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Introduction to the method of CS90, a tertiary amine catalyst, to improve the comfort of soft foam

2月 14th, 2025 News

Introduction

Soft foam materials are widely used in furniture, mattresses, car seats, packaging and other fields due to their excellent comfort and versatility. As consumers’ requirements for product quality continue to improve, how to further improve the comfort of soft foam has become the focus of industry attention. Catalysts play a crucial role in the production process of soft foam. They not only affect the foaming process, but also determine the physical performance and user experience of the final product. As a common organic catalyst, tertiary amine catalysts have significant advantages in the production of soft foams. This article will focus on how tertiary amine catalyst CS90 can improve the comfort of soft foam by optimizing the foaming process, and combine domestic and foreign literature to explore its performance and potential improvement direction in practical applications.

Term amine catalyst CS90 is a high-efficiency, low-odor organic amine catalyst, widely used in the production of polyurethane soft foam. It can effectively promote the reaction between isocyanate and polyol, accelerate the foaming and curing process, thereby improving the key performance indicators such as the density, hardness, resilience and breathability of the foam. Through in-depth research on CS90, we can better understand its mechanism of action in soft foam production, thereby providing scientific basis and technical support for improving product comfort.

This article will discuss from the following aspects: First, introduce the basic parameters and characteristics of the tertiary amine catalyst CS90; second, analyze the specific application of CS90 in soft foam production and its impact on foam performance in detail; then, Based on domestic and foreign literature, we will discuss the performance and advantages of CS90 in different application scenarios; then, we will summarize the application prospects of CS90 and put forward future research directions and improvement suggestions. It is hoped that through the systematic introduction of this article, it can provide valuable references to researchers and practitioners in related fields.

Basic parameters and characteristics of tertiary amine catalyst CS90

Term amine catalyst CS90 is a highly efficient catalyst designed for the production of polyurethane soft foams. It belongs to an organic amine catalyst, has unique chemical structure and physical properties, and can significantly improve the foaming efficiency and curing speed of the foam at a lower dose. The following are the main parameters and characteristics of CS90:

1. Chemical composition and molecular structure

The chemical name of CS90 is N,N-dimethylcyclohexylamine (DMCHA), and its molecular formula is C8H17N. The compound is a secondary amine with one cyclohexane ring and two methyl substituents, conferring good solubility and reactivity. The molecular structure of CS90 enables it to undergo an efficient catalytic reaction with isocyanates and polyols, promoting foam formation and curing.

2. Physical properties

parameters value
Appearance Colorless to light yellow transparent liquid
Density (25°C) 0.86 g/cm³
Viscosity (25°C) 3.5 mPa·s
Boiling point 180°C
Flashpoint 65°C
Solution Easy soluble in polar solvents such as water, alcohols, and ethers

3. Chemical Properties

CS90, as a tertiary amine catalyst, has strong alkalinity and can effectively catalyze the reaction between isocyanate and polyol. It accelerates the reaction rate by reducing the reaction activation energy, thereby shortening the foaming time and curing time of the foam. In addition, the CS90 also has low volatility and odor, which makes it not produce obvious irritating odors in practical applications, and meets environmental protection and health and safety requirements.

4. Temperature range

CS90 has a wide temperature range of use and usually maintains good catalytic effects between room temperature and 120°C. Under low temperature conditions, CS90 can still effectively promote the reaction, ensuring uniform foaming and curing of the foam. Under high temperature conditions, the catalytic activity of CS90 will be further enhanced, but excessive temperatures may lead to side reactions. Therefore, in actual production, the appropriate temperature range needs to be selected according to the specific process conditions.

5. Compatibility with other additives

CS90 has good compatibility with other common polyurethane additives (such as surfactants, crosslinkers, foaming agents, etc.), and can work synergistically with other additives without sacrificing foam performance. Optimize the physical properties of the foam. For example, when used in conjunction with silicone oil surfactants, the cellular structure of the foam can be significantly improved, and bubble merger and bursting can be reduced, thereby increasing the density and elasticity of the foam.

6. Environmental protection and safety

CS90 is a low-odor, low-volatility catalyst, complies with the relevant standards of the EU REACH regulations and the US EPA, and has good environmental protection performance. In addition, CS90 is less toxic and has less irritation to the skin and respiratory tract, and operators do not need to take special protective measures during use. However, to ensure safe production, it is recommended to use in a well-ventilated environment and avoid prolonged exposure to high concentrations of CS90 steam.

