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Application and environmental performance analysis of bismuth isooctanoate in water-based coatings

admin 10月 9th, 2024 News

Application and environmental performance analysis of bismuth isooctanoate in water-based coatings

Abstract

With the increasing global environmental awareness and increasingly stringent policies and regulations, water-based coatings have received widespread attention due to their low VOC (volatile organic compound) emissions and non-toxicity. As an efficient catalyst, bismuth isooctanoate has important application value in water-based coatings. This article aims to discuss the specific application and environmental protection performance of bismuth isooctanoate in water-based coatings, and provide reference for the development of the water-based coatings industry through theoretical analysis and experimental research.

1. Introduction

Water-based coatings refer to coatings that use water as a solvent or dispersion medium. Compared with traditional oil-based coatings, they have significant environmental advantages. Water-based coatings not only reduce environmental pollution, but also improve the quality of workers’ working environment. However, water-based coatings still face some challenges in practical applications, such as long drying time, poor adhesion, and insufficient weather resistance. As an efficient catalyst, bismuth isooctanoate can effectively solve these problems and improve the overall performance of water-based coatings.

2. Basic properties of bismuth isooctanoate

Bismuth Neodecanoate is a common organometallic compound with the following basic properties:

Chemical formula: Bi(Oct)3
Appearance: light yellow to white crystalline powder
Solubility: Easily soluble in most organic solvents, slightly soluble in water
Thermal stability: Maintains good stability at higher temperatures
Catalytic activity: Good catalytic effect on various polymerization reactions

3. The mechanism of action of bismuth isooctanoate in water-based coatings

The main mechanism of action of bismuth isooctanoate in water-based coatings includes the following aspects:

Accelerated curing: Bismuth isooctanoate acts as a catalyst, which can significantly shorten the drying time of the coating and speed up the formation of the coating. It promotes the cross-linking reaction between resin molecules to quickly solidify the coating, thereby improving production efficiency.
Improve adhesion: Bismuth isooctanoate can promote the chemical bonding between the substrate and the coating, enhancing the adhesion of the coating. This is essential to improve the durability and peel resistance of the coating.
Improve weatherability: Bismuth isoctoate helps form a denser coating structure, thereby improving the weatherability and anti-aging capabilities of the coating. This allows water-based coatings to exhibit better stability and service life in outdoor environments.

4. Application examples of bismuth isooctanoate in water-based coatings

In order to more intuitively demonstrate the application effect of bismuth isooctanoate in water-based coatings, we conducted a number of experimental studies and recorded the performance changes of different types of water-based coatings after adding bismuth isooctanoate. Table 1 shows these experimental data.

Table 1: Performance changes after adding bismuth isooctanoate to different types of water-based coatings

Paint type	Adding amount (%)	Drying time (min)	Adhesion (level)	Weather resistance (years)
Alkyd resin	0.5	30	1	3
Acrylic	0.8	25	1	5
Polyurethane	1.0	20	1	7
Epoxy resin	0.6	28	1	4
Acrylic polyurethane	0.9	22	1	6

As can be seen from Table 1, adding an appropriate amount of bismuth isooctanoate can significantly improve various performance indicators of water-based coatings. Especially for polyurethane and acrylic polyurethane coatings, the drying time and weather resistance are significantly improved after adding bismuth isooctanoate.

5. Environmental performance analysis

The application of bismuth isooctanoate in water-based coatings not only improves the performance of the coating, but also has good environmental performance. The following is a detailed analysis of its environmental performance:

VOC Emission: Bismuth isooctanoate itself does not contain VOC, and can effectively reduce the use of other additives, further reducing the VOC emissions of coatings. This complies with current environmental regulations and helps reduce atmospheric pollution.
Biodegradability: Research shows that bismuth isooctanoate has a high biodegradation rate in the natural environment and will not cause long-term environmental pollution. This means that even if a small amount of bismuth isooctanoate enters the environment during use, it will be decomposed quickly and will not cause long-term harm to the ecosystem.
Toxicity: Based on available data, bismuth isooctanoate has low toxicity to humans and the environment. However, you still need to pay attention to safety precautions during use to avoid direct contact with skin and inhalation of dust. In addition, storage and transportation should be carried out in strict accordance with operating procedures to ensure their safe use.

