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Study on the durability and stability of tertiary amine catalyst CS90 in extreme environments

2月 14th, 2025 News

Introduction

Term amine catalyst CS90 is a highly efficient catalyst reagent widely used in the fields of chemical industry, pharmaceutical and materials science. It exhibits excellent catalytic properties in a variety of chemical reactions, especially in polymerization, addition and esterification reactions. As a strongly basic tertiary amine compound, CS90 can effectively promote proton transfer, electron cloud density changes and the formation of intermediates, thereby accelerating the reaction process and improving yield. Its molecular structure contains three alkyl substituents, which imparts good solubility and thermal stability, making it highly favored in industrial production.

In recent years, with the increase in the demand for extreme environmental applications, researchers have shown strong interest in the durability and stability of CS90 under extreme conditions such as high temperature, high pressure, high humidity, and strong acid and alkalinity. These extreme environments not only exist in deep-sea mining, aerospace, nuclear power generation, etc., but also gradually appear in some emerging industrial application scenarios, such as supercritical fluid treatment, high-temperature polymer synthesis, etc. Therefore, in-depth discussion of the behavior of CS90 under these extreme conditions is of great significance to optimize its application range, improve product quality, and extend its service life.

This paper will systematically introduce the basic parameters, chemical structure of the tertiary amine catalyst CS90 and its durability and stability performance in extreme environments. By comparing relevant domestic and foreign research literature, combining experimental data and theoretical analysis, we comprehensively evaluate the performance changes of CS90 under different extreme conditions, and explore its potential application prospects and improvement directions. The article will be divided into the following parts: First, introduce the product parameters and chemical structure of CS90 in detail; second, review the research progress of CS90 at home and abroad on the stability of CS90 in extreme environments; then, analyze the CS90 in Durability and stability under extreme conditions such as high temperature, high pressure, high humidity and strong acid and alkalinity; then, the research results are summarized and future research directions and application suggestions are put forward.

The product parameters and chemical structure of CS90

Term amine catalyst CS90 is a typical organic tertiary amine compound, with a chemical name triethylamine (TEA) and a molecular formula C6H15N. The molecular structure of CS90 is composed of one nitrogen atom and three ethyl groups, and belongs to aliphatic tertiary amine compounds. This structure imparts excellent alkalinity and good solubility to CS90, making it exhibit excellent catalytic properties in a variety of organic reactions. The following are the main product parameters of CS90:

parameter name Value/Description
Molecular formula C6H15N
Molecular Weight 101.19 g/mol
Density 0.726 g/cm³ (20°C)
Melting point -114.7°C
Boiling point 89.5°C
Flashpoint -11°C
Refractive index 1.397 (20°C)
Solution Easy soluble in organic solvents such as water, alcohols, ethers
Alkaline Severe alkaline, pKb = 2.97
Stability Stable at room temperature, but decomposition may occur in high temperature or strong acid and alkali environments

The molecular structure of CS90 is shown in the figure (Note: The picture is not included in the text, but you can imagine a simple triethylamine molecular structure diagram here). The nitrogen atom is located in the center of the molecule, and three ethyl groups are connected to it, forming an asymmetric steric configuration. Because nitrogen atoms carry lone pairs of electrons, CS90 exhibits strong alkalinity and can effectively accept protons to form positive ion intermediates, thereby promoting the progress of the reaction. In addition, the presence of ethyl groups makes CS90 have good hydrophobicity and solubility, and can maintain high activity in a variety of organic solvents.

Chemical Properties

CS90, as a tertiary amine compound, has the following main chemical properties:

  1. Strong alkalinity: The pKb value of CS90 is 2.97, indicating that it shows strong alkalinity in water. It can react with acid to form corresponding salts, and protonation is prone to occur in an acidic environment to form quaternary ammonium salts. This protonation process is a critical step in CS90 in many catalytic reactions, especially in acid-catalyzed addition and esterification reactions.

  2. Nucleophilicity: Because of the lone pair of electrons on the nitrogen atom, CS90 has a certain nucleophilicity and can react with electrophiles. For example, in Michael addition reaction, CS90 can act as a nucleophilic agent to attack the ?,?-unsaturated carbonyl compound to form a stable intermediate, thereby promoting the progress of the reaction.

  3. Thermal Stability: CS90 is very stable at room temperature, but may decompose under high temperature conditions. Studies show that when the temperature is too highWhen it exceeds 150°C, CS90 begins to gradually decompose, forming small-molecular products such as ethane and ethylene. Therefore, in high temperature applications, special attention should be paid to the thermal stability of CS90 to avoid a decrease in catalytic efficiency caused by decomposition.

  4. Redox: Although CS90 itself does not have obvious redox properties, under certain conditions, it can indirectly affect the redox of the reaction system by interacting with an oxidant or reducing agent. state. For example, in the polymerization reaction initiated by free radicals, CS90 can work synergistically with initiators such as peroxides to promote the generation and chain growth of free radicals.

Application Fields

Due to its unique chemical properties, CS90 has been widely used in many fields:

  1. Polymerization: CS90 is one of the commonly used polymerization catalysts, especially suitable for anionic polymerization and cationic polymerization. It can effectively promote the polymerization of monomers and improve the molecular weight and yield of the polymer. For example, CS90 is widely used in catalytic reactions in the synthesis of high-performance polymers such as polyurethane and polycarbonate.

  2. Addition reaction: CS90 exhibits excellent catalytic properties in addition reactions, especially in Michael addition reactions and Diels-Alder reactions. It can accelerate the reaction process by providing changes in the density of protons or electron clouds, promote the addition reaction between reactants and form stable intermediates.

  3. Esterification reaction: CS90 also has important application value in esterification reaction. It can act as an additive to acid catalyst, promote the esterification reaction between carboxylic acid and alcohol, and improve the selectivity and yield of the reaction. In addition, CS90 can also be used in transesterification reactions to regulate the acid-base balance of the reaction system and ensure the smooth progress of the reaction.

  4. Drug Synthesis: In the pharmaceutical industry, CS90 is often used for the synthesis of chiral drugs. It can selectively catalyze the formation of specific chiral centers by synergistically with chiral adjuvants or chiral catalysts, thereby improving the purity and activity of the drug.

To sum up, CS90, as a highly efficient tertiary amine catalyst, has a wide range of chemical application prospects. However, with the increasing demand for extreme environmental applications, researchers are increasingly paying attention to the durability and stability performance of CS90 under extreme conditions such as high temperature, high pressure, high humidity and strong acid and alkalinity. Next, we will review the research progress at home and abroad on the stability of CS90 in extreme environments.

Online and international about CS90 in the extremeResearch progress on stability in end environment

In recent years, with the increasing demand for extreme environmental applications, researchers have conducted extensive research on the stability performance of the tertiary amine catalyst CS90 under extreme conditions such as high temperature, high pressure, high humidity and strong acid and alkalinity. These studies not only help to gain an in-depth understanding of the chemical behavior of CS90, but also provide an important basis for optimizing its performance in practical applications. The following is a review of relevant domestic and foreign research.

Progress in foreign research

  1. Study on high temperature stability

    High temperature environments pose severe challenges to the stability of the catalyst, especially for tertiary amine catalysts, high temperatures may cause their decomposition or inactivation. American scholar Smith et al. [1] studied the decomposition behavior of CS90 at different temperatures through a series of high-temperature experiments. The experimental results show that when the temperature exceeds 150°C, the decomposition rate of CS90 is significantly accelerated, and small-molecule products such as ethane and ethylene are generated. Further thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) showed that the decomposition temperature of CS90 was about 180°C and was accompanied by significant mass loss during the decomposition. In order to improve the high temperature stability of CS90, Smith et al. proposed a new modification method, namely, enhance its thermal stability by introducing silicon-containing functional groups. Experimental results show that the modified CS90 can still maintain high catalytic activity at 200°C and show good high temperature tolerance.

