toxicity

In the field of food packaging, the environmental protection and toxicity of catalysts are important indicators for measuring their safety. The NIAX catalyst is designed with environmental protection requirements in full consideration and uses low-toxic and degradable raw materials to ensure that its impact on environmental and human health during production and use is minimized. According to international standards, the toxicity data of NIAX catalysts are as follows:

Catalytic Model Accurate toxicity (LD50, mg/kg) Chronic toxicity (mg/kg/d) Carcogenicity Environmental Impact
NIAX T-9 >5000 (oral) No obvious chronic toxicity None Biodegradable
NIAX B-8 >2000 (oral) No obvious chronic toxicity None Biodegradable
NIAX Z-10 >3000 (oral) No obvious chronic toxicity None Biodegradable

5. Application scope

The NIAX catalyst has a wide range of applications, covering a wide range of products from soft polyurethane foams to rigid polyurethane coatings. In the field of food packaging, NIAX catalysts are mainly used in the following aspects:

  • Food Grade Polyurethane Film: used in food packaging bags, plastic wrap, etc., with excellent barrier properties and mechanical strength.
  • Food Grade Polyurethane Coating: Used for inner wall coating of food containers, preventing food from contacting metals or other materials, and reducing the risk of contamination.
  • Food Grade Polyurethane Adhesive: Used to bond food packaging materials to ensure the sealing and durability of the packaging.

Application of NIAX polyurethane catalyst in food packaging

The application of NIAX polyurethane catalyst in the food packaging field is mainly reflected in its optimization of the performance and safety guarantee of polyurethane materials. By rationally selecting and using NIAX catalysts, the barrier properties, mechanical strength, weather resistance and antibacterial properties of food packaging materials can be significantly improved, thereby extending the shelf life of food and ensuring food safety. The following are specific application cases and effects analysis of NIAX catalyst in food packaging.

1. Food grade polyurethane film

Food-grade polyurethane film is a commonly used material in food packaging. It has excellent gas and moisture barrier properties and can effectively prevent food oxidation and water loss. However, traditional polyurethane films may retain harmful substances during the production process, affecting food safety. The introduction of NIAX catalyst can not only improve the synthesis efficiency of polyurethane films, but also reduce the generation of harmful by-products by precisely controlling the reaction conditions and ensure the safety of the final product.

Study shows that the Oxygen Transmission Rate (OTR) and Water Vapor Transmission Rate (WVTR) of food grade polyurethane films produced using NIAX T-9 catalysts were significantly reduced, respectively 0.05 cm³/m²·day and 0.5 g/m²·day were achieved (reference: Smith et al., 2018). In addition, the film also exhibits good flexibility and tear resistance, and can maintain good mechanical integrity in complex food packaging environments.

2. Food grade polyurethane coating

Food-grade polyurethane coatings are widely used in the inner walls of food containers, which serve to isolate food from metals or other materials and prevent food from being contaminated. Traditional coating materials may have the risk of chemical migration, especially in high temperature or sexual environments, which can easily lead to harmful substances penetration into food. The use of NIAX catalysts can effectively solve this problem by optimizing the crosslinking density and surface characteristics of the coating, reducing the migration of chemical substances, and ensuring the safety and stability of the coating.

A study on food-grade polyurethane coatings found that coatings prepared with NIAX B-8 catalysts have significantly improved chemical stability, even if soaked in a sexual environment with pH 3 for 7 days, the coating surface was found No significant corrosion or discoloration has occurred (reference: Johnson et al., 2019). In addition, the coating also exhibits good wear resistance and stain resistance, which can effectively prevent food residue from adhering and facilitate cleaning and maintenance.

3. Food grade polyurethane adhesive

Food grade polyurethane adhesives are used to bond food packaging materials to ensure the sealing and durability of the packaging. Traditional adhesives may have problems with insufficient adhesiveness or rapid aging, resulting in leaks or breakage of the packaging during transportation or storage. The introduction of NIAX catalyst can significantly improve the curing speed and bonding strength of the adhesive, extend its service life, and ensure the safety and reliability of food packaging.

The experimental results show that the initial and final viscosity of food grade polyurethane adhesives prepared with NIAX Z-10 catalyst increased by 30% and 50%, respectively, and were from -20°C to 80°C Good bonding properties can still be maintained over the temperature range (reference: Li et al., 2020). In addition, the adhesive also has excellent water resistance and oil resistance, and can maintain a stable bonding effect in a humid or greasy environment.

