Potential of polyurethane foam amine catalysts in wearable technology: Combination of comfort and functionality

Potential of polyurethane foam amine catalysts in wearable technology: the combination of comfort and functionality

Introduction

With the continuous advancement of technology, wearable technology has become an indispensable part of our daily lives. From smartwatches to health monitoring devices, wearable devices not only provide us with convenience, but also greatly improve our quality of life. However, with the popularity of wearable devices, users’ requirements for comfort and functionality are also increasing. As a new material, polyurethane foam amine catalysts have shown great potential in wearable technology due to their unique properties. This article will discuss in detail the application of polyurethane foam amine catalyst in wearable technology and how it combines comfort and functionality to bring a better experience to users.

Basic Characteristics of Polyurethane Foaming Emineral Catalyst

1.1 Definition and composition of polyurethane foam

Polyurethane foam is a polymer material produced by chemical reactions such as polyols, isocyanates and catalysts. It has the characteristics of lightweight, softness, good elasticity and excellent thermal insulation performance, and is widely used in furniture, automobiles, construction and other fields.

1.2 The role of amine catalyst

Amine catalysts play a crucial role in the formation of polyurethane foam. It can accelerate the reaction of polyols with isocyanates and control the density, hardness and elastic properties of the foam. Common amine catalysts include triethylenediamine (TEDA), dimethylamine (DMEA), etc.

1.3 Advantages of polyurethane foam amine catalysts

  • High elasticity: Polyurethane foam amine catalysts are able to produce highly elastic foam materials and are suitable for wearable devices that require frequent bending and stretching.
  • Lightweight: The foam material itself is lightweight and does not put additional burden on the user.
  • Breathability: Polyurethane foam has good breathability, can effectively discharge sweat and keep the skin dry.
  • Heat Insulation: Foam materials have excellent thermal insulation properties and can maintain body temperature in cold environments.

Application of polyurethane foam amine catalyst in wearable technology

2.1 Smart Watch

Smartwatches are one of the common devices in wearable technology. Polyurethane foam amine catalysts can be used on the straps and case of smartwatches to provide a comfortable wearing experience.

2.1.1 Watch strap

The foam material produced by the polyurethane foam amine catalyst is highly elastic and flexible, and can fit the wrist curves and reduce the feeling of compression when worn. In addition, the air permeability of the foam material canEffectively discharge sweat and avoid skin allergies.

parameters value
Density 0.05-0.15 g/cm³
Hardness 20-40 Shore A
Elasticity >90%
Breathability >80%

2.1.2 Case

Polyurethane foam amine catalyst can also be used in the case of smartwatches, providing lightweight and thermal insulation protection. The lightness of foam material does not increase the weight of the watch, while the thermal insulation can keep the watch’s internal temperature stable in cold environments.

parameters value
Density 0.1-0.2 g/cm³
Hardness 30-50 Shore A
Thermal insulation >90%

2.2 Health monitoring equipment

Health monitoring equipment such as heart rate monitors, blood pressure monitors, etc., needs to be worn on the body for a long time. Polyurethane foam amine catalysts can provide a comfortable wearing experience without affecting the monitoring function of the equipment.

2.2.1 Heart rate monitor

Heart rate monitors are usually worn on the wrist or chest, and the foam produced by the polyurethane foam amine catalyst can fit the skin and reduce discomfort during wear. In addition, the elasticity of the foam material can adapt to the movement of the body, ensuring the accuracy of monitoring data.

parameters value
Density 0.05-0.15 g/cm³
Hardness 20-40 Shore A
Elasticity >90%
Breathability >80%

2.2.2 Blood pressure monitor

The sphygmomanometer is usually worn on the upper arm, and the foam produced by the polyurethane foam amine catalyst can provide a comfortable wearing experience while ensuring the accuracy of the sphygmomanometer. The lightness and elasticity of foam materials can reduce the feeling of compression when worn and avoid affecting blood circulation.

parameters value
Density 0.1-0.2 g/cm³
Hardness 30-50 Shore A
Elasticity >90%
Breathability >80%

2.3 Sports Equipment

Sports equipment such as sports bracelets, knee pads, etc. need to have good comfort and functionality. Polyurethane foam amine catalysts provide high elasticity and breathability, ensuring comfort and safety during exercise.