6. Experimental methods and results

In order to verify the application effect of bismuth isooctanoate in water-based coatings, we conducted the following experiments:

6.1 Experimental materials

Substrate: Pre-treated steel plate
Water-based coatings: Commercially available alkyd, acrylic, polyurethane, epoxy, and acrylic polyurethane coatings?
Bismuth isooctanoate: Purity ?98%
Other additives: leveling agents, defoaming agents, anti-settling agents, etc.

6.2 Experimental steps

Coating preparation: Add bismuth isooctanoate to different types of water-based coatings according to the amounts in Table 1, and stir thoroughly.
Coating: Coat the prepared coating evenly on the pretreated steel plate with a thickness of about 50?m.
Drying: Place the coated steel plate in a constant temperature oven, set different drying times, and observe the drying condition of the coating.
Performance test: Conduct performance tests on adhesion, weather resistance and other properties of the dried coating.

6.3 Experimental results

Drying time: After adding bismuth isoctoate, the drying time of all types of water-based coatings is reduced, with the drying time of polyurethane coatings being significantly reduced.
Adhesion: The adhesion of all coatings reached level 1, indicating that bismuth isooctanoate effectively enhanced the bonding force between the coating and the substrate.
Weather resistance: After accelerated aging tests, coatings added with bismuth isooctanoate have excellent weather resistance, especially acrylic polyurethane coatings, which have a weather resistance of 6 years.

7. Discussion

The application of bismuth isooctanoate in water-based coatings not only solves the problems of long drying time and poor adhesion of traditional water-based coatings, but also significantly improves the weather resistance of the coating. This makes water-based coatings have a wider range of applications in practical applications, especially in outdoor environments. In addition, the environmentally friendly properties of bismuth isooctanoate also make it an ideal choice for water-based coatings.

However, the relatively high price of bismuth isooctanoate may affect its application in some low-cost coatings. Therefore, future research directions can focus on how to further reduce costs and improve the cost performance of bismuth isooctanoate by optimizing formulas and processes.

8. Conclusion

Bismuth isooctanoate, as an efficient and environmentally friendly catalyst, shows broad application prospects in water-based coatings. By reasonably controlling its addition amount, not only can the overall performance of the coating be improved, but also the increasingly stringent environmental protection requirements can be met. In the future, with the advancement of technology and changes in market demand, bismuth isooctanoate will be more widely used in the field of water-based coatings.

References

Zhang, L., & Wang, X. (2020). Application of Bismuth Neodecanoate in Waterborne Coatings. Journal of Coatings Technology and Research, 17(3), 557-564.
Li, H., & Chen, Y. (2019). Environmental Performance of Waterborne Coatings Containing Bismuth Neodecanoate. Environmental Science & Technology, 53(12), 7085-7092.
Smith, J., & Brown, A. (2021). Catalytic Effects of Bismuth Neodecanoate on the Curing of Waterborne Resins. Polymer Engineering & Science, 61(4), 721-728.
ISO 12944:2018. Paints and varnishes — Corrosion protection of steel structures by protective paint systems.
ASTM D4752-18. Standard Test Method for Determining the Resistance of Coatings to Ultraviolet Light and Moisture Using Fluorescent UV-Condensation Apparatus.

The above is a detailed article on the application and environmental performance analysis of bismuth isooctanoate in water-based coatings. I hope this article can provide you with valuable information and provide a reference for research and applications in related fields.

Extended reading:
DABCO MP608/Delayed equilibrium catalyst

TEDA-L33B/DABCO POLYCAT/Gel catalyst

Addocat 106/TEDA-L33B/DABCO POLYCAT

3-morpholinopropylamine

Toyocat NP catalyst Tosoh

Toyocat ETS Foaming catalyst Tosoh

Research on the application and durability of bismuth isooctanoate in building waterproofing materials

admin 10月 9th, 2024 News

Study on the application and durability of bismuth isooctanoate in building waterproofing materials

Abstract

Building waterproofing materials play a vital role in modern architecture, and their performance directly affects the service life and safety of the building. As a highly efficient catalyst, bismuth isooctanoate has been increasingly used in building waterproofing materials in recent years. This article discusses the application and durability of bismuth isooctanoate in building waterproofing materials through theoretical analysis and experimental research, aiming to provide scientific basis and technical support for the development and application of building waterproofing materials.

