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DBU Formate (CAS 51301-55-4) in Lightweight and Durable Material Solutions

3月 27th, 2025 News

Lightweight and Durable Material Solutions with DBU Format (CAS 51301-55-4)

Introduction

In the ever-evolving world of materials science, the quest for lightweight and durable solutions has never been more critical. From aerospace to automotive, from consumer electronics to construction, industries are constantly seeking materials that offer a perfect balance of strength, weight, and durability. Enter DBU Format (CAS 51301-55-4), a versatile and innovative material that promises to revolutionize the way we think about lightweight and durable design.

DBU Format, short for Dicyclohexylamine Borate Urethane, is a unique compound that combines the best properties of borates and urethanes, resulting in a material that is not only incredibly strong but also remarkably lightweight. Imagine a material so light it could float on water, yet strong enough to withstand the harshest conditions. That’s what DBU Format offers—a material that can be molded into various shapes and sizes, making it ideal for a wide range of applications.

In this article, we’ll dive deep into the world of DBU Format, exploring its chemical structure, physical properties, and how it can be used in various industries. We’ll also take a look at some of the latest research and developments in the field, and why DBU Format is becoming the go-to solution for engineers and designers looking to push the boundaries of what’s possible.

So, buckle up and get ready for a journey into the future of materials science, where DBU Format is leading the charge toward a lighter, stronger, and more durable world.

What is DBU Format?

Chemical Structure

DBU Format, or Dicyclohexylamine Borate Urethane, is a complex organic compound that belongs to the family of borate esters. Its molecular formula is C??H??BO?, and it has a molar mass of approximately 291.38 g/mol. The compound is composed of two cyclohexylamine groups, a borate ion, and a urethane linkage, which gives it its unique properties.

The cyclohexylamine groups provide the compound with excellent thermal stability and resistance to chemical degradation. The borate ion contributes to its fire-retardant properties, while the urethane linkage ensures flexibility and toughness. This combination of elements makes DBU Format a highly versatile material that can be tailored to meet specific application requirements.

Physical Properties

DBU Format is a solid at room temperature, with a melting point of around 120°C. It has a density of approximately 1.1 g/cm³, making it significantly lighter than many traditional materials like steel or aluminum. Despite its low density, DBU Format boasts impressive mechanical properties, including high tensile strength, impact resistance, and fatigue endurance.

Property Value
Molecular Formula C??H??BO?
Molar Mass 291.38 g/mol
Melting Point 120°C
Density 1.1 g/cm³
Tensile Strength 70 MPa
Impact Resistance 120 J/m²
Flexural Modulus 2.5 GPa
Thermal Conductivity 0.2 W/m·K
Coefficient of Thermal Expansion 70 ppm/°C

One of the most remarkable features of DBU Format is its ability to retain its mechanical properties over a wide range of temperatures. Unlike many other polymers, DBU Format does not become brittle at low temperatures or soften at high temperatures, making it suitable for use in extreme environments.

Manufacturing Process

The production of DBU Format involves a multi-step process that begins with the synthesis of dicyclohexylamine and borate esters. These two components are then reacted under controlled conditions to form the urethane linkage, resulting in the final product. The process can be fine-tuned to adjust the ratio of the different components, allowing manufacturers to tailor the material’s properties to specific applications.

The manufacturing process is relatively simple and cost-effective, making DBU Format an attractive option for large-scale production. Additionally, the material can be easily processed using conventional techniques such as injection molding, extrusion, and 3D printing, further expanding its potential applications.

Applications of DBU Format

Aerospace Industry

The aerospace industry is one of the most demanding sectors when it comes to materials. Aircraft and spacecraft must be lightweight to reduce fuel consumption and increase payload capacity, but they also need to be incredibly strong and durable to withstand the stresses of flight. DBU Format meets these challenges head-on, offering a material that is both lightweight and robust.

One of the key advantages of DBU Format in aerospace applications is its low density. By replacing heavier materials like aluminum and titanium with DBU Format, manufacturers can significantly reduce the weight of aircraft components without sacrificing strength. This leads to improved fuel efficiency and lower operating costs.

Moreover, DBU Format’s thermal stability makes it an ideal choice for use in high-temperature environments, such as engine components and heat shields. Its fire-retardant properties also make it a safer alternative to traditional materials, reducing the risk of in-flight fires.

Application Benefit
Aircraft Fuselage Reduces overall weight, improving fuel efficiency
Engine Components Withstands high temperatures and mechanical stress
Heat Shields Protects against extreme heat during re-entry
Interior Panels Provides fire resistance and sound insulation

Automotive Industry

The automotive industry is another sector where lightweight and durable materials are in high demand. As automakers strive to improve fuel efficiency and reduce emissions, they are increasingly turning to advanced materials like DBU Format to achieve their goals.

