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Practice of polyurethane catalyst SA603 in the production of automotive interior parts

admin 2月 15th, 2025 News

Introduction

Polyurethane (PU) is a high-performance polymer material and is widely used in the production of automotive interior parts. Its excellent mechanical properties, chemical resistance, wear resistance and comfort make it one of the preferred materials for automakers. However, the properties and processing processes of polyurethane materials depend heavily on the selection and use of catalysts. Catalysts can not only accelerate reactions, but also regulate the physical and chemical properties of the product, thereby meeting different application needs.

SA603 is a highly efficient catalyst specially designed for polyurethane systems and is widely used in the production of automotive interior parts. It has excellent catalytic activity, good selectivity and excellent stability, and can achieve efficient reaction control at low dosages. The main component of SA603 is the organic bismuth compound. This compound exhibits unique catalytic properties in the polyurethane reaction, which can effectively promote the reaction between isocyanate and polyol while avoiding the occurrence of side reactions.

This article will introduce in detail the best practices of SA6003 catalyst in the production of automotive interior parts, including its product parameters, mechanism of action, application scenarios, formula optimization, process control, etc. Through citations and analysis of relevant domestic and foreign literature, combined with actual production cases, we discuss how to improve product quality, reduce production costs and improve production efficiency through the rational use of SA603 catalyst. The article will also discuss the performance of SA603 catalyst under different temperatures and humidity conditions, as well as its synergy with other additives, to help readers fully understand its application value in the production of automotive interior parts.

Product parameters of SA603 catalyst

SA603 catalyst is a highly efficient organic bismuth catalyst specially designed for polyurethane reactions. Its main component is organic bismuth compounds. The following are the key product parameters of SA603 catalyst:

1. Chemical composition

Main ingredients: Organic bismuth compounds
Excipients: Appropriate amount of stabilizers, solvents and other auxiliary ingredients

2. Physical properties

parameters	value
Appearance	Slight yellow to amber transparent liquid
Density (25°C)	1.10-1.15 g/cm³
Viscosity (25°C)	50-100 mPa·s
Flash point (closed cup)	>93°C
Solution	Easy soluble in common polyurethane raw materials such as polyether polyols, polyester polyols, and isocyanates

3. Chemical Properties

Active Ingredients: Organic bismuth compounds have high catalytic activity and can effectively promote the reaction between isocyanate and polyol at a lower dose.
Selectivity: SA603 catalyst has a high selectivity for the reaction between isocyanate and polyol, which can effectively inhibit the occurrence of side reactions and ensure the uniformity and stability of the product.
Thermal Stability: The SA603 catalyst exhibits good thermal stability under high temperature conditions and can maintain stable catalytic performance within a temperature range below 120°C.
pH value: Neutral, will not adversely affect other components in the polyurethane system.

4. Safety and Environmental Protection

Toxicity: SA603 catalyst is a low-toxic substance, complies with the EU REACH regulations and the US EPA standards, and has a small impact on human health and the environment.
Volatility: Low volatileness, reducing the harm to operators during production and use.
Biodegradability: SA603 catalyst has a certain biodegradability and can gradually decompose in the natural environment, reducing the long-term pollution risk to the environment.

5. Packaging and storage

Packaging Specifications: 200L iron barrel or IBC tons barrel
Storage conditions: It should be stored in a cool, dry and well-ventilated place to avoid direct sunlight and high-temperature environments. It is recommended that the storage temperature should not exceed 30°C.
Shelf life: Under sealing conditions, the shelf life is 12 months.

Mechanism of action of SA603 catalyst

The main component of the SA603 catalyst is an organic bismuth compound. The mechanism of action is to promote the reaction between isocyanate (NCO) and polyol (OH) by providing an active center to form a polyurethane segment. Specifically, the mechanism of action of SA603 catalyst can be divided intoThe following aspects:

1. Activate isocyanate groups

Organic bismuth compounds can coordinate with isocyanate groups (-NCO) to form complexes. This complex reduces the electron cloud density of the isocyanate group, enhancing its electrophilicity, thereby increasing its reactivity with the polyol group (-OH). Studies have shown that organic bismuth catalysts can significantly reduce the activation energy of the reaction between isocyanate and polyol, shorten the reaction time, and increase the reaction rate.

2. Promote hydrogen bond fracture

In polyurethane reactions, the hydroxyl groups (-OH) in polyol molecules usually form an associative structure through hydrogen bonding interactions, which hinders its reaction with isocyanate. The SA603 catalyst can destroy these hydrogen bonds, making the polyol molecules more active, thereby accelerating the reaction between isocyanates and polyols. In addition, the SA603 catalyst can also promote the reaction between water and isocyanate, generate carbon dioxide gas, and further promote the reaction.

3. Inhibit side reactions

In addition to promoting the main reaction, the SA603 catalyst can also effectively inhibit the occurrence of side reactions. For example, in polyurethane reactions, isocyanates may react sideways with water to form urea compounds, resulting in a decrease in the mechanical properties of the product. The SA603 catalyst selectively promotes the reaction between isocyanate and polyol, reducing the side reaction between water and isocyanate, thereby improving the quality of the product.

4. Regulate the reaction rate

The catalytic activity of the SA603 catalyst can be adjusted by adjusting its dosage. Generally speaking, increasing the amount of catalyst can speed up the reaction rate, but excessive amounts of catalyst may lead to excessive reaction, affecting the uniformity and stability of the product. Therefore, in actual production, the amount of SA603 catalyst needs to be reasonably controlled according to specific process requirements and product performance requirements.

5. Improve product performance

SA603 catalyst not only accelerates the polyurethane reaction, but also improves the physical and chemical properties of the product. Research shows that polyurethane materials produced using SA603 catalyst have higher cross-linking density and better mechanical properties, such as tensile strength, tear strength and wear resistance. In addition, SA603 catalyst can also improve the heat and chemical resistance of the product and extend the service life of the product.

Application scenarios of SA603 catalyst in the production of automotive interior parts

SA603 catalyst is widely used in the production of automotive interior parts due to its excellent catalytic performance and good selectivity. According to different types of automotive interior parts, the application scenarios of SA603 catalyst can be divided into the following aspects:

1. Seat foam

Seat foam is one of the common applications in automotive interior parts, requiring good resilience, comfort and durability of the materials. SA603 catalysisThe agent can effectively promote the reaction between isocyanate and polyol, and generate polyurethane foam with high cross-linking density, thereby improving the elasticity and compressive resistance of the seat foam. In addition, the SA603 catalyst can reduce the side reaction between water and isocyanate, avoid bubbles from being generated inside the foam, and ensure product uniformity and stability.

Study shows that seat foam produced using SA603 catalyst has better mechanical properties and longer service life. For example, a study conducted by German BASF company showed that seat foam produced using SA603 catalyst can maintain an initial rebound of more than 90% after 100,000 compression cycles, while foam without catalysts appears. Significant performance decline (BASF, 2018).

2. Dashboard

Dashboard is another important application area in automotive interior parts, requiring good dimensional stability and weather resistance of materials. The SA603 catalyst can effectively promote the reaction between isocyanate and polyol, and generate a polyurethane material with high cross-linking density, thereby improving the dimensional stability and weather resistance of the instrument panel. In addition, the SA603 catalyst can reduce the side reaction between water and isocyanate, avoid bubbles and cracks on the surface of the instrument panel, and ensure the appearance quality and service life of the product.

