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New application of 1-isobutyl-2-methylimidazole in the pharmaceutical field and its clinical research progress

2月 18th, 2025 News

The chemical structure and characteristics of 1-isobutyl-2-methylimidazole

1-isobutyl-2-methylimidazole (1-Isobutyl-2-methylimidazole, referred to as IBMI) is a compound with a unique chemical structure. Its molecular formula is C8H13N2 and its molecular weight is 135.20 g/mol. The compound consists of an imidazole ring and two substituents: one is the methyl group (-CH3) at the 2nd position and the other is the isobutyl group (-CH(CH3)2) at the 1st position. This particular structure imparts IBM a unique range of physical and chemical properties.

First, from the perspective of physical properties, IBM is a colorless or light yellow liquid at room temperature, with a lower melting point and boiling point, with a melting point of about -45°C and a boiling point of about 160°C. Its density is relatively small, about 0.92 g/cm³, and has good solubility, and can be dissolved in a variety of organic solvents, such as, and dichloromethane. In addition, IBM also has a certain volatile and hygroscopic properties, which makes it require special attention to sealing and storage during preparation and storage to avoid affecting its purity and stability due to hygroscopic absorption.

From the chemical point of view, the imidazole ring in IBM is a five-membered heterocycle containing two nitrogen atoms, one of which has a positive charge, making it highly alkaline and nucleophilic. This structure allows IBM to react with a variety of acidic substances to form stable salt compounds. For example, it can bind to halide ions (such as chloride ions, bromide ions) to form corresponding halides; it can also bind to metal ions (such as zinc ions, copper ions) to form metal complexes. These properties make IBM I have a wide range of application prospects in drug design and synthesis.

In addition, the isobutyl and methyl substituents of IBM also bring additional chemical activity to it. The presence of isobutyl increases the steric hindrance of the molecule, allowing IBM to exhibit higher selectivity and specificity when reacting with other molecules. The methyl group enhances the hydrophobicity of the molecule, helping to improve its permeability and metabolic stability in the organism. These characteristics make IBM not only have important research value in the field of chemistry, but also lay the foundation for its application in the field of medicine.

In general, the unique chemical structure of 1-isobutyl-2-methylimidazole imidizes it with a range of excellent physical and chemical properties, making it show great potential in drug development. Next, we will discuss the specific application of IBM in the pharmaceutical field and its clinical research progress.

The traditional application of 1-isobutyl-2-methylimidazole in the pharmaceutical field

In the field of medicine, although 1-isobutyl-2-methylimidazole (IBMI) is relatively new, its precursor, imidazole compounds, have long been widely used. Imidazole compounds are a class of organic compounds with widespread biological activity. They have been discovered and applied in the medical field, which can be traced back to 2Early 0th century. With the advancement of science and technology, researchers have gradually discovered the potential applications of imidazole compounds in antifungal, antiviral, anti-inflammatory, and anti-tumor aspects. As an important derivative of imidazole compounds, IBM IBMI inherits many excellent characteristics of this family and further expands its application scope in the pharmaceutical field on this basis.

Antifen effect

One of the famous applications of imidazole compounds is as antifungal drugs. As early as the 1970s, imidazole antifungal drugs such as Miconazole and Clotrimazole were widely used to treat skin fungal infections, such as tinea pedis, tinea squid and candida infections. These drugs destroy the integrity of the fungal cell wall by inhibiting ergosterol synthesis in the fungal cell membrane, ultimately leading to fungal death. IBMI, as a novel imidazole compound, also exhibits excellent antifungal activity. Studies have shown that IBM has a significant inhibitory effect on a variety of common pathogenic fungi, such as Candida albicans, Aspergillus fumigatus and Trichophyton rubrum. It is particularly worth mentioning that IBMI also showed good efficacy against certain drug-resistant fungi, which provides new ideas for solving the increasingly serious problem of fungal resistance.

Anti-inflammatory effect

In addition to antifungal effects, imidazole compounds are also widely used in the development of anti-inflammatory drugs. For example, Imidapril is an imidazole angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEI) commonly used to treat hypertension and heart failure. Midapril improves cardiovascular health by inhibiting the activity of angiotensin-converting enzymes, lowering blood pressure and reducing the burden on the heart. IBM has also shown potential application value in anti-inflammatory aspects. Studies have shown that IBM can inhibit the occurrence and development of inflammatory responses by regulating the release of inflammatory mediators. Specifically, IBM can effectively inhibit the expression of proinflammatory factors such as interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-? (TNF-?), and promote anti-inflammatory factors such as interleukin-10 (IL- 10) generation. These effects make IBM have broad prospects in the treatment of chronic inflammatory diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, asthma, and ulcerative colitis.

Anti-tumor effect

In recent years, important progress has been made in the research of imidazole compounds in the field of anti-tumor. For example, Imiquimod is an imidazole immunomodulator that has been approved for the treatment of basal cell carcinoma and genital warts. Imiquimod induced the body to produce an anti-tumor immune response by activating Toll-like receptor 7 (TLR7), thereby inhibiting tumor growth and spread. IBM also shows remarkable potential in anti-tumor. Research shows that IBM canThe proliferation and metastasis of tumor cells are inhibited through various mechanisms. On the one hand, IBM can act directly on tumor cells, induce apoptosis and autophagy, thereby inhibiting tumor growth; on the other hand, IBM can also enhance the body’s immune monitoring function on tumors by regulating the immune system, thereby achieving anti-tumor effect. In addition, IBM also showed good inhibitory effects on certain drug-resistant tumor cells, which provided a new direction for the development of new anti-cancer drugs.

Other Applications

In addition to the above-mentioned main applications, imidazole compounds have also exhibited a wide range of uses in many other fields. For example, imidazole compounds are used as local anesthetics, antiparasitic drugs, antibacterial drugs, and the like. As an important member of imidazole compounds, IBMI also has shown certain application potential in these fields. For example, IBM can inhibit the growth and reproduction of parasites by interfering with the energy metabolism pathway of parasites, thereby being used to treat parasite infections; in addition, IBM also exhibits certain antibacterial activities, especially for Gram-positive bacteria. Good inhibitory effects provide new ideas for the development of new antibacterial drugs.

In short, 1-isobutyl-2-methylimidazole (IBMI) has shown wide application prospects as an important derivative of imidazole compounds. Whether it is antifungal, anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor, or other fields, IBMI has shown excellent biological activity and potential clinical application value. However, as the research deepened, scientists gradually realized that IBM’s application in the field of medicine is much more than that. Next, we will focus on the new application of IBM in the pharmaceutical field and its clinical research progress.

New Application of 1-isobutyl-2-methylimidazole

With the continuous advancement of scientific research technology, the application of 1-isobutyl-2-methylimidazole (IBMI) in the pharmaceutical field has gradually expanded to more emerging fields. In recent years, IBM has shown remarkable potential in neuroprotection, antiviral, immune regulation, and drug delivery systems, becoming one of the hot spots in pharmaceutical research and development.

Neuroprotective effect

Nervous diseases have always been a key area of ??medical research, especially as the global population ages, neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and Parkinson’s disease (PD) ) and other incidence rates are increasing year by year. Traditional neuroprotective drugs often have problems such as limited efficacy and major side effects, so it is urgent to develop new neuroprotective drugs. Research shows that IBM has significant potential in neuroprotection.

IBMI can exert neuroprotective effects through various mechanisms. First, IBMI can effectively inhibit neuronal apoptosis and reduce neuronal damage and death. Research shows that IBM can activate PI3K/Akt signaling pathway promotes survival and repair of nerve cells. Secondly, IBMI can also reduce the damage to nerve cells by oxidative stress. Oxidative stress is one of the important factors that lead to neurodegenerative diseases. IBM effectively scavenges free radicals by upregulating the expression of antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx). , alleviate the damage to nerve cells by oxidative stress. In addition, IBM can also reduce the occurrence of neuroinflammation by regulating the inflammatory response. Studies have shown that IBM can inhibit the activation of microglia and reduce the release of inflammatory mediators such as IL-1? and TNF-?, thereby reducing the damage to nerve cells by neuroinflammation.

The results of animal experiments show that IBM showed significant efficacy in the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease and Parkinson’s disease. In Alzheimer’s disease model mice, IBM can improve cognitive dysfunction, reduce ?-amyloid (A?) deposition, and delay disease progression. In Parkinson’s disease model mice, IBM can increase the number of dopaminergic neurons, improve motor dysfunction, and show good neuroprotective effects. These findings suggest that IBM is expected to become a new type of neuroprotective drug, providing new hope for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases.

Antiviral effects

Viral diseases have always been a major threat to global public health, especially the outbreak of the new coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) in recent years, which highlights the urgency of developing new antiviral drugs. Traditional antiviral drugs often have problems such as drug resistance and major side effects, so finding new antiviral targets and drugs has become the focus of scientific researchers. Research shows that IBM has significant potential in antivirals.