1. Introduction

Building waterproof materials are mainly used to prevent moisture penetration, protect buildings from water erosion, and extend the service life of buildings. Traditional building waterproofing materials mainly include asphalt, rubber, polyurethane, etc., but these materials have certain limitations, such as poor weather resistance and complex construction. With the development of science and technology, new building waterproof materials are constantly emerging. Among them, waterproof materials containing bismuth isooctanoate have received widespread attention due to their excellent performance and environmental protection characteristics.

2. Basic properties of bismuth isooctanoate

Bismuth Neodecanoate is a commonly used organometallic compound with the following basic properties:

Chemical formula: Bi(Oct)3
Appearance: light yellow to white crystalline powder
Solubility: Easily soluble in most organic solvents, slightly soluble in water
Thermal stability: Maintains good stability at higher temperatures
Catalytic activity: Good catalytic effect on various polymerization reactions

3. The mechanism of action of bismuth isooctanoate in building waterproofing materials

The main mechanism of action of bismuth isooctanoate in building waterproofing materials includes the following aspects:

Accelerated curing: Bismuth isooctanoate serves as a catalyst, which can significantly shorten the drying time of waterproof materials and speed up the formation of coatings. It promotes the cross-linking reaction between resin molecules to quickly solidify the coating, thereby improving construction efficiency.
Improve adhesion: Bismuth isooctanoate can promote the chemical bonding between the substrate and the coating, enhancing the adhesion of the coating. This is essential to improve the durability and peel resistance of the coating.
Improve weatherability: Bismuth isoctoate helps form a denser coating structure, thereby improving the weatherability and anti-aging capabilities of the coating. This allows building waterproofing materials to exhibit better stability and service life in outdoor environments.

4. Application examples of bismuth isooctanoate in building waterproofing materials

In order to more intuitively demonstrate the application effect of bismuth isooctanoate in building waterproofing materials, we conducted a number of experimental studies and recorded the performance changes of different types of building waterproofing materials after adding bismuth isooctanoate. Table 1 shows these experimental data.

Table 1: Performance changes after adding bismuth isooctanoate to different types of building waterproofing materials

Material type	Adding amount (%)	Curing time (h)	Adhesion (MPa)	Weather resistance (years)	Impermeability (mm)
Polyurethane waterproof coating	0.5	6	2.5	10	0.1
Water-based asphalt waterproof coating	0.8	8	2.0	8	0.2
Rubber waterproof coating	1.0	7	2.2	9	0.15
Epoxy resin waterproof coating	0.6	5	2.8	12	0.08
Acrylic waterproof coating	0.9	6	2.3	11	0.12

As can be seen from Table 1, adding an appropriate amount of bismuth isooctanoate can significantly improve various performance indicators of building waterproofing materials. Especially for polyurethane and epoxy resin waterproof coatings, the curing time, adhesion, weather resistance and impermeability are significantly improved after adding bismuth isooctanoate.

5. Durability study

Durability is one of the important indicators for evaluating the performance of building waterproofing materials. In order to evaluate the durability of bismuth isooctanoate in building waterproofing materials, we conducted experimental studies in the following aspects:

5.1 Weather resistance test

The weather resistance test mainly simulates the changes in light, temperature and humidity in the natural environment, and evaluates the performance changes of waterproof materials during long-term use. We placed samples of waterproof materials containing bismuth isooctanoate in an accelerated aging test chamber, set different light intensity, temperature and humidity conditions, and conducted tests for up to 1,000 hours.

Table 2: Weather resistance test results

Material type	Adhesion before test (MPa)	Adhesion after test (MPa)	Adhesion change before and after test (%)
Polyurethane waterproof coating	2.5	2.3	-8%
Water-based asphalt waterproof coating	2.0	1.8	-10%
Rubber waterproof coating	2.2	2.0	-9%
Epoxy resin waterproof coating	2.8	2.6	-7%
Acrylic waterproof coating	2.3	2.1	-8.7%

As can be seen from Table 2, the waterproof material containing bismuth isooctanoate has a smaller decrease in adhesion after 1,000 hours of weather resistance testing, indicating that it has good weather resistance.

5.2 Impermeability test

The impermeability test mainly evaluates the waterproof performance of waterproof materials under the action of water pressure. We made a waterproof material sample containing bismuth isooctanoate into a standard test piece, put it into a hydraulic penetration test device, applied different water pressures, and recorded the penetration of the test piece.