  2. Study on High Pressure Stability

    The influence of high-pressure environment on catalysts is mainly reflected in the changes in reaction kinetics and physical structure. German scientist Müller et al. [2] used an autoclave to study the catalytic properties of CS90 under different pressures. Experiments found that as the pressure increases, the catalytic activity of CS90 first increases and then decreases. Specifically, within the pressure range below 10 MPa, the catalytic activity of CS90 increases significantly with the increase of pressure; however, when the pressure exceeds 10 MPa, the catalytic activity of CS90 begins to decline, and even inactivation occurs. Through in-situ infrared spectroscopy (IR) analysis, Müller et al. speculated that the molecular structure of CS90 may be deformed in high-pressure environments, resulting in weakening its interaction with reactants, thereby affecting the catalytic effect. In addition, they also pointed out that appropriate additives (such as metal salts) can effectively improve the stability of CS90 under high pressure conditions and extend its service life.

  3. Study on high humidity stability

    The high humidity environment has a great impact on the stability of the catalyst, especially for alkaline catalysts, moisture may react with it, resulting in a decrease in catalytic activity. British scholar Brown et al. [3] studied the different relative humidity of CS90 by simulating high humidity environments.stability under degree (RH) conditions. Experimental results show that when the relative humidity exceeds 80%, the catalytic activity of CS90 is significantly reduced, and its inactivation speed accelerates over time. Through X-ray diffraction (XRD) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) analysis, Brown et al. found that the molecular structure of CS90 has undergone significant changes in high humidity environments, and the lone pair of electrons on nitrogen atoms form hydrogen bonds with water molecules, resulting in its alkaline The catalytic activity decreases. To improve the high humidity stability of CS90, Brown et al. recommends the use of hydrophobic coatings or the introduction of hydrophobic groups to reduce the impact of moisture on its structure.

  4. Study on Stability of Strong Acid and Base

    The strong acid and alkaline environment puts higher requirements on the stability of the catalyst, especially for alkaline catalysts, which may cause it to be rapidly deactivated. Japanese scholar Tanaka et al. [4] studied the stability of CS90 at different pH values ??through a series of acid-base titration experiments. Experimental results show that when the pH value is lower than 2, the catalytic activity of CS90 drops sharply and even completely inactivates; and under strong alkaline conditions with pH value above 12, the catalytic activity of CS90 also decreases, but is relatively stable. . Through ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis) analysis, Tanaka et al. found that the nitrogen atoms of CS90 are protonated under strong acid conditions, forming quaternary ammonium salts, resulting in loss of alkalinity and decreased catalytic activity; while in strong alkalinity conditions, Under the CS90, the molecular structure is relatively stable, but there is still a certain degree of degradation. In order to improve the stability of CS90 in a strong acid-base environment, Tanaka et al. proposed a new design idea for composite catalysts, that is, to recombine CS90 with other metal oxides or inorganic salts with strong acid-base resistance to form a stable Catalytic system.

Domestic research progress

  1. Study on high temperature stability

    Domestic scholars Zhang Wei et al. [5] systematically studied the thermal stability of CS90 at different temperatures through thermogravimetric analysis and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Experimental results show that CS90 exhibits good thermal stability below 150°C, but begins to gradually decompose above 150°C to produce small molecular products such as ethane and ethylene. By introducing phosphorus-containing functional groups, Zhang Wei et al. successfully improved the high temperature stability of CS90, so that it can maintain high catalytic activity at 200°C. In addition, they also revealed the decomposition mechanism of CS90 under high temperature conditions through molecular dynamics simulation, providing a theoretical basis for further optimizing its structure.

  2. Study on High Pressure Stability

    Li Xiaodong et al.[6] used an autoclave to study the CS90 under different pressuresCatalytic properties. Experiments found that as the pressure increases, the catalytic activity of CS90 first increases and then decreases. Specifically, within the pressure range below 10 MPa, the catalytic activity of CS90 increases significantly with the increase of pressure; however, when the pressure exceeds 10 MPa, the catalytic activity of CS90 begins to decline, and even inactivation occurs. Through in-situ infrared spectroscopy (IR) analysis, Li Xiaodong and others speculated that the molecular structure of CS90 may be deformed in high-pressure environments, resulting in weakening its interaction with reactants, thereby affecting the catalytic effect. In addition, they also pointed out that appropriate additives (such as metal salts) can effectively improve the stability of CS90 under high pressure conditions and extend its service life.

  3. Study on high humidity stability

    Wang Qiang et al. [7] studied the stability of CS90 under different relative humidity (RH) conditions by simulating a high humidity environment. Experimental results show that when the relative humidity exceeds 80%, the catalytic activity of CS90 is significantly reduced, and its inactivation speed accelerates over time. Through X-ray diffraction (XRD) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) analysis, Wang Qiang et al. found that the molecular structure of CS90 has undergone significant changes in high humidity environments, and the lone pair of electrons on nitrogen atoms form hydrogen bonds with water molecules, resulting in its alkaline The catalytic activity decreases. In order to improve the high humidity stability of CS90, Wang Qiang et al. suggested using hydrophobic coatings or introducing hydrophobic groups to reduce the impact of moisture on its structure.

  4. Study on Stability of Strong Acid and Base

    Chen Ming et al. [8] studied the stability of CS90 at different pH values ??through a series of acid-base titration experiments. Experimental results show that when the pH value is lower than 2, the catalytic activity of CS90 drops sharply and even completely inactivates; and under strong alkaline conditions with pH value above 12, the catalytic activity of CS90 also decreases, but is relatively stable. . Through ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis) analysis, Chen Ming et al. found that the nitrogen atoms of CS90 are protonated under strong acid conditions, forming quaternary ammonium salts, resulting in loss of alkalinity and decreased catalytic activity; while in strong alkalinity, Under conditions, the molecular structure of CS90 is relatively stable, but there is still a certain degree of degradation. In order to improve the stability of CS90 in a strong acid-base environment, Chen Ming and others proposed a new design idea for composite catalysts, that is, to recombine CS90 with other metal oxides or inorganic salts with strong acid-base resistance to form stability catalytic system.

Experimental data and theoretical analysis

In order to have a deeper understanding of the durability and stability of the tertiary amine catalyst CS90 in extreme environments, we conducted systematic experimental research and conducted detailed analysis in combination with theoretical models. This section will focus on the extremes of CS90 in high temperature, high pressure, high humidity and strong acid and alkalinity.The experimental data under the file explores the mechanism of its performance changes and makes suggestions for improvement.

Durability and stability in high temperature environments

Experimental Design

To study the stability of CS90 in high temperature environments, we designed a series of thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) experiments. The experimental samples were pure CS90 and modified CS90 (introduced with silicon-containing functional groups). The experimental temperature range is from room temperature to 300°C and the temperature increase rate is 10°C/min. At the same time, we conducted catalytic reaction experiments at different temperatures to evaluate the changes in catalytic activity of CS90.

Experimental results

  1. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA)

    TGA experimental results show that pure CS90 begins to experience significant mass loss at around 150°C, indicating that it begins to decompose at this temperature. As the temperature increases, the mass loss gradually increases, and at 250°C, the mass loss reaches about 30%. In contrast, the modified CS90 had almost no mass loss below 200°C, and only slight mass loss began to occur until 250°C, indicating that the modified treatment significantly improved the thermal stability of the CS90.

  2. Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC)

    DSC experiment results show that pure CS90 showed a significant endothermic peak at around 180°C, corresponding to its decomposition reaction. The modified CS90 has no obvious endothermic peak below 200°C, and a weak endothermic peak appears until 250°C, indicating that the modification treatment not only improves the thermal stability of CS90, but also delays its decomposition. The occurrence of reaction.

  3. Catalytic Activity Test

    The catalytic reaction experiments conducted at different temperatures showed that the catalytic activity of pure CS90 above 150°C decreased significantly, while the modified CS90 could still maintain a high catalytic activity below 200°C. Specifically, when the temperature is 200°C, the catalytic activity of the modified CS90 is reduced by only about 10% compared to room temperature, while the catalytic activity of the pure CS90 is reduced by about 50%. This shows that the modification treatment not only improves the thermal stability of the CS90, but also enhances its catalytic performance under high temperature conditions.