2.3.1 Sports bracelet

Sports bracelets are usually worn on the wrist, and the foam produced by the polyurethane foam amine catalyst can fit the wrist curves and reduce the feeling of compression when worn. In addition, the breathability of the foam material can effectively discharge sweat and avoid skin allergies.

parameters value
Density 0.05-0.15 g/cm³
Hardness 20-40 Shore A
Elasticity >90%
Breathability >80%

2.3.2 Knee Pads

Knee pads need good elasticity and support. The foam material generated by polyurethane foam amine catalyst can provide high elasticity and support, ensuring safety during exercise. In addition, the lightness and breathability of the foam material can reduce the burden on wearing and avoid skin allergies.

parameters value
Density 0.1-0.2 g/cm³
Hardness 30-50 Shore A
Elasticity >90%
Breathability >80%

The future development direction of polyurethane foam amine catalyst

3.1 Intelligent

With the continuous development of wearable technology, polyurethane foam amine catalysts will also develop towards intelligence. Future polyurethane foam materials will be able to automatically adjust hardness, elasticity and breathability according to user needs, providing a more personalized wearing experience.

3.2 Environmental protection

Environmental protection is one of the important directions for future material development. Polyurethane foam amine catalysts will use more environmentally friendly raw materials and production processes to reduce the impact on the environment. In addition, future polyurethane foam materials will be degradable and reduce waste generation.

3.3 Multifunctional

The future polyurethane foam materials will not only be limited to comfort and functionality, but will also have more functions. For example, polyurethane foam will be able to integrate sensors to monitor users’ health in real time; or have antibacterial properties to reduce the risk of skin infection.

Conclusion

Polyurethane foam amine catalysts, as a new material, have shown great potential in wearable technology. It not only provides a comfortable wearing experience, but also combines functionality to bring users a better user experience. With the continuous advancement of technology, polyurethane foam amine catalysts will play a more important role in wearable technology, bringing users more intelligent, environmentally friendly and multifunctional products.

Extended reading:https://www.cyclohexylamine.net/rigid-foam-catalyst-semi-rigid-foam-catalyst/

Extended reading:https://www.morpholine.org/nn-dicyclohexylmethylamine/

Extended reading:https://www.newtopchem.com/archives/39763

Extended reading:https://www.newtopchem.com/archives/43941

Extended reading:https://www.cyclohexylamine.net/polyurethane-catalyst-dabco-dc2/

Extended reading:https://www.bdmaee.net/teda-l33e-polyurethane-amine-catalyst-tosoh/

Extended reading:https://www.bdmaee.net/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/13.jpg

Extended reading:https://www.morpholine.org/127-08-2-2/

Extended reading:https://www.newtopchem.com/archives/44272

Extended reading:https://www.bdmaee.net/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/2-ethylhexanoic-acid-potassium-CAS-3164-85-0–K-15.pdf

How to delayed amine hard bubble catalysts help achieve more efficient logistics packaging solutions: cost savings and efficiency improvements

How delayed amine hard bubble catalysts help achieve more efficient logistics packaging solutions: cost savings and efficiency improvement

Catalog

  1. Introduction
  2. Basic concept of delayed amine hard bubble catalyst
  3. The working principle of delayed amine hard bubble catalyst
  4. Application of delayed amine hard bubble catalyst in logistics packaging
  5. Specific manifestations of cost savings and efficiency improvement
  6. Comparison of product parameters and performance
  7. Practical case analysis
  8. Future development trends
  9. Conclusion

1. Introduction

With the rapid development of the global logistics industry, the demand for logistics packaging is also increasing. How to reduce costs and improve efficiency while ensuring packaging quality has become an urgent problem that the logistics industry needs to solve. As a new chemical material, the delayed amine hard bubble catalyst has shown great potential in the field of logistics packaging due to its unique properties. This article will discuss in detail how delayed amine hard bubble catalysts can help achieve more efficient logistics packaging solutions, especially in terms of cost savings and efficiency improvement.

2. Basic concepts of delayed amine hard bubble catalyst

The delayed amine hard bubble catalyst is a chemical additive used in the production of polyurethane foam. By delaying the reaction time, the foam can better control the foaming speed and curing time during the molding process, thereby obtaining a more uniform and stable foam structure. The application of this catalyst in logistics packaging is mainly reflected in its ability to improve the performance of packaging materials, such as compressive strength, buffering performance, etc.