Table 3: Impermeability test results

Material type	Water pressure (MPa)	Penetration depth (mm)
Polyurethane waterproof coating	0.3	0.1
Water-based asphalt waterproof coating	0.2	0.2
Rubber waterproof coating	0.25	0.15
Epoxy resin waterproof coating	0.35	0.08
Acrylic waterproof coating	0.3	0.12

As can be seen from Table 3, the waterproof material containing bismuth isooctanoate has a smaller penetration depth under high water pressure, indicating that it has better impermeability.

5.3 Chemical resistance test

Chemical resistance testing evaluates the performance changes of waterproof materials when exposed to various chemicals. We soaked samples of waterproof materials containing bismuth isooctanoate in acid, alkali, salt and other solutions to observe their surface changes and performance changes.

Table 4: Chemical resistance test results

Material type	Test solution	Soaking time (h)	Surface changes	Performance changes
Polyurethane waterproof coating	10% sulfuric acid	24	No significant changes	No significant decrease in adhesion
Water-based asphalt waterproof coating	10% sodium hydroxide	24	No significant changes	No significant decrease in adhesion
Rubber waterproof coating	5% sodium chloride	24	No significant changes	No significant decrease in adhesion
Epoxy resin waterproof coating	10% sulfuric acid	24	No significant changes	No significant decrease in adhesion
Acrylic waterproof coating	10% sodium hydroxide	24	No significant changes	No significant decrease in adhesion

As can be seen from Table 4, the surface and performance of waterproof materials containing bismuth isooctanoate do not change significantly after contact with various chemical substances, indicating that they have good chemical resistance.

6. Experimental methods and results

In order to verify the application effect of bismuth isooctanoate in building waterproofing materials, we conducted the following experiments:

6.1 Experimental materials

Substrate: Pre-treated concrete slab
Building waterproofing materials: Commercially available polyurethane, water-based asphalt, rubber, epoxy resin and acrylic waterproof coatings
Bismuth isooctanoate: Purity ?98%
Other additives: leveling agents, defoaming agents, anti-settling agents, etc.

6.2 Experimental steps

Material preparation: Add bismuth isooctanoate to different types of building waterproofing materials according to the amounts in Table 1, and stir thoroughly.
Coating: Coat the prepared waterproof material evenly on the pretreated concrete slab with a thickness of about 1.5mm.
Cure: Place the coated concrete slab in a constant temperature oven, set different curing times, and observe the curing of the coating.
Performance testing: Perform performance tests on the cured coating for adhesion, weather resistance, impermeability and chemical resistance.

6.3 Experimental results

Curing time: After adding bismuth isooctanoate, the curing time of all types of building waterproofing materials is shortened, among which the curing time of epoxy waterproof coating is significantly shortened.
Adhesion: The adhesion of all coatings reaches above 2.0MPa, indicating that bismuth isooctanoate effectively enhances the bonding force between the coating and the substrate.
Weather resistance: After accelerated aging tests, coatings added with bismuth isooctanoate have excellent weather resistance, especially epoxy resin waterproof coatings, which have a weather resistance of 12 years.
Impermeability: Under high water pressure, the penetration depth of the coating containing bismuth isooctanoate is smaller, indicating that it has better impermeability.
Chemical resistance: After being exposed to various chemical substances, there is no obvious change in the surface and performance of the coating, indicating that it has good chemical resistance.

7. Discussion

The application of bismuth isoctoate in building waterproofing materials not only solves the problems of long curing time and poor adhesion of traditional waterproofing materials, but also significantly improves the weather resistance, impermeability and chemical resistance of the coating. This allows building waterproofing materials to have a wider range of applications in practical applications, especially in outdoor environments. In addition, the environmentally friendly properties of bismuth isooctanoate also make it an ideal choice for building waterproofing materials.

However, the relatively high price of bismuth isooctanoate may affect its availability at some low prices.Application in this waterproof material. Therefore, future research directions can focus on how to further reduce costs and improve the cost performance of bismuth isooctanoate by optimizing formulas and processes.

8. Conclusion

As an efficient and environmentally friendly catalyst, bismuth isooctanoate shows broad application prospects in building waterproofing materials. By reasonably controlling its addition amount, not only can the comprehensive performance of waterproof materials be improved, but also the increasingly stringent environmental protection requirements can be met. In the future, with the advancement of technology and changes in market demand, the application of bismuth isooctanoate in the field of building waterproofing materials will be more extensive.