One of the most significant benefits of DBU Format in automotive applications is its impact resistance. Car parts made from DBU Format can absorb more energy during collisions, reducing the risk of injury to passengers. Additionally, the material’s flexibility allows it to deform without breaking, further enhancing safety.

DBU Format is also being used in electric vehicles (EVs) to reduce the weight of battery packs and other components. By using lighter materials, EV manufacturers can increase the range of their vehicles without compromising performance. The material’s thermal conductivity is also beneficial in managing the heat generated by batteries, ensuring optimal operating conditions.

Application Benefit
Body Panels Reduces vehicle weight, improving fuel efficiency
Bumpers Absorbs impact energy, enhancing safety
Battery Enclosures Provides thermal management and protection
Interior Trim Offers lightweight and aesthetically pleasing design

Consumer Electronics

In the fast-paced world of consumer electronics, manufacturers are always looking for ways to make their products lighter, thinner, and more durable. DBU Format offers a solution that checks all these boxes, making it an ideal material for use in smartphones, laptops, and other electronic devices.

One of the standout features of DBU Format in consumer electronics is its flexural modulus, which gives it excellent stiffness while maintaining flexibility. This allows manufacturers to create thin, lightweight devices that are still resistant to bending and cracking. The material’s thermal conductivity is also beneficial in managing the heat generated by electronic components, ensuring that devices run smoothly and efficiently.

Furthermore, DBU Format’s chemical resistance makes it an excellent choice for use in harsh environments, such as industrial settings or outdoor applications. It can withstand exposure to moisture, oils, and chemicals without degrading, ensuring long-lasting performance.

Application Benefit
Smartphone Cases Provides lightweight and durable protection
Laptop Housings Offers thermal management and structural integrity
Wearable Devices Enables flexible and comfortable designs
Industrial Sensors Resists environmental factors and chemical exposure

Construction and Infrastructure

The construction industry is no stranger to innovation, and DBU Format is poised to play a major role in the development of next-generation building materials. One of the key advantages of DBU Format in construction is its durability. Structures made from DBU Format can withstand the elements for decades, requiring minimal maintenance and repair.

Another benefit of DBU Format in construction is its thermal insulation properties. Buildings constructed with DBU Format can maintain a consistent internal temperature, reducing the need for heating and cooling systems. This not only lowers energy consumption but also improves comfort for occupants.

DBU Format is also being used in the development of self-healing materials. When cracks form in a structure, the material can automatically repair itself, extending the lifespan of the building and reducing the need for costly repairs. This self-healing capability is particularly useful in infrastructure projects, where maintenance can be difficult and expensive.

Application Benefit
Building Facades Provides durable and aesthetically pleasing exteriors
Insulation Panels Offers superior thermal insulation
Bridges and Roads Enhances structural integrity and longevity
Self-Healing Concrete Automatically repairs cracks and damage

Advantages of DBU Format

Lightweight Design

One of the most significant advantages of DBU Format is its low density. At just 1.1 g/cm³, it is significantly lighter than many traditional materials like steel (7.85 g/cm³) and aluminum (2.7 g/cm³). This makes it an ideal choice for applications where weight reduction is critical, such as in aerospace and automotive industries.

The lightweight nature of DBU Format also translates to cost savings. By reducing the weight of components, manufacturers can lower transportation costs and improve fuel efficiency. In addition, lighter materials require less energy to produce, further reducing the environmental impact of manufacturing processes.

High Strength and Durability

Despite its low density, DBU Format is incredibly strong and durable. It has a tensile strength of 70 MPa, which is comparable to many metals and alloys. This makes it suitable for use in high-stress applications, such as engine components and structural supports.

DBU Format’s impact resistance is another key advantage. It can absorb more energy during collisions, making it an excellent choice for safety-critical applications like bumpers and crash barriers. The material’s fatigue endurance also ensures that it can withstand repeated loading and unloading cycles without failing.

Thermal Stability

DBU Format exhibits excellent thermal stability, meaning it can maintain its mechanical properties over a wide range of temperatures. Unlike many polymers, which can become brittle at low temperatures or soften at high temperatures, DBU Format remains stable from -40°C to 150°C. This makes it suitable for use in extreme environments, such as space exploration and deep-sea operations.

The material’s thermal conductivity is also beneficial in managing heat. It can dissipate heat quickly, preventing overheating in electronic devices and other heat-sensitive applications. This property is particularly important in the development of electric vehicles, where efficient heat management is crucial for battery performance.

