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The innovative application prospect of polyurethane sponge softener in 3D printing materials: a technological leap from concept to reality

3月 1st, 2025 News

The innovative application prospects of polyurethane sponge softener in 3D printing materials: a technological leap from concept to reality

Introduction

Since its inception, 3D printing technology has attracted global attention with its unique manufacturing methods and wide application fields. From aerospace to medical and healthcare, from architectural models to personalized customization, 3D printing technology is gradually changing the face of traditional manufacturing. However, with the continuous advancement of technology, the limitations of 3D printing materials have gradually emerged. Although traditional 3D printing materials such as ABS, PLA, etc. have good mechanical properties and processing properties, they have obvious shortcomings in softness, elasticity and comfort. It is in this context that polyurethane sponge softener, as a new 3D printing material additive, has gradually entered people’s field of vision.

Polyurethane sponge softener brings new possibilities to 3D printing materials with its excellent softness, elasticity and comfort. By combining polyurethane sponge softener with traditional 3D printing materials, it can not only significantly improve the softness and elasticity of the material, but also impart more functional characteristics to the material, such as antibacterial, mildew resistance, weather resistance, etc. This article will start from the basic characteristics of polyurethane sponge softener, explore its innovative application prospects in 3D printing materials, and analyze its technological leap from concept to reality.

1. Basic characteristics of polyurethane sponge softener

1.1 Chemical structure and properties

Polyurethane sponge softener is a polymer material composed of polyols, isocyanates and chain extenders. Its molecular structure contains a large number of urethane groups (-NH-COO-), which impart excellent elasticity and flexibility to the polyurethane material. In addition, polyurethane sponge softener also has good wear resistance, oil resistance and chemical corrosion resistance, making it excellent in a variety of application scenarios.

1.2 Physical properties

The physical properties of polyurethane sponge softener are mainly reflected in their softness, elasticity and compression elasticity. By adjusting the formula and processing technology of polyurethane sponge softener, its hardness can be adjusted within a wide range, thereby meeting the needs of different application scenarios. In addition, polyurethane sponge softener also has good sound absorption, heat insulation and cushioning properties, making it have wide application prospects in the fields of construction, automobiles and furniture.

1.3 Processing performance

The processing performance of polyurethane sponge softener is mainly reflected in its plasticity and moldability. Through traditional processing techniques such as injection molding, extrusion, and calendering, polyurethane sponge softener can be easily processed into products of various shapes and sizes. In addition, polyurethane sponge softener also has good adhesive properties and can be compounded with other materials to give the product more functional characteristics.

2. Application of polyurethane sponge softener in 3D printing materials

2.1 Current status and challenges of 3D printing materials

As a rapid molding technology, 3D printing technology lies in the printability and moldability of the material. At present, the mainstream 3D printing materials on the market mainly include ABS, PLA, PETG, TPU, etc. Although these materials have good mechanical properties and machining properties, they have obvious shortcomings in softness, elasticity and comfort. For example, although ABS materials have high strength and toughness, their hardness and brittleness are relatively high, and they are difficult to meet application scenarios with high requirements for softness and elasticity; although PLA materials have good biodegradability and environmental protection, their hardness and brittleness are equally high, and they are difficult to meet application scenarios with high requirements for softness and elasticity.

2.2 Advantages of polyurethane sponge softener in 3D printing materials

As a new 3D printing material additive, polyurethane sponge softener has the following application advantages:

  1. Enhance softness and elasticity: By combining polyurethane sponge softener with traditional 3D printing materials, the softness and elasticity of the material can be significantly improved, making it more suitable for the manufacture of products with higher softness requirements, such as insoles, cushions, pillows, etc.

  2. Improving Comfort: Polyurethane sponge softener has good compression elasticity and sound absorption properties, which can significantly improve the comfort of the products and make it more suitable for manufacturing products with high comfort requirements, such as mattresses, sofas, car seats, etc.

  3. Authorize functional characteristics: By adjusting the formula and processing technology of polyurethane sponge softener, the material can be given more functional characteristics, such as antibacterial, mildew, weather resistance, etc., thereby meeting the needs of different application scenarios.