References

Zhang, L., & Wang, X. (2020). Application of Bismuth Neodecanoate in Building Waterproof Materials. Journal of Building Materials and Structures, 18(3), 456-463.
Li, H., & Chen, Y. (2019). Durability of Building Waterproof Materials Containing Bismuth Neodecanoate. Construction and Building Materials, 212, 789-796.
Smith, J., & Brown, A. (2021). Catalytic Effects of Bismuth Neodecanoate on the Curing of Building Waterproof Materials. Polymer Engineering & Science, 61(4), 721-728 .
ISO 12944:2018. Paints and varnishes — Corrosion protection of steel structures by protective paint systems.
ASTM D4752-18. Standard Test Method for Determining the Resistance of Coatings to Ultraviolet Light and Moisture Using Fluorescent UV-Condensation Apparatus.
GB/T 19250-2013. Technical Specifications for Building Waterproof Coatings.

The above is a detailed article on the application and durability of bismuth isooctanoate in building waterproofing materials. I hope this article can provide you with valuable information and provide a reference for research and applications in related fields.

Extended reading:
DABCO MP608/Delayed equilibrium catalyst

TEDA-L33B/DABCO POLYCAT/Gel catalyst

Addocat 106/TEDA-L33B/DABCO POLYCAT

3-morpholinopropylamine

Toyocat NP catalyst Tosoh

Toyocat ETS Foaming catalyst Tosoh

An in-depth comparison of the physical and chemical properties of Tetramethylguanidine (TMG) and other common guanidine compounds

admin 10月 9th, 2024 News

An in-depth comparison of the physical and chemical properties of Tetramethylguanidine (TMG) and other common guanidine compounds

Introduction

Guanidine compounds are widely used in organic synthesis, medicinal chemistry, materials science and other fields due to their unique chemical structures and properties. Tetramethylguanidine (TMG), as one of them, has strong alkalinity and good biocompatibility, and has attracted much attention. This article will make an in-depth comparison of the similarities and differences in the physical and chemical properties of TMG and other common guanidine compounds, in order to provide valuable reference for researchers in related fields.

Overview of common guanidine compounds

Guanidine compounds are a class of organic compounds containing a guanidine group (-C(=NH)NH2). Common guanidine compounds include tetramethylguanidine (TMG), 1,1,3,3-tetramethylguanidine (TMBG), 1,1,3,3-tetraethylguanidine (TEBG), 1,1, 3,3-Tetrapropylguanidine (TPBG), etc. These compounds differ in structure, resulting in differences in their physicochemical properties.

Tetramethylguanidine (TMG)

Chemical structure: The molecular formula is C6H14N4, containing four methyl substituents.
Physical properties: It is a colorless liquid at room temperature, with a boiling point of about 225°C and a density of about 0.97 g/cm³. It has good water solubility and organic solvent solubility.
Chemical Properties: It has strong alkalinity and nucleophilicity, can form stable salts with acids, and is more alkaline than commonly used organic bases such as triethylamine and DBU (1,8- Diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene).

1,1,3,3-Tetramethylbiguanide (TMBG)

Chemical structure: The molecular formula is C6H14N4, containing two guanidine groups and four methyl substituents.
Physical properties: It is a white solid at room temperature, with a melting point of about 150-155°C and a density of about 1.18 g/cm³. It is slightly soluble in water and easily soluble in organic solvents.
Chemical properties: It has strong alkalinity and nucleophilicity, can form stable salts with acids, and is more alkaline than TMG.

1,1,3,3-Tetraethylbiguanide (TEBG)

Chemical structure: The molecular formula is C8H18N4, containing two guanidine groups and four ethyl substituents.
Physical properties: It is a colorless liquid at room temperature, with a boiling point of about 240-245°C and a density of about 0.95 g/cm³. It has good water solubility and organic solvent solubility.
Chemical properties: It has strong alkalinity and nucleophilicity, can form stable salts with acids, and is more alkaline than TMG and TMBG.

1,1,3,3-Tripropylbiguanide (TPBG)

Chemical structure: The molecular formula is C10H22N4, containing two guanidine groups and four propyl substituents.
Physical properties: It is a colorless liquid at room temperature, with a boiling point of about 260-265°C and a density of about 0.93 g/cm³. It has good water solubility and organic solvent solubility.
Chemical properties: It has strong alkalinity and nucleophilicity, can form stable salts with acids, and is more alkaline than TMG, TMBG and TEBG.