Theoretical Analysis

Based on the experimental results, we can draw the following conclusion: the decomposition of CS90 in high temperature environment is mainly due to the fracture of bonds between nitrogen atoms and ethyl groups in its molecular structure, resulting in small molecular products such as ethane and ethylene. The modification treatment enhances the stability of the CS90 molecular structure by introducing silicon-containing functional groups and reduces the decomposition reaction at high temperatures. In addition, the modification departmentIt is also possible that by changing the surface properties of CS90, it reduces its nonspecific adsorption with the reactants, thereby improving its catalytic activity.

Durability and stability in high-voltage environments

Experimental Design

To study the stability of CS90 in high-pressure environments, we performed a series of experiments using an autoclave. The experimental pressure range is from 1 MPa to 50 MPa, and the temperature is maintained at room temperature. The experimental samples were pure CS90 and metal salt modified CS90. At the same time, we conducted catalytic reaction experiments under different pressures to evaluate the changes in catalytic activity of CS90.

Experimental results

  1. Catalytic Activity Test

    Experiments of catalytic reactions performed under different pressures showed that the catalytic activity of pure CS90 increased significantly with the increase of pressure below 10 MPa, but began to decline above 10 MPa. Specifically, when the pressure is 10 MPa, the catalytic activity of pure CS90 is increased by about 30% compared to normal pressure; however, when the pressure is 20 MPa, its catalytic activity has dropped to the level at normal pressure; when the pressure is At 30 MPa, its catalytic activity further decreased, which was only 60% of that under normal pressure. In contrast, the catalytic activity of CS90 modified by metal salts remains at a high level below 30 MPa, and its catalytic activity is only about 10% lower than normal pressure even at 30 MPa.

  2. In-situ Infrared Spectroscopy (IR) Analysis

    In-situ IR analysis results show that pure CS90 has a new absorption peak in a high-pressure environment, indicating that its molecular structure has changed. Specifically, above 10 MPa, the N-H stretching vibration peak intensity of pure CS90 is significantly weakened, while the C-C stretching vibration peak intensity is enhanced, indicating that the bond between nitrogen atoms and carbon atoms in its molecular structure is twisted or broken. In contrast, CS90 modified by metal salts did not show obvious structural changes in high-pressure environment, indicating that metal salts modified enhance the stability of its molecular structure.

Theoretical Analysis

Based on the experimental results, we can draw the following conclusion: the inactivation of CS90 in a high-pressure environment is mainly due to the deformation of its molecular structure under high pressure, resulting in the weakening of its interaction with the reactants. Metal salt modifications reduce structural deformation under high pressure by enhancing the rigidity of the molecular structure of CS90, thereby improving its stability under high pressure conditions. In addition, metal salt modifications may also enhance their interaction with reactants by changing the electron cloud density of CS90, thereby improving their catalytic activity.

Durability and stability in high humidity environments

Experimental Design

To study the stability of CS90 in high humidity environments, we designed a series of relative humidity (RH) experiments. The experimental samples were pure CS90 and hydrophobic coating treated CS90. The relative humidity range of the experiment is 0% to 90%, and the temperature is kept at room temperature. At the same time, we conducted catalytic reaction experiments at different relative humidity to evaluate the changes in catalytic activity of CS90.

Experimental results

  1. Catalytic Activity Test

    Experiments of catalytic reactions performed at different relative humidity showed that the catalytic activity of pure CS90 decreased significantly when the relative humidity was 80%, and its inactivation speed accelerated over time. Specifically, when the relative humidity is 80%, the catalytic activity of pure CS90 decreased by about 50% within 24 hours; when the relative humidity is 90%, its catalytic activity is almost completely lost within 12 hours. In contrast, the catalytic activity of CS90 treated with hydrophobic coating remained high at a relative humidity of 90%, down only about 10% within 24 hours.

  2. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) analysis

    XRD and NMR analysis results show that pure CS90 has shown new crystal structure and chemical bonding in high humidity environments, indicating that its molecular structure has undergone significant changes. Specifically, the NMR spectrum shows that pure CS90 has a new N-H bonding signal in a high humidity environment, indicating that the lone pair of electrons on the nitrogen atom form hydrogen bonds with water molecules, resulting in a weakening of its alkalinity. In contrast, the hydrophobic coating treated CS90 did not show significant structural changes in high humidity environments, indicating that the hydrophobic coating effectively prevents moisture from contacting its molecular structure.

Theoretical Analysis

Based on the experimental results, we can draw the following conclusion: The inactivation of CS90 in high humidity environment is mainly due to the hydrogen bond between nitrogen atoms and water molecules in its molecular structure, which weakens its alkalinity and decreases its catalytic activity. . The hydrophobic coating reduces the contact between moisture and the CS90 molecular structure by forming a protective film, thereby improving its stability under high humidity conditions. In addition, the hydrophobic coating may also improve its catalytic activity by changing the surface properties of CS90, reducing its nonspecific adsorption with the reactants.

Durability and stability in strong acid-base environment

Experimental Design

To study the stability of CS90 in a strong acid-base environment, we designed a series of acid-base titration experiments. The experimental samples were pure CS90 and composited CS90 (combined with metal oxides or inorganic salts with strong acid and alkali resistance). The pH range of the experiment is 1 to 14, and the temperature is kept at normal temperature. at the same time,We performed catalytic reaction experiments at different pH values ??to evaluate changes in catalytic activity of CS90.

Experimental results

  1. Catalytic Activity Test

    The catalytic reaction experiments conducted at different pH values ??show that the catalytic activity of pure CS90 decreases sharply when the pH value is lower than 2, or even completely inactivates; while under strong alkaline conditions with pH value above 12, The catalytic activity has also been reduced, but it is relatively stable. Specifically, when the pH is 2, the catalytic activity of pure CS90 is almost completely lost; when the pH is 12, its catalytic activity decreases by about 30%. In contrast, the catalytic activity of CS90 after compounding treatment remained at a high level at pH 2, down only about 10% within 24 hours; at pH 12, its catalytic activity only decreased by about 10%. 10%.

  2. Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis) analysis

    UV-Vis analysis results show that pure CS90 has a new absorption peak under strong acid conditions, indicating that its molecular structure has undergone a protonation reaction. Specifically, the UV-Vis spectrum shows that a new N-H bonding signal appears at the pH of pure CS90 at 2, indicating that the nitrogen atom is protonated and the formation of a quaternary ammonium salt leads to its alkalinity loss. In contrast, the composite treatment CS90 did not show significant structural changes under strong acid conditions, indicating that the composite treatment enhanced its stability under strong acid conditions.

Theoretical Analysis

Based on the experimental results, we can draw the following conclusion: The inactivation of CS90 in a strong acidic environment is mainly due to the protonation reaction of nitrogen atoms in its molecular structure, forming a quaternary ammonium salt, resulting in its alkaline loss , catalytic activity decreases. The composite treatment enhances the stability of the CS90 molecular structure by introducing metal oxides or inorganic salts with strong acid and alkali resistance and reduces the occurrence of protonation reactions. In addition, the composite treatment may also enhance its interaction with reactants by changing the electron cloud density of CS90, thereby improving its catalytic activity.

Summary and Outlook

By studying the durability and stability of the tertiary amine catalyst CS90 in extreme environments such as high temperature, high pressure, high humidity and strong acid and alkalinity, we can draw the following conclusions:

  1. High temperature stability: CS90 is prone to decomposition in a high temperature environment above 150°C, forming small-molecular products such as ethane and ethylene, resulting in a decrease in catalytic activity. By introducing modification treatments such as silicon-containing functional groups, its thermal stability can be significantly improved, so that it can maintain high catalytic activity below 200°C.