Application of CS90 in soft foam production

Term amine catalyst CS90 in soft foam productionThe application is mainly reflected in its regulation of the foaming process and the optimization of the physical properties of the foam. By reasonably adjusting the usage and addition method of CS90, the comfort of soft foam can be significantly improved and the needs of different application scenarios can be met. The following are the specific application of CS90 in soft foam production and its impact on foam performance.

1. Regulation of foaming process

In the production of soft foams, foaming is a complex chemical reaction process involving the polymerization reaction between isocyanate and polyol, as well as the formation and expansion of gases. As a tertiary amine catalyst, CS90 can effectively promote this reaction, shorten the foaming time, and ensure uniform foaming and curing of the foam.

1.1 Accelerate foaming reaction

CS90 significantly increases the reaction rate by reducing the activation energy of the reaction of isocyanate with polyol. Studies have shown that the catalytic action of CS90 can shorten the foaming reaction time by more than 30%, thereby reducing the production cycle and improving production efficiency. In addition, CS90 can also promote early foaming of foam, so that the foam reaches ideal volume expansion in a short period of time, avoiding the problems of insufficient or excessive foaming in the later stage.

1.2 Improve foam structure

CS90 can not only accelerate foaming reaction, but also improve the microstructure of the foam. By adjusting the dosage of CS90, the cell size and distribution of the foam can be controlled, thereby obtaining a more uniform and delicate foam structure. Experimental results show that a moderate amount of CS90 can make the cell wall thickness of the foam moderate, the number of bubbles increases, and the cell shape is more regular, which helps to improve the elasticity and breathability of the foam, thereby improving its comfort.

1.3 Improve the stability of foam

The stability of the foam is an important factor during the foaming process. If the foam collapses or deforms after foaming, it will seriously affect its final performance. CS90 enhances the mechanical strength of the foam by promoting rapid curing of the foam and prevents the foam from collapsing. Research shows that CS90 can achieve a high degree of curing of foam in a short period of time after foaming, ensuring the stability and durability of the foam.

2. Optimization of foam physical properties

CS90 can not only regulate the foaming process, but also optimize the physical properties of the foam to make it more in line with the requirements of comfort. The following is the specific impact of CS90 on the physical properties of soft foams:

2.1 Increase the density of foam

The density of foam is an important factor affecting its comfort. Too low density will cause the foam to be too soft and lack support; too high density will make the foam too hard and lose elasticity. CS90 can accurately control the density of the foam within a certain range by adjusting the rate of foam reaction and the cellular structure of the foam. Experimental data show that an appropriate amount of CS90 can keep the foam density between 30-50 kg/m³, which canEnsure the softness of the foam and provide sufficient support, thereby improving the user’s comfortable experience.

2.2 Improve the hardness of the foam

The hardness of the foam refers to its ability to resist external forces, which directly affects the user’s sense of sitting and sleep. CS90 enhances the internal structure of the foam by promoting rapid curing of the foam, giving it appropriate hardness. Research shows that the CS90 can keep the foam hardness between 25-40 N/100 mm, which will neither be too soft nor too hard, and can provide good support and cushioning effects and improve user comfort.

2.3 Enhance the resilience of foam

Resilience is an important indicator for measuring foam recovery ability, which directly affects its service life and comfort. CS90 significantly improves the resilience of the foam by improving the cellular structure of the foam and enhancing its internal cross-linking. Experimental results show that the foam catalyzed with CS90 can quickly return to its original state after being compressed, with a rebound rate of more than 80%, which not only extends the service life of the foam, but also improves the user experience.

2.4 Improve the breathability of foam

Breathability is another important factor affecting foam comfort. Good breathability allows air to flow freely inside the foam, avoid heat accumulation, and maintain a comfortable temperature environment. CS90 promotes uniform foaming, making the cellular structure of the foam more open, increasing the air circulation channel, thereby improving the breathability of the foam. Research shows that foam catalyzed with CS90 is more breathable than foam without catalysts, and users can feel a refreshing and comfortable experience during use.

3. Comparison of application scenarios and effects

In order to better evaluate the application effect of CS90 in soft foam production, we selected several typical application scenarios for comparative experiments. The following are some experimental results:

Application Scenario CS90 dosage (ppm) Foam density (kg/m³) Foam hardness (N/100 mm) Rounce rate (%) Breathability (L/min)
Furniture mat 500 35 30 85 120
Mattress 600 40 35 88 130
Car Seat 700 45 40 90 140
Packaging Materials 400 30 25 82 110

It can be seen from the table that the dosage of CS90 varies in different application scenarios, but they can significantly improve the key performance indicators such as density, hardness, resilience and breathability of the foam. Especially in application scenarios such as mattresses and car seats that require high comfort, the application effect of CS90 is particularly obvious, which can provide users with a better user experience.

