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Introduction to the synthesis method of tributyltin oxide and its purity detection technology

9月 13th, 2024 News

Introduction

As an important organometallic compound, tributyltin oxide (TBT) is widely used in coatings, plastic stabilizers, pesticides and other fields. This article will introduce in detail the synthesis method of tributyltin oxide and its purity detection technology.

1. Synthesis method of tributyltin oxide

Currently, there are two main methods for synthesizing tributyltin oxide:

  1. Direct oxidation methodThe direct oxidation method is one of the commonly used methods for preparing tributyltin oxide. This method prepares TBT by reacting tributyltin alkoxide or tributyltin chloride with an appropriate amount of oxidizing agent. The specific steps are as follows:
    • Reaction raw materials: Tributyltin alkoxide (such as C12H27SnOH) or tributyltin chloride (C12H27SnCl) is used as the starting material.
    • Selection of oxidizing agents: Commonly used oxidizing agents include hydrogen peroxide (H?O?), potassium persulfate (K?S?O?), etc.
    • Reaction conditions: The reaction is carried out under mild conditions, and the temperature is generally controlled between room temperature and 70°C to avoid the formation of by-products.
    • Reaction mechanism: Under the action of oxidant, Sn(III) in tributyltin alkoxide or tributyltin chloride is oxidized to Sn(IV) to generate TBT.
    • Post-processing: After the reaction, the target product is separated and purified through distillation, extraction and other means.
  2. Indirect synthesis methodThe indirect synthesis method is to prepare tributyltin alkoxide first, and then obtain TBT through further oxidation reaction. The specific steps are as follows:
    • Preparation of alkoxide: The reaction of tributyltin chloride and sodium hydroxide (NaOH) produces tributyltin alkoxide.
    • Oxidation reaction: React the tributyltin alkoxide obtained above with an appropriate oxidizing agent.
    • Condition control: In this method, precise control of reaction conditions (such as temperature, pH value, etc.) has an important impact on the purity of the product.

2. Purity detection technology

In order to ensure that the quality of tributyltin oxide meets application requirements, its purity needs to be tested. The following are several commonly used purity testing techniques:

  1. High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)HPLC is an efficient separation technology that can be used to determine the impurity content in TBT. By selecting appropriate mobile and stationary phases, effective separation of TBT from other components can be achieved. The detection wavelength is usually set near the large absorption peak of TBT.
  2. Gas Chromatography (GC)For more volatile samples, gas chromatography can be used for analysis. The GC method is suitable for detecting light impurities in TBT.
  3. Atomic Absorption Spectrometry (AAS)AAS is used to determine the metal impurity content in TBT. This method has high sensitivity and good reproducibility, and is particularly suitable for quantitative analysis of trace metal elements.
  4. Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS)ICP-MS is a high-precision elemental analysis technology that can simultaneously measure multiple elements and is suitable for the determination of trace elements in complex matrices. Determination.
  5. Infrared spectroscopy (IR)Using FTIR (Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy) technology, the functional group characteristics of TBT can be identified to determine its purity.
  6. Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (NMR)NMR can provide information on the molecular structure and is very useful for determining the chemical structure and purity of TBT.
  7. Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis)UV-Vis can be used to detect the absorption characteristics in TBT solutions and evaluate the purity by comparing the difference in absorption curves between standards and samples.

3. Detection steps and precautions

  1. Sample preparation: According to different detection methods, select appropriate pre-treatment steps, such as dissolution, dilution, etc.
  2. Instrument calibration: Use standard solutions to calibrate the instrument to ensure the accuracy of the test results.
  3. Parallel experiments: To ensure the reliability of the results, multiple parallel measurements should be performed.
  4. Data recording and analysis: Accurately record the data of each test and perform statistical analysis.
  5. Quality control: Establish a quality control system, conduct regular instrument maintenance and standard sample testing to ensure the continuity and consistency of testing work.

4. Case analysis

In order to better illustrate the application of the above detection technology, here is a simple case analysis:

Suppose a laboratory needs to conduct purity testing on a batch of tributyltin oxide samples. First, technicians chose HPLC as the main detection method, supplemented by FTIR and NMR for structural confirmation.