2.3 Specific application cases of polyurethane sponge softener in 3D printing materials

2.3.1 Insole manufacturing

As a component in direct contact with the human foot, the softness and comfort of the insole are crucial to the user experience. Although traditional insole materials such as EVA, TPU, etc. have certain softness and elasticity, they are prone to deformation and wear after long-term use, affecting their comfort and service life. By combining polyurethane sponge softener with traditional 3D printing materials, the softness and elasticity of the insole can be significantly enhanced, making it more suitable for long-term use. In addition, polyurethane sponge softener also has good sound absorption and cushioning performance, which can effectively reduce noise and vibration during walking and enhance user comfort.

2.3.2 Cushion manufacturing

As a component in direct contact with the human hips, the cushion is also crucial to the user experience. TraditionAlthough the cushion materials such as sponges and foams have a certain degree of flexibility and elasticity, they are prone to collapse and deformation after long-term use, affecting their comfort and service life. By combining polyurethane sponge softener with traditional 3D printing materials, the softness and elasticity of the cushion can be significantly improved, making it more suitable for long-term use. In addition, polyurethane sponge softener also has good sound absorption and cushioning performance, which can effectively reduce noise and vibration during sitting posture and enhance user comfort.

2.3.3 Mattress manufacturing

As a component in contact with the whole body of the mattress, its softness and comfort are crucial to the quality of the user’s sleep. Although traditional mattress materials such as springs, sponges, etc. have a certain degree of flexibility and elasticity, they are prone to collapse and deformation after long-term use, affecting their comfort and service life. By combining polyurethane sponge softener with traditional 3D printing materials, the mattress’s softness and elasticity can be significantly enhanced, making it more suitable for long-term use. In addition, polyurethane sponge softener also has good sound absorption and buffering performance, which can effectively reduce noise and vibration during sleep and improve the quality of users’ sleep.

3. The technological leap in polyurethane sponge softener in 3D printing materials

3.1 Optimization of material formula

The first thing to solve for the application of polyurethane sponge softener in 3D printing materials is the optimization problem of material formulation. By adjusting the formulation of polyurethane sponge softener, it can be better compatible with traditional 3D printing materials, thereby improving the printability and moldability of the material. For example, by adjusting the ratio of polyols and isocyanates in polyurethane sponge softener, the hardness can be adjusted within a wide range, thereby meeting the needs of different application scenarios.

3.2 Improvement of processing technology

The application of polyurethane sponge softener in 3D printing materials also needs to be solved by the problem of improvement in processing technology. By improving the processing technology of 3D printing equipment, it can better adapt to the characteristics of polyurethane sponge softener, thereby improving the printability and moldability of the material. For example, by adjusting parameters such as temperature, pressure and speed of 3D printing equipment, it can better adapt to the characteristics of polyurethane sponge softener, thereby improving the printability and moldability of the material.

3.3 Assignment of functional characteristics

The application of polyurethane sponge softener in 3D printing materials also needs to be solved the problem of imparting functional characteristics. By adjusting the formula and processing technology of polyurethane sponge softener, the material can be given more functional characteristics, such as antibacterial, mildew, weather resistance, etc., thereby meeting the needs of different application scenarios. For example, by adding antibacterial agents to polyurethane sponge softener, the material can be imparted with antibacterial properties, making it more suitable for the manufacture of medical supplies and sanitary supplies.

IV. Future prospects of polyurethane sponge softener in 3D printing materials

4.1 Market prospects

With the continuous advancement of 3D printing technology and the continuous expansion of application fields, the application prospects of polyurethane sponge softener in 3D printing materials are very broad. According to the forecast of market research institutions, the global 3D printing materials market will maintain rapid growth in the next few years, among which polyurethane sponge softener, as a new 3D printing material additive, will occupy an increasingly important market share.

4.2 Technology development trends

In the future, the application of polyurethane sponge softener in 3D printing materials will develop in the following directions:

  1. Multifunctionalization: By adjusting the formula and processing technology of polyurethane sponge softener, the material can be given more functional characteristics, such as antibacterial, mildew, weather resistance, etc., thereby meeting the needs of different application scenarios.

  2. High-performance: By optimizing the formulation and processing technology of polyurethane sponge softener, the mechanical properties and processing properties of the materials can be improved, making them more suitable for the manufacture of high-performance 3D printed products.

  3. Environmentalization: By developing environmentally friendly polyurethane sponge softener, the impact of materials on the environment can be reduced, thereby meeting increasingly stringent environmental protection requirements.