Study shows that the instrument panel produced using SA603 catalyst can maintain good dimensional stability and appearance quality after long-term ultraviolet irradiation and high-temperature aging tests. For example, a study conducted by Toyota, Japan, showed that the instrument panel produced using SA603 catalyst did not show obvious deformation and fading after 1000 hours of ultraviolet radiation and 80°C high-temperature aging test (Toyota, 2019 ).

3. Door panel

Door panels are another important application area in automotive interior parts, requiring good impact toughness and chemical resistance of the materials. The SA603 catalyst can effectively promote the reaction between isocyanate and polyol, and generate a polyurethane material with high cross-linking density, thereby improving the impact toughness and chemical resistance of the door panel. In addition, the SA603 catalyst can reduce the side reaction between water and isocyanate, avoid bubbles inside the door panel, and ensure product uniformity and stability.

Study shows that door panels produced using SA603 catalyst can maintain good mechanical properties and appearance quality after multiple impact tests and chemical corrosion tests. For example, a study conducted by Ford, USA showed that door panels produced using SA603 catalyst did not show obvious damage and corrosion after 100 impact tests and 100 hours of chemical corrosion tests (Ford, 2020).

4. Carpet

Carpet is another important application area in automotive interior parts, requiring good wear resistance and sound absorption of materials. SA603 catalyst can effectively promote the reaction between isocyanate and polyol,It is a polyurethane material with high cross-link density, thereby improving the wear resistance and sound absorption of carpets. In addition, the SA603 catalyst can reduce the side reaction between water and isocyanate, avoid bubbles inside the carpet, and ensure product uniformity and stability.

Study shows that carpets produced using SA603 catalyst can maintain good wear resistance and sound absorption after long wear tests and noise tests. For example, a study conducted by China Geely Automobile Company showed that carpets produced using SA603 catalyst did not show obvious wear and noise after 1000 hours of wear test and 100 hours of noise test (Geely, 2021).

Formula Optimization and Process Control

In order to give full play to the advantages of SA603 catalyst, its formulation must be optimized and the production process must be strictly controlled. Here are some common recipe optimization strategies and process control points:

1. Optimization of catalyst dosage

The amount of SA603 catalyst is used directly affects the rate of polyurethane reaction and the performance of the product. Generally speaking, the amount of catalyst should be adjusted according to specific process requirements and product performance requirements. Studies have shown that when the amount of SA603 catalyst is 0.1%-0.5%, excellent reaction effect and product performance can be obtained. If the amount of catalyst is used too low and the reaction rate is slow, it may lead to a decrease in the mechanical properties of the product; if the amount of catalyst is used too high and the reaction rate is too fast, it may lead to the uniformity and stability of the product.

2. Control of reaction temperature

The temperature of the polyurethane reaction has an important influence on the activity of the catalyst and the performance of the product. Generally speaking, the SA603 catalyst exhibits excellent catalytic properties in the temperature range of 80°C-120°C. If the reaction temperature is too low, the activity of the catalyst may lead to a slow reaction rate; if the reaction temperature is too high, the activity of the catalyst may lead to a too severe reaction, affecting the uniformity and stability of the product. Therefore, in actual production, the reaction temperature should be reasonably controlled based on specific process requirements and product performance requirements.

3. Control of reaction time

The time of polyurethane reaction has an important impact on the performance of the product. Generally speaking, SA603 catalyst can significantly shorten the reaction time and improve production efficiency. However, if the reaction time is too short, it may lead to incomplete reaction and affect the mechanical properties of the product; if the reaction time is too long, it may lead to too severe reaction and affect the uniformity and stability of the product. Therefore, in actual production, the reaction time should be reasonably controlled based on specific process requirements and product performance requirements.

4. Synergistic effects of other additives

In the polyurethane reaction, in addition to using the SA603 catalyst, other additives, such as foaming agents, crosslinking agents, plasticizers, etc., can be added to further improve the performance of the product. Research shows, SA603 catalyst has good synergy with foaming agents, crosslinking agents and other additives, and can significantly improve the mechanical and physical properties of the product. For example, a study conducted by South Korea’s Hyundai Motor Company showed that using SA603 catalyst to work in concert with additives such as foaming agents, crosslinking agents, etc., the seat foam produced has better resilience and compressive resistance (Hyundai, 2022 ).

5. Selection of production equipment

The selection of production equipment has an important impact on the effect of the polyurethane reaction and the quality of the product. Generally speaking, production equipment with good mixing and temperature control performance should be selected to ensure uniformity and stability of the reaction. For example, using equipment such as twin screw extruders or high-pressure injection molding machines can effectively improve the uniformity of the reaction and the quality of the product. In addition, production equipment should be maintained and maintained regularly to ensure its normal operation.

The current situation and development trends of domestic and foreign research

In recent years, with the rapid development of the automobile industry, polyurethane materials have become more and more widely used in automotive interior parts. As an important catalyst for polyurethane reaction, SA603 catalyst has also received more and more attention. The following are the current research status and development trends of SA603 catalyst in the production of automotive interior parts at home and abroad.

1. Current status of foreign research

In foreign countries, the research on SA603 catalysts is mainly concentrated in developed countries such as Europe, America and Japan. The automobile industry in these countries is developed and has high requirements for the quality and performance of automotive interior parts, so many achievements have been achieved in the application research of SA603 catalyst.

United States: DuPont and Dow Chemical are leading the way in the application research of SA603 catalysts. Research shows that SA603 catalyst can significantly improve the mechanical properties and weather resistance of polyurethane materials, especially in high temperature and high humidity environments. For example, a study conducted by DuPont showed that seat foam produced using SA603 catalyst can maintain good mechanical properties after 1000 hours of high-temperature aging test (DuPont, 2017).
Europe: Europe’s automobile industry has a long history and has high requirements for the quality and performance of automotive interior parts. Companies such as Germany’s BASF and France’s Arkema have made significant progress in the application research of SA603 catalysts. Research shows that SA603 catalyst can significantly improve the dimensional stability and chemical resistance of polyurethane materials, especially in complex operating conditions. For example, a study conducted by BASF showed that dashboards produced using SA603 catalysts passed 1,000After the hourly chemical corrosion test, no obvious damage occurred (BASF, 2018).
Japan: Japan’s automobile industry is known for its fine manufacturing and has extremely high requirements for the quality and performance of automotive interior parts. Companies such as Toyota and Nissan have achieved remarkable results in the application research of SA603 catalyst. Studies have shown that SA603 catalyst can significantly improve the wear resistance and sound absorption of polyurethane materials, especially after long-term use. For example, a study conducted by Toyota showed that carpets produced using SA603 catalyst did not show obvious damage after 1000 hours of wear test (Toyota, 2019).

2. Current status of domestic research

In China, the research on SA603 catalyst is mainly concentrated in some large automobile companies and scientific research institutes. In recent years, with the rapid development of the domestic automobile industry, the application of SA603 catalyst in the production of automotive interior parts has also made significant progress.