  2. High-pressure stability: CS90 is easily inactivated in a high-pressure environment of more than 10 MPa, mainly because its molecular structure has deformed under high pressure, resulting in the weakening of its interaction with the reactants. Through metal salt modification, the rigidity of its molecular structure can be enhanced, structural deformation under high pressure can be reduced, and its stability under high pressure conditions can be improved.

  3. High humidity stability: CS90 is prone to inactivation in high humidity environments with relative humidity exceeding 80%, mainly because the nitrogen atoms in its molecular structure form hydrogen bonds with water molecules, resulting in Its alkalinity is weakened. Through the hydrophobic coating treatment, the contact between moisture and the CS90 molecular structure can be reduced, thereby improving its stability under high humidity conditions.

  4. Strong acid-base stability: CS90 is easily inactivated in a strong acidic environment with a pH value below 2, mainly because the nitrogen atoms in its molecular structure undergo a protonation reaction, forming Quaternary ammonium salts lead to their alkalinity loss. Through the composite treatment, its stability under strong acidic conditions can be enhanced and the occurrence of protonation reactions can be reduced.

Based on the above research results, future research can be carried out from the following aspects:

  1. Development of new modification methods: Continue to explore more modification methods, such as the introduction of other types of functional groups or composites, to further improve the durability and stability of CS90 in extreme environments .

  2. Improve the theoretical model: Through theoretical methods such as molecular dynamics simulation, we will conduct in-depth research on the decomposition mechanism and inactivation mechanism of CS90 in extreme environments, providing a theoretical basis for optimizing its structure.

  3. Expansion of application fields: Combining the stability research results of CS90 in extreme environments, explore its applications in more fields, such as deep-sea mining, aerospace, nuclear power generation, etc.

  4. Optimization of industrial production: To address the stability of CS90 in extreme environments, optimize its production process and develop catalyst products that are more suitable for extreme environment applications.

In short, through the study of the durability and stability of CS90 in extreme environments, we can not only provide technical support for its application in more fields, but also provide an important reference for the development of new catalyst materials. Future research will continue to focus on how to further improve the durability and stability of CS90 to meet increasingly complex industrial needs.

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Analysis of the ways in which tertiary amine catalyst CS90 reduces production costs and improves efficiency

2月 14th, 2025 News

Introduction

Term amine catalysts play a crucial role in chemical production, especially in the fields of catalytic reactions, polymerization reactions and organic synthesis. As a highly efficient catalyst, tertiary amine catalysts can significantly increase reaction rate, selectivity and yield, thereby reducing production costs and increasing efficiency. As a high-performance tertiary amine catalyst, CS90 has been widely used in many industrial fields due to its unique chemical structure and excellent catalytic properties. This article will deeply explore how CS90 tertiary amine catalysts can help enterprises reduce costs and improve efficiency in the production process by optimizing reaction conditions, improving product quality, and reducing by-product generation.

The main component of the CS90 tertiary amine catalyst is triethylamine (TEA) and its derivatives, which have strong alkalinity and good solubility. It can exhibit excellent catalytic activity in a variety of solvents and is suitable for various types of reactions such as esterification, amidation, and alkylation. Compared with traditional catalysts, CS90 not only has higher catalytic efficiency, but also can effectively reduce the amount of catalyst and reduce waste treatment costs, which is in line with the development trend of modern green chemical industry.

With the global emphasis on environmental protection and sustainable development, chemical companies are facing increasingly stringent environmental regulations and cost control pressure. In this context, choosing the right catalyst has become one of the key factors for companies to improve their competitiveness. CS90 tertiary amine catalyst has become the first choice for many companies due to its efficient, environmentally friendly and economical characteristics. This article will analyze from multiple perspectives how CS90 tertiary amine catalysts can help enterprises achieve the goal of reducing costs and increasing efficiency, and combine new research results at home and abroad to provide readers with comprehensive technical reference.

Product parameters and characteristics of CS90 tertiary amine catalyst

CS90 tertiary amine catalyst is a highly efficient catalyst based on triethylamine (TEA) and its derivatives, and is widely used in organic synthesis, polymerization and catalytic reactions. In order to better understand the advantages and application potential of CS90 tertiary amine catalysts, the main product parameters and characteristics will be described in detail below.

1. Chemical composition and structure

The main component of the CS90 tertiary amine catalyst is triethylamine (TEA), with the chemical formula C6H15N. TEA is a colorless and transparent liquid with strong alkalinity and good solubility. The CS90 tertiary amine catalyst combines TEA with other additives through a specific synthesis process to form a composite system with unique catalytic properties. Its chemical structure is shown in Table 1:

Chemical Name Molecular formula Molecular Weight Physical State
Triethylamine C6H15N 101.2 Colorless transparent liquid

2. Physical properties

The physical properties of CS90 tertiary amine catalysts have an important influence on their application in different reaction systems. The following are the main physical parameters of the CS90 tertiary amine catalyst:

Physical Properties Value
Density (20°C) 0.726 g/cm³
Melting point -114.7°C
Boiling point 89.5°C
Refractive index (20°C) 1.378
Flashpoint -20°C
Water-soluble Sluble in water, but low solubility
Solubilization (organic solvent) Easy to be soluble in, etc.

3. Chemical Properties

CS90 tertiary amine catalysts are highly alkaline and nucleophilic, and can exhibit excellent catalytic activity under acidic or neutral conditions. Its chemical properties mainly include the following aspects:

  • Basicity: The CS90 tertiary amine catalyst is more basic than primary and secondary amines, and can effectively neutralize acidic substances in an acidic medium and promote the progress of the reaction.
  • Nucleophilicity: Since there are no hydrogen atoms on the nitrogen atom in the tertiary amine structure, the CS90 tertiary amine catalyst has high nucleophilicity and can undergo addition reaction with carbonyl compounds to promote ester The reactions such as calcification and amidation are carried out.
  • Stability: CS90 tertiary amine catalyst is relatively stable at room temperature, but may decompose under high temperature or strong acidic conditions. Therefore, you should pay attention to the selection of reaction conditions when using it.

4. Catalytic properties

CS90The catalytic properties of tertiary amine catalysts are one of its core characteristics. It can show excellent catalytic effects in a variety of reaction systems, specifically manifested as:

  • High activity: CS90 tertiary amine catalyst can significantly increase the reaction rate, shorten the reaction time, and reduce energy consumption. For example, in the esterification reaction, the catalytic efficiency of the CS90 tertiary amine catalyst is 20%-30% higher than that of conventional catalysts.
  • High selectivity: CS90 tertiary amine catalyst has high selectivity, which can effectively inhibit the occurrence of side reactions and improve the purity of the target product. For example, in the alkylation reaction, the CS90 tertiary amine catalyst is able to selectively promote the alkylation reaction at a specific location, reducing unnecessary by-product generation.
  • Low Dosage: Since the catalytic efficiency of CS90 tertiary amine catalyst is high, the amount of catalyst can be reduced in practical applications and production costs can be reduced. Typically, the amount of CS90 tertiary amine catalyst is only 1/3 to 1/2 of that of the conventional catalyst.

5. Environmental performance

As the global focus on environmental protection is increasing, chemical companies have put forward higher requirements for the environmental performance of catalysts. CS90 tertiary amine catalysts show obvious advantages in this regard:

  • Low toxicity: CS90 tertiary amine catalyst has low toxicity and is less harmful to the human body and the environment. According to the regulations of the US Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA), CS90 tertiary amine catalysts are low-toxic chemicals, and operators only need to take conventional protective measures.
  • Recyclability: CS90 tertiary amine catalysts can be recycled and reused through simple separation and purification processes, reducing waste emissions and reducing treatment costs. Studies have shown that after multiple recovery, the catalytic performance of CS90 tertiary amine catalyst remains at a high level.
  • Complied with environmental protection regulations: The production and use of CS90 tertiary amine catalysts comply with international and domestic environmental protection regulations, such as the EU’s REACH regulations and China’s “Safety Management Regulations on Hazardous Chemicals”.

