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New progress in the synthesis route and purification technology of dibutyltin dilaurate

9月 23rd, 2024 News

New progress in the synthesis route and purification technology of dibutyltin dilaurate

Introduction

Dibutyltin dilaurate (DBTDL), as an efficient catalyst and stabilizer, has been widely used in many industrial fields. This article will review the new progress in the synthesis route of DBTDL and its purification technology, aiming to provide a reference for researchers and enterprises to improve the production efficiency and product quality of DBTDL.

1. Synthetic route of dibutyltin dilaurate

  1. Traditional synthesis methods

    • Reaction principle: The traditional synthesis method mainly prepares DBTDL through the esterification reaction of dibutyltin oxide and lauric acid.
    • Reaction steps:
      1. Raw material preparation: Mix dibutyltin oxide and lauric acid in a certain proportion.
      2. Esterification reaction: At a certain temperature (usually 120-150°C), the raw materials are thoroughly mixed by stirring to carry out esterification reaction.
      3. Post-treatment: After the reaction is completed, the product is purified through filtration, washing, drying and other steps.

  2. Improved synthesis method

    • Catalyst usage: In order to improve reaction efficiency, catalysts, such as sulfuric acid, sodium hydroxide, etc., can be added during the reaction process.
    • Optimization of reaction conditions: Improve the selectivity and yield of the reaction by optimizing conditions such as reaction temperature, time and pressure.
    • Continuous reaction: Use continuous reaction devices to improve production efficiency and reduce the occurrence of side reactions.

  3. Novel synthesis method

    • Microwave-assisted synthesis: Use microwave heating technology to increase reaction rate and yield. Microwave heating can achieve rapid temperature rise, reduce reaction time, and improve reaction selectivity.
    • Ultrasound-assisted synthesis: Use the cavitation effect of ultrasonic waves to promote the mixing and reaction of raw materials and improve reaction efficiency.
    • Solvothermal synthesis: Using solvothermal method to synthesize DBTDL under high temperature and high pressure conditions can reduce the occurrence of side reactions and improve the purity of the product.

II. Purification technology of dibutyltin dilaurate

  1. Traditional purification methods

    • Distillation: Remove unreacted raw materials and by-products through vacuum distillation or molecular distillation to improve the purity of the product.
    • Extraction: Use organic solvents (such as ethanol, methanol, etc.) to extract the crude product to remove impurities.
    • Filtration: Remove insoluble impurities, such as catalyst residues, etc. through filtration.
    • Recrystallization: Dissolve the crude product in a suitable solvent and purify the product by recrystallization.

  2. Improved purification method

    • Membrane separation technology: Use membrane separation technologies such as nanofiltration and reverse osmosis to remove small molecule impurities and solvents and improve the purity of the product.
    • Ion exchange: Remove metal ions and other impurities from the product through ion exchange resin.
    • Adsorption: Use adsorbents such as activated carbon and molecular sieves to remove organic impurities and moisture in the product.

  3. New purification technology

    • Supercritical fluid extraction: Use supercritical carbon dioxide as a solvent to extract and purify DBTDL. Supercritical fluids have good dissolving ability and low toxicity, and can effectively remove impurities.
    • Electrodialysis: Through electrodialysis technology, electrolytes and small molecule impurities in the product are removed to improve the purity of the product.
    • Molecular Imprinting Technology: Use molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) to selectively adsorb and purify DBTDL to improve the purity and selectivity of the product.

3. New progress in synthetic pathways and purification technologies

  1. Microwave-assisted synthesis

    • Research Progress: Microwave-assisted synthesis technology has made significant progress in the preparation of DBTDL. Research shows that microwave heating can significantly shorten the reaction time and improve the selectivity and yield of the reaction.
    • Practical application: Some companies have adopted microwave-assisted synthesis technology in production to achieve efficient and low-cost DBTDL production.

  2. Ultrasound-assisted synthesis

    • Research Progress: Ultrasound-assisted synthesis technology has also made important progress in the preparation of DBTDL. The cavitation effect of ultrasonic waves can promote the mixing and reaction of raw materials and improve reaction efficiency.
    • Practical application: Ultrasound-assisted synthesis technology has been applied to laboratory-scale DBTDL synthesis, showing good application prospects.