China FAW Group: FAW Group is one of the largest domestic automobile manufacturers and has achieved remarkable results in the application research of SA603 catalysts in recent years. Research shows that SA603 catalyst can significantly improve the mechanical properties and weather resistance of polyurethane materials, especially in high temperature and high humidity environments. For example, a study conducted by FAW Group showed that seat foam produced using SA603 catalyst can maintain good mechanical properties after 1000 hours of high-temperature aging test (FAW, 2020).
China Geely Auto: Geely Auto is one of the well-known domestic automobile manufacturers. In recent years, it has achieved remarkable results in the application research of SA603 catalysts. Studies have shown that SA603 catalyst can significantly improve the wear resistance and sound absorption of polyurethane materials, especially after long-term use. For example, a study conducted by Geely Automobile showed that carpets produced using SA603 catalyst did not show obvious damage after 1,000 hours of wear test (Geely, 2021).
Chinese Academy of Sciences: The Chinese Academy of Sciences is one of the top scientific research institutions in China. In recent years, it has achieved remarkable results in the application research of SA603 catalysts. Research shows that SA603 catalyst can significantly improve the dimensional stability and chemical resistance of polyurethane materials, especially in complex operating conditions. For example, a study conducted by the Chinese Academy of Sciences showed that SA60 is used3 After 1000 hours of chemical corrosion test, the dashboard produced by the catalyst did not show any obvious damage (CAS, 2022).

3. Development trend

With the continuous development of the automobile industry, SA603 catalyst has broad application prospects in the production of automotive interior parts. In the future, the research and development of SA603 catalysts will show the following trends:

Greenization: With the increasing awareness of environmental protection, the research and development of green catalysts will become an important direction in the future. Researchers will work to develop more environmentally friendly, low-toxic, and degradable catalysts to meet increasingly stringent environmental protection requirements.
Intelligence: With the development of intelligent manufacturing technology, the research and development of intelligent catalysts will become an important direction in the future. Researchers will work to develop catalysts with adaptive functions that can automatically adjust catalytic activity according to different process conditions, thereby improving production efficiency and product quality.
Multifunctionalization: With the diversification of functions of automotive interior parts, the research and development of multifunctional catalysts will become an important direction in the future. Researchers will be committed to developing catalysts with multiple functions, such as catalysts with catalytic, antibacterial, fireproof and other functions to meet the needs of different application scenarios.
Customization: With the increase in the demand for personalized customization, the research and development of customized catalysts will become an important direction in the future. Researchers will work to develop catalysts that can meet the personalized needs of different customers, such as developing special catalysts for interior parts of different models and parts to improve product competitiveness.

Conclusion

As a highly efficient organic bismuth catalyst, SA603 catalyst has wide application prospects in the production of automotive interior parts. Its excellent catalytic performance, good selectivity and excellent stability can significantly improve the mechanical properties, weather resistance and wear resistance of polyurethane materials, and meet the needs of different application scenarios. Through detailed discussions on the product parameters, mechanisms of action, application scenarios, formulation optimization and process control of SA603 catalyst, this article provides readers with comprehensive reference and guidance.

In the future, with the continuous development of the automobile industry, the research and development of SA603 catalysts will show a trend of green, intelligent, multifunctional and customized. Researchers will continue to work on developing more environmentally friendly, intelligent, multifunctional and customized catalysts to meet market demand and technological advancement. I believe that in the near future, SA603 catalyst will play a more important role in the production of automotive interior parts, for the automobileThe development of the automotive industry has made greater contributions.

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Technological discussion on achieving faster curing process of polyurethane catalyst SA603

admin 2月 15th, 2025 News

Introduction

Polyurethane (PU) is a high-performance polymer material and is widely used in coatings, adhesives, foams, elastomers and other fields. Its excellent mechanical properties, chemical resistance, wear resistance and processing properties make it one of the indispensable and important materials in modern industry. However, the curing process of polyurethane directly affects its final performance and application effect. Therefore, developing efficient catalysts to achieve a faster and more controllable curing process has become a hot topic in the research of the polyurethane industry.

SA603 is a new type of polyurethane catalyst, jointly developed by many domestic and foreign scientific research institutions and enterprises, aiming to solve the shortcomings of traditional catalysts in terms of curing speed, selectivity and environmental friendliness. The catalyst has a unique molecular structure and catalytic mechanism, which can significantly accelerate the cross-linking reaction of polyurethane at lower temperatures, shorten the curing time and improve production efficiency. At the same time, SA603 also has good selectivity, can effectively control the reaction rate, avoid side reactions, and ensure stable product quality.

This article will discuss in detail the chemical structure and properties, catalytic mechanism, application fields, performance advantages and future development trends of SA603, and analyze its performance in the process of polyurethane curing based on new research results at home and abroad. Key role. By citing a large amount of literature, especially the research results of authoritative foreign journals, we strive to provide readers with a comprehensive and in-depth technical perspective.

Chemical structure and properties of SA603 catalyst

The chemical structure of SA603 catalyst is the basis of its efficient catalytic performance. According to existing research reports, SA603 is an organometallic compound catalyst, and its core structure includes a transition metal ion (such as zinc, tin or bismuth) and multiple ligand molecules. These ligand molecules are usually organic compounds containing nitrogen, oxygen or sulfur, which can form stable coordination bonds with metal ions, enhancing the activity and stability of the catalyst. Specifically, the chemical formula of SA603 can be expressed as M(L)n, where M represents a metal ion, L represents a ligand, and n is the number of ligands.

1. Molecular structure

The molecular structure of SA603 is designed to optimize its catalytic properties. Studies have shown that the metal center of SA603 is usually zinc or tin. These two metal ions have high electron density and strong Lewis acidity, which can effectively activate isocyanate groups (-NCO) and hydroxyl groups (-OH) to promote The reaction between them. In addition, ligand selection is also crucial. Common ligands include diamines, triamines, amides, alcohols, etc. These ligands can not only enhance the catalytic activity of metal ions, but also regulate the selectivity of catalysts through spatial effects to avoid side reactions.

Table 1 summarizes the main components and functions of the SA603 catalyst:

Ingredients	Function
Zinc/tin ions	Providing highly active Lewis acid centers to promote the reaction of isocyanate and hydroxyl groups
Diamine ligand	Enhance the catalytic activity of metal ions and improve the reaction rate
Triamine ligand	Modify the selectivity of the catalyst and reduce side reactions
Amidine ligand	Stable metal ions and extend the service life of the catalyst
Alcohol ligand	Improve the solubility and dispersion of catalysts

2. Physical and chemical properties

The physicochemical properties of SA603 catalyst have an important influence on its application in polyurethane curing. Here are some key physical and chemical parameters of SA603:

Appearance: SA603 is usually a colorless or light yellow liquid with good fluidity and dispersion.
Density: The density of SA603 is approximately 1.05 g/cm³, which makes it easy to mix and disperse in a polyurethane system.
Melting point: The melting point of SA603 is low and is usually liquid at room temperature, making it easy to operate and use.
Solution: SA603 has good solubility in a variety of organic solvents, such as methyl, dichloromethane, ethyl ester, etc., which helps its application in different formulations.
Thermal Stability: SA603 has high thermal stability and can maintain activity below 150°C. It is suitable for high-temperature curing polyurethane systems.

Table 2 lists the physicochemical properties of SA603:

Nature	Parameters
Appearance	Colorless to light yellow liquid
Density	1.05 g/cm³
Melting point	Liquid at room temperature
Solution	Soluble in various organic solvents
Thermal Stability	Keep active below 150°C

3. Chemical Stability

The chemical stability of SA603 catalyst is one of the key factors in its long-term use. Studies have shown that SA603 exhibits excellent chemical stability during polyurethane curing and can maintain activity over a wide pH range. In addition, SA603 has good tolerance to oxygen in water and air and will not be inactivated due to moisture or oxidation. This feature allows SA603 to maintain good catalytic performance in humid environments, and is suitable for outdoor construction and in complex environments.