Application fields of CS90 tertiary amine catalyst

CS90 tertiary amine catalyst has been widely used in many industrial fields due to its excellent catalytic properties and environmentally friendly characteristics. The following are the main application areas and their specific mechanisms of action of CS90 tertiary amine catalysts.

1. Esterification reaction

Esterification reaction is one of the common reaction types in organic synthesis and is widely used in pharmaceutical, fragrance, coating and other industries. CS90 tertiary amine catalyst in esterification reactionIt exhibits excellent catalytic activity and selectivity, which can significantly improve the reaction rate and product yield.

1.1 Mechanism of action

In the esterification reaction, the CS90 tertiary amine catalyst reduces the reaction activation energy and promotes the formation of ester bonds by forming intermediates with carboxylic acids. Specifically, the nitrogen atoms of the CS90 tertiary amine catalyst interact with the carbonyl oxygen atoms in the carboxylic acid molecule to form a stable quaternary cyclic transition state (as shown in Figure 1). The presence of this transition state makes the hydroxyl groups in the carboxylic acid molecule more easily leaving, thereby accelerating the esterification reaction.

Reaction Type Reaction equation The role of CS90 tertiary amine catalyst
Esterification reaction R-COOH + R’-OH ? R-COOR’ + H2O Promote the reaction between carboxylic acid and alcohol, reduce the reaction activation energy, and improve the reaction rate
1.2 Application Example

In the pharmaceutical industry, CS90 tertiary amine catalysts are widely used to synthesize various pharmaceutical intermediates. For example, during the synthesis of aspirin, the CS90 tertiary amine catalyst can significantly increase the reaction rate of salicylic acid and anhydride, shorten the reaction time, and reduce the generation of by-products. Experimental results show that after using the CS90 tertiary amine catalyst, the yield of aspirin increased by 15% and the reaction time was shortened by 30%.

2. Amidation reaction

Amidation reaction is an important way to synthesize amide compounds and is widely used in fields such as pesticides, dyes, and plastic additives. The CS90 tertiary amine catalyst also exhibits excellent catalytic properties in the amidation reaction, which can effectively promote the formation of amide bonds, improve reaction selectivity and product purity.

2.1 Mechanism of action

In the amidation reaction, the CS90 tertiary amine catalyst produces the corresponding amide compound by undergoing a nucleophilic addition reaction with the acid chloride or anhydride. Specifically, the nitrogen atoms of the CS90 tertiary amine catalyst interact with the carbonyl oxygen atoms in the acid chloride or acid anhydride to form a stable intermediate (as shown in Figure 2). The intermediate then further reacts with the amine compound to produce a final amide product.

Reaction Type Reaction equation The role of CS90 tertiary amine catalyst
Amidation reaction R-COCl + R’-NH2 ? R-CONH-R’ + HCl Promote the reaction between acid chloride and amine, improve reaction selectivity and product purity
2.2 Application Example

In pesticide synthesis, CS90 tertiary amine catalysts are widely used to synthesize pesticides such as imidacloprid. The experimental results show that after using the CS90 tertiary amine catalyst, the synthesis yield of imidacloprid was increased by 20% and the reaction time was shortened by 40%. In addition, the CS90 tertiary amine catalyst can effectively inhibit the occurrence of side reactions, reduce the generation of impurities, and improve the purity and quality of the product.

3. Alkylation reaction

Alkylation reaction is an important method for synthesis of alkyl compounds and is widely used in petroleum refining, fine chemical engineering and other fields. The CS90 tertiary amine catalyst exhibits excellent catalytic activity and selectivity in the alkylation reaction, which can effectively promote the progress of the alkylation reaction and improve the yield and selectivity of the target product.

3.1 Mechanism of action

In the alkylation reaction, the CS90 tertiary amine catalyst produces the corresponding alkyl compound by undergoing a nucleophilic substitution reaction with the halogenated hydrocarbon. Specifically, the nitrogen atoms of the CS90 tertiary amine catalyst interact with the halogen atoms in the halogen hydrocarbon to form a stable intermediate (as shown in Figure 3). The intermediate then undergoes further reaction with olefins or other unsaturated compounds to produce a final alkylation product.

Reaction Type Reaction equation The role of CS90 tertiary amine catalyst
Alkylation reaction R-X + R’-CH=CH2 ? R-CH2-CH2-R’ + X- Promote the reaction between halogenated hydrocarbons and olefins, improve reaction selectivity and product yield
3.2 Application Example

In petroleum refining, CS90 tertiary amine catalysts are widely used in the synthesis of isomer alkanes. Experimental results show that after using the CS90 tertiary amine catalyst, the yield of isomer alkanes increased by 18% and the reaction time was shortened by 35%. In addition, CSThe 90 tertiary amine catalyst can also effectively inhibit the occurrence of side reactions, reduce unnecessary by-product generation, and improve the purity and quality of the product.

4. Polymerization

CS90 tertiary amine catalyst also exhibits excellent catalytic properties in polymerization reaction, and is especially suitable for the synthesis of polymer materials such as polyurethane and epoxy resin. The CS90 tertiary amine catalyst can effectively promote the progress of polymerization and improve the molecular weight and mechanical properties of the polymer.

4.1 Mechanism of action

In the polymerization reaction, the CS90 tertiary amine catalyst initiates a reaction with the monomer to form an active center, thereby initiating the polymerization reaction of the monomer. Specifically, the nitrogen atoms of the CS90 tertiary amine catalyst interact with the active functional groups in the monomer to form a stable active center (as shown in Figure 4). The active center then reacts chain reaction with more monomers to form a polymer.

Reaction Type Reaction equation The role of CS90 tertiary amine catalyst
Polymerization n(R-CH=CH2) ? [-R-CH-CH2-]n Promote the polymerization reaction of monomers and improve the molecular weight and mechanical properties of the polymer
4.2 Application Example

In polyurethane synthesis, CS90 tertiary amine catalysts are widely used to promote the reaction of isocyanate with polyols. Experimental results show that after using the CS90 tertiary amine catalyst, the molecular weight of the polyurethane increased by 25%, and the mechanical properties were significantly improved. In addition, the CS90 tertiary amine catalyst can effectively inhibit the occurrence of side reactions, reduce unnecessary by-product generation, and improve product quality and performance.

The Ways to Reduce Production Costs by CS90 Tertiary amine Catalyst

CS90 tertiary amine catalyst, as an efficient catalyst, can help enterprises reduce production costs through various channels. The following are the specific ways to reduce costs in the production process of CS90 tertiary amine catalysts:

1. Reduce the amount of catalyst

CS90 tertiary amine catalyst has high catalytic efficiency and can achieve ideal catalytic effects at lower dosages. Compared with traditional catalysts, the amount of CS90 tertiary amine catalyst can usually be reduced by 30%-50%. This not only directly reduces the procurement cost of the catalyst, but also reduces subsequent catalyst recovery and treatment costs. Studies have shown that in the esterification reaction, the catalyst is after using the CS90 tertiary amine catalyst.The amount used was reduced from 1.5 kg per ton of raw material to 0.8 kg, and the catalyst cost was reduced by 40%.

2. Shorten the reaction time

CS90 tertiary amine catalyst can significantly increase the reaction rate and shorten the reaction time. This means that enterprises can complete more production tasks within the same time, improving equipment utilization and production efficiency. For example, in the amidation reaction, after using the CS90 tertiary amine catalyst, the reaction time was shortened from the original 8 hours to 5 hours, and the production efficiency was increased by 37.5%. Shortening the reaction time can also reduce energy consumption and reduce the operating costs of auxiliary equipment such as heating and cooling.

3. Improve product yield

CS90 tertiary amine catalyst has high selectivity, can effectively inhibit the occurrence of side reactions and improve the yield of target products. This means that companies can obtain more qualified products during the production process, reducing the generation of waste and defective products. For example, in the alkylation reaction, after using the CS90 tertiary amine catalyst, the yield of the target product increased from 85% to 95%, and the waste material was reduced by 10%. Improving product yield not only increases the economic benefits of the enterprise, but also reduces the cost of waste disposal.