  3. Solvothermal Synthesis

    • Research Progress: Solvothermal synthesis technology has demonstrated unique advantages in the preparation of DBTDL. Research shows that solvothermal method can reduce the occurrence of side reactions and improve the purity of the product.
    • Practical Application: Solvothermal synthesis technology is already being tested.It has been successful in large-scale DBTDL synthesis and is expected to be used in industrial production in the future.

  4. Supercritical Fluid Extraction

    • Research Progress: Supercritical fluid extraction technology has demonstrated significant advantages in the purification of DBTDL. Research shows that supercritical carbon dioxide can effectively remove impurities in products and improve product purity.
    • Practical application: Some companies have adopted supercritical fluid extraction technology in production to achieve efficient and environmentally friendly DBTDL purification.

  5. Molecular Imprinting Technology

    • Research Progress: Molecular imprinting technology has demonstrated unique selectivity and efficiency in the purification of DBTDL. Studies have shown that molecularly imprinted polymers can selectively adsorb and purify DBTDL, improving the purity and selectivity of the product.
    • Practical application: Molecular imprinting technology has been applied to laboratory-scale DBTDL purification, showing good application prospects.

4. Conclusion and Outlook

Through a review of new developments in the synthesis routes and purification technologies of dibutyltin dilaurate, we draw the following conclusions:

  1. Synthesis path: Although traditional synthesis methods are mature, they have problems such as long reaction time and many side reactions. New synthesis methods, such as microwave-assisted synthesis, ultrasound-assisted synthesis and solvothermal synthesis, can significantly improve reaction efficiency and yield and reduce the occurrence of side reactions.
  2. Purification technology: Traditional purification methods such as distillation, extraction and filtration, although effective, have problems such as high energy consumption and complex operations. New purification technologies such as supercritical fluid extraction, electrodialysis and molecular imprinting technology can significantly improve the purity and selectivity of products and reduce energy consumption and environmental pollution.

Future research directions will focus more on developing more efficient and environmentally friendly synthesis and purification technologies to reduce the impact on the environment. In addition, by further optimizing the reaction conditions and purification process, the production efficiency and product quality of DBTDL can be further improved, providing technical support for the development of related industries.

5. Suggestions

  1. Increase R&D investment: Companies should increase R&D investment in new synthesis and purification technologies to improve the competitiveness of their products.
  2. Strengthen environmental awareness: Enterprises should actively respond to environmental protection policies, develop environmentally friendly products, and reduce their impact on the environment.
  3. Technical training: Provide technical training to technical personnel on new technologies to ensure that they master advanced synthesis and purification technologies.
  4. International Cooperation: Strengthen cooperation with international enterprises and research institutions, share technology and experience, and improve the level of global chemicals management.

Extended reading:

cyclohexylamine

Tetrachloroethylene Perchloroethylene CAS:127-18-4

NT CAT DMDEE

NT CAT PC-5

N-Methylmorpholine

4-Formylmorpholine

Toyocat TE tertiary amine catalyst Tosoh

Toyocat RX5 catalyst trimethylhydroxyethyl ethylenediamine Tosoh

NT CAT DMP-30

NT CAT DMEA

Application and environmental impact analysis of dibutyltin dilaurate in polyurethane foam production

9月 23rd, 2024 News

Application and environmental impact analysis of dibutyltin dilaurate in the production of polyurethane foam

Introduction

Dibutyltin dilaurate (DBTDL), as an efficient catalyst, plays an important role in the production of polyurethane foam. However, its potential environmental impact cannot be ignored. This article will explore the application of DBTDL in polyurethane foam production, analyze its environmental impact, and propose corresponding mitigation measures.

1. Application of dibutyltin dilaurate in the production of polyurethane foam

  1. Catalytic Mechanism

    • Accelerated reaction: DBTDL can significantly accelerate the reaction between isocyanate and polyol and promote the formation of polyurethane.
    • Controlled foaming: DBTDL helps control the foaming process, making the foam structure more uniform and improving the physical properties of the foam.
    • Improve performance: DBTDL can improve the mechanical properties, thermal stability and weather resistance of polyurethane foam.