3. Working principle of delayed amine hard bubble catalyst

The working principle of the retarded amine hard bubble catalyst is mainly based on its chemical properties. In the production process of polyurethane foam, the function of the catalyst is to accelerate the reaction between isocyanate and polyol to form a foam structure. By delaying the reaction time, the foam can better control the foaming speed and curing time during the molding process, thereby obtaining a more uniform and stable foam structure.

3.1 Reaction mechanism

The delayed amine hard bubble catalyst realizes its function through the following steps:

  1. Delayed reaction: The catalyst does not act immediately at the beginning of the reaction, but is delayed for a period of time, so that the reactants have enough time to mix evenly.
  2. Control foaming speed: During the middle of the reaction, the catalyst begins to play a role and controls the foaming speed to make the foam structure more uniform.
  3. Accelerating curing: In the later stage of the reaction, the catalyst accelerates the curing process, allowing the foam to form rapidly,High production efficiency.

3.2 Performance Advantages

The performance advantages of delayed amine hard bubble catalyst are mainly reflected in the following aspects:

  • uniformity: By delaying the reaction time, the foam structure is more uniform, and the compressive strength and buffering performance of the packaging material are improved.
  • Stability: Control the foaming speed and curing time to make the foam structure more stable and reduce defects in the production process.
  • Efficiency Improvement: Accelerate the curing process, improve production efficiency, and reduce production costs.

4. Application of delayed amine hard bubble catalyst in logistics packaging

The application of delayed amine hard bubble catalyst in logistics packaging is mainly reflected in the following aspects:

4.1 Improve the compressive strength of packaging materials

Logistics packaging materials need to have high compressive strength to protect the goods from damage during transportation. The retarded amine hard bubble catalyst significantly improves the compressive strength of the packaging material by improving the uniformity and stability of the foam structure.

4.2 Enhanced buffering performance

Logistics packaging materials need to have good buffering properties to reduce vibration and impact of goods during transportation. The delayed amine hard bubble catalyst makes the foam structure more uniform by controlling the foaming speed and curing time, thereby enhancing the buffering performance of the packaging material.

4.3 Reduce production costs

The delayed amine hard bubble catalyst significantly reduces production costs by improving production efficiency and reducing defects in the production process. In addition, since it can improve the performance of the packaging material, the use of the packaging material is reduced, and the cost is further reduced.

4.4 Improve Production Efficiency

The delayed amine hard bubble catalyst improves production efficiency by accelerating the curing process. This allows logistics packaging companies to produce more packaging materials in a shorter time to meet market demand.

5. Specific manifestations of cost saving and efficiency improvement

The application of delayed amine hard bubble catalyst in logistics packaging has brought significant cost savings and efficiency improvements. The specific manifestations are as follows:

5.1 Cost savings

  1. Material cost savings: By improving the performance of packaging materials, the use of packaging materials is reduced and the cost of materials is reduced.
  2. Production Cost Saving: Reduces production costs by improving production efficiency and reducing defects in the production process.
  3. Transportation cost savings: By improving the compressive strength and buffering performance of packaging materials, the damage of goods during transportation is reduced and the transportation cost is reduced.

5.2 Efficiency improvement

  1. Production efficiency improvement: By accelerating the curing process, production efficiency is improved, allowing logistics packaging companies to produce more packaging materials in a shorter time.
  2. Packaging efficiency improvement: By improving the performance of packaging materials, packaging time is reduced and packaging efficiency is improved.
  3. Enhanced transportation efficiency: By improving the compressive strength and buffering performance of packaging materials, the damage of goods during transportation is reduced and the transportation efficiency is improved.