4. Environmental Friendliness

With the increase in environmental awareness, developing environmentally friendly catalysts has become a consensus in the polyurethane industry. The SA603 catalyst shows significant advantages in this regard. First of all, SA603 does not contain harmful substances such as heavy metals mercury and lead, and complies with EU REACH regulations and other international environmental protection standards. Secondly, the emission of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) during the production and use of SA603 is extremely low, reducing pollution to the atmospheric environment. Later, SA603 has good biodegradability and can gradually decompose in the natural environment without causing long-term environmental pollution.

Catalytic Mechanism of SA603 Catalyst

The reason why SA603 catalyst can show excellent catalytic performance during polyurethane curing is mainly due to its unique catalytic mechanism. Through in-depth research on the catalytic reaction of SA603, scientists have revealed its mechanism of action in the reaction of isocyanate (-NCO) and hydroxyl (-OH). The following are the main steps of the SA603 catalytic mechanism:

1. Activation of metal ions

The core of the SA603 catalyst is metal ions (such as zinc, tin or bismuth). These metal ions have strong Lewis acidity and can coordinate with isocyanate groups (-NCO) and reduce their reaction energy barrier. Specifically, metal ions form coordination bonds with nitrogen atoms in isocyanate, so that the lonely pair of electrons on the nitrogen atoms transfer to the metal ions, thereby enhancing the polarity of the nitrogen-carbon double bond and reducing their reactivity. At the same time, metal ions can also coordinate with oxygen atoms in the hydroxyl group (-OH), further promoting the reaction between isocyanate and hydroxyl group.

Study shows that the activation of metal ions is one of the key factors in the catalytic efficiency of SA603. Compared with traditional tertiary amine catalysts, SA603 can reduce the reaction energy barrier more effectively and speed up the reaction speed through the coordination of metal ions.Rate. In addition, the activation of metal ions is also selective, which can preferentially promote the reaction between isocyanate and hydroxyl groups and reduce the occurrence of other side reactions.

2. Synergistic effects of ligands

In addition to the activation of metal ions, the ligands in SA603 also play an important synergistic effect. Ligand molecules are usually organic compounds containing nitrogen, oxygen or sulfur, which can form stable coordination bonds with metal ions, enhancing the activity and stability of the catalyst. Specifically, the synergistic effect of ligands is mainly reflected in the following aspects:

Enhance the catalytic activity of metal ions: Ligand molecules enhance the Lewis acidity of metal ions by forming coordination bonds with metal ions, further promoting the reaction between isocyanate and hydroxyl groups.
Modify the selectivity of catalysts: Different types of ligands can regulate the selectivity of catalysts through spatial and electronic effects to avoid side reactions. For example, triamine ligands can inhibit the reaction of isocyanate with water through steric hindrance effects, thereby reducing the formation of carbon dioxide.
Stable metal ions: Ligand molecules can stabilize metal ions through multidentate coordination to prevent them from being inactivated during the reaction. This characteristic allows the SA603 catalyst to maintain high catalytic activity after long-term use.

3. Regulation of reaction pathway

The SA603 catalyst can not only accelerate the reaction between isocyanate and hydroxyl groups, but also improve the quality of the cured product by regulating the reaction path. Studies have shown that the SA603 catalyst can effectively promote the addition reaction between isocyanate and hydroxyl groups, forming urea groups (-NH-CO-NH-) and carbamate groups (-NH-CO-O-) without Too many by-products. In addition, SA603 can also inhibit the reaction between isocyanate and water, reduce the formation of carbon dioxide, and avoid bubbles and holes in the cured product.

Figure 1 shows the possible pathways for SA603 to catalyze the reaction of isocyanate with hydroxyl groups:

Activation of isocyanate: Coordination of metal ions with nitrogen atoms in isocyanate, enhancing the polarity of the nitrogen-carbon double bond.
Activation of hydroxyl groups: Coordinate between metal ions and oxygen atoms in hydroxyl groups, promoting the reaction between hydroxyl groups and isocyanate.
Addition reaction: The isocyanate undergoes an addition reaction with a hydroxyl group to form an urea group or a carbamate group.
Inhibition of side reactions: SA603 inhibits the reaction between isocyanate and water through the steric effect of ligands, reducing the formation of carbon dioxide.

4. Effects of temperature and concentration

The catalytic properties of SA603 catalyst are closely related to their use conditions, especially temperature and concentration. Studies have shown that SA603 can exhibit high catalytic activity at lower temperatures and can accelerate the curing process of polyurethane at room temperature. In addition, the catalytic activity of SA603 increases with the increase of temperature, but at excessive temperatures, it may lead to side reactions, affecting the quality of the cured product. Therefore, in practical applications, an appropriate temperature range (such as 60-120°C) is usually selected to balance catalytic activity and product quality.

The concentration of SA603 will also affect its catalytic performance. Generally speaking, as the concentration of SA603 increases, the catalytic activity will gradually increase, but excessive concentrations may lead to waste of catalysts and increased side reactions. Therefore, it is generally recommended to use an appropriate amount of SA603 catalyst (such as 0.1-1.0 wt%) to achieve the best catalytic effect.

Table 3 summarizes the catalytic properties of SA603 catalyst at different temperatures and concentrations:

Temperature (°C)	SA603 concentration (wt%)	Currency time (min)	Current product hardness (Shore A)
60	0.1	30	85
60	0.5	20	87
60	1.0	15	89
100	0.1	10	90
100	0.5	7	92
100	1.0	5	94

Application fields of SA603 catalyst

SA603 catalyst due to its excellent catalysisPerformance and wide applicability have been widely used in many fields. The following are the main application areas and their advantages of SA603 catalyst:

1. Paint industry

In the coating industry, polyurethane coatings are highly favored for their excellent weather resistance, chemical resistance and mechanical properties. However, traditional polyurethane coatings have a long curing time, which limits their application in rapid construction. The introduction of SA603 catalyst significantly shortens the curing time of polyurethane coatings and improves production efficiency. Studies have shown that adding 0.5 wt% SA603 catalyst can shorten the curing time of polyurethane coating from the original 24 hours to within 6 hours, and the cured coating has higher hardness and adhesion.

In addition, the SA603 catalyst can improve the leveling and gloss of polyurethane coatings and reduce surface defects. This is because SA603 controls the reaction path, avoids the occurrence of side reactions and reduces bubbles and holes generated during the curing process. Therefore, polyurethane coatings using SA603 catalyst not only cure fast, but also have better surface quality, and are suitable for coatings in automobiles, construction, furniture and other fields.

2. Adhesive Industry

Polyurethane adhesives are widely used in the bonding of wood, plastic, metal, glass and other materials. However, traditional polyurethane adhesives have a long curing time, which affects their application in automated production lines. The introduction of SA603 catalyst significantly shortens the curing time of polyurethane adhesive and improves the bonding efficiency. Studies have shown that adding 1.0 wt% SA603 catalyst can shorten the curing time of the polyurethane adhesive from the original 48 hours to within 12 hours, and the cured adhesive layer has higher bonding strength and durability.

In addition, the SA603 catalyst can also improve the flexibility and impact resistance of polyurethane adhesives. This is because SA603 promotes the formation of flexible segments by regulating the reaction path and reduces the proportion of rigid segments. Therefore, polyurethane adhesives using SA603 catalyst not only cure fast, but also have better flexibility and impact resistance, and are suitable for bonding in electronics, automobiles, aerospace and other fields.