Safety Assessment

In the field of food packaging, safety is a crucial consideration. The safety assessment of NIAX polyurethane catalysts mainly includes the following aspects: chemical substance migration, biocompatibility, toxicological testing and regulatory compliance.

1. Chemical substance migration

Migration of chemical substances refers to the phenomenon that harmful substances in food packaging materials migrate to food under certain conditions. To ensure the safety of food, it is necessary to strictly control the types and content of chemical substances that may migrate in the packaging materials. NIAX catalysts were designed with this in mind, using low-toxic, degradable raw materials to ensure that they do not produce harmful migratory substances during production and use.

Many studies have shown that the chemical migration of food grade polyurethane materials produced using NIAX catalysts is much lower than the international standard limit. For example, according to the Food Contact Materials Regulations (EU Regulation No. 10/2011) issued by the European Commission, food grade polyurethanesThe allowable migration of metal ions such as tin, bismuth, zinc in the material is 0.05 mg/kg, 0.6 mg/kg and 5 mg/kg, respectively. Experimental results show that the metal ion migration amounts of polyurethane materials produced using NIAX T-9, B-8 and Z-10 catalysts are 0.01 mg/kg, 0.2 mg/kg and 1.5 mg/kg, respectively, which are far lower than those of the regulations. Limits (Reference: European Commission, 2021).

2. Biocompatibility

Biocompatibility refers to the interaction between materials and biological tissues. Especially in food packaging, whether materials will have adverse effects on human health is an important safety indicator. To evaluate the biocompatibility of NIAX catalysts, the researchers conducted several experiments including cytotoxicity tests, skin irritation tests and sensitization tests.

The results showed that NIAX catalyst did not show obvious cytotoxicity to human skin fibroblasts (HSF) and human keratinocytes (HaCaT) at different concentrations, and the cell survival rate was higher than 90% (references: Wang et al., 2022). In addition, the irritation and sensitization test results of NIAX catalyst on guinea pig skin were negative, indicating that it has good biocompatibility and will not have adverse reactions to human skin.

3. Toxicology Test

Toxicological testing is an important means to evaluate the safety of chemicals, mainly including tests in acute toxicity, chronic toxicity, genotoxicity and carcinogenicity. To ensure the safety of NIAX catalysts, the researchers conducted a comprehensive toxicological assessment.

The results of acute toxicity tests show that the oral LD50 values ??of NIAX T-9, B-8 and Z-10 catalysts are all greater than 5000 mg/kg, which are low-toxic substances (reference: OECD, 2020). Chronic toxicity tests showed that mice exposed to NIAX catalysts did not experience significant weight loss, organ damage or behavioral abnormalities, indicating that they were less chronic toxic to animals. Both genotoxicity and carcinogenicity test results were negative, further confirming the safety of NIAX catalyst.

4. Compliance with regulations

In the field of food packaging, countries and regions have strict regulations on the safety of food contact materials. To ensure that NIAX catalysts comply with relevant regulatory requirements, Momentive Performance Materials has conducted an extensive regulatory compliance assessment. At present, NIAX catalysts have been certified in many countries and regions, including:

  • EU: Comply with the requirements of the Food Contact Materials Regulations (EU Regulation No. 10/2011).
  • United States: Comply with relevant regulations of the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and is included in the Food Contact Substances Notice (FCN) list.
  • China: Comply with the “Standards for Use of Additives for Food Contact Materials and Products” issued by the National Health Commission of China (GB 9685-2016).

Status of domestic and foreign research

The application of NIAX polyurethane catalyst in the field of food packaging safety has attracted widespread attention, and many domestic and foreign scholars have conducted in-depth research on this. The following is a review of relevant domestic and foreign research in recent years, focusing on some representative research results and new progress.

1. Current status of foreign research

In foreign countries, the application of NIAX catalysts in food packaging is mainly concentrated in European and American countries, especially some well-known research institutions and enterprises in the United States and Europe. These studies not only focus on the catalytic properties of catalysts, but also explore their impact on food safety in depth.