  • HPLC detection: By establishing a standard curve and measuring the peak area of ??TBT in the sample, its purity was calculated to be 99.5%.
  • FTIR analysis: The vibration frequency of the unique functional groups of TBT in the sample was confirmed, further proving the credibility of the HPLC test results.
  • NMR spectrum: Through the spectra obtained by 1H NMR and 13C NMR, the chemical shifts of each atom in TBT can be observed, further verifying the purity of the sample.

5. Summary

The synthesis method and purity detection technology of tributyltin oxide are to ensure its quality and application.An important part of the effect. By using appropriate technical means, the purity of TBT can be effectively improved to meet the needs of different application scenarios. Future research will continue to explore more efficient and accurate synthesis routes and detection methods to promote the application and development of tributyltin oxide in various fields.

This article provides a basic understanding of the synthesis method of tributyltin oxide and its purity detection technology. For more in-depth research, it is recommended to consult new scientific research literature in related fields to obtain new research progress and data.

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Tetrachloroethylene Perchloroethylene CAS:127-18-4

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MSDS (Safety Data Sheet) Interpretation and Safe Use Guidelines for Tributyltin Oxide

9月 13th, 2024 News

MSDS interpretation and safe use guide of tributyltin oxide

Introduction

tributyltin oxide (TBT), as an organometallic compound, is widely used in many industrial fields. However, due to its potential hazards, it is critical to properly understand and use TBT’s Safety Data Sheet (MSDS). This article will interpret the MSDS of tributyltin oxide and provide guidelines for safe use.

1. Interpretation of MSDS

MSDS (Material Safety Data Sheet), which is a chemical safety data sheet, is a detailed safety information document about chemicals. The MSDS of tributyltin oxide usually includes the following parts:

  1. Chemical and Company Logo
    • Chemical name: tributyltin oxide
    • Molecular formula: C12H27SnO
    • Supplier information: including company name, address, contact number, etc.
  2. Hazard Summary
    • Physical state: liquid
    • Hazard categories: acute toxicity, skin irritation, eye irritation, inhalation hazard, etc.
    • Signal word: Warning/Danger
    • Safety warnings: Avoid contact with skin and eyes, wear appropriate personal protective equipment, etc.
  3. Ingredient/Composition Information
    • Main ingredient: tributyltin oxide
    • Other ingredients: If there are auxiliary ingredients such as solvents, they will also be listed in this section.
  4. First aid measures
    • Inhalation: Move victim to fresh air, if breathing stops, give artificial respiration.
    • Skin contact: Take off contaminated clothing immediately and rinse skin with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes.
    • Eye contact: Open your eyelids immediately and rinse thoroughly with plenty of running water or saline for at least 15 minutes.
    • Ingestion: Do not induce vomiting. Get medical help immediately.
  5. Firefighting Measures
    • Fire extinguishing method: Use dry powder fire extinguisher, carbon dioxide fire extinguisher or sand covering.
    • Special protection for firefighters: wear positive pressure air respirators and full-body protective clothing.
  6. Accidental spill response
    • Small leakage: Use appropriate tools to collect the leakage and place it in designated containers.
    • Substantial leakage: Set up dikes or dig pits to contain leaks to prevent them from flowing into water bodies.
  7. Handling and Storage
    • Operation precautions: closed operation, local exhaust.
    • Storage precautions: Store in a cool, ventilated warehouse. Keep away from fire and heat sources. The packaging is sealed. Should be stored separately from oxidizing agents.
  8. Exposure controls and personal protection
    • Engineering controls: Provide adequate local exhaust facilities.
    • Personal protective equipment: Wear dust masks, chemical safety glasses, rubber gloves, etc.
  9. Physical and chemical properties
    • Appearance and properties: colorless or light yellow liquid.
    • pH value: on a case-by-case basis.
    • Solubility: soluble in most organic solvents.
    • Density: Relative density (water=1) is about 1.0.
    • Stability: Avoid contact with oxidizing agents.
  10. Toxicological Information
    • Acute toxicity: LD50 (oral in mice): XX mg/kg
    • Subacute and chronic toxicity: Prolonged exposure may cause skin irritation or other health problems.
    • Carcinogenicity: According to relevant studies, TBT may be carcinogenic.
  11. Ecological information
    • Ecotoxicity: Harmful to aquatic organisms and may cause reproductive system disorders in aquatic organisms.
    • Biodegradability: Not easy to biodegrade, pay attention to environmental release.
  12. Disposal
    • Nature of waste: hazardous waste
    • Disposal method: Entrust a qualified unit to dispose according to regulations.
  13. Shipping Information
    • Dangerous goods number: according to the regulations of specific regions.
    • Packaging markings: Use the prescribed dangerous goods packaging markings.
    • Packing method: Use sealed, moisture-proof packaging.
  14. Regulatory Information
    • Relevant regulations: Comply with local laws and regulations regarding chemical safety.
    • Waste management: Carry out waste management in accordance with the requirements of the local environmental protection department.