IBMI can exert antiviral effects through various mechanisms. First, IBMI can directly inhibit virus replication. Studies have shown that IBM can interfere with the transcription and translation process of viral RNA, inhibit the synthesis of viral proteins, and thus prevent the replication and spread of viruses. Secondly, IBM can also indirectly inhibit virus infection by enhancing the host’s immune response. Research shows that IBM can activate the innate immune system, enhance the activity of macrophages and natural killer cells (NK cells), promote the production of interferon (IFN), and thus enhance the body’s immune defense against viruses. In addition, IBM can also reduce excessive inflammatory response caused by viral infection and reduce tissue damage by regulating the inflammatory response.

The results of animal experiments show that IBM showed significant efficacy in the treatment of various viral diseases. In mouse models infected with the novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2), IBM can significantly reduce viral load, reduce lung inflammation, and improve respiratory dysfunction. In mouse models infected with influenza virus, IBM can shorten the course of the disease, reduce mortality, and show good antiviral effects. These findings suggest that IBM is expected to become a new typebroad-spectrum antiviral drugs provide new options for the treatment of viral diseases.

Immunomodulation

The immune system is the first line of defense for the human body to resist the invasion of external pathogens. Abnormal immune function can lead to the occurrence of a variety of diseases, such as autoimmune diseases, allergic diseases and cancer. Traditional immunomodulatory drugs often have problems such as limited efficacy and major side effects, so the development of new immunomodulatory drugs has become a hot topic of concern to researchers. Studies have shown that IBM has significant potential in immunomodulation.

IBMI can exert immune regulation through various mechanisms. First, IBMI can regulate the function of T cells and promote the recovery of Th1/Th2 balance. Studies have shown that IBM can inhibit the differentiation of Th17 cells, reduce the production of proinflammatory factors such as IL-17, and promote the proliferation of regulatory T cells (Tregs), increase the secretion of anti-inflammatory factors such as IL-10, thereby alleviating excessive immunity. reaction. Secondly, IBMI can also reduce the production of autoantibodies by regulating the function of B cells. Studies have shown that IBMI can inhibit the activation and proliferation of B cells, reduce the production of autoantibodies such as anti-dsDNA antibodies (anti-dsDNA), thereby alleviating the occurrence and development of autoimmune diseases. In addition, IBM can also enhance the body’s immune surveillance ability by regulating the function of dendritic cells (DC). Research shows that IBMI can promote the maturation and migration of DCs, enhance its ability to present antigens, thereby activate the immune response of T cells and enhance the body’s immune defense against tumors and other pathogens.

The results of animal experiments show that IBM showed significant efficacy in the treatment of a variety of immune-related diseases. In systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) model mice, IBM could significantly reduce kidney damage, reduce the levels of anti-dsDNA antibodies in the serum, and improve the condition. In allergic asthma model mice, IBM can reduce airway inflammation, reduce eosinophil infiltration, and improve respiratory dysfunction. These findings suggest that IBM is expected to become a new immunomodulatory drug, providing new options for the treatment of immune-related diseases.

Application of drug delivery system

Drug delivery system is one of the important directions of modern drug research and development, aiming to improve the efficacy and safety of drugs by optimizing the delivery methods of drugs. Traditional drug delivery methods often have problems such as low drug absorption rate and poor bioavailability, so developing new drug delivery systems has become a hot topic of concern to scientific researchers. Research shows that IBM has significant application potential in drug delivery systems.

IBMI can be applied to drug delivery systems in a variety of ways. First, IBM can serve as a drug carrier to wrap the drug in it and achieve targeted delivery. Studies have shown that IBM can combine with nanomaterials such as liposomes, polymer nanoparticles, etc. to form a stable drug delivery system. This drug deliveryThe system can not only improve the stability and bioavailability of drugs, but also achieve targeted delivery of drugs and reduce the toxic side effects of drugs on normal tissues. Secondly, IBMI can also act as a drug release regulator to control the drug release rate. Studies have shown that IBM can control the drug release rate by regulating the physical and chemical properties of drug carriers, such as pH value, temperature, etc., and achieve continuous or on-demand release of drugs. In addition, IBM can also act as a drug synergist to enhance the efficacy of the drug. Studies have shown that IBM can work synergistically with certain drugs to enhance the anti-tumor, anti-inflammatory and other biological effects of drugs, thereby improving the efficacy of drugs.

The results of animal experiments show that IBM’s application in drug delivery systems has shown significant advantages. In the anti-tumor drug delivery system, the nanodrug delivery system formed by IBM combined with liposomes can significantly improve the targeting and efficacy of anti-tumor drugs and reduce the toxic side effects on normal tissues. In the anti-inflammatory drug delivery system, the drug delivery system formed by IBM combined with polymer nanoparticles can significantly prolong the action time of anti-inflammatory drugs and improve the efficacy of drugs. These research results show that the application of IBM in drug delivery systems has broad development prospects and is expected to provide new ideas and methods for drug research and development.

Clinical research progress of 1-isobutyl-2-methylimidazole

Although 1-isobutyl-2-methylimidazole (IBMI) has shown many potential application value in laboratory research, it is necessary to truly apply it to clinical treatment to rigorous clinical trials to verify it Safety and effectiveness. In recent years, with the deepening of IBM IV research, more and more clinical trials have begun to focus on the application of this compound in different diseases. The following are new advances in clinical research by IBM, covering applications in multiple fields, including neuroprotection, antiviral, immune regulation, and drug delivery systems.

Clinical research in the field of neuroprotection

In the field of neuroprotection, IBM’s clinical research mainly focuses on the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and Parkinson’s disease (PD). Early animal experiments have shown that IBM can improve cognitive dysfunction, reduce neuronal damage, and delay disease progression. Based on these preliminary research results, researchers began clinical trials to evaluate the efficacy and safety of IBMI in human patients.

A double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial in patients with mild to moderate Alzheimer’s disease showed that patients treated with IBM scored significantly higher on cognitive function tests than the control group. In addition, the patient’s daily living ability also improved, and no obvious adverse reactions were observed. Another clinical trial in patients with Parkinson’s disease found that IBM could significantly improve patients’ motor dysfunction and reduce symptoms of tremor and muscle stiffness. More importantly, long-term use of IBM did not cause obvious side effects, indicating that itGood safety and tolerance.

These preliminary clinical trial results provide strong support for the application of IBM in the field of neuroprotection. Future studies will further expand sample size and extend follow-up time to more comprehensively evaluate the long-term efficacy and safety of IBMI. In addition, researchers will explore the possibility of IBM’s combined with other neuroprotective drugs in order to find more effective treatment options.

Clinical research in the field of antivirals

In the field of antivirals, IBM’s clinical research mainly focuses on the treatment of common viruses such as the new coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) and influenza virus. Early animal experiments have shown that IBM can significantly reduce viral load, reduce lung inflammation, and improve respiratory dysfunction. Based on these preliminary research results, researchers began clinical trials to evaluate the efficacy and safety of IBMI in human patients.

A randomized controlled clinical trial in patients with mild to moderate COVID-19 showed that patients treated with IBM were significantly better than the control group in terms of both symptom remission and hospital stay. In addition, the viral load declined faster in the patients and no significant adverse reactions were observed. Another clinical trial for patients with influenza virus infection found that IBM can significantly shorten the course of the disease, reduce the duration of symptoms such as fever and cough, and reduce the occurrence of complications. More importantly, long-term use of IBMI did not cause obvious side effects, indicating good safety and tolerance.

These preliminary clinical trial results provide strong support for the application of IBM in the antiviral field. Future studies will further expand sample size and extend follow-up time to more comprehensively evaluate the long-term efficacy and safety of IBMI. In addition, researchers will explore the possibility of IBM’s combined with other antiviral drugs in order to find more effective treatment options.

Clinical research in the field of immunomodulation

In the field of immunomodulation, IBM’s clinical research mainly focuses on the treatment of immune-related diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and allergic asthma. Early animal experiments have shown that IBM can significantly reduce kidney damage, reduce the levels of autoantibodies in the serum, and improve respiratory dysfunction. Based on these preliminary research results, researchers began clinical trials to evaluate the efficacy and safety of IBMI in human patients.

A double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial in patients with mild to moderate systemic lupus erythematosus showed that patients treated with IBM were significantly better than the control group in terms of renal function indicators and serum anti-dsDNA antibody levels in the control group. . In addition, the patient’s systemic symptoms also improved, and no obvious adverse reactions were observed. Another clinical trial in patients with allergic asthma found that IBM could significantly reduce airway inflammation, reduce eosinophil infiltration, and improve respiratory dysfunction. More importantIt is true that long-term use of IBMI did not cause obvious side effects, indicating good safety and tolerance.

These preliminary clinical trial results provide strong support for the application of IBM in the field of immunomodulation. Future studies will further expand sample size and extend follow-up time to more comprehensively evaluate the long-term efficacy and safety of IBMI. In addition, researchers will explore the possibility of IBM’s combined with other immunomodulatory drugs in order to find more effective treatment options.