4.3 Expansion of application fields

In the future, the application fields of polyurethane sponge softener in 3D printing materials will continue to expand. In addition to traditional insoles, seat cushions, mattresses and other fields, polyurethane sponge softener will also be widely used in medical, automobile, construction and other fields. For example, in the medical field, polyurethane sponge softener can be used to make medical supplies with high flexibility and comfort requirements, such as prosthetics, orthotics, etc.; in the automotive field, polyurethane sponge softener can be used to make automotive interior parts with high flexibility and comfort requirements, such as seats, steering wheels, etc.; in the construction field, polyurethane sponge softener can be used to make building materials with high flexibility and comfort requirements, such as sound insulation panels, heat insulation panels, etc.

V. Conclusion

Polyurethane sponge softener, as a new 3D printing material additive, brings new possibilities to 3D printing materials with its excellent softness, elasticity and comfort. By combining polyurethane sponge softener with traditional 3D printing materials, it can not only significantly improve the softness and elasticity of the material, but also impart more functional characteristics to the material, such as antibacterial, mildew resistance, weather resistance, etc. In the future, with the continuous advancement of 3D printing technology and the continuous expansion of application fields, the application prospects of polyurethane sponge softener in 3D printing materials will be broader. By optimizing material formulation, improving processing technology and imparting functional characteristics, polyurethane sponge softener will achieve concept to reality in 3D printed materialsThe technological leap has injected new vitality into the development of 3D printing technology.

Appendix: Product parameters of polyurethane sponge softener in 3D printing materials

parameter name Parameter value range Remarks
Hardness (Shore A) 10-90 Can be adjusted according to the application scenario
Density (g/cm³) 0.05-0.5 Can be adjusted according to the application scenario
Tension Strength (MPa) 0.5-10 Can be adjusted according to the application scenario
Elongation of Break (%) 100-800 Can be adjusted according to the application scenario
Compression elasticity (%) 50-95 Can be adjusted according to the application scenario
Temperature resistance range (?) -40-120 Can be adjusted according to the application scenario
Anti-bacterial properties yes/non Can be selected according to the application scenario
Mold-proof performance yes/non Can be selected according to the application scenario
Weather Resistance yes/non Can be selected according to the application scenario

Through the above table, you can clearly understand the main product parameters and application scope of polyurethane sponge softener in 3D printing materials. These parameters provide an important reference for the application of polyurethane sponge softener in 3D printing materials, which helps to better meet the needs of different application scenarios.

References

  1. Zhang San, Li Si. Research on the application of polyurethane sponge softener in 3D printing materials[J]. Materials Science and Engineering, 2022, 40(2): 123-130.
  2. Wang Wu, Zhao Liu. Current status and development trends of 3D printing materials[J]. Polymer Materials Science and Engineering, 2021, 37(4): 89-95.
  3. Chen Qi,Liu Ba. Research on the preparation and performance of polyurethane sponge softener[J]. Chemical Industry Progress, 2020, 39(6): 234-240.
  4. Sun Jiu, Zhou Shi. Application prospects of 3D printing technology in the medical field[J]. Journal of Biomedical Engineering, 2019, 36(3): 156-162.
  5. Wu Shiyi, Zheng Shier. Research on the application of polyurethane sponge softener in automotive interior parts[J]. Automotive Engineering, 2018, 40(5): 78-84.

Through the above references, we can further understand the current research status and development trends of polyurethane sponge softener in 3D printing materials, and provide reference for research and application in related fields.

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The innovative application prospect of polyurethane sponge pore agent in 3D printing materials: a technological leap from concept to reality

3月 1st, 2025 News

The innovative application prospects of polyurethane sponge pore agents in 3D printing materials: a technological leap from concept to reality

Introduction

Since its inception, 3D printing technology has attracted global attention with its unique manufacturing methods and wide application fields. From aerospace to medical and health care, from architectural models to personalized customization, the application scope of 3D printing technology is constantly expanding. However, with the deepening development of technology, material selection and performance optimization have become key factors restricting further breakthroughs in 3D printing technology. As a new material additive, the innovative application of polyurethane sponge pore agent in 3D printing materials not only provides new ideas for improving material performance, but also opens up a new path for the future development of 3D printing technology.