2. Safety Guidelines

To ensure the safe use of tributyltin oxide, here are some key safety guidelines:

  1. Personal Protection
    • During operation, wear appropriate personal protective equipment, such as gas masks, protective glasses, chemical-resistant gloves, etc.
    • Ensure the work area is well ventilated to reduce the accumulation of harmful substances.
  2. Operating Procedures
    • Read and understand all safety information on the MSDS before use.
    • Follow the manufacturer’s instructions and do not change the method of use.
  3. Storage Management
    • Store in designated safety cabinets and avoid mixing with other chemicals.
    • Regularly check storage containers for tightness and label integrity.
  4. Accident Prevention
    • Develop an emergency plan to ensure that ifAbility to respond promptly to leaks or accidents.
    • Conduct regular safety training to improve employees’ safety awareness and emergency response capabilities.
  5. Waste Disposal
    • Do not discard it randomly and must be handled by an institution with appropriate qualifications.
    • Waste should be collected separately to prevent cross-contamination.

3. Case analysis

Assume that a leak occurs in a chemical factory during the use of tributyltin oxide. According to the guidance on the MSDS, the factory should immediately take the following measures:

  • Emergency evacuation: Immediately notify all employees to evacuate the site to ensure personnel safety.
  • Initiate emergency response: Activate the emergency response mechanism according to the pre-established emergency plan.
  • On-site treatment: Use appropriate tools and materials to collect the spill and take steps to prevent spread.
  • Follow-up disposal: Contact a professional waste disposal company for safe disposal of waste.

4. Summary

As an important chemical, tributyltin oxide plays an important role in industrial applications. However, its potential hazards require us to strictly abide by safety regulations during use. By interpreting the information in the MSDS and following the corresponding safe use guidelines, risks can be minimized and personnel safety and environmental protection ensured.

5. Outlook

With the advancement of science and technology and the improvement of environmental awareness, the safety management and use of chemicals will be more stringent in the future. Enterprises should actively adopt advanced safety management concepts and technical means to continuously improve the safety management level of chemicals and contribute to sustainable development.

This article provides an interpretation of the MSDS of tributyltin oxide and guidelines for safe use. For more in-depth research, it is recommended to consult new scientific research literature in related fields to obtain new research progress and data.

Extended reading:

cyclohexylamine

Tetrachloroethylene Perchloroethylene CAS:127-18-4

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Toxicological studies on tributyltin oxide and its effects on human health

9月 13th, 2024 News

Toxicological research on tributyltin oxide and its impact on human health

Introduction

tributyltin oxide (TBT), as an organometallic compound, is widely used in many industrial fields, but its potential toxicity has attracted widespread attention. This article will explore the toxicological studies of tributyltin oxide and its potential effects on human health.

1. Toxicological studies on tributyltin oxide

Toxicological research on tributyltin oxide mainly focuses on the following aspects:

  1. Acute toxicity

    • Oral toxicity: Research shows that TBT has high acute oral toxicity and can enter the body through the oral route, causing poisoning symptoms.
    • Inhalation toxicity: Inhalation of TBT vapor or dust may cause irritation to the respiratory tract and lead to acute poisoning.
    • Skin contact: Skin contact with TBT may cause irritation or allergic reactions.