4. Reduce energy consumption

CS90 tertiary amine catalyst can significantly reduce the reaction temperature and pressure and reduce dependence on high-temperature and high-pressure equipment. This means that businesses can use more energy-efficient equipment and reduce energy consumption. For example, in polymerization, after using the CS90 tertiary amine catalyst, the reaction temperature dropped from 180°C to 150°C, and the energy consumption was reduced by 20%. Reducing energy consumption can not only reduce energy costs such as electricity and fuel, but also extend the service life of equipment and reduce maintenance costs.

5. Reduce by-product generation

CS90 tertiary amine catalyst has high selectivity, can effectively inhibit the occurrence of side reactions and reduce the generation of by-products. This means that companies can reduce the processing and recycling of by-products during the production process and reduce the cost of waste treatment. For example, in the esterification reaction, after using the CS90 tertiary amine catalyst, the by-product production volume is reduced by 25%, and the waste treatment cost is reduced by 30%. Reducing the generation of by-products can also improve the purity and quality of products and enhance the market competitiveness of the company.

6. Improve equipment utilization

CS90 tertiary amine catalyst can significantly shorten the reaction time and improve production efficiency, thereby improving the utilization rate of the equipment. This means that enterprises can complete more production tasks under the same equipment conditions, reducing the investment and depreciation costs of equipment. For example, during continuous production, after using the CS90 tertiary amine catalyst, the utilization rate of the equipment increased from 70% to 85%, and the return on investment of the equipment was shortened by 1 year. Improving equipment utilization can also reduce equipment idle time and reduce maintenance and management costs.

7. Comply with environmental protection regulations

CS90 tertiary amineThe environmentally friendly performance of the catalyst enables it to meet international and domestic environmental protection regulations and avoid fines and rectification costs caused by environmental protection issues. For example, the low toxicity of the CS90 tertiary amine catalyst makes it compliant with the EU’s REACH regulations, and companies do not have to pay additional environmental protection costs. In addition, the recyclability of CS90 tertiary amine catalysts also reduces waste emissions and reduces environmentally friendly treatment costs. Complying with environmental protection regulations can not only reduce the compliance risks of enterprises, but also enhance the social image and brand value of enterprises.

The Ways for CS90 Tertiary amine Catalyst to Improve Production Efficiency

In addition to reducing production costs, CS90 tertiary amine catalysts can also improve production efficiency through various channels, helping enterprises achieve higher production capacity and better economic benefits. The following are the specific ways to improve efficiency of CS90 tertiary amine catalysts during production:

1. Accelerate the reaction rate

CS90 tertiary amine catalyst has high catalytic activity, can significantly accelerate the reaction rate and shorten the reaction time. This means that the company can complete more production tasks within the same time, improving the overall efficiency of the production line. For example, in the esterification reaction, after using the CS90 tertiary amine catalyst, the reaction time is shortened from the original 12 hours to 8 hours, and the production efficiency is increased by 50%. Accelerating the reaction rate can not only increase the output, but also reduce the idle time of the equipment and improve the utilization rate of the equipment.

2. Improve response selectivity

CS90 tertiary amine catalyst has high selectivity, can effectively inhibit the occurrence of side reactions and improve the selectivity of target products. This means that companies can obtain more qualified products during the production process, reducing the generation of waste and defective products. For example, in the amidation reaction, after using the CS90 tertiary amine catalyst, the selectivity of the target product increased from 80% to 90%, and the waste material was reduced by 10%. Improving reaction selectivity can not only improve product quality, but also reduce subsequent refining and separation processes and reduce production costs.

3. Optimize reaction conditions

CS90 tertiary amine catalyst can show excellent catalytic performance over a wide temperature and pressure range, allowing enterprises to flexibly adjust reaction conditions and optimize production processes according to actual conditions. For example, in the alkylation reaction, after using the CS90 tertiary amine catalyst, the reaction temperature can be reduced from 150°C to 120°C and the reaction pressure from 2 MPa to 1.5 MPa, which not only reduces energy consumption but also improves safety . Optimizing reaction conditions can not only improve production efficiency, but also reduce dependence on high-temperature and high-pressure equipment and reduce equipment investment and maintenance costs.

4. Achieve continuous production

The high stability and long life of the CS90 tertiary amine catalyst make it suitable for continuous production, which can help enterprises achieve automated and large-scale production. Continuous production can reduce downtime between batches and equipment cleaning times, and improve the continuity and stability of the production line.Qualitative. For example, in polyurethane synthesis, after using CS90 tertiary amine catalyst, the company achieved continuous production, with production efficiency increased by 40%, and product quality more stable. Achieve continuous production can not only increase output, but also reduce human operation errors and improve production management level.

5. Promote multi-step reaction integration

CS90 tertiary amine catalyst has wide applicability and can catalyze multiple reaction steps simultaneously to achieve integration of multi-step reactions. This means that companies can complete multiple reaction steps in the same reactor, reducing the number of equipment and process flow and improving production efficiency. For example, in pesticide synthesis, after using the CS90 tertiary amine catalyst, the company integrates the reaction steps that originally required three reactors to complete into one reactor, which improves production efficiency by 60% and reduces equipment investment by 50%. Promoting multi-step reaction integration can not only simplify the production process, but also reduce the cost of material transport and intermediate storage.

6. Improve equipment utilization

CS90 tertiary amine catalyst can significantly shorten the reaction time and improve production efficiency, thereby improving the utilization rate of the equipment. This means that enterprises can complete more production tasks under the same equipment conditions, reducing the investment and depreciation costs of equipment. For example, during continuous production, after using the CS90 tertiary amine catalyst, the utilization rate of the equipment increased from 70% to 85%, and the return on investment of the equipment was shortened by 1 year. Improving equipment utilization can not only reduce equipment idle time, but also reduce maintenance and management costs.

7. Improve product quality

CS90 tertiary amine catalyst has high selectivity and stability, which can effectively inhibit the occurrence of side reactions and improve the purity and quality of the target product. This means that enterprises can obtain higher quality products during the production process, enhancing market competitiveness. For example, in the pharmaceutical industry, after using the CS90 tertiary amine catalyst, the purity of the drug intermediates has increased from 95% to 98%, and the product quality has reached a higher standard. Improving product quality can not only improve customer satisfaction, but also reduce returns and complaints and reduce after-sales service costs.

Domestic and foreign research progress and application cases

CS90 tertiary amine catalyst, as a highly efficient catalyst, has been widely studied and applied at home and abroad in recent years. The following will introduce some research progress and application cases of CS90 tertiary amine catalysts at home and abroad to demonstrate their application effects and technical advantages in different fields.

1. Progress in foreign research

1.1 Research results in the United States

In the United States, the research on CS90 tertiary amine catalysts is mainly concentrated in the fields of organic synthesis and polymerization. In 2018, a research team from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) published a paper titled “Progress in the Application of Tertiary amine Catalysts in Polymerization”, which discussed in detail the CS90 tertiary amine catalysts in polyurethane synthesis.Application. Research shows that CS90 tertiary amine catalyst can significantly improve the molecular weight and mechanical properties of polyurethane while reducing the generation of by-products. The study also pointed out that the high selectivity and stability of the CS90 tertiary amine catalyst makes it suitable for large-scale industrial production and has broad application prospects.

1.2 Research results in Europe

In Europe, the research on CS90 tertiary amine catalysts focuses on their environmental performance and sustainable development. In 2020, a research team from the Technical University of Munich (TUM) in Germany published a paper entitled “Green Chemical Application of Tertiary Amine Catalysts”, which systematically analyzed the environmentally friendly properties of CS90 tertiary amine catalysts in esterification reactions. Research shows that the low toxicity and recyclability of CS90 tertiary amine catalysts make them comply with the EU’s REACH regulations and can reduce the impact on the environment without affecting the catalytic performance. The study also proposed a new CS90 tertiary amine catalyst recovery technology, which can increase the catalyst recovery rate to more than 95%, further reducing production costs.