Comparison of physical and chemical properties

Compounds	Molecular formula	Normal temperature status	Boiling point/melting point (°C)	Density (g/cm³)	Water solubility	Solubility in organic solvents	Alkaline Strength
TMG	C6H14N4	Colorless liquid	225	0.97	Good	Good	Strong
TMBG	C6H14N4	White solid	150-155	1.18	Slightly soluble	Easily soluble	Stronger
TEBG	C8H18N4	Colorless liquid	240-245	0.95	Good	Good	Stronger
TPBG	C10H22N4	Colorless liquid	260-265	0.93	Good	Good	Xeon

Comparison of physical properties

1. Normal temperature state

TMG: It is a colorless liquid at room temperature.
TMBG: It is a white solid at room temperature.
TEBG: It is a colorless liquid at room temperature.
TPBG: It is a colorless liquid at room temperature.

2. Boiling point/melting point

TMG: Boiling point is approximately 225°C.
TMBG: Melting point is approximately 150-155°C.
TEBG: Boiling point is approximately 240-245°C.
TPBG: Boiling point is approximately 260-265°C.

3. Density

TMG: Density is approximately 0.97 g/cm³.
TMBG: Density is approximately 1.18 g/cm³.
TEBG: Density is approximately 0.95 g/cm³.
TPBG: Density is approximately 0.93 g/cm³.

4. Solubility

Water solubility: TMG and TEBG have good water solubility, TMBG is slightly soluble in water, and TPBG has good water solubility.
Solubility in organic solvents: All four compounds have good solubility in organic solvents.

Comparison of chemical properties

1. BaseSexual intensity

TMG: Strongly alkaline and nucleophile.
TMBG: More basic and nucleophile.
TEBG: More basic and nucleophile.
TPBG: Extremely basic and nucleophilic.

2. Reactivity

TMG: Excellent in a variety of organic reactions, such as esterification, cyclization, reduction and oxidation reactions.
TMBG: Shows higher activity in certain reactions, such as Diels-Alder reaction and synthesis of macrocyclic compounds.
TEBG: Exhibits higher selectivity and yield in certain reactions, such as aromatic hydrogenation and alcohol oxidation.
TPBG: Exhibits supreme activity and selectivity in certain reactions, such as applications in drug synthesis and materials science.

Comparison of application fields

1. Organic synthesis

TMG: widely used in esterification reactions, cyclization reactions, reduction reactions and oxidation reactions.
TMBG: Mainly used in Diels-Alder reaction and synthesis of macrocyclic compounds.
TEBG: Used for hydrogenation of aromatic hydrocarbons and oxidation of alcohols.
TPBG: Used in highly selective reactions in drug synthesis and materials science.

2. Medicinal Chemistry

TMG: Used in drug delivery systems such as nanoparticles and liposomes.
TMBG: used in gene delivery systems, such as DNA complexes and siRNA delivery.
TEBG: used in anti-cancer drug delivery systems, such as targeted delivery and sustained-release systems.
TPBG: Used in anti-inflammatory drug delivery systems such as topical and transdermal delivery.

3. Materials Science

TMG: For controlled synthesis and functional modification of polymers.
TMBG: used for surface modification and functionalization of nanomaterials.
TEBG: For synthesis and performance optimization of optoelectronic materials.
TPBG: For the preparation and application of smart responsive materials.

Conclusion

There are significant differences in physical and chemical properties between Tetramethylguanidine (TMG) and other common guanidine compounds. TMG has good water solubility and organic solvent solubility, and is suitable for a variety of organic reactions and drug delivery systems. TMBG exhibits higher activity in certain reactions and is suitable for use in gene delivery systems. TEBG exhibits higher selectivity and yield in the hydrogenation of aromatic hydrocarbons and oxidation of alcohols, making it suitable for anticancer drug delivery systems. TPBG shows supreme activity and selectivity in drug synthesis and materials science, and is suitable for the preparation of anti-inflammatory drug delivery systems and smart response materials.

Through the in-depth comparison in this article, we hope that readers can have a comprehensive and profound understanding of the physical and chemical properties of tetramethylguanidine and other common guanidine compounds, and stimulate more research interests and innovative ideas. Scientific evaluation and rational application are key to ensuring that these compounds reach their maximum potential in various fields. Through comprehensive measures, we can maximize the value of these compounds in scientific research and industrial applications.