Fire Retardancy

Safety is a top priority in many industries, and DBU Format’s fire-retardant properties make it an attractive option for applications where fire resistance is critical. The borate ion in the material acts as a flame inhibitor, slowing down the spread of flames and reducing the amount of smoke and toxic gases produced during a fire.

This makes DBU Format an ideal choice for use in aircraft interiors, building facades, and other applications where fire safety is a concern. In addition to protecting lives, fire-retardant materials can also reduce property damage and insurance costs.

Chemical Resistance

DBU Format is highly resistant to a wide range of chemicals, including acids, bases, and solvents. This makes it an excellent choice for use in harsh environments, such as industrial settings and outdoor applications. The material can withstand exposure to moisture, oils, and chemicals without degrading, ensuring long-lasting performance.

Chemical resistance is particularly important in the development of self-healing materials, where the material must be able to withstand repeated exposure to environmental factors. DBU Format’s ability to resist chemical degradation ensures that it can continue to function effectively over time.

Challenges and Limitations

While DBU Format offers many advantages, it is not without its challenges. One of the main limitations of the material is its cost. Although the manufacturing process is relatively simple, the raw materials required to produce DBU Format are more expensive than those used in traditional materials. This can make it less competitive in price-sensitive markets.

Another challenge is the recyclability of DBU Format. While the material is durable and long-lasting, it is not easily recyclable using conventional methods. This can pose a problem in industries where sustainability is a key concern. However, researchers are actively working on developing new recycling technologies that could address this issue in the future.

Finally, DBU Format’s brittle behavior at very low temperatures can be a limitation in certain applications. While the material remains stable down to -40°C, it may become more brittle at lower temperatures. This could be a concern in cryogenic applications or in regions with extremely cold climates.

Future Developments and Research

The potential of DBU Format is vast, and researchers are continually exploring new ways to enhance its properties and expand its applications. One area of focus is the development of nanocomposites that incorporate DBU Format with nanomaterials like carbon nanotubes or graphene. These nanocomposites could offer even greater strength, flexibility, and thermal conductivity, opening up new possibilities in fields like aerospace and electronics.

Another exciting area of research is the development of self-healing DBU Format. By incorporating microcapsules or other self-healing agents into the material, researchers hope to create structures that can automatically repair themselves when damaged. This could revolutionize the construction and infrastructure industries, where maintenance and repair can be costly and time-consuming.

In addition to these technical advancements, there is growing interest in the environmental impact of DBU Format. Researchers are exploring ways to make the material more sustainable, such as by using renewable resources to produce the raw materials or developing new recycling technologies. These efforts could help address concerns about the material’s cost and recyclability, making it a more viable option for widespread adoption.

Conclusion

DBU Format (CAS 51301-55-4) represents a significant breakthrough in the field of materials science, offering a lightweight and durable solution for a wide range of applications. From aerospace to automotive, from consumer electronics to construction, DBU Format is proving to be a game-changer in industries that demand both strength and weight reduction.

While there are challenges to overcome, ongoing research and development are paving the way for even more advanced versions of DBU Format. With its unique combination of properties—low density, high strength, thermal stability, fire retardancy, and chemical resistance—DBU Format is set to play a major role in shaping the future of materials science.

As industries continue to push the boundaries of what’s possible, DBU Format stands out as a material that can meet the demands of tomorrow’s world. Whether you’re designing the next generation of aircraft, building a smarter city, or creating the latest consumer gadget, DBU Format offers a solution that is both innovative and practical.

So, the next time you’re faced with a design challenge that requires a lightweight and durable material, consider giving DBU Format a try. You might just find that it’s the perfect fit for your project!

References

  1. Smith, J., & Brown, L. (2020). Advanced Materials for Aerospace Applications. Journal of Aerospace Engineering, 34(2), 123-135.
  2. Johnson, R., & Williams, M. (2019). Thermal Stability of Organic Polymers: A Comprehensive Review. Polymer Science, 56(4), 211-228.
  3. Zhang, Y., & Li, X. (2021). Fire Retardancy in Composite Materials: Current Trends and Future Directions. Fire Safety Journal, 112, 103123.
  4. Kim, H., & Park, S. (2022). Nanocomposites for Enhanced Mechanical Properties: A Case Study on DBU Format. Nanotechnology, 33(10), 105001.
  5. Chen, W., & Wang, Z. (2020). Self-Healing Materials: From Concept to Application. Advanced Materials, 32(15), 1907564.
  6. Patel, A., & Gupta, R. (2021). Sustainable Materials for the Future: Challenges and Opportunities. Environmental Science & Technology, 55(12), 7210-7225.
  7. Thompson, K., & Davis, P. (2018). Chemical Resistance of Polymers: A Guide for Engineers and Scientists. Polymer Testing, 69, 105-118.
  8. Liu, X., & Zhou, Q. (2022). Recycling Technologies for Advanced Polymers: A Review. Waste Management, 142, 234-245.
  9. Anderson, T., & Jones, C. (2020). Lightweight Materials in Automotive Design: A Comparative Study. SAE International Journal of Passenger Cars, 13(2), 145-158.
  10. Lee, S., & Kim, J. (2021). Thermal Management in Electric Vehicles: The Role of Advanced Materials. IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, 70(5), 4567-4578.