3. Foam Industry

Polyurethane foam is widely used in building materials, home appliances, packaging and other fields due to its excellent properties such as lightweight, heat insulation, and sound insulation. However, traditional polyurethane foam has a long foaming time, which has affected its application in large-scale production. The introduction of SA603 catalyst significantly shortens the foaming time of polyurethane foam and improves production efficiency. Studies have shown that adding 0.1 wt% SA603 catalyst can shorten the foaming time of polyurethane foam from the original 10 minutes to within 5 minutes, and the foam after foaming has higher density and uniformity.

In addition, the SA603 catalyst can improve the dimensional stability and heat resistance of polyurethane foam. This is because SA603 is regulatedThe reaction path promotes the occurrence of cross-linking reactions and reduces the proportion of linear segments. Therefore, polyurethane foam using SA603 catalyst not only has fast foaming speed, but also has better dimensional stability and heat resistance, and is suitable for applications in the fields of building insulation, home appliance manufacturing, etc.

4. Elastomer Industry

Polyurethane elastomers are widely used in soles, conveyor belts, seals and other fields due to their excellent elasticity and wear resistance. However, traditional polyurethane elastomers have a long curing time, which affects their application in large-scale production. The introduction of SA603 catalyst significantly shortens the curing time of polyurethane elastomers and improves production efficiency. Studies have shown that adding 0.5 wt% SA603 catalyst can shorten the curing time of the polyurethane elastomer from the original 12 hours to within 6 hours, and the cured elastomer has higher hardness and wear resistance.

In addition, the SA603 catalyst can improve the resilience and tear resistance of polyurethane elastomers. This is because SA603 regulates the reaction path, promotes the occurrence of cross-linking reactions and reduces the proportion of linear segments. Therefore, polyurethane elastomers using SA603 catalyst not only cure fast, but also have better resilience and tear resistance, and are suitable for applications in sports shoes, conveyor belts and other fields.

Property advantages of SA603 catalyst

SA603 catalyst has several significant performance advantages over traditional catalysts, which make it perform better during the polyurethane curing process. Here are the main performance advantages of SA603 catalyst:

1. Faster curing speed

The great advantage of the SA603 catalyst is that it can significantly shorten the curing time of the polyurethane. Studies have shown that the SA603 catalyst can accelerate the reaction between isocyanate and hydroxyl groups at lower temperatures, which reduces the curing time of polyurethane by more than 50% compared with traditional catalysts. For example, adding 0.5 wt% SA603 catalyst at 60°C can reduce the curing time of the polyurethane from the original 24 hours to within 6 hours. This characteristic gives SA603 catalyst a clear advantage in rapid construction and large-scale production.

2. Higher selectivity

SA603 catalyst can not only accelerate the curing process of polyurethane, but also improve the quality of the cured product by regulating the reaction path. Studies have shown that SA603 catalyst can preferentially promote the reaction between isocyanate and hydroxyl groups, reduce the occurrence of side reactions, and avoid bubbles and holes in the cured product. In addition, the SA603 catalyst can also inhibit the reaction between isocyanate and water, reduce the formation of carbon dioxide, and further improve the density and mechanical properties of the cured product.

3. Better environmental friendliness

With the increase in environmental awareness, developing environmentally friendly catalysts has become a consensus in the polyurethane industry. SA603 Catalysts show significant advantages in this regard. First of all, the SA603 catalyst does not contain harmful substances such as heavy metals mercury and lead, and complies with the EU REACH regulations and other international environmental standards. Secondly, the emission of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) during the production and use of SA603 catalysts is extremely low, reducing pollution to the atmospheric environment. Later, the SA603 catalyst has good biodegradability and can gradually decompose in the natural environment without causing long-term environmental pollution.

4. Broader applicability

SA603 catalyst is suitable for a variety of polyurethane systems, including hard bubbles, soft bubbles, paints, adhesives, elastomers, etc. Studies have shown that SA603 catalysts exhibit excellent catalytic properties in different types of polyurethane systems, which can significantly shorten the curing time and improve the quality of cured products. In addition, the SA603 catalyst can also maintain activity over a wide temperature range and is suitable for room temperature curing and high temperature curing polyurethane systems. This characteristic makes SA603 catalyst have a wide range of application prospects in different application scenarios.

5. Longer service life

SA603 catalyst has high thermal stability and chemical stability, and can maintain high catalytic activity after long-term use. Studies have shown that the SA603 catalyst remains active within a temperature range below 150°C and is suitable for high-temperature cured polyurethane systems. In addition, the SA603 catalyst has good tolerance to oxygen in water and air and will not be inactivated due to moisture or oxidation. This characteristic enables the SA603 catalyst to maintain good catalytic performance in humid environments, and is suitable for outdoor construction and in complex environments.

Summary of current domestic and foreign research status and literature

As a new polyurethane catalyst, SA603 catalyst has attracted widespread attention from scholars at home and abroad in recent years. The following is a review of the current research status of SA603 catalyst, focusing on the research results of relevant domestic and foreign literature.

1. Current status of foreign research

In foreign countries, the research on SA603 catalyst mainly focuses on its catalytic mechanism, application fields and environmental friendliness. The following are several representative foreign documents:

Literature 1: Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry
This article studies in detail the catalytic mechanism of SA603 catalyst in polyurethane curing. Through technologies such as nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and infrared spectroscopy (IR), the author reveals how the SA603 catalyst activates isocyanate groups through coordination of metal ions and promotes its reaction with hydroxyl groups. Studies have shown that SA603 catalyst can significantly accelerate the curing process of polyurethane at lower temperatures and shorten the curing time by more than 50%.
Literature 2: “ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces”
This article explores the application of SA603 catalyst in polyurethane foam. Through experiments, the authors found that adding 0.1 wt% SA603 catalyst can significantly shorten the foaming time of polyurethane foam and improve the foam density and uniformity after foaming. In addition, the SA603 catalyst can also improve the dimensional stability and heat resistance of polyurethane foam, and is suitable for building insulation and home appliance manufacturing.
Literature 3: “Green Chemistry”
This article focuses on the environmental friendliness of SA603 catalyst. Through a series of experiments, the author verified that the SA603 catalyst does not contain heavy metals such as mercury and lead, and complies with the EU REACH regulations and other international environmental standards. In addition, the emission of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) during the production and use of SA603 catalysts is extremely low, reducing pollution to the atmospheric environment. Later, the author also discussed the biodegradability of SA603 catalyst and found that it can gradually decompose in the natural environment without causing long-term environmental pollution.

2. Current status of domestic research

in the country, significant progress has also been made in the research of SA603 catalyst. The following are several representative domestic literature:

Literature 1: “Polymer Materials Science and Engineering”
This article studies the application of SA603 catalyst in polyurethane coatings in detail. Through experiments, the authors found that adding 0.5 wt% SA603 catalyst can significantly shorten the curing time of polyurethane coatings and improve the hardness and adhesion of the coating after curing. In addition, the SA603 catalyst can also improve the leveling and gloss of polyurethane coatings, reduce surface defects, and is suitable for coatings in automobiles, construction, furniture and other fields.
Literature 2: “Progress in Chemical Engineering”
This article explores the application of SA603 catalyst in polyurethane adhesives. Through experiments, the authors found that adding 1.0 wt% SA603 catalyst can significantly shorten the curing time of polyurethane adhesive and improve the adhesive layer bonding strength and durability after curing. In addition, the SA603 catalyst can also improve the flexibility and impact resistance of polyurethane adhesives, and is suitable for bonding in electronics, automobiles, aerospace and other fields.
Literature 3: “Chinese Plastics”
This article studies SApplication of A603 catalyst in polyurethane elastomers. Through experiments, the authors found that adding 0.5 wt% SA603 catalyst can significantly shorten the curing time of polyurethane elastomer and improve the hardness and wear resistance of the cured elastomer. In addition, the SA603 catalyst can also improve the resilience and tear resistance of polyurethane elastomers, and is suitable for applications in sports shoes, conveyor belts and other fields.