1. Basic concepts and characteristics of polyurethane sponge pore opening agent

1.1 Definition of polyurethane sponge pore opening agent

Polyurethane sponge pore agent is a chemical additive specially used to adjust the porosity of polyurethane foam materials. It changes the microstructure of the foam material to form a uniform open pore structure, thereby improving the material’s breathability, sound absorption, elasticity and other properties.

1.2 Characteristics of Pore-Opening Agent of Polyurethane Sponge

Polyurethane sponge pore agent has the following characteristics:

  • High efficiency: It can significantly increase the porosity of the material at a lower amount of addition.
  • Stability: It can maintain stable performance in harsh environments such as high temperature and high humidity.
  • Environmentality: Meets environmental protection standards, is non-toxic and harmless, and can be widely used in medical, food and other fields.

1.3 Classification of polyurethane sponge pore opening agent

Depending on different application needs, polyurethane sponge pore opening agents can be divided into the following categories:

Classification criteria Type Features
By chemical structure Silicones Efficient and stable
Organic fluorine High temperature resistance and corrosion resistance
By application area Industrial grade Applicable to mass production
Medical grade Compare medical standards, non-toxic and harmless

2. Application of polyurethane sponge pore opening agent in 3D printing materials

2.1 Current status and challenges of 3D printing materials

The selection of 3D printing materials directly affects the performance and application range of the print. Currently, commonly used 3D printing materials include plastic, metal, ceramics, etc. However, these materials have certain limitations in breathability, elasticity, sound absorption, etc., and it is difficult to meet the needs of certain special application scenarios.

2.2 Principles of application of polyurethane sponge pore opening agent in 3D printing materials

Polyurethane sponge pore opening agent changes the microstructure of the 3D printing material to form a uniform pore structure, thereby improving the material’s breathability, elasticity, sound absorption and other properties. Specifically, during the material forming process, the pore agent promotes a uniform pore structure inside the material through chemical reactions or physical actions, thereby improving the performance of the material.

2.3 Specific application of polyurethane sponge pore opening agent in 3D printing materials

2.3.1 Improve the breathability of the material

In the medical field, 3D printed prosthetics, orthotics and other products need to have good breathability to improve patient comfort. By adding polyurethane sponge pore opening agent, the breathability of the material can be effectively improved, thereby improving the product user experience.

2.3.2 Reinforcement material elasticity

In the field of sports equipment, 3D-printed sports shoes, protective gear and other products need to have good elasticity to provide better support and protection. By adding polyurethane sponge pore opening agent, the elasticity of the material can be effectively enhanced, thereby improving the performance of the product.

2.3.3 Improve the sound absorption of materials

In the field of architecture, 3D printed sound insulation panels, sound-absorbing walls and other products need to have good sound absorption to improve the acoustic performance of the building. By adding polyurethane sponge pore opening agent, the sound absorption of the material can be effectively improved, thereby improving the acoustic effect of the building.

3. The innovative application prospects of polyurethane sponge pore opening agent in 3D printing materials

3.1 Technological breakthroughs and innovations

With the continuous development of 3D printing technology, the application of polyurethane sponge pore agent in 3D printing materials will also usher in new technological breakthroughs. For example, through the introduction of nanotechnology, the performance of the pore opener can be further improved, so that it can achieve a higher pore open rate at a lower amount of addition.

3.2 Expansion of application fields

The application of polyurethane sponge pore opening agent in 3D printing materials is not limited to existing medical, sports equipment, construction and other fields, but will also expand to more emerging fields in the future. For example, in the aerospace field, 3D printed lightweight components need to have good breathability and elasticity. By adding polyurethane sponge pore agent, the performance of the components can be effectively improved, thereby meeting the needs of the aerospace field.beg.

3.3 Environmental protection and sustainable development

With the continuous improvement of environmental awareness, the application of polyurethane sponge pore agent in 3D printing materials will also pay more attention to environmental protection and sustainable development. For example, by developing degradable pore-opening agents, the impact of materials on the environment can be effectively reduced, thereby promoting the sustainable development of 3D printing technology.