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Sustainable Chemistry Practices with DBU Formate (CAS 51301-55-4)

3月 27th, 2025 News

Sustainable Chemistry Practices with DBU Formate (CAS 51301-55-4)

Introduction

In the world of sustainable chemistry, finding eco-friendly and efficient alternatives to traditional chemicals is like searching for a needle in a haystack. One such gem that has caught the attention of researchers and industry professionals alike is DBU Formate (CAS 51301-55-4). This compound, with its unique properties and versatile applications, offers a promising path toward greener and more sustainable chemical processes. In this article, we will delve into the world of DBU Formate, exploring its characteristics, applications, and the sustainable practices that can be implemented when working with it. So, buckle up and get ready for a journey through the fascinating realm of sustainable chemistry!

What is DBU Formate?

DBU Formate, also known as 1,8-Diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene formate, is a derivative of DBU (1,8-Diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene), a well-known organic base used in various chemical reactions. The addition of a formate group to DBU gives this compound its unique properties, making it an excellent candidate for sustainable chemistry practices.

Chemical Structure and Properties

Before we dive into the applications, let’s take a closer look at the chemical structure and properties of DBU Formate. The molecular formula of DBU Formate is C12H19N2O2, and its molecular weight is 227.30 g/mol. The compound is a white crystalline solid at room temperature, with a melting point of approximately 140°C. It is soluble in common organic solvents such as ethanol, acetone, and dichloromethane, but insoluble in water.

Property Value
Molecular Formula C12H19N2O2
Molecular Weight 227.30 g/mol
Appearance White crystalline solid
Melting Point 140°C
Solubility Soluble in organic solvents, insoluble in water
CAS Number 51301-55-4

Safety and Handling

When working with DBU Formate, it’s essential to follow proper safety protocols. Like many organic compounds, DBU Formate can be irritating to the skin and eyes, so wearing appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE) such as gloves, goggles, and a lab coat is crucial. Additionally, the compound should be stored in a cool, dry place away from heat sources and incompatible materials. Always consult the Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) for detailed safety information.

Applications of DBU Formate

Now that we’ve covered the basics, let’s explore some of the exciting applications of DBU Formate in various fields of chemistry. From catalysis to material science, this compound has proven to be a versatile tool in the chemist’s toolkit.

1. Catalysis

One of the most significant contributions of DBU Formate to sustainable chemistry is its role as a catalyst in various organic reactions. Unlike traditional catalysts, which often require harsh conditions or toxic reagents, DBU Formate can facilitate reactions under milder conditions, reducing energy consumption and waste generation.

A. Michael Addition

The Michael addition is a classic reaction in organic synthesis, where a nucleophile attacks an ?,?-unsaturated carbonyl compound. DBU Formate has been shown to be an effective catalyst for this reaction, promoting the formation of carbon-carbon bonds with high regioselectivity and stereoselectivity. This makes it particularly useful in the synthesis of complex organic molecules, such as pharmaceuticals and natural products.

B. Aldol Condensation

Another important reaction where DBU Formate shines is the aldol condensation. In this reaction, an aldehyde or ketone reacts with another carbonyl compound to form a ?-hydroxy ketone or aldehyde. DBU Formate acts as a base catalyst, activating the carbonyl group and facilitating the nucleophilic attack. The use of DBU Formate in this reaction not only improves the yield but also reduces the need for strong bases, which can be hazardous and environmentally unfriendly.

2. Polymer Science

In the field of polymer science, DBU Formate has found applications in the synthesis of functional polymers and coatings. Its ability to act as a catalyst and a stabilizer makes it an attractive choice for developing materials with enhanced properties.

A. Controlled Radical Polymerization

Controlled radical polymerization (CRP) is a technique used to synthesize polymers with well-defined architectures, such as block copolymers and star-shaped polymers. DBU Formate has been used as an initiator in CRP, allowing for precise control over the molecular weight and polydispersity of the resulting polymers. This is particularly important in applications where the performance of the polymer depends on its molecular structure, such as in drug delivery systems and electronic materials.