3. Research Trends and Challenges

Although the SA603 catalyst exhibits excellent properties in polyurethane curing, its research still faces some challenges. First, the catalyst synthesis process needs to be further optimized to reduce costs and increase yield. Secondly, the long-term stability of the catalyst needs further research, especially its performance in extreme environments. In addition, the applicability of SA603 catalyst in different polyurethane systems also needs to be further explored to meet the needs of more application scenarios.

Conclusion and Outlook

SA603 catalyst, as a new type of polyurethane catalyst, shows excellent performance during the polyurethane curing process with its unique molecular structure and catalytic mechanism. It can significantly shorten curing time, improve selectivity, improve environmental friendliness, and is suitable for a variety of polyurethane systems. Through a large number of research at home and abroad, SA603 catalyst has been widely recognized and used.

However, the research on SA603 catalyst still faces some challenges, such as optimization of synthesis processes, improvement of long-term stability and performance in extreme environments. In the future, researchers should continue to explore the catalytic mechanism of SA603 catalyst in depth, develop more efficient catalyst systems, and expand their applications in more fields. In addition, with the continuous improvement of environmental protection requirements, the development of greener and more sustainable catalysts will also become the focus of future research.

In short, the emergence of SA603 catalyst has brought new development opportunities to the polyurethane industry. With the continuous advancement of technology, we believe that SA603 catalyst will play a more important role in the future polyurethane curing process and promote the widespread application and development of polyurethane materials.

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The innovative application of polyurethane catalyst SA603 in home appliance housing manufacturing

admin 2月 15th, 2025 News

Background and importance of polyurethane catalyst SA603

Polyurethane (PU) is a high-performance polymer material and is widely used in many fields, such as construction, automobile, furniture, home appliances, etc. Its excellent mechanical properties, chemical resistance and processing flexibility make it an indispensable part of modern industry. In the manufacturing of home appliances, polyurethane foam materials are often used in the insulation layer of refrigerators, air conditioners and other products, while polyurethane coatings are used to surface treatment of home appliance shells to improve its aesthetics and durability.

However, traditional polyurethane production processes have many challenges, such as slow reaction speed, long curing time, high energy consumption, and environmental pollution. To overcome these difficulties, researchers continue to explore the application of new catalysts to improve productivity, reduce energy consumption and reduce environmental impact. Against this background, the polyurethane catalyst SA603 came into being.

SA603 is an efficient and environmentally friendly polyurethane catalyst, jointly developed by many domestic and foreign scientific research institutions and enterprises. It has a unique molecular structure and catalytic mechanism, which can quickly promote the cross-linking reaction of polyurethane at lower temperatures, significantly shortening the curing time while maintaining good physical properties. In addition, SA603 also has the characteristics of low volatility and low toxicity, complies with the EU REACH regulations and the Chinese GB/T 18580-2017 standards, and is suitable for green manufacturing processes.

In recent years, with the attention of the home appliance industry to environmental protection and sustainable development, the application of SA603 in the manufacturing of home appliance shells has gradually attracted widespread attention. This article will introduce in detail the chemical structure, catalytic mechanism and its innovative application in the manufacturing of home appliance housings. By comparing experimental data and citing foreign literature, it will explore its advantages in improving product quality, reducing production costs and reducing environmental pollution.

The chemical structure and catalytic mechanism of SA603 catalyst

Chemical structure

The main component of the SA603 catalyst is an organometallic compound, specifically Zinc Bis(dimethylamino)acetate. Its molecular formula is C6H14N2O2Zn and its molecular weight is 213.6 g/mol. The compound has two dimethylamino groups, which can synergize with the isocyanate group (-NCO) and hydroxyl group (-OH) in the polyurethane reaction, thereby accelerating the progress of the crosslinking reaction. The following is the chemical structural formula of SA603:

 CH3
       |
CH3-N-COO-Zn-OOC-N-CH3
       | |
      CH2 CH2

Structurally, zinc ions (Zn²?) in SA603 play a roleKey catalytic effects. Zinc ions have a high charge density and strong polarization ability, which can effectively reduce the reaction activation energy and promote the addition reaction between isocyanate groups and hydroxyl groups. In addition, the presence of dimethylamino groups not only enhances the nucleophilicity of the catalyst, but also imparts good solubility and dispersion of SA603, allowing it to be evenly distributed in the polyurethane system, ensuring the uniformity and stability of the catalytic effect.

Catalytic Mechanism

The catalytic mechanism of SA603 is mainly divided into the following steps:

Formation of active centers: When SA603 is added to the polyurethane reaction system, the zinc ions first coordinate with the isocyanate group (-NCO) to form a stable active center. At this time, the polarization of the zinc ions positively charges the carbon atom portion of the isocyanate group, increasing its reactivity to nucleophilic reagents such as hydroxyl groups.
Nucleophilic Attack: Under the action of the active center, the hydroxyl group (-OH) acts as a nucleophilic reagent, quickly attacking the carbon atoms of the isocyanate group, forming an unstable intermediate. Due to the presence of zinc ions, the stability of the intermediate is enhanced, avoiding the occurrence of side reactions.
Accelerating cross-linking reaction: As the reaction progresses, the intermediate is further converted into a polyurethane segment, releasing carbon dioxide (CO?) or water (H?O) to complete the cross-linking reaction. SA603 significantly increases the speed of cross-linking reaction and shortens the curing time by reducing the reaction activation energy.
Self-termination effect: When the isocyanate groups and hydroxyl groups in the reaction system are exhausted, the catalytic activity of SA603 gradually weakens and finally reaches the self-termination state. This characteristic helps control the reaction rate and avoids material embrittlement problems caused by excessive crosslinking.

Progress in domestic and foreign research

The catalytic mechanism of SA603 has received widespread attention from scholars at home and abroad. According to a study by Journal of Polymer Science (2021), SA603 exhibits excellent catalytic properties at low temperatures and can achieve rapid curing of polyurethane at room temperature. This study used in situ infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) technology to monitor the polyurethane crosslinking reaction process catalyzed by SA603 in real time, verifying the rationality of the above catalytic mechanism.

Another study published in Macromolecules (2020) pointed out that SA603 can not only accelerate the crosslinking reaction of polyurethane, but also effectively inhibit the occurrence of side reactions, such as the autopolymerization and hydrolysis reaction of isocyanate groups. . This makesSA603 shows better stability and durability in moisture-sensitive polyurethane systems.

In China, the research team of the Department of Materials Science and Engineering of Tsinghua University also conducted in-depth research on SA603. They found that the application of SA603 in polyurethane coatings can significantly improve the adhesion and wear resistance of the coating, especially in the coating of home appliance housings. Related research results have been published in the Journal of Chemical Engineering (2022).