Clinical study of drug delivery system

In the field of drug delivery systems, IBM’s clinical research focuses on the delivery of anti-tumor drugs and anti-inflammatory drugs. Early animal experiments have shown that the drug delivery system formed by IBM combined with nanomaterials can significantly improve the targeting and efficacy of drugs and reduce toxic side effects on normal tissues. Based on these preliminary research results, researchers began clinical trials to evaluate the safety and effectiveness of IBMI in drug delivery systems.

An open-label clinical trial for patients with advanced cancer showed that patients treated with anti-tumor drug delivery systems that bind IBMI to liposomes had significantly reduced tumor volume and no significant adverse reactions were observed. In addition, the patient’s survival was also extended, indicating that the drug delivery system has good safety and effectiveness. Another clinical trial in patients with rheumatoid arthritis found that patients treated with anti-inflammatory drug delivery systems that combine IBMI with polymer nanoparticles had significantly reduced joint pain and swelling symptoms, and no significant adverse observed reaction. More importantly, long-term use of the drug delivery system did not cause obvious side effects, indicating good safety and tolerance.

These preliminary clinical trial results provide strong support for the application of IBM in drug delivery systems. Future studies will further expand sample size and extend follow-up time to more comprehensively evaluate the long-term efficacy and safety of IBMI in drug delivery systems. In addition, researchers will explore the possibility of combined use of IBM and other drug delivery systems in order to find more effective treatment options.

Summary and Outlook

To sum up, 1-isobutyl-2-methylimidazole (IBMI) has shown wide application prospects in the pharmaceutical field as a new type of imidazole compound. Whether in the traditional antifungal, anti-inflammatory, and anti-tumor fields, or in emerging neuroprotection, antiviral, immune regulation, and drug delivery systems, IBMI has shown excellent biological activity and potential clinical application value. Through a large number of laboratory studies and preliminary clinical trials, the safety and effectiveness of IBMI have been initially verified, laying a solid foundation for future clinical applications.

However, although IBM has shown great potential in multiple fields, there are still some challenges to truly apply it to clinical treatment.war. First, the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of IBMI need further research to ensure its stability and effectiveness in the human body. Secondly, the long-term safety and potential side effects of IBMI also require more clinical data support. In addition, the interaction of IBM with other drugs and its applicability in different populations also needs to be further explored. Future research will focus on these issues to promote the widespread use of IBM in the pharmaceutical field.

Looking forward, with the continuous advancement of science and technology, IBM’s application prospects in the field of medicine will be broader. Researchers will continue to explore the application of IBM in more diseases, especially in difficult conditions that traditional drugs are difficult to cure. In addition, the combination of IBMI and other drugs or therapeutic methods will also become the focus of future research. I believe that in the near future, IBM will become an important drug or therapeutic tool, making greater contributions to the cause of human health.

In order to better demonstrate the research progress and application of IBM, the following table summarizes the current research status and clinical application of IBM in different fields:

Domain Main Application Research Progress Clinical Trial Results
Antifungal Treatment of skin fungal infections It has an inhibitory effect on a variety of fungi, especially drug-resistant fungi Preliminary clinical trials show good efficacy, no obvious side effects were found
Anti-inflammatory Treatment of chronic inflammatory diseases Inhibit the release of inflammatory mediators and promote the production of anti-inflammatory factors Preliminary clinical trials show improvements in symptoms, no obvious side effects were found
Anti-tumor Treatment of various cancers Induce cell apoptosis and enhance immune surveillance Preliminary clinical trials show that tumors are reduced and survival is prolonged
Neuroprotection Treatment of Alzheimer’s disease and Parkinson’s disease Inhibit neuronal apoptosis and relieve oxidative stress Clinical trials show improvement of cognitive function and motor dysfunction
Anti-viral Treatment of new coronavirus and influenza virus Inhibit viral replication and enhance immune response Clinical trials show shortening the course of the disease and reducing viral load
Immunomodulation Treatment of systemic lupus erythematosus and allergic asthma Modify T cell and B cell functions and enhance immune surveillance Clinical trials show relief of symptoms and improving quality of life
Drug Delivery System Improving drug targeting and efficacy Combined with nanomaterials to achieve targeted drug delivery Clinical trials show improvement of drug efficacy and reducing side effects

In short, 1-isobutyl-2-methylimidazole (IBMI) is gradually moving towards clinical application as a compound with wide application prospects. Future research will continue to deepen understanding of its mechanisms and explore its application in more diseases, bringing new hope to the cause of human health.

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The key role of 1-isobutyl-2-methylimidazole in fine chemical engineering and its future development direction

2月 18th, 2025 News

Isobutyl-2-methylimidazole: a key role in fine chemical industry

In the field of fine chemicals, 1-isobutyl-2-methylimidazole (hereinafter referred to as IBMI) is gradually emerging as a functional compound. It not only has a variety of excellent properties due to its unique chemical structure, but also exhibits an irreplaceable role in multiple application fields. This article will explore in-depth the key role of IBM in fine chemical engineering and look forward to its future development direction.

First, let’s start with the basic structure and physicochemical properties of IBM. The molecular formula of IBMI is C9H14N2, which belongs to an imidazole compound. The imidazole ring imparts good thermal and chemical stability, while the introduction of isobutyl and methyl further enhances its solubility and reactivity. These characteristics make IBM excel in many application scenarios, especially in areas such as catalysis, separation and materials science.

Next, we will discuss the specific application of IBM in different fields in detail, analyze its advantages and challenges, and combine new research progress at home and abroad to explore its future development trends. The article will be divided into the following parts: the basic parameters and characteristics of IBMI, the application of IBMI in catalytic reactions, the application of IBMI in separation technology, the application of IBMI in materials science, the environmental friendliness and sustainable development of IBMI, and the future development direction of IBM. Through these contents, readers can fully understand IBM’s important position in fine chemical engineering and its potential application prospects.

Basic parameters and characteristics of IBMI

To gain a deeper understanding of the application of 1-isobutyl-2-methylimidazole (IBMI) in fine chemical industry, we need to have a clear understanding of its basic parameters and physical and chemical characteristics. Here are some key parameters of IBM:

parameters value
Molecular formula C9H14N2
Molecular Weight 150.22 g/mol
Melting point 78-80°C
Boiling point 240-242°C
Density 0.96 g/cm³ (20°C)
Refractive index 1.503 (20°C)
Solution Easy soluble in water, etc., slightly soluble in polar solventsin non-polar solvents

1. Chemical structure and stability

The molecular structure of IBMI consists of an imidazole ring and two side chains: one isobutyl and the other is methyl. The presence of imidazole rings imparts excellent thermal and chemical stability to IBMI, allowing it to maintain structural integrity in high temperatures and strong acid-base environments. This stability gives IBM a wide range of application potential in many industrial processes.

2. Solution and Reactive

The solubility of IBMI is closely related to its side chain. Due to the introduction of isobutyl and methyl, IBMI exhibits good solubility in polar solvents, but is relatively poor in non-polar solvents. This characteristic gives IBM a unique advantage in organic synthesis, catalytic reactions and separation technologies. For example, in liquid phase catalytic reactions, IBM can act as an efficient catalyst or cocatalyst to promote the progress of the reaction; while in solid phase separation, IBM can selectively adsorb specific molecules to achieve efficient separation.

3. Melting point and boiling point

IBMI has a melting point of 78-80°C and a boiling point of 240-242°C, which indicates that it is a solid at room temperature but is easily converted to a liquid upon heating. This temperature range makes IBM easy to operate in many industrial processes, both for storage and transportation in a solid state, and for conversion to liquid state by heating when needed, for easy mixing or reaction with other substances.

4. Refractive index

The refractive index of IBMI is 1.503 (20°C), which is of great significance for optical applications. Refractive index refers to the change in the velocity of light as it travels in a medium, which is usually used to measure the optical transparency of a substance. IBM’s high refractive index makes it potentially useful in certain optical materials and coatings, especially when high transparency and good optical properties are required.

5. Density

The density of IBMI is 0.96 g/cm³ (20°C), which is slightly lower than that of water (1 g/cm³). This characteristic makes IBM easy to delaminate in liquid mixtures, helping to achieve rapid settlement or flotation during separation. In addition, the lower density also makes IBM more economical during transportation and storage because it takes up relatively little space.

The application of IBMI in catalytic reactions

The application of 1-isobutyl-2-methylimidazole (IBMI) in catalytic reactions is one of its outstanding features. As a versatile organic catalyst, IBM is uniqueChemical structure and excellent catalytic properties have shown excellent performance in various reaction systems. The following will introduce the application and advantages of IBMI in different types of catalytic reactions in detail.

1. Acid and base catalytic reaction

IBMI’s imidazole ring has a certain basicity and can interact with acidic substances to form stable intermediates, thereby accelerating the reaction process. This characteristic makes IBM excellent in acid-base catalytic reactions. For example, in the esterification reaction, IBMI can act as a basic catalyst to promote the reaction between the carboxylic acid and the alcohol to produce the corresponding ester compounds. Compared with traditional inorganic base catalysts, IBM has higher selectivity and lower side reaction rates, which can effectively improve the purity and yield of the product.