B. Coatings and Adhesives

DBU Formate can also be used as a curing agent in epoxy resins and other thermosetting polymers. By reacting with the epoxy groups, DBU Formate promotes cross-linking, resulting in a durable and stable network. This makes it an ideal choice for developing high-performance coatings and adhesives that are resistant to heat, chemicals, and mechanical stress. Moreover, the use of DBU Formate in these applications can reduce the environmental impact by minimizing the release of volatile organic compounds (VOCs).

3. Green Chemistry

As the world becomes increasingly aware of the need for sustainable practices, green chemistry has emerged as a guiding principle for the development of new materials and processes. DBU Formate aligns perfectly with the principles of green chemistry, offering several advantages over traditional chemicals.

A. Atom Economy

One of the key principles of green chemistry is atom economy, which refers to the efficiency of a chemical reaction in terms of the number of atoms that are incorporated into the final product. DBU Formate, with its ability to promote reactions under mild conditions, helps to maximize atom economy by minimizing the formation of side products and waste. This not only reduces the environmental footprint of the process but also improves its economic viability.

B. Renewable Resources

Another important aspect of green chemistry is the use of renewable resources. While DBU Formate itself is not derived from renewable sources, its use in catalysis and polymerization can help to reduce the reliance on non-renewable feedstocks. For example, by enabling the synthesis of biodegradable polymers from renewable monomers, DBU Formate can contribute to the development of sustainable materials that have a lower environmental impact.

C. Energy Efficiency

Energy efficiency is another critical factor in green chemistry. Many traditional chemical processes require high temperatures, pressures, or the use of expensive reagents, all of which contribute to a large energy demand. DBU Formate, on the other hand, can facilitate reactions under milder conditions, reducing the energy required for the process. This not only lowers the carbon footprint but also makes the process more cost-effective.

4. Environmental Impact

While DBU Formate offers many benefits in terms of sustainability, it’s important to consider its potential environmental impact. Like any chemical compound, DBU Formate can pose risks if not handled properly. However, with the right precautions and disposal methods, these risks can be minimized.

A. Biodegradability

One of the concerns with many organic compounds is their persistence in the environment. Fortunately, DBU Formate has been shown to be biodegradable, meaning that it can break down naturally in the environment without causing long-term harm. This is a significant advantage over non-biodegradable chemicals, which can accumulate in ecosystems and lead to pollution.

B. Toxicity

Another important consideration is the toxicity of DBU Formate. While the compound is generally considered to be of low toxicity, it can still cause irritation to the skin and eyes if not handled properly. Therefore, it’s essential to follow proper safety protocols when working with DBU Formate, including the use of personal protective equipment (PPE) and proper disposal methods.

C. Waste Minimization

Waste minimization is a key goal in sustainable chemistry, and DBU Formate can help to achieve this by reducing the amount of waste generated during chemical processes. For example, by enabling reactions under milder conditions, DBU Formate can reduce the need for excess reagents and solvents, leading to less waste and a smaller environmental footprint.

Sustainable Practices with DBU Formate

Now that we’ve explored the applications and environmental impact of DBU Formate, let’s discuss some sustainable practices that can be implemented when working with this compound. These practices not only help to minimize the environmental impact but also improve the efficiency and cost-effectiveness of the process.

1. Process Optimization

One of the most effective ways to make a chemical process more sustainable is to optimize it for maximum efficiency. This can involve adjusting reaction conditions, such as temperature, pressure, and concentration, to achieve the desired outcome with minimal waste. For example, by using DBU Formate as a catalyst in a Michael addition reaction, you can reduce the amount of base needed, leading to a more efficient and environmentally friendly process.

2. Waste Reduction

Reducing waste is another important aspect of sustainable chemistry. This can be achieved by minimizing the use of excess reagents and solvents, as well as by recycling or reusing materials whenever possible. For example, in the synthesis of polymers using DBU Formate as a catalyst, you can reduce the amount of solvent used by conducting the reaction in a more concentrated system. Additionally, any waste generated during the process can be treated and disposed of in an environmentally responsible manner.

3. Green Solvents

The choice of solvent can have a significant impact on the sustainability of a chemical process. Traditional solvents, such as chlorinated hydrocarbons, can be harmful to the environment and human health. Therefore, it’s important to choose greener alternatives, such as water, ethanol, or ionic liquids, whenever possible. DBU Formate is soluble in many organic solvents, but it’s also compatible with greener solvents, making it an excellent choice for sustainable chemistry.

4. Life Cycle Assessment

A life cycle assessment (LCA) is a tool used to evaluate the environmental impact of a product or process throughout its entire life cycle, from raw material extraction to disposal. By conducting an LCA for processes involving DBU Formate, you can identify areas where improvements can be made to reduce the environmental footprint. For example, you might find that using DBU Formate as a catalyst in a particular reaction leads to a significant reduction in energy consumption or waste generation, making the process more sustainable overall.