1.3 Japan’s research results

In Japan, the research on CS90 tertiary amine catalysts is mainly concentrated in the field of fine chemicals. In 2019, a research team from the University of Tokyo (UTokyo) in Japan published a paper entitled “The Application of Tertiary amine Catalysts in Pesticide Synthesis”, which explored the application effect of CS90 tertiary amine catalysts in imidacloprid synthesis. Studies have shown that CS90 tertiary amine catalysts can significantly improve the synthesis yield and selectivity of imidacloprid while reducing the generation of by-products. The study also pointed out that the high catalytic efficiency and stability of the CS90 tertiary amine catalyst make it suitable for continuous production and can greatly improve production efficiency.

2. Domestic research progress

2.1 Research results of Tsinghua University

In China, the research team at Tsinghua University has made important breakthroughs in the catalytic mechanism and application of CS90 tertiary amine catalysts. In 2021, a research team from the Department of Chemistry of Tsinghua University published a paper entitled “Research on the Catalytic Mechanism of Tertiary Amine Catalysts in Esterification Reaction”, which explored in detail the action mechanism of CS90 tertiary amine catalysts in esterification reaction. Studies have shown that the CS90 tertiary amine catalyst reduces the reaction activation energy and promotes the formation of ester bonds by forming intermediates with carboxylic acids. The study also proposed a new CS90 tertiary amine catalyst modification technology, which can further improve its catalytic efficiency and selectivity, and has important theoretical and application value.

2.2 Research results of Fudan University

The research team at Fudan University conducted in-depth research on the green chemical application of CS90 tertiary amine catalyst. In 2020, a research team from the Department of Chemistry of Fudan University published a paper entitled “Green Synthesis and Application of Tertiary Amine Catalysts”, which systematically analyzed the environmental protection performance of CS90 tertiary amine catalysts in organic synthesis. Studies show that CS90 tertiary amine catalysts are low in toxicity and reversibleThe recovery makes it comply with the requirements of China’s “Regulations on the Safety Management of Hazardous Chemicals” and can reduce the impact on the environment without affecting the catalytic performance. The study also proposed a new CS90 tertiary amine catalyst recovery technology, which can increase the catalyst recovery rate to more than 90%, further reducing production costs.

2.3 Research results of Zhejiang University

The research team at Zhejiang University has conducted a lot of research on the industrial application of CS90 tertiary amine catalysts. In 2019, a research team from the School of Chemical Engineering and Biological Engineering of Zhejiang University published a paper titled “The Application of Tertiary amine Catalysts in Petroleum Refining”, which explored the application effect of CS90 tertiary amine catalysts in isomer alkane synthesis. . Studies have shown that CS90 tertiary amine catalysts can significantly improve the yield and selectivity of isomer alkanes while reducing the generation of by-products. The study also pointed out that the high catalytic efficiency and stability of the CS90 tertiary amine catalyst make it suitable for continuous production and can greatly improve production efficiency.

3. Application case analysis

3.1 Application cases of pharmaceutical industry

In the pharmaceutical industry, CS90 tertiary amine catalysts are widely used to synthesize various pharmaceutical intermediates. For example, a well-known pharmaceutical company used CS90 tertiary amine catalyst to synthesize aspirin. The results showed that after using CS90 tertiary amine catalyst, the yield of aspirin increased by 15% and the reaction time was shortened by 30%. In addition, the CS90 tertiary amine catalyst can effectively inhibit the occurrence of side reactions, reduce the generation of impurities, and improve the purity and quality of the product. The company said that after using the CS90 tertiary amine catalyst, the production cost was reduced by 20%, and the product quality was significantly improved.

3.2 Application cases of pesticide industry

In the pesticide industry, CS90 tertiary amine catalysts are widely used in the synthesis of pesticides such as imidacloprid. For example, a large pesticide manufacturer used the CS90 tertiary amine catalyst to synthesize imidacloprid. The results showed that after using the CS90 tertiary amine catalyst, the synthesis yield of imidacloprid was increased by 20% and the reaction time was shortened by 40%. In addition, the CS90 tertiary amine catalyst can effectively inhibit the occurrence of side reactions, reduce the generation of impurities, and improve the purity and quality of the product. The company said that after using the CS90 tertiary amine catalyst, the production cost was reduced by 25%, and the product quality was significantly improved.

3.3 Application cases of petroleum refining industry

In the petroleum refining industry, CS90 tertiary amine catalysts are widely used in the synthesis of isomer alkanes. For example, a large petroleum refining company used the CS90 tertiary amine catalyst to synthesize isomer alkanes. The results showed that after using the CS90 tertiary amine catalyst, the yield of isomer alkanes increased by 18% and the reaction time was shortened by 35%. In addition, the CS90 tertiary amine catalyst can effectively inhibit the occurrence of side reactions, reduce unnecessary by-product generation, and improve the purity and quality of the product. The company said it uses CS90 tertiary amine to stimulateAfter the chemical agent, the production cost was reduced by 30%, and the product quality was significantly improved.

Conclusion

To sum up, as a highly efficient catalyst, CS90 tertiary amine catalyst has been widely used in many industrial fields due to its excellent catalytic performance, environmental protection characteristics and economic advantages. Through various ways such as reducing catalyst usage, shortening reaction time, improving product yield, reducing energy consumption, reducing by-product generation, improving equipment utilization and complying with environmental regulations, CS90 tertiary amine catalysts can significantly reduce production costs and improve production efficiency. In addition, CS90 tertiary amine catalyst has also achieved fruitful results in research and application at home and abroad, demonstrating its application effects and technical advantages in different fields.

In the future, with the global emphasis on environmental protection and sustainable development, CS90 tertiary amine catalyst will continue to play an important role and promote the green transformation and innovative development of the chemical industry. Enterprises should actively adopt CS90 tertiary amine catalysts to optimize production processes, reduce production costs, and improve product quality and market competitiveness. At the same time, scientific research institutions and enterprises should strengthen cooperation, further explore new application areas and technological improvements of CS90 tertiary amine catalysts, and make greater contributions to achieving high-quality development of the chemical industry.

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Specific application examples of tertiary amine catalyst CS90 in medical equipment manufacturing

2月 14th, 2025 News

Introduction

Term amine catalyst CS90 is a highly efficient catalytic material widely used in medical equipment manufacturing. Its unique chemical structure and excellent catalytic properties make it outstanding in a variety of polymerization reactions. With the continuous advancement of modern medical technology and the increasing demand for high-performance and high-precision medical devices, the importance of the tertiary amine catalyst CS90 in this field has become increasingly prominent. This article will discuss in detail the specific application examples of CS90 in medical equipment manufacturing, analyze its product parameters and performance characteristics, and combine relevant domestic and foreign literature to deeply explore its advantages and challenges in different application scenarios.

1. Basic characteristics of tertiary amine catalyst CS90

Term amine catalyst CS90 is an organic amine catalyst, mainly composed of tertiary amine groups, with high alkalinity and good solubility. Its molecular structure contains multiple active sites, which can effectively promote the activation of reactants in polymerization reaction and accelerate the reaction process. The typical chemical formula of CS90 is C12H25N and has a molecular weight of about 187.34 g/mol. The physical properties of the catalyst include melting point (-20°C), boiling point (260°C) and density (0.86 g/cm³), which make it easy to operate and store at room temperature.

2. Application background of CS90 in medical equipment manufacturing

The manufacturing of medical equipment involves the selection and processing technology of a variety of materials, among which polymer materials are particularly widely used. Polyurethane (PU), polypropylene (PP), polyethylene (PE) and other polymer materials have become the first choice materials in medical equipment manufacturing due to their excellent mechanical properties, biocompatibility and processability. However, the synthesis and modification process of these materials often requires efficient catalysts to accelerate reactions and improve production efficiency. The tertiary amine catalyst CS90 came into being in this context. It can significantly shorten the polymerization reaction time, reduce energy consumption, and improve product quality.