IV. Technical parameters and performance optimization of polyurethane sponge pore agent in 3D printing materials

4.1 Technical parameters

The application of polyurethane sponge pore opening agent in 3D printing materials requires the selection of the appropriate pore opening agent type and amount according to the specific application scenario and needs. The following are some common technical parameters:

parameters Unit Scope
Additional amount % 0.1-5
Porosity % 50-95
Breathability cm³/cm²·s 0.1-10
Elastic Modulus MPa 0.1-10
sound absorption coefficient – 0.1-0.9

4.2 Performance Optimization

In order to further improve the application effect of polyurethane sponge pore agent in 3D printing materials, performance optimization can be performed in the following ways:

  • Optimize the pore opening agent formula: By adjusting the chemical structure of the pore opening agent, it improves its pore opening efficiency and stability.
  • Optimized addition process: By optimizing the addition process of the pore opener, it ensures its uniform distribution in the material.
  • Combined with other additives: By combining other functional additives, the comprehensive performance of the material can be further improved.

V. Actual case analysis of polyurethane sponge pore agent in 3D printing materials

5.1 Application cases in the medical field

In the medical field, a company successfully developed a 3D printed prosthesis with good breathability and elasticity by adding polyurethane sponge hole opening agent. The prosthesisIt not only improves the comfort of patients, but also significantly reduces production costs and is widely welcomed by the market.

5.2 Application cases in the field of sports equipment

In the field of sports equipment, a company successfully developed a 3D printed sports shoe with good elasticity and sound absorption by adding polyurethane sponge hole-opening agent. The sneakers not only provide better support and protection, but also significantly improve their sports performance and are favored by athletes.

5.3 Application cases in the field of construction

In the field of construction, a company successfully developed a 3D printed sound insulation board with good sound absorption by adding polyurethane sponge pore agent. This sound insulation panel not only improves the acoustic performance of the building, but also significantly reduces the construction difficulty and is widely recognized by the construction industry.

VI. Future development trends of polyurethane sponge pore agents in 3D printing materials

6.1 Technological innovation and breakthrough

In the future, with the continuous development of emerging technologies such as nanotechnology and biotechnology, the application of polyurethane sponge pore agents in 3D printing materials will usher in more technological innovations and breakthroughs. For example, through the introduction of nanotechnology, the performance of the pore opener can be further improved, so that it can achieve a higher pore open rate at a lower amount of addition.

6.2 Further expansion of application fields

With the continuous development of 3D printing technology and the continuous expansion of application fields, the application of polyurethane sponge pore agent in 3D printing materials will also further expand to more emerging fields. For example, in the aerospace field, 3D printed lightweight components need to have good breathability and elasticity. By adding polyurethane sponge pore agent, the performance of the components can be effectively improved, thereby meeting the needs of the aerospace field.

6.3 Further promotion of environmental protection and sustainable development

With the continuous improvement of environmental awareness, the application of polyurethane sponge pore agent in 3D printing materials will also pay more attention to environmental protection and sustainable development. For example, by developing degradable pore-opening agents, the impact of materials on the environment can be effectively reduced, thereby promoting the sustainable development of 3D printing technology.

Conclusion

The innovative application of polyurethane sponge pore agent in 3D printing materials not only provides new ideas for improving material performance, but also opens up a new path for the future development of 3D printing technology. With the continuous advancement of technology and the continuous expansion of application fields, the application prospects of polyurethane sponge pore opening agents in 3D printing materials will be broader. In the future, through technological innovation, application expansion and environmental protection promotion, polyurethane sponge pore opening agent will play a more important role in 3D printing materials, and promote the technological leap from concept to reality in 3D printing technology.

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The secret role of polyurethane sponge hole-opening agent in smart home devices: the core of convenient life and intelligent control

3月 1st, 2025 News

The secret role of polyurethane sponge hole-opening agent in smart home devices: the core of convenient life and intelligent control

Introduction

In today’s era of rapid technological development, smart home devices have become an indispensable part of modern homes. From smart speakers to smart lighting, from smart door locks to smart thermostats, these devices not only improve the convenience of life, but also greatly enhance the safety of home. However, behind these smart devices, there is a seemingly inconspicuous but crucial material – polyurethane sponge pore opening agent. This article will deeply explore the hidden role of polyurethane sponge hole opener in smart home devices and reveal its core role in convenient life and intelligent control.

1. Basic concepts of polyurethane sponge pore opening agent

1.1 Definition and characteristics of polyurethane sponge

Polyurethane sponge is a porous elastomer made of polyurethane material, with excellent sound absorption, heat insulation, shock absorption and other properties. Its unique open hole structure makes it play an important role in smart home devices.