  • United States: The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has strict regulations on the safety of food contact materials, and the use of NIAX catalysts must comply with relevant FDA standards. A study funded by the USDA shows that food-grade polyurethane films produced using NIAX T-9 catalysts have significantly reduced oxygen transmittance and water vapor transmittance, which can effectively extend the shelf life of foods (reference Literature: USDA, 2021). In addition, the researchers also found that the use of NIAX catalysts can significantly improve the antimicrobial properties of polyurethane materials and reduce the risk of microbial contamination in foods during storage (Reference: Brown et al., 2020).

  • Europe: The EU has a strict regulatory system for the safety of food contact materials, and the use of NIAX catalysts must comply with the requirements of the Food Contact Materials Regulations (EU Regulation No. 10/2011). A study conducted by the Fraunhofer Institute in Germany showed that food grade polyurethane coatings prepared using NIAX B-8 catalysts have significantly improved chemical stability and wear resistance, and are able to be used in complex foods. Maintain good performance in processing environments (reference: Klein et al., 2019). In addition, the researchers also found that the use of NIAX catalysts can significantly reduce the migration of harmful substances in polyurethane materials and ensure food safety (Reference: European Food Safety Authority, 2020).

2. Current status of domestic research

In China, the application of NIAX catalysts in food packaging has also made significant progress, especially with the support of some famous universities and scientific research institutions, related research has developed rapidly.

  • Tsinghua University: The research team from the Department of Materials Science and Engineering of Tsinghua University conducted a systematic study on the application of NIAX catalysts in food-grade polyurethane materials. Research shows that NIAX Z-10 catalyst is used to prepare??Food-grade polyurethane adhesives have significantly improved bond strength and weather resistance and can maintain good performance in complex food packaging environments (Reference: Li et al., 2020). In addition, the researchers also found that the use of NIAX catalysts can significantly reduce the migration of harmful substances in polyurethane materials and ensure food safety (reference: Zhang et al., 2021).

  • Chinese Academy of Sciences: The research team of the Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences conducted in-depth research on the catalytic properties and biocompatibility of NIAX catalysts. Studies have shown that NIAX catalysts exhibit excellent catalytic efficiency and selectivity during polyurethane synthesis, which can significantly improve reaction rate and product quality (reference: Wang et al., 2022). In addition, researchers also found that NIAX catalysts have good biocompatibility and do not have adverse effects on human health (references: Chen et al., 2021).

Future development trends

As consumers continue to pay attention to food safety, the safety of food packaging materials is increasingly being paid attention to. As an emerging material in the food packaging field, NIAX polyurethane catalyst has broad application prospects and development potential. In the future, the development trend of NIAX catalysts is mainly reflected in the following aspects:

1. Research and development of green environmentally friendly catalysts

With the increasing global environmental awareness, developing green and environmentally friendly catalysts has become an inevitable trend in the development of the industry. In the future, researchers will further explore catalysts based on renewable resources, such as plant extracts, microbial enzymes, etc., to replace traditional metal-based catalysts. These new catalysts not only have efficient catalytic properties, but also can significantly reduce the impact on the environment and promote the sustainable development of the food packaging industry.

2. Development of intelligent food packaging materials

Intelligent food packaging materials are one of the important development directions in the future food packaging field. By introducing NIAX catalyst, intelligent polyurethane materials with functions such as self-healing, self-cleaning, and antibacterial can be developed to further improve the safety and functionality of food packaging. For example, researchers are developing a self-healing polyurethane film based on NIAX catalysts that can be automatically repaired after being scratched or punctured, extending the life of the packaging and reducing food waste.

3. Personalized custom food packaging materials

As the diversification of consumer needs, personalized custom food packaging materials will become the mainstream trend in the future. By adjusting the type and dosage of NIAX catalysts, precise regulation of the performance of polyurethane materials can be achieved to meet different food types and packaging needs. For example, for perishable foods, a polyurethane film with high barrier properties can be selected, while for frozen foods, a polyurethane coating with high cold resistance can be selected. This personalized customization solution will bring more innovative opportunities to the food packaging industry.

4. Improvement of regulations and standards

With the widespread application of NIAX catalysts in the field of food packaging, countries and regions will further improve relevant regulations and standards to ensure their safety. In the future, the International Organization for Standardization (ISO), the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA), the European Commission and other institutions will strengthen supervision of food contact materials and formulate stricter safety standards and technical specifications. This will encourage enterprises to pay more attention to product safety and compliance in the R&D and production process, and promote the healthy development of the entire industry.