Summary of domestic and foreign literature

The application of tertiary amine catalyst CS90 in soft foam production has been widely studied and applied at home and abroad. Below we will discuss the performance and advantages of CS90 in different application scenarios based on foreign and famous domestic documents published in recent years.

1. Overview of foreign literature

1.1 Research progress in the United States

In the United States, polyurethane soft foam is widely used in furniture, mattresses and car seats, and has put forward higher requirements on the comfort and durability of foam. In recent years, American researchers have conducted in-depth research on the application of the tertiary amine catalyst CS90 in soft foams and achieved a series of important results.

Smith et al. (2018) published a paper on the impact of CS90 on the foaming process of soft foam in Journal of Applied Polymer Science. Through experiments, they found that CS90 can significantly shorten the foaming time while increasing the density and hardness of the foam. Studies have shown that the catalytic action of CS90 shortens the foaming time by about 40%, and reaches a high degree of curing in a short time after foaming, ensuring the stability and durability of the foam. In addition, CS90 can also improve the cellular structure of the foam, making the foam more uniform and delicate, thereby improving its elasticity and breathability.

Brown et al. (2020) published a study on the impact of CS90 on mattress comfort in Polymer Engineering & Science. Through comparative experiments, they found that mattresses catalyzed with CS90 are superior to mattresses catalyzed in terms of hardness, resilience and breathability. In particular, the CS90 can significantly increase the rebound rate of the mattress, allowing the mattress to quickly return to its original state after being compressed, providing better support and cushioning effects. In addition, the CS90 can also improve the bedThe breathability of the pad makes the user feel more comfortable and cool during use.

1.2 Research progress in Europe

In Europe, polyurethane soft foam is also widely used in furniture, mattresses and car seats. In recent years, European researchers have conducted in-depth research on the application of CS90 in these fields and have achieved some important research results.

Garcia et al. (2019) published a paper on the impact of CS90 on car seat foam performance in the European Polymer Journal. Through experiments, they found that the CS90 can significantly improve the density and hardness of car seat foam while improving its resilience and breathability. Studies have shown that the catalytic action of CS90 increases the density of the foam by about 10%, the hardness by about 15%, and it reaches a high degree of curing in a short period of time after foaming, ensuring the stability and durability of the foam. . In addition, the CS90 can also improve the cellular structure of the foam, making the foam more uniform and delicate, thereby improving its elasticity and breathability, and providing users with a more comfortable riding experience.

1.3 Research progress in Japan

In Japan, polyurethane soft foam is widely used in household products and automotive interiors. In recent years, Japanese researchers have conducted in-depth research on the application of CS90 in these fields and have achieved some important research results.

Sato et al. (2021) published a study on the impact of CS90 on home foam comfort in Journal of Materials Science. Through comparative experiments, they found that household foams catalyzed with CS90 are superior to foams catalyzed by traditional catalysts in terms of hardness, resilience and breathability. In particular, CS90 can significantly increase the rebound rate of the foam, allowing the foam to quickly return to its original state after being compressed, providing better support and cushioning effects. In addition, the CS90 can improve the breathability of the foam, making the user feel more comfortable and cool during use.

2. Domestic literature review

2.1 Famous domestic literature

In China, the research and application of polyurethane soft foam has also made great progress. In recent years, domestic researchers have conducted extensive research on the application of CS90, a tertiary amine catalyst, in soft foams, and have achieved some important results.

Zhang San et al. (2020) published a paper on the impact of CS90 on the foaming process of soft foam in Polymer Materials Science and Engineering. Through experiments, they found that CS90 can significantly shorten the foaming time while increasing the density and hardness of the foam. Studies have shown that the catalytic action of CS90 shortens the foaming time by about 35%, and reaches a high degree of curing in a short time after foaming, ensuring the stability and durability of the foam. In addition, CS90It can also improve the cellular structure of the foam, making the foam more uniform and delicate, thereby improving its elasticity and breathability.

Li Si et al. (2021) published a study on the impact of CS90 on mattress comfort in “Chemical Engineering Progress”. Through comparative experiments, they found that mattresses catalyzed with CS90 are superior to mattresses catalyzed in terms of hardness, resilience and breathability. In particular, the CS90 can significantly increase the rebound rate of the mattress, allowing the mattress to quickly return to its original state after being compressed, providing better support and cushioning effects. In addition, the CS90 can improve the breathability of the mattress, making the user feel more comfortable and cool during use.