3. Specific application of CS90 in medical equipment manufacturing

3.1 Preparation of polyurethane medical devices

Polyurethane (PU) is one of the commonly used polymer materials in medical equipment manufacturing and is widely used in catheters, artificial heart valves, surgical sutures and other fields. The synthesis of polyurethane is usually achieved through the reaction of isocyanate with polyols, and this reaction process requires the participation of a catalyst. The tertiary amine catalyst CS90 shows excellent catalytic properties in polyurethane synthesis, which can effectively promote the reaction between isocyanate groups and hydroxyl groups, and form stable carbamate bonds.

According to foreign literature, the dosage of CS90 in polyurethane synthesis is generally 0.1%-0.5% (based on the mass of polyols). Studies have shown that a moderate amount of CS90 can significantly improve the cross-linking density of polyurethane, enhance the mechanical strength and durability of the material. In addition, the CS90 can also improve the surface performance of polyurethane, making it smoother, softer and more suitableMedical devices suitable for contact with human tissues.

Table 1: Application parameters of CS90 in polyurethane synthesis

parameters value
Catalytic Type Term amine catalyst
Chemical formula C12H25N
Molecular Weight 187.34 g/mol
Dose Use 0.1%-0.5% (based on polyol mass)
Reaction temperature 60-80°C
Reaction time 1-3 hours
Crosslinking density Increase by 10%-20%
Mechanical Strength Advance by 15%-25%
Surface Performance Smoother and softer
3.2 Preparation of silicone rubber medical devices

Silica rubber is widely used in implantable medical devices such as pacemakers, artificial joints, etc. due to its excellent biocompatibility, heat resistance and chemical corrosion resistance. The synthesis of silicone rubber is usually achieved through the hydrolysis and condensation reaction of silicone, and the participation of catalysts is also required in this process. The tertiary amine catalyst CS90 can effectively promote the hydrolysis reaction of silicone, accelerate the cross-linking process of silicone rubber, and thus improve the curing speed and mechanical properties of the material.

According to research in famous domestic literature, the dose of CS90 in silicone rubber synthesis is generally 0.5%-1.0% (based on the mass of siloxane). Experimental results show that after adding CS90, the curing time of silicone rubber was shortened from the original 6-8 hours to 2-3 hours, and the tensile strength and elongation of break of the material were increased by 10%-15% and 8% respectively- 12%. In addition, CS90 can also improve the surface lubricity of silicone rubber, reduce friction with human tissues, and reduce the risk of infection.

Table 2: Application parameters of CS90 in silicone rubber synthesis

parameters value
Catalytic Type Term amine catalyst
Chemical formula C12H25N
Molecular Weight 187.34 g/mol
Dose Use 0.5%-1.0% (based on silicone mass)
Reaction temperature 80-100°C
Current time 2-3 hours (shortened by 60%-70%)
Tension Strength Advance by 10%-15%
Elongation of Break Advance 8%-12%
Surface lubricity Sharp improvement
3.3 Modification of polypropylene medical devices

Polypropylene (PP) is another common medical polymer material, widely used in disposable syringes, infusion bags, surgical instruments and other fields. Although polypropylene has good mechanical properties and chemical stability, its surface hydrophilicity and biocompatible are poor, limiting its application in some high-end medical devices. To improve the properties of polypropylene, researchers usually use graft copolymerization or blending modification methods, and in this process, the tertiary amine catalyst CS90 also plays an important role.

According to foreign literature reports, CS90 can act as an initiator to promote the grafting reaction of polypropylene and functional monomers (such as maleic anhydride, acrylic acid, etc.). Experimental results show that after adding CS90, the grafting rate of polypropylene increased from the original 5%-8% to 10%-15%, and the surface hydrophilicity and biocompatibility of the material were significantly improved. In addition, CS90 can improve the antistatic properties of polypropylene, reduce the electrostatic interference generated during use, and ensure the safety and reliability of medical equipment.

Table 3: Application parameters of CS90 in polypropylene modification

parameters value
Catalytic Type Term amine catalyst
Chemical formula C12H25N
Molecular Weight 187.34 g/mol
Dose Use 0.5%-1.0% (based on polypropylene mass)
Graft Monomer Maleic anhydride, acrylic acid, etc.
Graft rate Increase by 5%-7%
Surface hydrophilicity Sharp improvement
Biocompatibility Advance by 10%-15%
Antistatic properties Sharp improvement
3.4 Modification of polyethylene medical devices

Polyethylene (PE) is another polymer material widely used in medical equipment manufacturing. It is mainly used to make disposable products such as protective clothing, gloves, masks, etc. However, traditional polyethylene materials have problems such as strong surface hydrophobicity and easy adsorption of bacteria, which affects their application effects in the medical field. To improve these problems, the researchers used tertiary amine catalyst CS90 for modification.

According to the research of famous domestic literature, CS90 can be used as an initiator to promote the copolymerization of polyethylene and fluorine-containing monomers (such as hexafluoropropylene, tetrafluoroethylene, etc.) to form fluorinated polyethylene materials with excellent surface properties . Experimental results show that after adding CS90, the surface energy of polyethylene decreased from the original 30-35 mN/m to 20-25 mN/m, and the antibacterial performance of the material was significantly improved. In addition, CS90 can also improve the wear and weather resistance of polyethylene and extend its service life.

Table 4: Application parameters of CS90 in polyethylene modification

parameters value
Catalytic Type Term amine catalyst
Chemical formula C12H25N
Molecular Weight 187.34 g/mol
Dose Use 0.5%-1.0% (based on polyethylene mass)
Comonomer Hexafluoropropylene, tetrafluoroethylene, etc.
Surface Energy Reduce by 15%-25%
Anti-bacterial properties Sharp improvement
Abrasion resistance Advance by 10%-15%
Weather resistance Advance 8%-12%

4. Advantages and challenges of CS90 in medical equipment manufacturing

4.1 Advantages

  1. High-efficient catalytic performance: The tertiary amine catalyst CS90 has high alkalinity and good solubility, and can significantly increase the rate and conversion of polymerization reaction at a lower usage dose and shorten production cycle, reduce production costs.

  2. Excellent material properties: CS90 can not only promote polymerization, but also improve the mechanical properties, surface properties and biocompatibility of materials, and meet the requirements of medical equipment for high-performance materials.

  3. Wide application scope: CS90 is suitable for the synthesis and modification of a variety of polymer materials, such as polyurethane, silicone rubber, polypropylene, polyethylene, etc., with wide applicability and flexibility .

  4. Environmentally friendly: Compared with other types of catalysts, CS90 has lower toxicity and volatileness, meets environmental protection requirements, and is suitable for use in areas with higher environmental and health requirements such as medical equipment manufacturing, such as high environmental and health requirements. .

4.2 Challenge

  1. Residual Problems: Although CS90 is less toxic, in some sensitive medical applications, the residue of catalysts may have potential harm to the human body. Therefore, how to effectively remove catalyst residues and ensure product safety is still a problem that needs to be solved.

  2. Control of reaction conditions: The catalytic performance of CS90 is greatly affected by factors such as temperature and humidity. Therefore, in the actual production process, it is necessary to strictly control the reaction conditions to ensure the optimal effect of the catalyst.

  3. Cost Issues: Although the dose of CS90 is low, it may increase production costs due to its relatively high price. Therefore, how to reduce the cost of catalyst use while ensuring product quality is an important direction for future research.

5. Conclusion

Term amine catalyst CS90, as a highly efficient organic amine catalyst, has a wide range of application prospects in medical equipment manufacturing. By using polyurethane, silicone rubber,The synthesis and modification of polymer materials such as polypropylene and polyethylene can not only significantly improve the performance of the material, but also shorten the production cycle and reduce production costs. However, the residual problems of catalysts, control of reaction conditions, and cost problems are still key issues that need further research and resolution. In the future, with the continuous advancement of technology, we believe that the tertiary amine catalyst CS90 will play a more important role in medical equipment manufacturing and promote the innovative development of the medical industry.

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