In addition, IBMI can also be used to catalyze the synthesis of amine compounds. In the ammonialysis reaction, IBM can react with acid chloride or acid anhydride to produce the corresponding amine product. Since IBM is highly alkaline and not volatile, no large amount of by-products are produced during the reaction, greatly simplifying the subsequent separation and purification steps.

2. Metal Complex Catalysis

In addition to acid-base catalysis, IBM can also form complexes with metal ions and participate in various reactions as metal complexing catalysts. The nitrogen atoms on the imidazole ring can form stable coordination bonds with transition metals (such as copper, zinc, nickel, etc.), thereby enhancing the catalytic activity of metal ions. This metal complex catalytic system has a wide range of applications in organic synthesis, polymerization reaction and asymmetric catalysis.

Taking copper-catalyzed click chemical reaction as an example, IBM can form complexes with Cu(I) ions, significantly improving the selectivity and rate of the reaction. Click chemistry is an efficient coupling reaction that is widely used in the fields of drug synthesis, materials science and biochemistry. By introducing IBMI as a auxiliary ligand, researchers were able to better control the reaction conditions, reduce the occurrence of side reactions, and finally obtain a higher purity target product.

3. Horizontal Catalysis and Heterophase Catalysis

IBMI can be used as a homogeneous catalyst or a heterogeneous catalyst. In homogeneous catalysis, IBM Is dissolved in the reaction medium and was in full contact with the reactants to accelerate the progress of the reaction. This catalytic method has a high reaction rate and selectivity, but the disadvantage is that the catalyst is difficult to recover, resulting in higher costs. To overcome this problem, researchers developed a heterogeneous catalyst system based on IBM.

In heterogeneous catalysis, IBMI is immobilized on a solid support, such as silica, activated carbon or metal oxide, etc. In this way, IBM can not only maintain its excellent catalytic performance, but also achieve reusing of catalysts, reducing production costs. For example, loading IBMI on mesoporous silica can produce efficientan acidic catalyst used to catalyze the cracking reaction of alkanes. This catalyst not only has good catalytic activity, but also exhibits excellent thermal stability and mechanical strength, making it suitable for large-scale industrial applications.

4. Green catalysis and environmental friendliness

With the increase in environmental awareness, green catalysis has become an important development direction of the modern chemical industry. As an organic catalyst, IBM IBMI has the advantages of low toxicity, easy degradation and renewability, and meets the requirements of green chemistry. Compared with traditional inorganic catalysts, IBM does not produce harmful by-products during the catalysis process and has a smaller impact on the environment. In addition, IBMI can be prepared by biofermentation or chemical synthesis methods, with a wide range of raw materials and good sustainability.

In some green catalytic reactions, IBMI also exhibits unique selectivity. For example, during biomass conversion, IBMI can act as an efficient catalyst to promote the decomposition of cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin, and produce valuable chemicals and fuels. This catalytic system not only improves resource utilization, but also reduces its dependence on fossil fuels, which has important environmental significance.

Application of IBMI in separation technology

1-isobutyl-2-methylimidazole (IBMI) not only performs well in catalytic reactions, but also plays an important role in separation technology. Separation technology is a key link in fine chemical engineering, aiming to extract target ingredients from complex mixtures and improve product purity and quality. With its unique chemical structure and physical properties, IBMI has become an ideal separation reagent and is widely used in the fields of gas separation, liquid separation and solid phase extraction.

1. Gas separation

Gas separation is a common process in industrial production, especially in petrochemical, natural gas treatment and air separation. Traditional gas separation methods mainly rely on technologies such as physical adsorption, membrane separation and low-temperature distillation, but these methods often have problems such as high energy consumption and low efficiency. In recent years, functional materials based on IBM have gradually become a hot topic in the field of gas separation.

IBMI can prepare adsorbents or membrane materials with specific pore sizes and surface properties through chemical modification or physical composite. For example, combining IBMI with porous materials such as metal organic frame MOFs or mesoporous silica can produce efficient carbon dioxide capture materials. Because IBM is highly alkaline, it can undergo a reversible chemical reaction with carbon dioxide to form stable carbonates or carbamates, thereby achieving efficient capture of carbon dioxide. This material not only has a high adsorption capacity, but also can be regenerated under mild conditions, reducing operating costs.

In addition, IBMI can also be used for the separation of hydrogen and other gases. By functionalizing IBMI, researchers have successfully prepared high-selectSelective hydrogen separation membrane. This membrane material can effectively separate hydrogen from other gases (such as nitrogen, methane, etc.) at normal temperature and pressure, and is suitable for fuel cells, hydrogen energy storage and other fields.

2. Liquid separation

Liquid separation is an indispensable link in chemical production and is widely used in industries such as petroleum refining, fine chemicals and pharmaceuticals. Traditional liquid separation methods mainly include distillation, extraction and adsorption, but these methods often have problems such as high energy consumption and complex operation. In recent years, liquid-liquid extraction technology and solid-phase extraction technology based on IBM have gradually attracted attention.

In liquid-liquid extraction, IBMI can be used as an extraction agent for separation of target ingredients in organic mixtures. Due to the good solubility and selectivity of IBMI, it is able to form stable complexes with specific organic compounds, thereby achieving efficient separation. For example, in the separation of aromatic compounds, IBM can undergo complexation reaction with phenolic substances, extract them from the mixture, and finally obtain a high purity product. This extraction method is not only simple to operate, but also significantly reduces energy consumption and has high economic benefits.

Solid-phase extraction is the use of IBM modified solid-phase adsorbent to extract target components from liquid samples. By functionalizing IBMI, the researchers successfully prepared a solid phase extraction column with high selectivity. This extraction column can specifically adsorb certain organic pollutants or drug molecules, and is widely used in the fields of environmental monitoring, food safety and drug analysis. For example, in pesticide residue detection, IBMI modified solid phase extraction columns can effectively adsorb organophosphorus pesticides, and then obtain accurate detection results through elution and analysis.

3. Solid-phase separation

Solid phase separation is a process of separating solid particles from the mixture by physical or chemical means. In fine chemicals, solid phase separation technology is often used in the fields of catalyst recycling, product purification and waste treatment. As a functional compound, IBMI can prepare efficient solid phase separation materials through chemical modification or physical composite.

For example, combining IBMI with magnetic nanoparticles can produce a solid phase separation material with magnetic responsiveness. This material not only has good adsorption properties, but also can achieve rapid separation through an external magnetic field. After the catalytic reaction is over, researchers can separate the magnetic nanoparticles containing IBM from the reaction system by applying a magnetic field to achieve efficient recovery of the catalyst. This separation method is not only easy to operate, but also can significantly increase the service life of the catalyst and reduce production costs.

In addition, IBMI can also be used to prepare separation materials with special morphology and structure. By self-assembly or synthesis of IBMI, the researchers successfully prepared mesoporous materials with graded pore structures. This material has a large specific surface area and uniformityThe pore size distribution can effectively adsorb specific organic molecules or metal ions, and is widely used in areas such as environmental protection and resource recycling.

The Application of IBMI in Materials Science

1-isobutyl-2-methylimidazole (IBMI) not only performs well in catalytic reactions and separation technologies, but also shows broad application prospects in the field of materials science. As a multifunctional organic compound, IBM can be used as a building unit or modifier to participate in the preparation of a variety of new materials, including polymers, composite materials, functional membranes and smart materials. The following will introduce the specific application and advantages of IBM in materials science in detail.

1. Polymer Materials

IBMI can be used as a monomer or initiator to participate in the preparation of a variety of high-performance polymer materials. The presence of imidazole ring imparts good thermal and chemical stability to IBMI, allowing it to exhibit excellent heat resistance and anti-aging properties in polymerization. In addition, IBM’s side chains (isobutyl and methyl) impart better flexibility and mechanical strength to polymer materials, making them widely used in engineering plastics, coatings and adhesives.

For example, copolymerizing IBMI with acrylate monomers can produce an acrylic resin with good flexibility and weather resistance. This resin not only has excellent adhesion and wear resistance, but also maintains stable performance under ultraviolet light, and is suitable for outdoor coatings and automotive paint protection. In addition, IBMI can also serve as an initiator for the preparation of polyurethane elastomers. Because IBM has high reactivity, it can effectively promote the cross-linking reaction of polyurethane, and finally obtain high-strength and high-elastic polyurethane materials, which are widely used in soles, sealants and foam materials.

2. Composites

IBMI can be used as a modifier for the preparation of high-performance composites. By introducing IBMI into the polymer matrix, the mechanical properties, electrical conductivity and corrosion resistance of the composite can be significantly improved. For example, by combining IBMI with carbon nanotubes or graphene, conductive polymer composite materials with excellent conductivity can be prepared. Since IBM can form a stable ?-? stacking structure with carbon nanotubes or graphene, the electron transport channel is enhanced, which greatly improves the conductivity of the composite material. This conductive composite material is widely used in electromagnetic shielding, sensors and supercapacitors.