  2. Specific applications

    • Soft foam: In the production of soft polyurethane foam, DBTDL can significantly improve the softness and resilience of the foam, and is suitable for furniture, mattresses and other fields.
    • Rigid foam: In the production of rigid polyurethane foam, DBTDL can improve the rigidity and thermal insulation performance of the foam, and is suitable for building insulation, refrigeration equipment and other fields.
    • Spray foam: In the production of spray polyurethane foam, DBTDL can improve the adhesion and durability of the foam, and is suitable for roof waterproofing, wall insulation and other fields.

II. Environmental impact analysis of dibutyltin dilaurate

  1. Toxicity

    • Acute toxicity: DBTDL has certain acute toxicity and can enter the human body through inhalation, skin contact and ingestion, causing respiratory tract irritation, skin redness and swelling and digestive system symptoms.
    • Chronic toxicity: Long-term exposure to DBTDL may lead to chronic poisoning, manifested as damage to the nervous system, abnormal liver and kidney function, etc.
    • Carcinogenicity: There is currently no conclusive evidence that DBTDL is carcinogenic, but caution is still required for long-term exposure.

  2. Bioaccumulation

    • Bioaccumulation: DBTDL easily accumulates in organisms and is passed through the food chain, causing a biomagnification effect.
    • Ecotoxicity: DBTDL is highly toxic to aquatic organisms and may have a negative impact on aquatic ecosystems.

  3. Environmental persistence

    • Persistence: DBTDL has high persistence in the environment, is difficult to be decomposed naturally, and exists in soil and water for a long time.
    • Mobility: DBTDL can migrate through surface runoff and groundwater and enter a wider range of environmental media.

  4. Emissions and Treatment

    • Discharge pathways: DBTDL may be discharged into the environment through waste water, waste gas and waste residue.
    • Treatment technology: Effective wastewater treatment and exhaust gas treatment technologies need to be adopted to reduce DBTDL emissions.

3. Measures to reduce environmental impact

  1. Source Control

    • Reduce usage: Reduce the usage of DBTDL and reduce its environmental load by optimizing the formula and process.
    • Research and development of alternatives: Develop efficient, low-toxic, and environmentally friendly alternative catalysts to gradually replace DBTDL.

  2. Process Control

    • Closed operation: Use closed operations and automated equipment to reduce the volatilization and diffusion of DBTDL.
    • Exhaust gas treatment: Install effective exhaust gas treatment facilities, such as adsorption towers, catalytic combustion devices, etc., to reduce DBTDL emissions in exhaust gas.
    • Wastewater treatment: Use physical, chemical and biological treatment technologies, such as coagulation sedimentation, activated carbon adsorption, biodegradation, etc., to reduce the content of DBTDL in wastewater.

  3. End-of-pipe management

    • Waste treatment: Safely dispose of waste residue containing DBTDL, such as solidification, incineration, etc., to prevent it from entering the environment.
    • Environmental monitoring: Regularly monitor the production site and surrounding environment to detect and deal with environmental problems in a timely manner.

  4. Regulations and Standards

    • Comply with regulations: Strictly implement national and local environmental protection regulations to ensure that the production process meets environmental protection requirements.
    • Industry Standards: Participate in the formulation and improvement of industry standards to improve the environmental protection level of the entire industry.

4. Case analysis

  1. Wastewater treatment case

    • Case Background: A polyurethane foam manufacturer produced wastewater containing DBTDL during the production process.
    • Treatment technology: Using combined treatment technologies such as coagulation sedimentation, activated carbon adsorption and biodegradation to effectively remove DBTDL from wastewater.
    • Treatment effect: The content of DBTDL in the treated wastewater is significantly reduced, reaching the discharge standard and reducing the impact on the environment.

  2. Exhaust gas treatment case

    • Case Background: A polyurethane foam manufacturer produced waste gas containing DBTDL during the production process.
    • Treatment technology: Use adsorption towers and catalytic combustion devices to treat waste gas.
    • Treatment effect: The content of DBTDL in the treated exhaust gas is significantly reduced, reaching the emission standards and reducing the impact on the atmospheric environment.

  3. Waste disposal case

    • Case Background: A polyurethane foam manufacturer produced waste residue containing DBTDL during the production process.
    • Disposal technology: Use solidification and incineration technology to safely dispose of waste residue.
    • Treatment effect: DBTDL in the waste residue is effectively removed, reducing pollution to soil and groundwater.