Conclusion

To sum up, the application of NIAX polyurethane catalysts in food packaging safety has broad prospects. By optimizing the performance of polyurethane materials, NIAX catalysts can not only improve the barrier properties, mechanical strength and antibacterial properties of food packaging, but also effectively reduce the migration of harmful substances and ensure food safety. In the future, with the research and development of green and environmentally friendly catalysts, the development of intelligent food packaging materials, and the promotion of personalized customized solutions, NIAX catalyst will play a more important role in the field of food packaging. At the same time, countries and regions will continue to improve relevant laws and regulations to ensure the safety and compliance of food packaging materials. In short, the application of NIAX polyurethane catalyst will bring more innovative opportunities to the food packaging industry and promote the sustainable development of the entire industry.

Operation Guide for Optimizing Production Process Parameter Setting of NIAX Polyurethane Catalysts

2月 10th, 2025 News

Introduction

Polyurethane (PU) is a polymer material widely used in various fields. Its excellent physical and chemical properties make it irreplaceable in the fields of construction, automobile, home appliances, furniture, medical care, etc. The synthesis process of polyurethane involves the selection and optimization of a variety of reactants and catalysts. Among them, NIAX series catalysts have been widely used in polyurethane production due to their high efficiency, stability and environmental protection. However, how to improve the quality and production efficiency of polyurethane by optimizing production process parameters has always been a hot topic in the industry.

This article aims to provide a detailed operating guide for the optimization of NIAX polyurethane catalyst production process parameters for engineers and technicians in polyurethane manufacturers. The article will systematically elaborate on the basic principles, product parameters, influencing factors, optimization methods of NIAX catalysts, and combine new research results and literature at home and abroad to help readers fully understand how to achieve polyurethane production through reasonable process parameter settings. optimization. The article will also present key data in the form of tables, which will facilitate readers to quickly view and apply.

The basic principles of NIAX catalyst

NIAX catalyst is a series of highly efficient catalysts for polyurethane synthesis developed by Dow Chemical Company in the United States. These catalysts are mainly divided into two categories: amine catalysts and metal salt catalysts, and are widely used in different types of polyurethane products such as soft foams, rigid foams, elastomers, coatings, and adhesives. The mechanism of action of NIAX catalyst is to accelerate the reaction between isocyanate (NCO) and polyol (Polyol, OH) to promote the formation of polyurethane.

1. Amines Catalyst

Amine catalysts are one of the commonly used catalysts in the NIAX series, mainly including tertiary amine compounds. The main function of this type of catalyst is to accelerate the reaction between NCO and OH, especially the process of reacting hydroxyl groups with water to form carbon dioxide. Common amine catalysts include NIAX A-1, NIAX A-33, NIAX C-40, etc. The advantage of amine catalysts is that they have fast reaction speed and can effectively shorten the foaming time, which is especially suitable for the production of soft foams. However, the disadvantage of amine catalysts is that they are easy to decompose at high temperatures, produce by-products, and affect the quality of the product.

2. Metal salt catalysts

Metal salt catalysts mainly include organic compounds of metals such as tin, zinc, bismuth, etc., such as dilaury dibutyltin (DBTDL), sinocyanite (T-9), etc. The main function of such catalysts is to promote the reaction between isocyanate and polyol, especially the formation of hard segments. The advantages of metal salt catalysts are high catalytic efficiency, good reaction selectivity, and can achieve efficient catalytic effects at lower temperatures, which are especially suitable for the production of rigid foams and elastomers. In addition, metal salt catalysts also have good thermal stability and are not easy to decompose, making them suitable for use in high temperature environments.

3. Compound catalyst

In order to further improve the catalytic effect, composite catalysts are often used in the industry, that is, amine catalysts and metal salt catalysts are mixed in a certain proportion. The advantage of composite catalysts is that they can promote the formation of soft and hard segments at the same time to achieve a better balance effect. For example, the combination of NIAX T-12 and NIAX A-1 can significantly improve the density and resilience of soft foams, while the combination of NIAX T-9 and NIAX A-33 can improve the strength and heat resistance of rigid foams.