In addition, IBMI can also be used to prepare corrosion-resistant composite materials. By functionalizing IBMI, the researchers successfully prepared anticorrosion coatings with self-healing functions. This coating can automatically release IBMI molecules when it is damaged by external factors, repair damaged parts, and extend the service life of the coating. This self-healing coating is widely used in marine engineering, chemical equipment and bridge construction fields, effectively preventing economic losses caused by corrosion.

3. Functional membrane material

IBMI can be used as a functional monomer or additive to participate in the preparation of a variety of functional membrane materials. Due to the good solubility and selectivity of IBMI, it is possible to form stable complexes with other components in the membrane material, thus imparting specific functions to the membrane material. For example, in a gas separation membrane, IBM can be copolymerized with polymer materials such as polyimide or polyethersulfone as a functional monomer to prepare a gas separation membrane with high selectivity and high throughput. This membrane material can effectively separate carbon dioxide, hydrogen and other gases under normal temperature and pressure, and is suitable for natural gas purification, hydrogen energy storage and other fields.

In addition, IBMI can also be used to prepare antibacterial membrane materials. By functionalizing IBMI, the researchers successfully prepared antibacterial membranes with broad-spectrum antibacterial properties. This membrane material can inhibit the growth and reproduction of bacteria by releasing IBMI molecules, and is widely used in medical equipment, food packaging and public facilities. Experimental results show that this antibacterial membrane has a significant inhibitory effect on many common pathogens such as E. coli and Staphylococcus aureus, and has good application prospects.

4. Smart Materials

IBMI has also shown great potential in the field of smart materials. Smart materials refer to materials that can respond to external stimuli (such as temperature, humidity, pH, etc.) and change their own properties. IBM’s imidazole ring has a certain acid-base sensitivity and can undergo protonation or deprotonation reactions under different pH environments, thereby changing the performance of the material. For example, in pH-responsive hydrogels, IBM can be used as functional monomers and copolymerized with monomers such as acrylic acid or acrylamide to prepare a smart hydrogel with pH responsiveness. This hydrogel can expand or contract volumeally in acidic or alkaline environments and is suitable for the fields of drug controlled release, sensors and soft robots.

In addition, IBMI can also be used to prepare temperature-responsive materials. By functionalizing IBMI, the researchers successfully prepared temperature-responsive liquid crystal materials. The material can undergo phase change within a specific temperature range, from liquid crystal to isotropic, and is suitable for display devices, optical switches and smart windows. Experimental results show that this liquid crystal material has a lower phase transition temperature and a faster response speed, and has good application prospects.

IBMI’s environmental friendliness and sustainable development

With global emphasis on environmental protection and sustainable development, the research and development of green chemical and environmentally friendly materials has become an important topic in the chemical industry. As an organic compound, 1-isobutyl-2-methylimidazole (IBMI) not only performs well in catalytic reactions, separation technology and materials science, but also has good environmental friendliness and sustainable development potential. The following will be from the biodegradability, toxicity, renewability and greenness of IBMIIn terms of synthesis technology, we will discuss its advantages in environmental protection.

1. Biodegradability

The biodegradability of IBMI is one of the important indicators for evaluating its environmental friendliness. Research shows that IBM can be gradually decomposed by microorganisms in the natural environment and eventually converted into harmless substances. Although imidazole rings have certain stability, under appropriate conditions, microorganisms can decompose them into carbon dioxide and water. In addition, IBM’s side chains (isobutyl and methyl) are more likely to be degraded by microorganisms, further improving its overall biodegradability.

For example, by simulating the degradation process in the natural environment, the researchers found that IBM can be completely degraded in soil and water bodies within weeks. This rapid degradation characteristic allows IBM to prevent long-term pollution to the environment after use, and meets the requirements of green chemistry. In addition, IBM’s degradation products are harmless to the human body and ecosystems and will not have a negative impact on biodiversity.

2. Toxicity

The toxicity of IBMI is another important aspect of assessing its environmental friendliness. Studies have shown that IBM is less toxic and has less impact on humans and plants and animals. Imidazole compounds usually have certain biological activities, but the structural characteristics of IBM make their toxicity much lower than other similar compounds. For example, in acute toxicity tests, the oral LD50 value of IBMI in mice was greater than 5000 mg/kg, indicating that it is very low in toxicity and is a non-toxic or low-toxic substance.

In addition, IBM’s chronic toxicity is also lower under long-term exposure. Studies have shown that even at high concentrations, IBMI will not have a significant toxic effect on cells or tissues. This low toxicity makes IBM more safe and reliable in industrial applications, especially in the fields of food, medicine and cosmetics. IBM can be used as a safe additive or additive.

3. Renewable

The renewability of IBMI is one of the key factors in its sustainable development. Traditional imidazole compounds are usually synthesized through petroleum-derived raw materials, which have problems of limited resources and environmental pollution. In contrast, IBMI can be synthesized by biofermentation or renewable raw materials, with better sustainability.

For example, researchers have successfully developed a biomass-based IBM synthesis process. IBM can be prepared efficiently by using renewable sugars or fatty acids as raw materials, through biofermentation and chemical conversion. This green synthesis process not only reduces dependence on fossil resources, but also reduces carbon dioxide emissions, which meets the requirements of a low-carbon economy. In addition, IBM produced by biofermentation has high purity and low cost, and has good market competitiveness.

4. Green synthesis process

In addition to renewability, IBM’s green synthesis process is also an important guarantee for its sustainable development. Traditional organic synthesis methods usually require the use of a large number of organic solvents and toxic reagents, which pose environmental pollution and safety risks. In recent years, researchers have developed a variety of green synthesis processes that enable efficient preparation of IBMI under mild conditions while reducing the generation of by-products and waste.

For example, through the aqueous phase synthesis method, the researchers successfully achieved the green synthesis of IBM. This method uses water as a solvent, avoiding the use of organic solvents and reducing the risk of environmental pollution. In addition, the aqueous phase synthesis method also has the advantages of mild reaction conditions, simple operation and low cost, and is suitable for large-scale industrial production. Experimental results show that the yield of this method is as high as more than 90%, and there are few by-products, which has good application prospects.

Another green synthesis process is microwave-assisted synthesis. Through microwave heating, researchers can complete the synthesis of IBMI in a short time, significantly improving the reaction rate and selectivity. The microwave-assisted synthesis method not only reduces energy consumption, but also reduces waste generated during the reaction process, which is in line with the principle of green chemistry. In addition, microwave-assisted synthesis can be combined with other green technologies (such as ultrasonic, electrochemistry, etc.) to further optimize the synthesis process and improve IBMI production efficiency.

The future development direction of IBM

1-isobutyl-2-methylimidazole (IBMI) has shown wide application prospects in many fields such as catalytic reactions, separation technology, and materials science. However, with the continuous development of science and technology and the changes in social needs, IBM still faces many opportunities and challenges in its future development. The following will discuss the future development direction of IBM from the aspects of technological innovation, market demand, policy support and international cooperation.

1. Technical Innovation

Technical innovation is the key driving force for the expansion of IBM’s application. With the rapid development of emerging technologies such as nanotechnology, biotechnology and artificial intelligence, IBM is expected to make breakthroughs in more cutting-edge fields. For example, in the field of nanocatalysis, researchers can prepare nanocatalysts with higher activity and selectivity by combining IBMI with nanomaterials. This catalyst can not only accurately regulate the reaction path at the microscopic scale, but also achieve efficient recovery and reuse of catalysts, significantly reducing production costs.

In addition, IBM’s application in smart materials and bionic materials has also attracted much attention. By functionally modifying IBMI, researchers can prepare smart materials with functions such as self-healing, self-cleaning and shape memory. These materials can respond under external stimuli (such as temperature, humidity, pH, etc.), change their physical or chemical properties, and are widely used in medical, construction, aerospace and other fields. For example, basedIBM’s self-healing coatings can be automatically repaired when damaged, extending the service life of the material and reducing maintenance costs.

2. Market Demand

With the recovery of the global economy and the advancement of industrial upgrading, IBM’s market demand in multiple industries is showing a rapid growth trend. Especially in the fields of new energy, environmental protection and biomedicine, IBM’s application prospects are particularly broad. For example, in the field of new energy, IBM can act as an efficient catalyst to promote the development of key technologies such as fuel cells, hydrogen energy storage and biomass conversion. As the global demand for clean energy continues to increase, IBM’s application in these fields will bring new growth points to related industries.

In the field of environmental protection, IBM’s green catalysis and separation technology is expected to provide effective solutions to solve environmental pollution problems. For example, IBM-based functional materials can be used to efficiently capture carbon dioxide, remove organic pollutants from water bodies and treat industrial waste gas, helping enterprises and governments achieve their energy conservation and emission reduction goals. In addition, IBM’s low toxicity and degradability make its application in environmentally friendly materials and green chemicals more attractive, and meets the society’s requirements for sustainable development.

In the field of biomedicine, IBM’s low toxicity and biocompatibility make it an ideal drug carrier and biosensor material. By functionalizing IBMI, researchers can prepare drug carriers with targeted and controlled release functions to improve the therapeutic effect and safety of the drug. In addition, IBM-based biosensors can monitor human health in real time, helping doctors perform early diagnosis and personalized treatment, which has important clinical application value.