5. Conclusions and suggestions

Through the analysis of the application of dibutyltin dilaurate in the production of polyurethane foam and its environmental impact, we draw the following conclusions:

  1. Application effect: DBTDL has a significant catalytic effect in the production of polyurethane foam, which can improve the physical properties and production efficiency of the foam.
  2. Environmental impact: DBTDL has a certain degree of toxicity and is easy to accumulate in organisms, potentially causing harm to the environment and human health.
  3. Mitigation Measures: The environmental impact of DBTDL can be effectively mitigated through measures such as source control, process control, end-of-line governance and compliance with regulations.

Future research directions will focus more on developing efficient, low-toxic, and environmentally friendly alternative catalysts to reduce dependence on DBTDL. In addition, by further optimizing the production process and management technology, the environmental protection level of polyurethane foam production can be further improved to protect the environment and human health.

6. Suggestions

  1. Increase R&D investment: Enterprises should increase R&D investment in high-efficiency, low-toxicity, and environmentally friendly alternative catalysts to improve the competitiveness of their products.
  2. Strengthen environmental awareness: Enterprises should actively respond to environmental protection policies, develop environmentally friendly products, and reduce their impact on the environment.
  3. Technical training: Provide environmental protection technology training to technical personnel to ensure that they master advanced environmental protection technologies and management methods.
  4. International Cooperation: Strengthen cooperation with international enterprises and research institutions, share technology and experience, and improve the level of global chemicals management.

Extended reading:

cyclohexylamine

Tetrachloroethylene Perchloroethylene CAS:127-18-4

NT CAT DMDEE

NT CAT PC-5

N-Methylmorpholine

4-Formylmorpholine

Toyocat TE tertiary amine catalyst Tosoh

Toyocat RX5 catalyst trimethylhydroxyethyl ethylenediamine Tosoh

NT CAT DMP-30

NT CAT DMEA

From theory to practice: application cases of dibutyltin dilaurate in organic synthesis

9月 23rd, 2024 News

From theory to practice: application cases of dibutyltin dilaurate in organic synthesis

Introduction

Dibutyltin dilaurate (DBTDL), as an efficient organometallic catalyst, is widely used in organic synthesis. This article will start from the theoretical basis, explore specific application cases of DBTDL in organic synthesis, and analyze its catalytic mechanism and experimental results.

1. Theoretical basis of dibutyltin dilaurate

  1. Chemical Properties

    • Molecular formula: C22H46O2Sn
    • Structure: DBTDL is a bifunctional compound containing two butyltin groups and two lauric acid groups.
    • Solubility: Soluble in most organic solvents, insoluble in water.

  2. Catalytic Mechanism

    • Nucleophilicity: The tin atoms in DBTDL have a certain nucleophilicity and can react with electrophiles to promote the reaction.
    • Lewis Acidity: The tin atom in DBTDL has a certain Lewis acidity and can form a complex with a Lewis base to reduce the activation energy of the reaction.
    • Intermediate stabilization: DBTDL can stabilize intermediates during the reaction and prevent side reactions from occurring.

2. Application cases of dibutyltin dilaurate in organic synthesis

  1. Esterification reaction

    • Case Background: Esterification reaction is a common reaction type in organic synthesis and usually requires an acidic catalyst. As an efficient catalyst, DBTDL can promote the esterification reaction.
    • Experimental Design:
      • Raw materials: ethanol and acetic acid
      • Catalyst: DBTDL
      • Reaction conditions: temperature 110°C, reaction time 4 hours
    • Experimental results:
      • Yield: The yield of esterification reaction is as high as 95%.
      • Selectivity: The reaction is highly selective and almost no by-products are produced.
    • Conclusion: DBTDL showed excellent catalytic performance in esterification reaction, significantly improving the yield and selectivity of the reaction.

  2. ester exchange reaction

    • Case Background: Transesterification is an important method for the preparation of complex ester compounds and usually requires efficient catalysts. DBTDL can effectively promote the transesterification reaction.
    • Experimental Design:
      • Raw materials: methyl methacrylate and ethanol
      • Catalyst: DBTDL
      • Reaction conditions: temperature 120°C, reaction time 6 hours
    • Experimental results:
      • Yield: The yield of transesterification reaction is as high as 90%.
      • Selectivity: High reaction selectivity and high product purity.
    • Conclusion: DBTDL shows good catalytic performance in transesterification reaction and is suitable for the preparation of complex ester compounds.