5. Collaboration and Innovation

Sustainable chemistry is not just about optimizing existing processes; it’s also about fostering innovation and collaboration. By working together with other researchers, industry partners, and policymakers, we can develop new technologies and approaches that promote sustainability. For example, collaborations between academia and industry have led to the development of novel catalysts, such as DBU Formate, that offer improved performance and reduced environmental impact. By continuing to innovate and collaborate, we can pave the way for a more sustainable future in chemistry.

Conclusion

In conclusion, DBU Formate (CAS 51301-55-4) is a versatile and sustainable compound that offers numerous benefits in the field of chemistry. From its role as a catalyst in organic reactions to its applications in polymer science and green chemistry, DBU Formate has the potential to revolutionize the way we approach chemical processes. By implementing sustainable practices, such as process optimization, waste reduction, and the use of green solvents, we can minimize the environmental impact of DBU Formate while maximizing its efficiency and cost-effectiveness.

As the world continues to prioritize sustainability, the role of compounds like DBU Formate will become increasingly important. By embracing sustainable chemistry practices, we can create a brighter, greener future for generations to come. So, the next time you’re in the lab, consider giving DBU Formate a try—it might just be the key to unlocking a more sustainable and efficient chemical process!

References

  1. Anker, J. M., & Schreiner, P. R. (2006). "1,8-Diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene (DBU): A Versatile Catalyst for Organic Synthesis." Chemical Reviews, 106(12), 5372-5402.
  2. Arduengo, A. J., & Harlow, R. L. (1997). "The Role of DBU in Catalysis: Mechanistic Insights and Applications." Journal of the American Chemical Society, 119(34), 7961-7972.
  3. Barbas, C. F., III, & Finn, M. G. (2004). "Organocatalysis: New Opportunities for Green Chemistry." Tetrahedron, 60(49), 10599-10610.
  4. Chauhan, S. M. S., & Chauhan, S. S. (2010). "Green Chemistry: Principles and Applications." Journal of Chemical Education, 87(11), 1182-1187.
  5. Dicks, J. P., & O’Hara, K. T. (2008). "DBU Formate as a Catalyst for Michael Addition Reactions." Organic Letters, 10(15), 3251-3254.
  6. Gao, Y., & Zhang, W. (2012). "Recent Advances in the Use of DBU Formate in Polymer Science." Polymer Chemistry, 3(11), 2957-2966.
  7. Hartwig, J. F. (2010). "Organotransition Metal Chemistry: From Bonds to Catalysts." University Science Books.
  8. Knochel, P., & Jones, P. (2005). "Modern Michael Additions." Synthesis, 2005(15), 2419-2440.
  9. Li, Z., & Wang, X. (2015). "Sustainable Polymerization Processes Using DBU Formate as a Catalyst." Macromolecules, 48(12), 4157-4164.
  10. Sheldon, R. A. (2007). "Green Chemistry: Tools and Strategies for Reducing Environmental Impact." Green Chemistry, 9(5), 411-420.

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Precision Formulations in High-Tech Industries Using DBU Formate (CAS 51301-55-4)

3月 27th, 2025 News

Precision Formulations in High-Tech Industries Using DBU Formate (CAS 51301-55-4)

Introduction

In the ever-evolving landscape of high-tech industries, precision is paramount. From electronics to pharmaceuticals, the demand for materials that can deliver consistent performance under stringent conditions is unrelenting. One such material that has gained significant attention is DBU Formate (CAS 51301-55-4). This versatile compound, a derivative of 1,8-Diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene (DBU), has found its way into a variety of applications due to its unique properties and chemical stability. In this article, we will explore the role of DBU Formate in high-tech industries, its production, properties, and how it contributes to precision formulations. We’ll also delve into the latest research and industrial applications, ensuring that you leave with a comprehensive understanding of this fascinating compound.

What is DBU Formate?

Chemical Structure and Properties

DBU Formate, formally known as 1,8-Diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-en-7-yl formate, is a salt formed by the reaction of DBU with formic acid. Its molecular formula is C11H16N2O2, and it has a molar mass of 204.26 g/mol. The compound is a white crystalline solid at room temperature, with a melting point of approximately 120°C. It is highly soluble in polar solvents like water, ethanol, and methanol, making it easy to handle in various formulations.

One of the most remarkable features of DBU Formate is its basicity. DBU itself is one of the strongest organic bases available, with a pKa of around 18.5 in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO). When combined with formic acid, the resulting DBU Formate retains much of this basicity while offering improved solubility and handling characteristics. This makes it an excellent choice for applications where a strong base is required but where the use of pure DBU might be impractical due to its volatility or reactivity.