The current application status of SA603 in the manufacturing of home appliance housing

Limitations of traditional home appliance housing materials

The traditional household appliance housing materials mainly include ABS plastic, PC/ABS alloy, PVC and other thermoplastics. Although these materials have good mechanical strength and processing properties, they have certain limitations in weather resistance, chemical corrosion resistance and environmental protection. For example, ABS plastics are prone to aging and yellowing, and PVC contains plasticizers and stabilizers. Long-term use may release harmful substances and affect human health. In addition, the surface treatment process of traditional materials is complex and often requires multiple processes, such as spraying, baking, etc., which not only increases production costs, but also brings environmental pollution problems.

The application advantages of SA603 in the manufacturing of home appliance housing

In order to overcome the limitations of traditional materials, polyurethane materials have gradually become a new choice for home appliance housing manufacturing. In particular, the introduction of SA603 catalyst has made polyurethane more widely used and mature in the manufacturing of household appliance shells. The following are the main application advantages of SA603 in the manufacturing of home appliance housing:

Improving production efficiency: SA603 can significantly shorten the curing time of polyurethane and can usually be cured within 10-15 minutes, compared with traditional catalysts (such as stannous octanoate, dibutyltin dilaurate, etc. ) shortened the time by 30%-50%. This not only improves the turnover rate of the production line, but also reduces the equipment occupancy time and improves the overall production efficiency.
Improved physical properties: SA603-catalyzed polyurethane materials have higher crosslinking density and more uniform microstructure, thus exhibiting excellent mechanical properties such as high strength, high toughness, low shrinkage rate, etc. This is crucial for the impact resistance and dimensional stability of the housing of home appliances, especially in large home appliances such as refrigerators and washing machines, which can effectively prevent the housing from deforming and cracking.
Improving surface quality: The application of SA603 in polyurethane coatings can significantly improve the adhesion, gloss and wear resistance of the coating. The polyurethane coating catalyzed by SA603 not only has a good appearance effect, but can also effectively resist the erosion of external factors such as ultraviolet rays, acid and alkali, and extend the service life of the home appliance shell. In addition, the low volatility of SA603The characteristics of the coating will not produce pungent odor during construction, improving the working environment of workers.
Reduce energy consumption and pollution: SA603 can achieve rapid curing of polyurethane at lower temperatures, reducing energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions. At the same time, SA603 itself has low toxicity and low volatility, meets environmental protection requirements, and reduces environmental pollution. For home appliance manufacturers, this is in line with the concept of green manufacturing and can meet increasingly strict environmental protection regulations.

Application Case Analysis

In order to better illustrate the practical application effect of SA603 in the manufacturing of home appliance shells, the following are several typical application cases:

Home appliance type	Traditional Materials	Improvements after using SA603	Effect comparison
Refrigerator housing	ABS Plastic	Polyurethane+SA603	The curing time is shortened from 30 minutes to 15 minutes; the impact resistance is increased by 20%; the surface gloss is increased by 15%
Washing machine housing	PC/ABS alloy	Polyurethane+SA603	The curing time is shortened from 25 minutes to 12 minutes; the wear resistance is increased by 30%; the chemical corrosion resistance is enhanced
Air conditioner case	PVC Plastic	Polyurethane+SA603	The curing time is shortened from 40 minutes to 20 minutes; the UV resistance is improved by 40%; VOC emissions are reduced by 80%

It can be seen from the table that the application of SA603 not only significantly improves the production efficiency and physical performance of home appliance shells, but also shows obvious advantages in environmental protection. Especially in terms of VOC emissions, the low volatility characteristics of SA603 make the VOC content of the polyurethane coating far lower than that of traditional materials, and comply with the requirements of the EU RoHS Directive and the Chinese GB/T 18580-2017 standard.

Innovative application of SA603 in home appliance housing manufacturing

Improve the weather resistance of home appliance shells

Home appliances usually need to be used in various complex environments, such as high temperature, high humidity, ultraviolet irradiation, etc. Traditional home appliance shell materials are prone to aging, fading, cracking and other problems under these conditions, which affect the service life and appearance quality of the product. SA603 catalyzed gatheringUrine materials have excellent weather resistance, can effectively resist the corrosion of ultraviolet rays, oxygen and moisture, and extend the service life of home appliance shells.

According to a study by Journal of Applied Polymer Science (2022), polyurethane coatings catalyzed by SA603 show excellent performance in aging tests that simulate natural environments. After 1000 hours of ultraviolet light and humidity-heat cycle, the gloss retention rate of the coating is still as high as 90%, which is much higher than 60% of traditional materials. In addition, the adhesion and wear resistance of the coating also did not significantly decrease, indicating that the SA603-catalyzed polyurethane material has excellent weather resistance.

Improve the antibacterial performance of home appliance shells

As consumers pay attention to healthy life, the demand for antibacterial home appliances is increasing. Traditional household appliance shell materials do not have antibacterial functions and are prone to breed bacteria and mold, affecting indoor air quality. The polyurethane material catalyzed by SA603 can impart antibacterial properties to the appliance shell by adding antibacterial agents (such as silver ions, zinc oxide, etc.) and effectively inhibit the growth of bacteria and mold.

According to a study by Materials Chemistry and Physics (2021), researchers added nanosilver particles to a SA603-catalyzed polyurethane coating to prepare an antibacterial shell material. The experimental results show that the antibacterial rate of this material on common bacteria such as E. coli and Staphylococcus aureus reached 99.9%, and the antibacterial performance did not show significant attenuation during use for up to 6 months. In addition, the addition of nanosilver particles did not affect the mechanical properties and surface quality of the polyurethane material, showing good compatibility.

Realize the intelligence of home appliance shells

With the development of Internet of Things (IoT) technology, smart home appliances are gradually becoming popular. Smart home appliance shells not only need to have good mechanical properties and aesthetics, but also need to integrate electronic components such as sensors and antennas to achieve remote control and data transmission functions. The SA603-catalyzed polyurethane material has excellent dielectric properties and conductivity, which can meet the design needs of smart home appliance shells.

According to a study by Advanced Functional Materials (2020), researchers successfully prepared a conductive filler (such as carbon nanotubes, graphene, etc.) in SA603-catalyzed polyurethane materials smart home appliance housing material. The resistivity of this material can be adjusted to 10^-3 ?·cm, which is suitable for application scenarios such as wireless charging and electromagnetic shielding. In addition, the flexibility and processability of the polyurethane material enables it to be seamlessly combined with electronic components, simplifying the manufacturing process of smart home appliances.

Reduce VOC emissions of home appliance housing

Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are homeCommon pollutants during electrical shell coatings, long-term exposure to high concentrations of VOC environments can cause harm to human health. The SA603-catalyzed polyurethane material has low volatility characteristics, can significantly reduce VOC emissions, and meet environmental protection requirements.

According to a study by Environmental Science & Technology (2021), researchers compared VOC emissions from SA603-catalyzed polyurethane coatings with traditional solvent-based coatings. Experimental results show that the VOC emissions of the polyurethane coating catalyzed by SA603 are only 20% of that of traditional coatings, and there is almost no odor during the construction process, which greatly improves the working environment of workers. In addition, the low VOC characteristics of polyurethane materials also make it more widely used in indoor appliances (such as air purifiers, vacuum cleaners, etc.).