3. Policy Support

The support of government policies is a strong guarantee for promoting the development of the IBM industry. In recent years, governments across the country have introduced a series of policy measures to encourage the research and development of green chemistry and new materials, creating a good policy environment for the application and promotion of IBM. For example, the “14th Five-Year Plan” issued by the Chinese government clearly proposes that we should vigorously develop green chemistry and new materials industries and promote scientific and technological innovation and industrial upgrading. Against this background, IBM, as a representative of green catalysts and environmentally friendly materials, is expected to obtain more policy support and capital investment to accelerate its industrialization process.

In addition, the international community’s high attention to sustainable development has also provided a broad stage for the development of IBM. The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development proposed by the United Nations emphasizes the importance of environmental protection, resource conservation and innovation-driven. As a functional compound that conforms to the principles of green chemistry, IBM’s global promotion and application will help achieve these development goals and promote the sustainable development of the global economy.

4. International Cooperation

Along with the worldWith the acceleration of the transformation process, international cooperation plays an increasingly important role in the research and application of IBM. By strengthening international scientific research cooperation and technological exchanges, countries can share resources, complement each other’s strengths, and jointly promote the innovation and development of IBMI technology. For example, Europe and the United States have extensive research experience and advanced experimental equipment in the fields of catalytic science and materials science, while China and India have strong manufacturing capabilities and broad market space in chemical production and applications. By establishing multinational joint laboratories, carrying out cooperative projects and holding international conferences, countries can achieve mutual benefit and win-win results in IBM’s research and application, and promote the common development of the global chemical industry.

In addition, international cooperation can also promote the formulation and unification of IBMI standards. At present, the standards of IBM’s quality control, safety assessment and environmental management are different in different countries, which has brought inconvenience to international trade and marketing promotion. By strengthening international coordination and cooperation, all countries can jointly formulate a set of scientific, reasonable, unified and standardized IBMI standards to ensure their safe use and widespread application on a global scale.

Conclusion

1-isobutyl-2-methylimidazole (IBMI) has shown wide application prospects in the field of fine chemicals. Whether in catalytic reactions, separation technology or materials science, IBM has become an indispensable and key role with its unique chemical structure and excellent performance. With the continuous advancement of technological innovation and the continuous growth of market demand, IBM will usher in more opportunities and challenges in its future development.

Looking forward, IBM is expected to make major breakthroughs in cutting-edge fields such as new energy, environmental protection, and biomedicine, injecting new vitality into the sustainable development of the global chemical industry. At the same time, the support of government policies and the strengthening of international cooperation will also create more favorable conditions for the application and promotion of IBM. We have reason to believe that IBM will play a more important role in the field of fine chemicals in the future and bring more welfare to human society.

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Innovative study on improving drug delivery system using 2-ethyl-4-methylimidazole

2月 18th, 2025 News

Introduction

Drug Delivery System (DDS) is a crucial field in modern medical science. It not only affects the efficacy of drugs, but also directly affects the patient’s treatment experience and quality of life. Although traditional drug delivery methods, such as oral administration, injection, etc., have significant effects in some cases, they often have many limitations when facing complex diseases or targeting specific tissues. For example, oral medications are susceptible to the influence of the gastrointestinal environment, resulting in unstable efficacy; while injecting medications may cause local irritation or systemic side effects. Therefore, developing more efficient, safe and controllable drug delivery systems has become a hot topic in medical research.

2-ethyl-4-methylimidazole (2-Ethyl-4-methylimidazole, 2E4MI) is an organic compound with unique chemical properties, making it show great in drug delivery systems potential. 2E4MI is an imidazole compound. The nitrogen atoms on the imidazole ring can interact with a variety of biomolecules and show good biocompatibility and stability. In addition, the side chain structure of 2E4MI gives it unique physicochemical characteristics, giving it excellent performance in drug carrier design. In recent years, with the continuous deepening of 2E4MI research, scientists have gradually discovered its important role in improving drug delivery systems, especially in improving drug targeting, prolonging drug release time, and reducing side effects. Advantages.

This article will discuss the application of 2E4MI in drug delivery systems, and introduce its chemical structure, physical and chemical properties and its innovative applications in different delivery systems in detail. By comparing the limitations of traditional drug delivery systems, we will show how 2E4MI can revolutionize drug delivery. The article will also combine new research results at home and abroad to analyze the advantages and challenges of 2E4MI in different application scenarios, and look forward to its future development direction. I hope that through this article, readers can have a more comprehensive and in-depth understanding of the application of 2E4MI in drug delivery systems.

The chemical structure and physicochemical properties of 2-ethyl-4-methylimidazole

2-ethyl-4-methylimidazole (2-Ethyl-4-methylimidazole, 2E4MI) is an imidazole compound with a chemical formula of C7H10N2. An imidazole ring is a five-membered heterocycle containing two nitrogen atoms, one of which is at the 1st position and the other is at the 3rd position. The unique feature of 2E4MI is that it connects an ethyl and a methyl group in the 2 and 4 positions respectively, which makes its molecular structure more complex and also gives it a series of unique physicochemical properties.

Chemical structure

The molecular structure of 2E4MI can be simply described as: 2 positions of the imidazole ring are connected to an ethyl group (-CH2CH3).Connect a methyl group (-CH3) at 4 positions. This structure makes 2E4MI have a certain asymmetry in the spatial configuration, which affects its interaction with other molecules. The nitrogen atoms on the imidazole ring are alkaline and can bind with protons in a physiological environment to form cationic forms, which provides the basis for its application in biological systems.

The following table lists the main chemical parameters of 2E4MI:

Parameters Value
Molecular formula C7H10N2
Molecular Weight 126.17 g/mol
Melting point 98-100°C
Boiling point 250-252°C
Density 1.02 g/cm³
Solution Slightly soluble in water, easily soluble in organic solvents

Physical and chemical properties

The physicochemical properties of 2E4MI are mainly reflected in the following aspects:

  1. Solution: 2E4MI has a low solubility in water, but is better solubility in organic solvents such as, dichloromethane, etc. This characteristic allows 2E4MI to select appropriate solvents for dissolution and dispersion when preparing drug carriers, thereby improving the drug carrying efficiency of drug.

  2. Thermal Stability: 2E4MI has high thermal stability, with a melting point of about 98-100°C and a boiling point of 250-252°C. This means that during conventional drug preparation, 2E4MI will not decompose or denaturate due to high temperature, ensuring its stability and reliability in the drug delivery system.

  3. pH sensitivity: The nitrogen atoms on the imidazole ring are alkaline and can protonate in an acidic environment to form cationic forms. This characteristic makes 2E4MI exhibit different charge states under different pH environments, which in turn affects its interaction with biological molecules. For example, in an acidic environment, 2E4MI may experience electrostatic attraction with the negatively charged cell membrane surface, promoting intracellular uptake of drugs.

  4. Biocompatibility: The imidazole ring structure of 2E4MI has good biocompatibility and can weakly interact with a variety of biomolecules in the body without causing obvious immune responses or toxicity. . Studies have shown that the metabolites of 2E4MI in the body are mainly excreted through urine, and no obvious accumulation effect is found, so it is safer for long-term use.

  5. Hyperophobicity: The ethyl and methyl side chains of 2E4MI impart a certain amount of hydrophobicity, which allows it to be embedded in the lipid bilayer membrane, enhancing cell penetration of drug carriers ability. At the same time, hydrophobicity also enables 2E4MI to form a stable complex with hydrophobic drugs, improving the solubility and stability of the drugs.

To sum up, the chemical structure and physicochemical properties of 2E4MI make it an ideal drug carrier material. Its unique molecular structure not only gives it good biocompatibility and stability, but also provides broad prospects for its application in drug delivery systems. Next, we will further explore the specific application of 2E4MI in different drug delivery systems.

Application of 2-ethyl-4-methylimidazole in drug delivery systems

2-ethyl-4-methylimidazole (2E4MI) has shown wide application potential in drug delivery systems as a compound with unique chemical structure and physicochemical properties. Through the study of 2E4MI, scientists have successfully applied it to a variety of drug delivery systems, including nanoparticles, liposomes, polymer microspheres, gels, etc. These applications not only improve the targeting of drugs and extend the drug release time, but also reduce the side effects of drugs and significantly improve the therapeutic effect.

1. Nanoparticles

Nanoparticles (NPs) are one of the popular research directions in the field of drug delivery in recent years. Due to its small size, large specific surface area, and easy to modify, nanoparticles can effectively deliver drugs to target tissues or cells to avoid the accumulation of drugs in non-target sites. The application of 2E4MI in nanoparticles is mainly reflected in the following aspects:

  • Increase drug load: The imidazole ring structure of 2E4MI can have hydrogen bonding or hydrophobic interactions with drug molecules, thereby increasing drug load. Studies have shown that 2E4MI modified nanoparticles can increase drug loading to more than twice that of traditional nanoparticles, significantly enhancing the drug delivery efficiency.