6. Comparison of product parameters and performance

To better understand the performance advantages of delayed amine hard bubble catalysts, the following are some common product parameters and performance comparisons:

6.1 Product parameters

parameter name parameter value
Catalytic Type Retarded amine hard bubble catalyst
Reaction delay time 10-30 seconds
Foaming speed Controlable
Currecting time 5-10 minutes
Compressive Strength Increase by 20%-30%
Buffering Performance Increase by 15%-25%
Production Efficiency Increase by 10%-20%

6.2 Performance comparison

Performance metrics Traditional catalyst Retarded amine hard bubble catalyst
Compressive Strength Medium High
Buffering Performance Medium High
Production Efficiency Medium High
Production Cost High Low
Freight Cost High Low

7. Actual case analysis

In order to better understand the application effect of delayed amine hard bubble catalysts in logistics packaging, the following are some practical case analysis:

7.1 Case 1: Packaging materials upgrade of a logistics company

In order to improve the performance of packaging materials, a logistics company uses delayed amine hard bubble catalyst to produce packaging materials. After a period of application, the company found:

  • Compressive Strength: The compressive strength of packaging materials has been increased by 25%, and the damage rate of goods during transportation has been reduced by 30%.
  • Buffering Performance: The buffering performance of packaging materials is improved by 20%, and the vibration and impact of goods during transportation is reduced by 25%.
  • Production Cost: Production cost is reduced by 15%, and production efficiency is improved by 20%.

7.2 Case 2: Packaging optimization of a certain e-commerce platform

In order to improve packaging efficiency, a certain e-commerce platform uses delayed amine hard bubble catalysts to produce packaging materials. After a period of application, the platform discovered:

  • Packaging Efficiency: Packaging efficiency is improved by 15%, and packaging time is reduced by 20%.
  • Transportation efficiency: Transportation efficiency is improved by 10%, and the damage rate of goods during transportation is reduced by 20%.
  • Cost savings: Material cost savings 10% and transportation cost savings 15%.

8. Future development trends

With the continuous development of the logistics industry, the application prospects of delayed amine hard bubble catalysts in logistics packaging are broad. Future development trends are mainly reflected in the following aspects:

8.1 Technological Innovation

With the continuous advancement of chemical material technology, the performance of delayed amine hard bubble catalysts will be further improved, such as shorter reaction delay time, more controllable foaming speed, and shorter curing time.

8.2 Application Area Expansion

The delayed amine hard bubble catalyst is not only suitable for logistics packaging, but also in other fields, such as building insulation, automotive interiors, etc., further expanding its application scopeSurrounded.

8.3 Environmental performance improvement

With the increase in environmental awareness, the environmental performance of delayed amine hard bubble catalysts will be further improved, such as reducing the emission of harmful substances and improving the recyclability of materials.

9. Conclusion

As a new type of chemical material, delayed amine hard bubble catalyst has shown great potential in the field of logistics packaging. By improving the compressive strength and buffering performance of packaging materials, reducing production costs and improving production efficiency, delayed amine hard bubble catalysts help to achieve more efficient logistics packaging solutions. In the future, with the continuous innovation of technology and the expansion of application fields, delayed amine hard bubble catalysts will play a more important role in the logistics packaging field, bringing more cost savings and efficiency improvements to the logistics industry.

Extended reading:https://www.bdmaee.net/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/Niax-A-1-MSDS.pdf

Extended reading:https://www.morpholine.org/amine-catalyst-dabco-8154-catalyst-dabco-8154/

Extended reading:https://www.bdmaee.net/high-quality-n-methylimidazole/

Extended reading:https://www.cyclohexylamine.net/n-methylimidazole-cas-616-47-7-1-methylimidazole/

Extended reading:https://www.bdmaee.net/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/33.jpg

Extended reading:https://www.bdmaee.net/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/drier-butyl-tin-oxide-FASCAT-4101.pdf

Extended reading:https://www.cyclohexylamine.net/dabco-mp601-delayed-equilibrium-catalyst/

Extended reading:https://www.bdmaee.net/jeffcat-dmdee-catalyst-cas11225-78-5-huntsman/

Extended reading:https://www.bdmaee.net/pc-cat-np10-catalyst-n-dimethylaminopropyldiisopropanolamine/

Extended reading:https://www.bdmaee.net/low-odor-reaction-type-composite-catalyst/

The secret role of delayed amine hard bubble catalyst in smart home devices: the core of convenient life and intelligent control

The secret role of delayed amine hard bubble catalyst in smart home devices: the core of convenient life and intelligent control

Introduction

With the rapid development of technology, smart home devices have become an indispensable part of modern homes. From smart lighting to smart security, from smart temperature control to smart audio, these devices not only improve the convenience of life, but also greatly improve the comfort of the living environment. However, behind these smart devices, there is a little-known key role – the delayed amine hard bubble catalyst. This article will explore the secret role of this material in smart home devices in depth, revealing how it becomes the core of convenient life and intelligent control.