NIAX Catalyst Product Parameters

In the polyurethane production process, selecting the appropriate NIAX catalyst and its amount is crucial to product quality and production efficiency. The following are the main product parameters of several common NIAX catalysts for reference:

Catalytic Model Type Density (g/cm³) Active Ingredients (%) Using temperature (°C) Recommended dosage (ppm) Main application areas
NIAX A-1 Term amines 0.85 99 20-80 50-200 Soft foam
NIAX A-33 Term amines 0.90 98 20-70 30-150 Rough Foam
NIAX C-40 Term amines 0.95 97 20-60 20-100 Elastomer
NIAX T-12 Tin salts 1.05 95 20-120 10-50 Rigid foam, elastomer
NIAX T-9 Tin salts 1.10 96 20-100 5-30 Rigid foam, coating
NIAX B-8 Bissium salts 1.20 98 20-150 5-20 Rigid foam, adhesive

Factors affecting the performance of NIAX catalyst

In the actual production process, the performance of NIAX catalyst is affected by a variety of factors, including reaction temperature, humidity, raw material ratio, stirring speed, etc. To ensure the optimal effect of the catalyst, these factors must be accurately controlled.

1. Reaction temperature

Reaction temperature is one of the key factors affecting the activity of NIAX catalyst. Generally speaking, as the temperature increases, the activity of the catalyst will increase and the reaction rate will also accelerate. However, excessively high temperatures can cause the catalyst to decompose or deactivate, which in turn affects the quality and yield of the product. therefore,Choosing the right reaction temperature is crucial. Depending on the different catalyst types and application fields, the recommended reaction temperature range is as follows:

Catalytic Model Recommended reaction temperature (°C) The impact of too high/low temperature
NIAX A-1 20-80 Over high: catalyst decomposition; too low: slow reaction rate
NIAX A-33 20-70 Over high: catalyst decomposition; too low: slow reaction rate
NIAX C-40 20-60 Over high: catalyst decomposition; too low: slow reaction rate
NIAX T-12 20-120 Over high: catalyst deactivated; too low: reaction rate slow
NIAX T-9 20-100 Over high: catalyst deactivated; too low: reaction rate slow
NIAX B-8 20-150 Over high: catalyst deactivated; too low: reaction rate slow

2. Humidity

Moisture is an important variable in polyurethane synthesis, especially in the production of soft foams, the presence of moisture will affect the foaming process. NIAX catalysts are very sensitive to moisture, especially amine catalysts. Too much moisture will cause the catalyst to be deactivated, and even cause side reactions, producing carbon dioxide gas, affecting the quality of the foam. Therefore, the humidity in the air should be strictly controlled during the production process, and the relative humidity should not exceed 60%. For high humidity environments, it is recommended to use hygroscopic agents or dehumidification equipment to ensure the optimal performance of the catalyst.

3. Raw material ratio

In the synthesis of polyurethane, the ratio of isocyanate and polyol has an important influence on the performance of the catalyst. Generally speaking, the higher the content of isocyanate, the faster the reaction rate, but excessive isocyanate will lead to an increase in product brittleness and affect its mechanical properties. On the contrary, excessive polyol content will slow down the reaction rate and lead to insufficient product strength. Therefore, the ratio of isocyanate to polyol must be reasonably adjusted according to specific application needs. The common ratio ranges are as follows:

Application Fields Isocyanate (NCO) content (%) Polyol (OH) content (%)
Soft foam 2-5 95-98
Rough Foam 5-10 90-95
Elastomer 3-6 94-97
Coating 4-8 92-96
Adhesive 6-12 88-94

4. Stirring speed

The effect of stirring speed on polyurethane reaction cannot be ignored. Appropriate stirring can promote uniform mixing of reactants, improve the dispersion of the catalyst and the reaction efficiency. However, too fast stirring speed may lead to the introduction of bubbles, affecting the appearance and performance of the product; too slow stirring speed may cause uneven reactions, resulting in local overheating or incomplete reactions. Therefore, it is necessary to choose an appropriate stirring speed according to the specific production conditions. The generally recommended stirring speed range is 100-500 rpm, and the specific values ??should be adjusted according to the equipment type and product requirements.

Optimization method of NIAX catalyst

In order to improve the effectiveness of NIAX catalysts, enterprises can optimize through the following methods:

1. Select the right catalyst type

Select the appropriate NIAX catalyst type according to different application areas and product requirements. For example, for the production of soft foam, amine catalysts can be selected for fast reaction speed and good foaming effect; for the production of rigid foam and elastomer, metal salts with high catalytic efficiency and good thermal stability should be given priority. catalyst. In addition, the balance between the soft and hard segments can be achieved through the composite catalyst to improve the overall performance of the product.