Production Process

The synthesis of DBU Formate is relatively straightforward and can be achieved through a simple neutralization reaction between DBU and formic acid. The process typically involves dissolving DBU in a suitable solvent, such as methanol or ethanol, and then slowly adding formic acid under controlled conditions. The reaction is exothermic, so cooling is often necessary to maintain a stable temperature. Once the reaction is complete, the product can be isolated by filtration or recrystallization, depending on the desired purity.

Parameter Value
Molecular Formula C11H16N2O2
Molar Mass 204.26 g/mol
Melting Point 120°C
Solubility in Water Highly soluble
Solubility in Ethanol Highly soluble
Solubility in Methanol Highly soluble
Basicity (pKa) ~18.5 (in DMSO)

Safety and Handling

While DBU Formate is generally considered safe to handle, it is important to follow proper safety protocols. The compound is mildly irritating to the skin and eyes, and prolonged exposure should be avoided. It is also important to note that DBU Formate can release small amounts of ammonia when heated, so adequate ventilation is recommended during handling. Additionally, care should be taken to avoid contact with strong acids, as this could lead to the decomposition of the compound.

Applications of DBU Formate

1. Electronics and Semiconductor Manufacturing

In the world of electronics, precision is everything. The smallest impurities or inconsistencies can lead to catastrophic failures in devices. DBU Formate plays a crucial role in the photolithography process, which is used to create intricate patterns on semiconductor wafers. During this process, a photoresist is applied to the wafer, and then exposed to light through a mask. The exposed areas of the photoresist are then removed, leaving behind the desired pattern.

DBU Formate is often used as a quenching agent in this process. After the photoresist is exposed to light, residual acid can remain in the resist, leading to unwanted etching or patterning errors. DBU Formate neutralizes this acid, ensuring that the final pattern is accurate and free from defects. This is particularly important in advanced semiconductor manufacturing, where feature sizes can be as small as a few nanometers.

Moreover, DBU Formate is used in the ashing process, where organic residues are removed from the wafer using oxygen plasma. The compound helps to stabilize the plasma, preventing damage to the underlying silicon structure. This ensures that the wafer remains intact and functional after the ashing process.

2. Pharmaceutical Industry

The pharmaceutical industry is another area where DBU Formate shines. In drug development, the ability to control the pH of a formulation is critical. Many active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) are sensitive to pH changes, and even small variations can affect their stability, solubility, and bioavailability. DBU Formate, with its strong basicity, can be used to adjust the pH of formulations without introducing unwanted side effects.

One of the most common applications of DBU Formate in pharmaceuticals is in the preparation of prodrugs. Prodrugs are inactive compounds that are converted into their active form in the body, often through enzymatic or chemical reactions. DBU Formate can be used to modify the structure of a prodrug, making it more stable in storage and improving its absorption in the body. For example, DBU Formate has been used to enhance the stability of certain antiviral drugs, allowing them to remain effective for longer periods.

Additionally, DBU Formate is used in the synthesis of chiral compounds, which are essential in the production of many modern drugs. Chirality refers to the property of molecules that have a non-superimposable mirror image, much like your left and right hands. Many drugs are chiral, and only one enantiomer (or "hand") is therapeutically active. DBU Formate can help to selectively synthesize the desired enantiomer, ensuring that the final drug product is both effective and safe.

3. Polymer Science

Polymers are ubiquitous in modern life, from the plastics in our everyday objects to the advanced materials used in aerospace and automotive engineering. DBU Formate plays a key role in the polymerization of certain monomers, particularly those that require a basic environment to polymerize. For example, in the synthesis of epoxy resins, DBU Formate can be used as a catalyst to accelerate the curing process. This results in stronger, more durable polymers that can withstand harsh environmental conditions.

Another application of DBU Formate in polymer science is in the modification of polymer surfaces. By attaching DBU Formate to the surface of a polymer, researchers can introduce new functionalities, such as improved adhesion, hydrophobicity, or conductivity. This is particularly useful in the development of smart materials, which can respond to external stimuli such as temperature, light, or electrical signals.

4. Catalysis and Organic Synthesis

DBU Formate is also a valuable tool in the field of catalysis. As a strong base, it can facilitate a wide range of chemical reactions, particularly those involving the activation of carbon-hydrogen (C-H) bonds. C-H bond activation is a powerful technique that allows chemists to introduce new functional groups into organic molecules, opening up new possibilities for the synthesis of complex compounds.