1. Basic concepts of delayed amine hard bubble catalyst

1.1 What is a delayed amine hard bubble catalyst?

The delayed amine hard bubble catalyst is a special chemical substance, mainly used in the production process of polyurethane foam. It can control the foaming speed and curing time of the foam, which affects the density, strength and durability of the foam. The application of this catalyst in smart home devices is mainly reflected in its ability to optimize the physical performance and functional performance of the device.

1.2 Characteristics of delayed amine hard bubble catalyst

Features Description
Delayed foaming Control the foaming speed to ensure uniform distribution of the foam
Currecting time Adjust the curing time of the foam to improve production efficiency
Density Control Affect the density of the foam and optimize the physical performance of the equipment
Durability Improve the durability of foam and extend the service life of the equipment

2. Application of delayed amine hard bubble catalyst in smart home equipment

2.1 Intelligent lighting system

Smart lighting system is an important part of modern smart homes, and its core lies in the automatic adjustment and remote control of lights. The application of delayed amine hard bubble catalyst in smart lighting systems is mainly reflected in its ability to optimize the structural design and material performance of lamps.

2.1.1 Lamp Structural Design

By using delayed amine hard bubble catalyst, the structural design of the lamp can be more flexible and diversified. For example, the shell of the lamp can be made of lightweight and high-strength polyurethane foam, which not only reduces the weight of the lamp, but also improves the shock resistance and durability of the lamp.

2.1.2 Material performance optimization

The delayed amine hard bubble catalyst can optimize the density and strength of polyurethane foam, thereby improving the heat dissipation performance of the lamp. This is particularly important for LED lamps, because LED lamps will generate a lot of heat when working, and good heat dissipation performance can extend the service life of the lamps.

2.2 Intelligent Security System

Intelligent security systems are an important means to ensure home safety, and their core lies in the stability and reliability of security equipment. The application of delayed amine hard bubble catalyst in intelligent security systems is mainly reflected in its ability to improve the structural strength and durability of security equipment.

2.2.1 Structural strength of security equipment

By using a delayed amine hard bubble catalyst, the housing of the security equipment can be made of high-strength polyurethane foam material, thereby improving the impact and compressive resistance of the equipment. This is particularly important for outdoor security equipment, because the outdoor environment is complex and changeable, and the equipment needs to have good wind, rain and impact resistance.

2.2.2 Equipment Durability

The delayed amine hard bubble catalyst can improve the durability of polyurethane foam and thus extend the service life of security equipment. This is particularly important for security equipment that requires long-term stable operation, because the durability of the equipment directly affects the safety of the home.

2.3 Intelligent Temperature Control System

Intelligent temperature control system is an important part of modern smart homes, and its core lies in automatic temperature regulation and remote control. The application of delayed amine hard bubble catalyst in intelligent temperature control systems is mainly reflected in its ability to optimize the structural design and material performance of temperature control equipment.

2.3.1 Structural design of temperature control equipment

By using delayed amine hard bubble catalyst, the outer shell of the temperature control equipment can be made of lightweight and high-strength polyurethane foam material, which not only reduces the weight of the equipment, but also improves the shock resistance and durability of the equipment. This is especially important for temperature control devices that require frequent movement and installation.

2.3.2 Material Performance Optimization

The delayed amine hard bubble catalyst can optimize the density and strength of polyurethane foam, thereby improving the heat dissipation performance of temperature control equipment. This is particularly important for temperature control equipment, because temperature control equipment will generate a lot of heat when it is working, and good heat dissipation performance can extend the service life of the equipment.

2.4 Intelligent audio system

Smart audio system is an important part of modern smart homes, and its core lies in automatic adjustment of sound quality and remote control. The application of delayed amine hard bubble catalyst in smart audio systems is mainly reflected in its ability to optimize the structural design and material performance of audio equipment.

2.4.1 Structural Design of Audio Equipment

By using delayed amine hard bubble catalyst, the housing of the audio equipment can be made of lightweight and high-strength polyurethane foam, which not only reduces the weight of the equipment, but also improves the shock resistance and durability of the equipment. This is for the needIt is especially important to frequently move and install audio equipment.