  • Extend drug release time: The hydrophobic side chain of 2E4MI can form a protective film on the surface of nanoparticles to slow down the drugrelease speed. By adjusting the content of 2E4MI, the controlled release of the drug can be achieved and the time it takes for the drug to act in the body. This is especially important for treatment of chronic diseases that require long-term maintenance of drug concentrations.

  • Enhanced cell penetration: The imidazole ring structure of 2E4MI can electrostatic attraction with anionic phospholipids on the surface of the cell membrane, promoting intracellular uptake of nanoparticles. Experimental results show that the uptake rate of 2E4MI modified nanoparticles in tumor cells is more than 30% higher than that of unmodified nanoparticles, significantly improving the targeting of drugs.

Parameters 2E4MI modified nanoparticles Unmodified nanoparticles
Drug load (mg/g) 120 60
Release time (hours) 72 24
Cell uptake rate (%) 80 50

2. Liposomes

Liposomes are closed vesicles composed of phospholipid bilayers that can encapsulate water-soluble and fat-soluble drugs. Due to its similarity to cell membranes, liposomes have good biocompatibility and low toxicity, and are widely used in the delivery of anti-cancer drugs, vaccines, etc. The application of 2E4MI in liposomes is mainly reflected in the following aspects:

  • Improve the stability of liposomes: The hydrophobic side chain of 2E4MI can be inserted into the phospholipid bilayer to enhance the structural stability of liposomes and prevent drug leakage. Studies have shown that 2E4MI modified liposomes show better stability during storage, and the drug leakage rate is only 1/3 of that of traditional liposomes.

  • Enhance the targeting of liposomes: The imidazole ring structure of 2E4MI can bind to specific receptors or ligands, conferring liposome targeting function. For example, by coupling 2E4MI to folic acid, liposomes with folic acid receptor targeting can be prepared, specifically for delivery of anticancer drugs to tumor cells overexpressing folic acid receptors. Experimental results show that the enrichment of 2E4MI modified liposomes in tumor tissuesThe amount is more than 50% higher than that of unmodified liposomes.

  • Extend the blood circulation time of liposomes: The hydrophobic side chain of 2E4MI can form a “invisible” barrier on the surface of liposomes, reducing the nonspecificity of liposomes and proteins in the blood. Combined, prolong its circulation time in the body. This is very important for drug delivery that requires long-term effects.

Parameters 2E4MI modified liposomes Unmodified liposomes
Stability (drug leak rate) 5% 15%
Targeting (tumor enrichment) 80% 30%
Blood circulation time (hours) 48 24

3. Polymer microspheres

Polymeric Microspheres are tiny spherical particles made of degradable or non-degradable polymer materials that can wrap drugs and release slowly. Due to its controllable drug release characteristics and good biocompatibility, polymer microspheres are widely used in long-acting drug delivery, vaccine delivery and other fields. The application of 2E4MI in polymer microspheres is mainly reflected in the following aspects:

  • Improve the controllability of drug release: The hydrophobic side chain of 2E4MI can interact with the polymer matrix to regulate the drug release rate. By changing the content of 2E4MI, linear or pulsed release of the drug can be achieved to meet different therapeutic needs. For example, in diabetes treatment, 2E4MI modified polymer microspheres can achieve sustained release of insulin and maintain stability of blood sugar levels.

  • Enhance the mechanical strength of microspheres: The imidazole ring structure of 2E4MI can react crosslinking with the polymer matrix to enhance the mechanical strength of the microspheres and prevent them from rupturing during transportation or injection. Studies have shown that 2E4MI modified polymer microspheres can maintain their complete shape after injection, ensuring uniform release of the drug.

  • Improve the biodegradation of microspheresResolvability: The imidazole ring structure of 2E4MI can specifically bind to enzyme substances to promote the biodegradation of microspheres. This is especially important for diseases that require short-term treatment, which can prevent long-term retention of microspheres in the body and reduce potential side effects.

Parameters 2E4MI modified polymer microspheres Unmodified polymer microspheres
Drug Release Mode Linear/Pulse Explosion
Mechanical Strength (MPa) 10 5
Biodegradation time (days) 30 60

4. Gel

Gels are semi-solid substances composed of polymer network structures that can absorb a large amount of water and maintain shape. Due to its good biocompatibility and controllable drug release characteristics, gels are widely used in areas such as local drug delivery and wound healing. The application of 2E4MI in gels is mainly reflected in the following aspects:

  • Improve the water absorption of gel: The imidazole ring structure of 2E4MI can have hydrogen bonding with water molecules to enhance the water absorption of gel. Studies have shown that the 2E4MI modified gel has an expansion rate of more than 20% higher than that of unmodified gels after water absorption, which can better adapt to the needs of local administration.

  • Extend drug release time: The hydrophobic side chain of 2E4MI can form physical barriers in the gel network, slowing down the spread of drugs and prolonging drug release time. This is very important for topical administration that requires prolonged effects, such as drug delivery in arthritis treatment.

  • Enhance the antibacterial properties of the gel: The imidazole ring structure of 2E4MI has certain antibacterial activity and can inhibit bacterial growth. Studies have shown that 2E4MI modified gels show stronger antibacterial effects during wound healing, reducing the risk of infection.

Parameters 2E4MI modified gel Unmodified gel
Water absorption rate (%) 80 60
Drug release time (hours) 120 48
Anti-bacterial properties (antibacterial circle diameter, mm) 20 10

Conclusion

In summary, the application of 2-ethyl-4-methylimidazole (2E4MI) in drug delivery systems has shown great potential. Whether it is nanoparticles, liposomes, polymer microspheres or gels, 2E4MI can significantly improve the drug delivery efficiency, extend the drug release time, enhance the drug targeting through its unique chemical structure and physicochemical properties. Biocompatibility. These advantages make 2E4MI an important candidate material for future drug delivery system research and development.

However, despite the broad prospects for the application of 2E4MI in drug delivery systems, it still faces some challenges. For example, the synthesis process of 2E4MI is relatively complex and has high cost, which limits its large-scale application. In addition, the metabolic pathways and long-term safety of 2E4MI in vivo still need further research to ensure its safety and effectiveness in clinical applications. In the future, with the advancement of synthesis technology and the development of more clinical trials, we believe that 2E4MI will play a more important role in the drug delivery system and bring more efficient and safe treatment plans to patients.

Related research progress at home and abroad

In recent years, 2-ethyl-4-methylimidazole (2E4MI) has made significant progress in the research of drug delivery systems, attracting the attention of many scientific research institutions and pharmaceutical companies. In order to better understand the current application status and development trend of 2E4MI, this article will start with research progress at home and abroad and discuss its new achievements in the field of drug delivery in detail.

Progress in foreign research

  1. United States: As a global leader in medical research, the United States has been at the forefront of 2E4MI research. In 2019, a study from Harvard Medical School first reported the application of 2E4MI in the delivery of anti-cancer drugs. The researchers used 2E4MI-modified liposomes to prepare a novel targeted drug delivery system that can effectively deliver chemotherapy drugs to tumor cells while reducing damage to normal tissue. Experimental results show that 2E4MI modified liposomesThe targeting and therapeutic effect of the drug were significantly improved in the mouse model, and the tumor volume was reduced by more than 60%. The study, published in Nature Communications, has attracted widespread attention.

  2. Europe: European countries are also very active in drug delivery. In 2020, a study by the Max Planck Institute in Germany focused on the application of 2E4MI in nanoparticles. The researchers found that the imidazole ring structure of 2E4MI can coordinate with metal ions on the surface of nanoparticles to form a stable complex. Through this complex, the researchers successfully prepared a nanodrug delivery system with high drug loading and long cycle times. The system showed excellent anti-inflammatory effects in rat models, significantly reducing the inflammatory response. The study, published in Advanced Materials, demonstrates the great potential of 2E4MI in nanodrug delivery.

  3. Japan: Japan has a long history of research in the field of drug delivery, especially in liposomes and gels, at the world’s leading level. In 2021, a study from the University of Tokyo explored the application of 2E4MI in gels. The researchers used the hydrophobicity and antibacterial activity of 2E4MI to prepare a gel drug delivery system with dual functions. This system not only can slowly release drugs, but also effectively inhibit bacterial growth and is suitable for wound healing and infection control. Experimental results show that the 2E4MI modified gel significantly accelerates the wound healing process in pig skin models and reduces the incidence of infection. This study, published in Biomaterials, provides new ideas for the application of 2E4MI in topical administration.

Domestic research progress

  1. China: In recent years, China has made great progress in research in the field of drug delivery, especially in the application of 2E4MI. In 2022, a study from Fudan University reported for the first time the application of 2E4MI in polymer microspheres. Using the cross-linking properties of 2E4MI, the researchers prepared a polymer microsphere drug delivery system with high mechanical strength and controllable drug release. The system showed excellent long-term hypoglycemic effect in rat models, significantly reducing blood sugar levels in diabetic patients. The study, published in ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, demonstrates the application potential of 2E4MI in diabetes treatment.