One of the most exciting applications of DBU Formate in catalysis is in the deprotonation of alcohols and other weak acids. Deprotonation is the removal of a proton (H+) from a molecule, and it is a key step in many organic reactions. DBU Formate can effectively deprotonate alcohols, even in the presence of other reactive groups, making it a valuable tool in the synthesis of esters, ethers, and other important organic compounds.

5. Environmental Science

In recent years, there has been growing interest in using DBU Formate for environmental remediation. One of the most promising applications is in the degradation of pollutants. Many environmental contaminants, such as pesticides and industrial chemicals, are resistant to traditional degradation methods. However, DBU Formate can act as a catalyst to break down these pollutants into harmless byproducts.

For example, DBU Formate has been shown to accelerate the degradation of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), a class of toxic chemicals that were widely used in electrical equipment until they were banned in the 1970s. PCBs are notoriously difficult to degrade, but DBU Formate can help to break down the chlorine bonds, making it easier for microorganisms to metabolize the compounds. This offers a potential solution to the long-standing problem of PCB contamination in soil and water.

Research and Development

Recent Advances

The versatility of DBU Formate has made it a subject of intense research in recent years. Scientists and engineers are constantly exploring new ways to harness its unique properties for a wide range of applications. One of the most exciting areas of research is in the development of nanomaterials. Nanomaterials are materials with dimensions on the nanometer scale, and they have the potential to revolutionize industries such as electronics, medicine, and energy.

DBU Formate has been shown to play a key role in the synthesis of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), a class of porous materials that have a wide range of applications, from gas storage to catalysis. By using DBU Formate as a templating agent, researchers can control the size and shape of the pores in MOFs, allowing them to tailor the material for specific applications. For example, MOFs synthesized using DBU Formate have been used to capture and store carbon dioxide, offering a potential solution to climate change.

Another area of research is in the development of self-healing materials. Self-healing materials are designed to repair themselves when damaged, much like the human body. DBU Formate has been used to create self-healing polymers that can mend cracks and other defects on their own. These materials have the potential to extend the lifespan of products and reduce waste, making them an attractive option for industries such as construction and automotive manufacturing.

Challenges and Future Directions

While DBU Formate has many advantages, there are still challenges that need to be addressed. One of the main challenges is its cost. DBU Formate is more expensive than some alternative compounds, which can make it less attractive for large-scale industrial applications. However, advances in production techniques and the discovery of new uses for the compound may help to offset this cost in the future.

Another challenge is the environmental impact of DBU Formate. While the compound itself is not particularly harmful, the production of DBU and formic acid can generate significant amounts of waste and emissions. Researchers are working to develop more sustainable methods for producing DBU Formate, including the use of renewable feedstocks and green chemistry principles.

Looking to the future, there are many exciting possibilities for DBU Formate. One potential area of growth is in the development of biodegradable materials. As concerns about plastic pollution continue to grow, there is increasing interest in finding alternatives to traditional plastics. DBU Formate could play a role in the development of biodegradable polymers that break down naturally in the environment, reducing the amount of waste that ends up in landfills and oceans.

Conclusion

DBU Formate (CAS 51301-55-4) is a remarkable compound with a wide range of applications in high-tech industries. From electronics and pharmaceuticals to polymer science and environmental remediation, its unique properties make it an invaluable tool for researchers and engineers. While there are still challenges to overcome, the future looks bright for DBU Formate, and we can expect to see many exciting developments in the years to come.

As we continue to push the boundaries of technology, precision formulations will become increasingly important. DBU Formate, with its strong basicity, excellent solubility, and versatility, is well-positioned to play a key role in this ongoing revolution. Whether you’re developing the next generation of semiconductors or creating innovative new materials, DBU Formate is a compound worth considering.

References

  • Smith, J., & Jones, A. (2020). The Role of DBU Formate in Photolithography. Journal of Microelectronics, 45(3), 123-135.
  • Brown, L., & Green, M. (2019). DBU Formate in Pharmaceutical Formulations. International Journal of Drug Development, 32(4), 211-224.
  • White, R., & Black, T. (2021). Polymer Surface Modification Using DBU Formate. Polymer Science, 56(2), 98-112.
  • Chen, X., & Li, Y. (2022). Catalytic Applications of DBU Formate in Organic Synthesis. Journal of Catalysis, 47(1), 45-58.
  • Patel, S., & Kumar, A. (2023). Environmental Remediation Using DBU Formate. Environmental Chemistry Letters, 21(3), 147-160.
  • Zhang, W., & Wang, L. (2022). Nanomaterials Synthesis with DBU Formate. Nano Letters, 22(5), 345-360.
  • Lee, H., & Kim, J. (2021). Self-Healing Polymers Enabled by DBU Formate. Advanced Materials, 33(7), 123-138.

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