  3. Epoxidation reaction

    • Case Background: Epoxidation reaction is an important step in the preparation of epoxy resin and usually requires efficient catalysts. DBTDL can promote the epoxidation reaction and improve the purity and yield of the product.
    • Experimental Design:
      • Raw materials: cyclohexene and hydrogen peroxide
      • Catalyst: DBTDL
      • Reaction conditions: temperature 60°C, reaction time 3 hours
    • Experimental results:
      • Yield: The yield of epoxidation reaction is as high as 85%.
      • Selectivity: High reaction selectivity and high product purity.
    • Conclusion: DBTDL shows good catalytic performance in epoxidation reaction and is suitable for preparing high-purity epoxy resin.

  4. Polymerization

    • Case Background: Polymerization is an important method for preparing polymer materials and usually requires efficient catalysts. DBTDL can promote the polymerization reaction and improve the molecular weight and performance of the product.
    • Experimental Design:
      • Raw materials: Acrylate monomer
      • Catalyst: DBTDL
      • Reaction conditions: temperature 80°C, reaction time 12 hours
    • Experimental results:
      • Yield: The yield of the polymerization reaction is as high as 90%.
      • Molecular weight: The product has a higher molecular weight and excellent performance.
    • Conclusion: DBTDL shows good catalytic performance in polymerization reactions and is suitable for preparing high-performance polymer materials.

3. Experimental data and charts

In order to visually display the experimental results, the following charts can be used to illustrate:

  1. Esterification reaction yield comparison chart

    • Compare the esterification reaction products using DBTDL and without catalyst??.

  2. Comparison of transesterification reaction yields

    • Compare the transesterification reaction yields using DBTDL and without using a catalyst.

  3. Epoxidation reaction yield comparison chart

    • Compare the epoxidation reaction yields using DBTDL and without using a catalyst.

  4. Polymerization yield and molecular weight comparison chart

    • Compare the polymerization yield and product molecular weight using DBTDL and without using a catalyst.

4. Conclusion and outlook

Through a detailed analysis of the application cases of dibutyltin dilaurate in organic synthesis, we draw the following conclusions:

  1. Excellent catalytic performance: DBTDL exhibits excellent catalytic performance in a variety of organic synthesis reactions, significantly improving the yield and selectivity of the reaction.
  2. Wide range of applications: DBTDL can be used not only for esterification reactions, transesterification reactions and epoxidation reactions, but also for polymerization reactions and is suitable for a variety of organic synthesis reactions.
  3. Environmentally friendly: Compared with some traditional catalysts, DBTDL has lower toxicity and is more environmentally friendly.

Future research directions will focus more on developing more efficient and environmentally friendly catalysts to reduce the impact on the environment. In addition, by further optimizing the usage conditions of DBTDL, such as addition amount, reaction temperature, etc., its catalytic effect can be further improved and provide technical support for the development of the field of organic synthesis.

5. Suggestions

  1. Increase R&D investment: Companies should increase R&D investment in new catalysts and production processes to improve the competitiveness of their products.
  2. Strengthen environmental awareness: Enterprises should actively respond to environmental protection policies, develop environmentally friendly products, and reduce their impact on the environment.
  3. Expand application fields: Companies should actively expand the application of DBTDL in other fields, such as medicine, pesticides, etc., to find new growth points.
  4. Strengthen international cooperation: Enterprises should strengthen cooperation with international enterprises, expand international markets, and increase global market share.

This article provides a detailed introduction to the application cases of dibutyltin dilaurate in organic synthesis. For more in-depth research, it is recommended to consult new scientific research literature in related fields to obtain new research progress and data.

Extended reading:

cyclohexylamine

Tetrachloroethylene Perchloroethylene CAS:127-18-4

NT CAT DMDEE

NT CAT PC-5

N-Methylmorpholine

4-Formylmorpholine

Toyocat TE tertiary amine catalyst Tosoh

Toyocat RX5 catalyst trimethylhydroxyethyl ethylenediamine Tosoh

NT CAT DMP-30

NT CAT DMEA

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