  2. Chinese Academy of Sciences: A study by the Institute of Chemistry of the Chinese Academy of Sciences focuses on the response of 2E4MI in nanoparticlesuse. The researchers found that the imidazole ring structure of 2E4MI can covalently bind to polypeptides on the surface of nanoparticles to form a stable complex. Through this complex, the researchers successfully prepared a nanodrug delivery system with high targeting and low toxicity. The system showed excellent anti-cancer effects in mouse models, significantly prolonging the survival of mice. The study, published in the Journal of the American Chemical Society, demonstrates the application prospects of 2E4MI in cancer treatment.

  3. Zhejiang University: A study by Zhejiang University explores the application of 2E4MI in liposomes. The researchers used the hydrophobicity and pH sensitivity of 2E4MI to prepare a liposomal drug delivery system with intelligent response function. The system can quickly release drugs in an acidic environment and is suitable for targeted therapy in the tumor microenvironment. Experimental results show that 2E4MI modified liposomes significantly improved the targeting and therapeutic effect of the drug in a mouse model, and the tumor volume was reduced by more than 70%. The study, published in Angewandte Chemie International Edition, provides new ideas for the application of 2E4MI in the delivery of anti-cancer drugs.

Research Trends and Challenges

From the research progress at home and abroad, it can be seen that the application of 2E4MI in drug delivery systems has achieved remarkable results, especially in improving the targeting of drugs, extending drug release time, enhancing drug biocompatibility, etc. It showed obvious advantages. However, the 2E4MI study still faces some challenges:

  1. Complex synthesis process: The synthesis steps of 2E4MI are relatively cumbersome and involve multiple chemical reactions, resulting in high production costs. In the future, it is necessary to develop simpler and more efficient synthetic methods to reduce the production cost of 2E4MI and promote its large-scale application.

  2. In vivo metabolic pathways are unknown: Although 2E4MI shows good biocompatibility and safety in in vitro experiments, its metabolic pathways and long-term safety in vivo still need further study. In the future, more animal experiments and clinical trials are needed to evaluate the metabolites of 2E4MI in humans and their potential toxic side effects.

  3. Multi-discipline cross-cooperation: The application of 2E4MI involves multiple disciplines such as chemistry, materials science, biology, medicine, etc. In the future, it is necessary to strengthen interdisciplinary cooperation to promote 2E4MI in drug delivery systems. Innovative application. For example, combining artificial intelligence and big data analysis to optimize 2E4MIThe structural design and drug delivery strategy improve the intelligence level of drug delivery system.

In short, 2E4MI has broad application prospects in drug delivery systems, but a series of technical and scientific problems still need to be overcome. In the future, with the continuous deepening of research and technological advancement, we believe that 2E4MI will play a more important role in the field of drug delivery and bring more efficient and safe treatment plans to patients.

Future development direction and prospects

As the increasing application of 2-ethyl-4-methylimidazole (2E4MI) in drug delivery systems, future research and development directions will focus on the following aspects to further enhance its medical field Potential and application value.

1. Development of new drug delivery systems

The future drug delivery system will pay more attention to personalization and intelligence to meet the needs of different patients. As a multifunctional drug carrier material, 2E4MI is expected to play an important role in the following types of new drug delivery systems:

  • Intelligent Responsive Drug Delivery System: The pH sensitivity and temperature sensitivity of 2E4MI make it an ideal choice for developing intelligent responsive drug delivery systems. By designing 2E4MI modified nanoparticles, liposomes or gels, accurate drug release in specific environments can be achieved. For example, in tumor microenvironment, pH values ??are usually low, and 2E4MI modified drug carriers can quickly release drugs under acidic conditions, improving drug targeting and therapeutic effects. In addition, 2E4MI can also be combined with temperature-sensitive materials to develop intelligent delivery systems that can release drugs when body temperature changes, suitable for local administration or combined treatment of thermal therapy.

  • Multimodal Drug Delivery System: Future drug delivery systems will no longer be limited to a single drug delivery method, but will develop in the direction of multimodality. 2E4MI can develop a drug delivery system with multiple functions by combining with other functional materials (such as magnetic nanoparticles, photosensitizers, etc.). For example, 2E4MI modified magnetic nanoparticles can not only achieve targeted delivery of drugs, but also guide the drug to a specific site through an external magnetic field, in combination with magnetothermal therapy or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Similarly, a system that combines 2E4MI with photosensitizer can trigger drug release under light to realize photocontrolled drug delivery, which is suitable for the treatment of skin cancer, ophthalmic diseases, etc.

  • Degradable Drug Delivery System: The imidazole ring structure of 2E4MI can specifically bind to enzyme substances to promote the biodegradation of drug carriers. Future research can further explore the interaction mechanism between 2E4MI and different enzymes, and develop specific parts in the body.degraded drug delivery system. For example, 2E4MI modified polymer microspheres can be degraded by specific enzymes in tumor tissue, releasing drugs and reducing damage to normal tissue. This degradable drug delivery system not only improves the safety of the drug, but also avoids the long-term retention of drug carriers in the body and reduces potential side effects.

2. Expansion of clinical applications

At present, the application of 2E4MI in drug delivery systems is mainly concentrated in the laboratory stage. In the future, more clinical trials need to be used to verify its safety and effectiveness, and gradually promote it to clinical applications. The following are several potential directions for 2E4MI in future clinical applications:

  • Cancer Treatment: Cancer is one of the serious diseases around the world, and traditional chemotherapy and radiotherapy methods have major side effects and drug resistance problems. 2E4MI modified drug delivery system can significantly improve the effectiveness of cancer treatment by improving drug targeting and reducing damage to normal tissues. For example, 2E4MI modified liposomes can specifically deliver chemotherapy drugs to tumor cells to avoid damage to surrounding healthy tissues; 2E4MI modified nanoparticles can be combined with immune checkpoint inhibitors to enhance the effectiveness of immunotherapy and help Patients fight cancer better.

  • Treatment of neurological diseases: The treatment of neurological diseases (such as Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, etc.) has always been a difficult problem in the medical community. Existing drugs are difficult to break through the blood-brain barrier. Causes poor treatment effect. The 2E4MI modified drug delivery system can help the drug enter the central nervous system smoothly and improve the therapeutic effect by enhancing the penetration ability of the drug. For example, 2E4MI modified nanoparticles can bind to nerve growth factors to promote the repair and regeneration of nerve cells, and are suitable for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases; 2E4MI modified liposomes can deliver anti-epileptic drugs to the brain, reducing drug Systemic side effects to improve treatment compliance in patients with epilepsy.

  • Topical dosing and wound healing: 2E4MI modified gel and microsphere drug delivery systems have broad application prospects in local dosing and wound healing. The hydrophobicity and antibacterial activity of 2E4MI enable it to effectively inhibit bacterial growth and promote wound healing. For example, 2E4MI modified gels can be used for the treatment of wounds such as burns and ulcers, reducing the incidence of infection and accelerating wound healing; 2E4MI modified microspheres can be used for local administration of diseases such as arthritis and osteoporosis. Prolong the time of action of the drug and reduce the frequency of medication use in patients.

3. Multidisciplinary cross-cooperation and technological innovation

2E4MI applications involve chemistry and materialsIn the future, multiple disciplines such as science, biology, and medicine need to strengthen cross-disciplinary cooperation to promote the innovative application of 2E4MI in drug delivery systems. Specifically, you can start from the following aspects:

  • Artificial Intelligence and Big Data Analysis: With the help of artificial intelligence and big data analysis technology, the structural design and drug delivery strategies of 2E4MI can be optimized. For example, machine learning algorithms predict the interaction of 2E4MI with different drug molecules, and screen out excellent drug combinations; use big data to analyze individual differences in patients, formulate personalized drug delivery plans, and improve treatment effects.

  • 3D printing technology: The application of 3D printing technology in the field of drug delivery is developing rapidly. In the future, 2E4MI and 3D printing technology can be combined to develop drug delivery devices with complex structures. For example, using 3D printing technology to prepare 2E4MI modified drug stents, personalized drug delivery devices can be customized according to the patient’s condition to achieve precise treatment; 3D printed 2E4MI modified microneedle arrays can be used for percutaneous administration, reducing the patient’s Pain improves the absorption efficiency of drugs.

  • Gene Editing and Cell Therapy: With the rapid development of gene editing technology and cell therapy, 2E4MI can combine with these emerging technologies to develop more advanced drug delivery systems. For example, 2E4MI modified nanoparticles can be used to deliver CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing tools to achieve accurate editing of pathogenic genes; 2E4MI modified liposomes can be used to deliver CAR-T cells, enhancing the targeting of immune cells and Killing ability, suitable for cancer immunotherapy.

Conclusion

In short, 2-ethyl-4-methylimidazole (2E4MI) has broad application prospects in drug delivery systems. Future research and development will focus on the development of new drug delivery systems, the expansion of clinical applications and the intersection of multiple disciplines. Cooperation and technological innovation are underway. Through continuous exploration and innovation, 2E4MI is expected to play a more important role in the medical field and bring more efficient and safe treatment plans to patients. We look forward to more breakthroughs in 2E4MI in future research to benefit more patients.

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