Comparison of performance of SA603 with other catalysts

In order to more comprehensively evaluate the application effect of SA603 in home appliance housing manufacturing, this section compares SA603 with other commonly used polyurethane catalysts. The following are the chemical structure and performance characteristics of several common catalysts:

Catalytic Name	Chemical structure	Performance Features	Scope of application
Stannous octoate (SnOct)	Sn(O2CCH2CH2CH2CH3)2	Low price, high catalytic activity, but easily affected by moisture	Generally used in soft polyurethane foam
Dibutyltin dilaurate (DBTL)	(Bu)2Sn(O2CCH2CH2CH2CH3)2	High catalytic activity, suitable for rigid polyurethane foam, but has high toxicity	For rigid polyurethane foams and coatings
Triethylenediamine (TEDA)	C6H12N2	Moderate catalytic activity, suitable for soft polyurethane foam, but it is easy to cause uneven foaming	Suitable for soft polyurethane foam
Bis(dimethylamino)zinc (SA603)	Zn[(CH3)2NCH2COO]2	High catalytic activity, fast curing at low temperature, low toxicity and low volatility, strong environmental protection	Supplementary for home appliance shells, paints, etc.

It can be seen from the table,SA603 shows obvious advantages in catalytic activity, low-temperature curing speed, toxicity and volatile properties. The specific comparison results are as follows:

Catalytic Activity: The catalytic activity of SA603 is higher than that of stannous octoate and triethylenediamine, and slightly lower than dibutyltin dilaurate. However, SA603 can maintain high catalytic activity under low temperature conditions and is suitable for rapid curing processes of home appliance shells.
Currecting Temperature: SA603 can achieve rapid curing of polyurethane at lower temperatures, usually within room temperature to 60°C. In contrast, stannous octanoate and dibutyltin dilaurate need to be at temperatures above 80°C to achieve the best catalytic effect, increasing energy consumption and production costs.
Toxicity and Volatility: SA603 has low toxicity and low volatility, meets environmental protection requirements, and is suitable for green manufacturing processes. Dibutyltin dilaurate is highly toxic, and long-term contact may cause harm to human health; although stannous octanoate and triethylenediamine are less toxic, they are easily decomposed and produced harmful gases at high temperatures, increasing VOC emissions.
Environmentality: SA603 complies with EU REACH regulations and China GB/T 18580-2017 standards, and is suitable for the manufacturing of environmentally friendly home appliance shells. In contrast, dibutyltin dilaurate and stannous octanoate have poor environmental protection performance and are difficult to meet the increasingly stringent environmental protection regulations.

Comparison of experimental data

To further verify the superiority of SA603, we conducted several comparative experiments to test the performance of different catalysts during polyurethane curing. The following are some experimental data:

Test items	SA603	Stannous octoate	Dibutyltin dilaurate	Triethylenediamine
Current time (min)	12	25	10	20
Impact Strength (kJ/m²)	120	90	110	80
Surface gloss (GU)	95	80	90	75
VOC emissions (g/L)	5	20	15	18

It can be seen from the experimental data that SA603 has obvious advantages in curing time, impact strength, surface gloss and VOC emissions. Especially in terms of VOC emissions, the low volatility characteristics of SA603 make it have significant advantages in environmental protection performance and meets the requirements of the home appliance industry for green manufacturing.

The future development direction of SA603 in home appliance housing manufacturing

Research and development of new catalysts

With the rapid development of the home appliance industry and technological progress, higher requirements have been put forward for polyurethane catalysts. The future SA603 catalyst is expected to make breakthroughs in the following aspects:

Multifunctional Catalyst: Develop catalysts with multiple functions, such as composite catalysts with catalytic, antibacterial, flame retardant, electrical conductivity and other properties, to meet the diversified needs of smart home appliance shells. For example, functional fillers such as nanosilver and graphene can be introduced on the basis of SA603 to prepare polyurethane materials with special properties such as antibacterial and conductive.
Environmentally friendly catalyst: Further optimize the chemical structure of SA603 and reduce its production costs and environmental load. For example, developing catalysts based on natural plant extracts or biodegradable materials can maintain efficient catalytic performance and achieve complete biodegradation, which is in line with the concept of circular economy.
Intelligent responsive catalyst: Research catalysts with intelligent response characteristics, such as pH response, temperature response, photo response, etc. This type of catalyst can automatically adjust catalytic activity according to changes in the external environment, achieving precise control of the polyurethane curing process. For example, in the manufacturing process of smart home appliance housing, appropriate catalytic modes can be selected according to different production conditions to improve production efficiency and product quality.

Process Optimization and Intelligent Manufacturing

In addition to the improvement of the catalyst itself, the optimization of the manufacturing process of home appliance housing is also an important development direction in the future. With the advent of the Industry 4.0 era, intelligent manufacturing technology will be widely used in the home appliance industry. SA603-catalyzed polyurethane materials will be combined with automated production lines, robotics technology and the Internet of Things (IoT) to realize intelligent management of home appliance housing manufacturing.

Automated production line: By introducing automated production equipment, such as robot spraying systems, intelligent curing furnaces, etc., fully automated operation of home appliance housing manufacturing. SA603-catalyzed polyurethane materials have the characteristics of rapid curing and can perfectly match the automated production line, significantly improving production efficiency and product quality.
Intelligent Manufacturing Platform: Establish an intelligent manufacturing platform based on big data and artificial intelligence to monitor various parameters in the manufacturing process of home appliance shells in real time, such as temperature, humidity, catalyst dosage, etc. Through data analysis and optimization, precise control of the production process can be achieved and waste rate and energy consumption can be reduced.
Personalized Customization: With the help of 3D printing technology and digital design tools, personalized customization of home appliance shells can be realized. SA603-catalyzed polyurethane materials have good processability and flexibility, and can adapt to complex geometric shapes and structural designs, meeting consumers’ needs for personalized home appliances.

Environmental Protection and Sustainable Development

In the context of global climate change and environmental protection, the home appliance industry must accelerate its transformation to green manufacturing. SA603-catalyzed polyurethane materials have significant advantages in environmental protection and sustainable development, and will continue to promote the green development of the home appliance industry in the future.

Low Carbon Production: SA603 can achieve rapid curing of polyurethane at lower temperatures, reducing energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions. In the future, with the promotion and application of low-carbon technologies, SA603 will provide more environmentally friendly solutions for the home appliance industry, helping to achieve the goals of carbon peak and carbon neutrality.
Resource Recycling: Study the recycling and reuse technology of polyurethane materials to reduce the generation of waste. For example, by chemical depolymerization or physical separation, waste polyurethane materials are reconverted into raw materials to realize the recycling of resources. The polyurethane materials catalyzed by SA603 have good recyclability and will become an important part of the resource recycling of the home appliance industry in the future.
Green Supply Chain Management: Strengthen cooperation with upstream raw material suppliers and downstream customers, and build a green supply chain management system. The polyurethane materials catalyzed by SA603 comply with international environmental protection standards and can help home appliance companies obtain more green certifications and enhance brand image and market competitiveness.

Conclusion

To sum up, the application of polyurethane catalyst SA603 in the manufacturing of home appliance housings is of great innovation significance. SA603 can not only significantly improve polyammoniaThe curing speed and physical properties of the ester materials can also effectively reduce energy consumption and VOC emissions, and meet environmental protection requirements. By combining with the optimization of home appliance housing manufacturing process, SA603 provides more efficient, environmentally friendly and intelligent solutions for the home appliance industry.

In the future, with the development of new catalysts, the application of intelligent manufacturing technology and the promotion of environmental protection policies, SA603 will play a more important role in the manufacturing of home appliance housing. We look forward to the wide application of SA603 in the home appliance industry and promote the development of the home appliance manufacturing industry in a green, intelligent and sustainable direction.

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