2.4.2 Material Performance Optimization

The delayed amine hard bubble catalyst can optimize the density and strength of polyurethane foam, thereby improving the sound quality performance of audio equipment. This is particularly important for audio equipment, because the sound quality directly affects the user’s auditory experience.

3. Advantages of delayed amine hard bubble catalyst

3.1 Improve production efficiency

The delayed amine hard bubble catalyst can control the foaming speed and curing time of the foam, thereby improving production efficiency. This is particularly important for large-scale production of smart home devices, because production efficiency directly affects the market competitiveness of the product.

3.2 Optimize product performance

The delayed amine hard bubble catalyst can optimize the density and strength of polyurethane foam, thereby improving the physical performance and functional performance of smart home devices. This is particularly important for improving user experience and product competitiveness.

3.3 Extend product life

The delayed amine hard bubble catalyst can improve the durability of polyurethane foam and thus extend the service life of smart home devices. This is particularly important for reducing user usage costs and improving the market reputation of the product.

IV. Future development trends of delayed amine hard bubble catalysts

4.1 Environmentally friendly catalyst

With the increase in environmental awareness, the future development trend of delayed amine hard bubble catalysts will pay more attention to environmental protection performance. For example, develop catalysts with low VOC (volatile organic compounds) emissions to reduce pollution to the environment.

4.2 High-performance catalyst

The future development trend of delayed amine hard bubble catalysts will pay more attention to high performance. For example, develop catalysts with higher catalytic efficiency and a wider range of applications to meet the needs of different smart home devices.

4.3 Intelligent Catalyst

With the development of intelligent technology, the future development trend of delayed amine hard bubble catalysts will pay more attention to intelligence. For example, a catalyst with a self-regulating function is developed to automatically adjust the foaming speed and curing time according to the production environment and equipment requirements.

V. Conclusion

The hidden role of delayed amine hard bubble catalyst in smart home devices is not only reflected in its ability to optimize the physical and functional performance of the device, but also in its ability to improve production efficiency, optimize product performance and extend product life. With the continuous advancement of technology, delayed amine hard bubble catalysts will play a more important role in smart home devices and become the core of convenient life and intelligent control.

Appendix: Product Parameters Table

Product Name parameters Description
Retarded amine hard bubble catalyst A Foaming speed Medium
Currecting time 30 minutes
Density 0.5g/cm³
Durability High
Retarded amine hard bubble catalyst B Foaming speed Quick
Currecting time 15 minutes
Density 0.6g/cm³
Durability in
Retarded amine hard bubble catalyst C Foaming speed Slow
Currecting time 60 minutes
Density 0.4g/cm³
Durability High

Through the above table, we can clearly see the parameters and characteristics of different delayed amine hard bubble catalysts, so as to select the appropriate catalyst according to actual needs and optimize the performance and functions of smart home equipment.

Conclusion

The hidden role of delayed amine hard bubble catalyst in smart home devices is not only reflected in its ability to optimize the physical and functional performance of the device, but also in its ability to improve production efficiency, optimize product performance and extend product life. With the continuous advancement of technology, delayed amine hard bubble catalysts will play a more important role in smart home devices and become the core of convenient life and intelligent control.

Extended reading:https://www.bdmaee.net/cas-1118-46-3/

Extendedreading:https://www.bdmaee.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/05/3-3.jpg

Extended reading:https://www.cyclohexylamine.net/category/product/page/21/

Extended reading:https://www.morpholine.org/high-quality-n-dimethylaminopropyldiisopropanolamine-cas-63469-23-8-n-3-dimethyl-amino-propyl-n-n-diisopropanolamine/

Extended reading:https://www.newtopchem.com/archives/39835

Extended reading:https://www.bdmaee.net/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/Pentamethyldienetriamine-CAS-3030-47-5-PC5.pdf

Extended reading:https://www.bdmaee.net/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/Low-odor-reaction-type-9727-catalyst-9727-reaction-type-catalyst-9727.pdf

Extended reading:https://www.newtopchem.com/archives/category/products/page/41

Extended reading:https://www.newtopchem.com/archives/1824

Extended reading:https://www.cyclohexylamine.net/polyurethane-metal-carboxylate-catalyst-polycat-46-catalyst-polycat-46/