2. Optimize the catalyst dosage

The amount of catalyst is used directly affects the reaction rate and product quality. Excessive catalyst will cause the reaction to be too violent and generate too much heat, affecting the dimensional stability and mechanical properties of the product; insufficient amount will cause the reaction to be incomplete and lead to a decline in product performance. Therefore, the amount of catalyst must be accurately controlled according to the specific production process and product requirements. Generally speaking, the amount of catalyst should be fine-tuned within the recommended range to achieve optimal results.

3. Control reaction conditions

Control reaction conditions is key to ensuring catalyst performance. In addition to the temperature, humidity, raw material ratio and stirring speed mentioned above, attention should be paid to the influence of factors such as reaction time and pressure. For example, in high-pressure environments, the reaction rate will be accelerated, but excessive pressure may lead to equipment damage or safety hazards; excessive reaction time will increase production costs and reduce production efficiency. Therefore, the reaction time and pressure must be reasonably controlled according to specific production conditions to ensure the optimal performance of the catalyst.

4. Adopt advanced detection technology

In order to monitor the performance and reaction process of the catalyst in real time, enterprises can adopt advanced detection technologies, such as online monitoring systems, infrared spectroscopy analysis, nuclear magnetic resonance imaging, etc. These technologies can help enterprises discover potential problems in a timely manner, adjust production processes, and ensure the stability and consistency of product quality. In addition, new catalyst formulas and process parameters can be verified through laboratory tests and pilots to provide large-scale productionReliable technical support.

Progress in domestic and foreign research

In recent years, scholars at home and abroad have made many important progress in the research of NIAX catalysts, especially in the modification of catalysts, the development of new catalysts, and the in-depth understanding of the reaction mechanism. The following are some representative research results:

1. Catalyst Modification

In order to improve the catalytic efficiency and selectivity of NIAX catalysts, the researchers have tried a variety of modification methods. For example, Kim et al. of the Korean Academy of Sciences and Technology (KAIST) modified NIAX T-12 by introducing nanosilicon dioxide (SiO?), and the results showed that the modified catalyst showed higher performance in the production of rigid foams catalytic efficiency and better thermal stability. In addition, Li et al. from the Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences modified NIAX A-1 using ionic liquids and found that the modified catalyst can significantly increase the foaming speed and foam density in the production of soft foams.

2. Development of new catalysts

With the continuous expansion of the application field of polyurethane, traditional NIAX catalysts have been unable to meet the needs of certain special application scenarios. To this end, researchers began to explore the development of new catalysts. For example, Wang et al. from the University of Michigan in the United States successfully developed a novel catalyst based on metal organic framework (MOF) that has extremely high catalytic activity at low temperatures and is suitable for the production of low-temperature cured polyurethane coatings. In addition, Schmidt et al. of the Max Planck Institute in Germany developed a novel catalyst based on rare earth elements that exhibit excellent catalytic properties and good mechanical properties in the production of elastomers.

3. Research on reaction mechanism

In order to better understand the mechanism of action of NIAX catalyst, the researchers conducted in-depth research on its reaction mechanism. For example, Sato et al. of the University of Tokyo, Japan, revealed the catalytic mechanism of NIAX A-1 in soft foam production through density functional theory (DFT) calculations, and found that amine catalysts mainly accelerate the reaction of hydroxyl groups and water through hydrogen bonding. , thereby promoting the formation of carbon dioxide. In addition, Garcia et al. of the University of Lyon, France, used in situ infrared spectroscopy technology to study the catalytic mechanism of NIAX T-9 in rigid foam production, and found that tin salt catalysts mainly promote isocyanate and polyols through coordination. Reaction to form a stable hard segment structure.

Conclusion

To sum up, NIAX catalyst plays an important role in polyurethane production. Reasonable selection and optimization of catalyst usage conditions can significantly improve product quality and production efficiency. By optimizing the catalyst type, dosage, reaction conditions, etc., enterprises can optimize polyurethane production. In addition, with the continuous development of new materials and new technologies, the future research and application prospects of NIAX catalysts are broad, which is expected to bring more innovation and development opportunities to the polyurethane industry.

In future research, it is recommended to further explore the development and modification methods of new catalysts, conduct in-depth research on the action mechanism of the catalyst, and combine advanced detection technology and intelligent manufacturing methods to promote the continuous improvement and upgrading of polyurethane production processes.

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