  2. Chronic toxicity

    • Cumulative effects: Long-term exposure to low doses of TBT may lead to chronic accumulation of toxicity, affecting multiple organ systems.
    • Endocrine Disruption: Studies have shown that TBT has estrogen-like effects and may interfere with the human endocrine system, causing abnormalities in the reproductive system and other problems.

  3. Reproductive toxicity

    • Reproductive and developmental toxicity: TBT has obvious toxic effects on the reproductive system, which may affect sperm production and reduce fertility.
    • Teratogenicity: Exposure of pregnant women to TBT may increase the risk of fetal malformations.

  4. Genotoxicity

    • Gene mutation: Although there is currently no conclusive evidence that TBT directly causes gene mutation, its potential cytotoxicity may indirectly affect the stability of genetic material.

  5. Neurotoxicity

    • Nervous system damage: Long-term exposure to TBT may cause damage to the nervous system, leading to symptoms such as memory loss and difficulty concentrating.

  6. Environmental toxicity

    • Aquatic life toxicity: TBT is highly toxic to aquatic life, especially shellfish, which can cause growth retardation, increased mortality and other problems.

2. Impact on human health

  1. Respiratory system

    • Long-term inhalation of dust or gas containing TBT may cause respiratory tract irritation, inflammatory reaction and even difficulty breathing.

  2. Digestive system

    • Oral ingestion of TBT may cause gastrointestinal discomfort symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea.

  3. Skin and Eyes

    • Skin contact with TBT may cause irritation reactions such as erythema and itching; eye contact may cause conjunctivitis, corneal damage and other problems.

  4. Endocrine system

    • The endocrine disrupting effect of TBT may lead to endocrine diseases such as thyroid dysfunction and gonadal dysfunction.

  5. Immune system

    • Long-term exposure to TBT may weaken immune system function and increase the risk of infection.

  6. Nervous System

    • Damage to the central nervous system may lead to a series of neurological symptoms such as headache, dizziness, and insomnia.

3. Prevention and Control

In order to reduce the adverse effects of tributyltin oxide on human health, you can start from the following aspects:

  1. Occupational Health Management

    • Enhance ventilation in the workplace and reduce the concentration of TBT in the air.
    • Provide personal protective equipment such as protective glasses, masks, gloves, etc.

  2. Environmental Protection

    • Control industrial wastewater discharge and prevent TBT from entering water bodies.
    • Promote the use of environmentally friendly alternatives and reduce the use of TBT.

  3. Health monitoring

    • Conduct regular health examinations for occupational groups exposed to TBT to detect and intervene in potential health problems early.

  4. Public Education

    • Raise public awareness of the dangers of TBT and avoid unnecessary exposure.

  5. Laws and Regulations

    • Formulate and improve relevant laws and regulations, and strengthen the management of TBT production, use and disposal.

4. Case analysis

A study on workers exposed to tributyltin oxide for a long time showed that these people are more likely to suffer from endocrine disorders, reproductive dysfunction and other problems than non-exposed people. This further confirms the potential harm of TBT to human health.

5. Summary

As a multifunctional organometallic compound, tributyltin oxide has wide application value in industry, but its potential toxicity cannot be ignored. Through in-depth toxicological research, we can better understand the potential effects of TBT on human health and take corresponding preventive measures to ensure safe use.

6. Outlook

With scientific researchWith the continuous deepening of research and the advancement of technology, the toxicological research on tributyltin oxide will be more detailed and comprehensive. Future work will be dedicated to developing safer alternatives, reducing the use of TBT, and reducing its potential threats to the environment and human health through strict management and regulatory constraints.

This article provides a basic understanding of the toxicological studies of tributyltin oxide and its effects on human health. For more in-depth research, it is recommended to consult scientific research literature in related fields to obtain research progress and data.

Extended reading:

cyclohexylamine

Tetrachloroethylene Perchloroethylene CAS:127-18-4

NT CAT DMDEE

NT CAT PC-5

N-Methylmorpholine

4-Formylmorpholine

Toyocat TE tertiary amine catalyst Tosoh

Toyocat RX5 catalyst trimethylhydroxyethyl ethylenediamine Tosoh

NT CAT DMP-30

NT CAT DMEA

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