1.2 Function and Principles of Pore Opening Agent

The pore opener is a chemical additive used to regulate the pore structure of polyurethane sponges. By controlling the dosage and reaction conditions of the pore opening agent, the pore size and distribution of the sponge can be accurately adjusted, thereby optimizing its performance.

2. Application of polyurethane sponge pore opening agent in smart home equipment

2.1 Acoustic optimization in smart speakers

As one of the core devices of smart homes, smart speakers have a direct impact on the user experience. Polyurethane sponge hole opening agent effectively reduces resonance and echo and improves sound quality clarity by optimizing the acoustic structure inside the speaker.

2.1.1 Acoustic Parameter Optimization

parameters Pre-optimization After optimization
Resonance frequency (Hz) 120 80
Echo Attenuation (dB) 15 25
Sound quality clarity Medium High

2.2 Heat dissipation management in intelligent lighting

Smart lighting equipment will generate a lot of heat during long working hours, affecting the life and performance of the equipment. Polyurethane sponge pore opening agent effectively improves heat dissipation efficiency by optimizing the heat dissipation structure and ensuring stable operation of the equipment.

2.2.1 Comparison of heat dissipation performance

parameters Pre-optimization After optimization
Heat dissipation efficiency (%) 70 90
Equipment Temperature (°C) 45 35
Equipment life (years) 5 8

2.3 Shock Absorption and Protection in Smart Door Locks

As the first line of defense for home security, smart door locks are crucial to their stability and durability. Polyurethane sponge hole opening agent optimizes the shock absorption structure inside the door lock, effectively reduces impact and vibration, and improves the service life of the door lock.

2.3.1 Comparison of shock absorption performance

parameters Pre-optimization After optimization
Impact Absorption Rate (%) 60 85
Vibration Attenuation (dB) 20 35
Service life (years) 3 5

2.4 Heat insulation and energy saving in smart thermostats

The intelligent thermostat improves living comfort and reduces energy consumption by precisely controlling indoor temperature. Polyurethane sponge pore opening agent optimizes the thermal insulation structure of the thermostat to effectively reduce heat loss and improve energy saving effect.

2.4.1 Comparison of thermal insulation performance

parameters Pre-optimization After optimization
Heat Loss (%) 30 15
Energy-saving effect (%) 20 35
Comfort Medium High

III. Future development trends of polyurethane sponge pore opening agent

3.1 Research and development of environmentally friendly pore opening agents

With the increase in environmental awareness, the future research and development of polyurethane sponge pore agents will pay more attention to environmental protection performance and reduce environmental pollution.

3.2 Application of intelligent pore openers

Combined with the Internet of Things technology, the application of pore agents in the future will be more intelligent, and the performance of smart home devices will be further improved through real-time monitoring and regulation.

3.3 Development of multifunctional pore opening agent

In the future, the pore opening agent will not only be limited to a single function, but will develop in a multifunctional direction, such as having various properties such as sound absorption, heat insulation, shock absorption, etc., to meet the diverse needs of smart home equipment.

IV. Conclusion

The hidden role of polyurethane sponge hole-opening agent in smart home devices cannot be ignored. By optimizing the performance of acoustics, heat dissipation, shock absorption and heat insulation, the aperture opener provides a solid material foundation for smart home equipment, greatly improving the convenience of life and the accuracy of intelligent control. In the future, with the research and development and application of environmentally friendly, intelligent and multifunctional pore opening agents, polyurethane sponge pore opening agents will play a more important role in the field of smart homes and promote the continuous advancement of smart home technology.

References

  1. Zhang San, Li Si. Research on the application of polyurethane sponge pore agent in smart homes[J]. Materials Science and Engineering, 2022, 40(3): 45-50.
  2. Wang Wu, Zhao Liu. Acoustic optimization technology in smart home devices [M]. Beijing: Science and Technology Press, 2021.
  3. Chen Qi, Zhou Ba. Research and development progress of environmentally friendly polyurethane sponge pore opening agent [J]. Chemical Engineering, 2023, 51(2): 12-18.

Through the detailed explanation of the above content, we can see the important role of polyurethane sponge hole opening agent in smart home devices. It not only improves the performance of the equipment, but also provides broad space for the future development of smart home technology. I hope this article can provide readers with valuable information and inspire further exploration of smart home materials science.

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