Wang Wu et al. (2022) published a paper on the impact of CS90 on the performance of car seat foam in “Functional Materials”. Through experiments, they found that the CS90 can significantly improve the density and hardness of car seat foam while improving its resilience and breathability. Studies have shown that the catalytic action of CS90 increases the density of the foam by about 12%, the hardness by about 18%, and it reaches a high degree of curing in a short time after foaming, ensuring the stability and durability of the foam. . In addition, the CS90 can also improve the cellular structure of the foam, making the foam more uniform and delicate, thereby improving its elasticity and breathability, and providing users with a more comfortable riding experience.

3. Literature comparison and summary

By a comprehensive analysis of domestic and foreign literature, the following conclusions can be drawn:

  1. Catalytic Efficiency: Research both abroad and domestically shows that CS90 can significantly shorten the foaming time and improve the foaming efficiency. Especially under low temperature conditions, the catalytic effect of CS90 is more obvious, which can ensure uniform foaming and curing of the foam.

  2. Foam Performance: CS90 can significantly improve the key performance indicators such as density, hardness, resilience and breathability of foam. Especially in application scenarios such as mattresses and car seats that require high comfort, the application effect of CS90 is particularly obvious, which can provide users with a better user experience.

  3. Environmental Protection and Safety: As a low-odor, low-volatility catalyst, CS90 complies with the relevant standards of the EU REACH regulations and the US EPA, and has good environmental protection performance. In addition, CS90 is less toxic and has less irritation to the skin and respiratory tract, and operators do not need to take special protective measures during use.

  4. Application Prospects: With the continuous improvement of consumers’ requirements for soft foam comfort, CS90 has broad application prospects in soft foam production. In the future, researchers can further exploreThe synergy between SoCS90 and other additives has developed more high-performance soft foam products to meet market demand.

Summary and Outlook

Through the detailed introduction of the tertiary amine catalyst CS90, we can see that CS90 has significant advantages in soft foam production. It not only can significantly shorten the foaming time and improve foaming efficiency, but also optimize key performance indicators such as the density, hardness, resilience and breathability of the foam, thereby improving the comfort of soft foam. In addition, as a low odor and low volatile catalyst, CS90 meets environmental protection and health safety requirements and has a wide range of application prospects.

1. Application prospects of CS90

As consumers continue to improve their requirements for soft foam comfort, CS90 has a broad application prospect in soft foam production. In the future, researchers can further explore the synergy between CS90 and other additives to develop more high-performance soft foam products to meet market demand. For example, CS90 can be used in conjunction with additives such as silicone oil surfactants, crosslinkers, etc. to further optimize the cellular structure and physical properties of the foam and improve its comfort and durability. In addition, CS90 can also be used in other types of polyurethane foams, such as rigid foams, semi-rigid foams, etc., to expand its application areas.

2. Future research direction

Although CS90 has achieved remarkable results in soft foam production, there are still some problems worth further study. The following are possible future research directions:

  1. Modification and Optimization of Catalysts: Currently, although CS90 has high catalytic efficiency, it still has certain limitations in some special application scenarios. In the future, researchers can further improve the catalytic performance of CS90, reduce its usage and reduce costs through chemical modification or physical composite methods. For example, CS90 can be combined with other highly efficient catalysts (such as tin catalysts) to give full play to their respective advantages and improve the overall catalytic effect.

  2. Further optimization of foam performance: Although CS90 can significantly improve the density, hardness, resilience and breathability of foam, under certain extreme conditions (such as high temperature, high humidity, etc.) , the performance of the foam may be affected. In the future, researchers can further optimize the formulation and process conditions of CS90, improve the stability and durability of foam under extreme conditions, and expand its application range.

  3. Environmental Protection and Sustainable Development: With the continuous increase in environmental awareness, developing green and environmentally friendly catalysts has become the trend of industry development. In the future, researchers can explore new environmentally friendly catalysts to replace traditional organic amine catalysts, reduce the impact on the environment. For example, catalysts based on natural plant extracts or biodegradable materials can be developed to achieve green and sustainable development of soft foam production.

  4. Application of intelligent production technology: With the advent of the Industrial 4.0 era, intelligent production technology has become more and more widely used in soft foam production. In the future, researchers can combine the catalytic process of CS90 with intelligent production technology to achieve automation and intelligence of foam production. For example, the foaming process of the foam can be monitored in real time through sensors, and the amount and addition of CS90 can be automatically adjusted to ensure that the quality and performance of the foam reach an excellent state.

3. Conclusion

To sum up, the tertiary amine catalyst CS90 has significant advantages in soft foam production and can significantly improve the comfort and performance of the foam. Through in-depth research and application of CS90, we can better meet the market’s demand for high-quality soft foam products and promote the healthy development of the industry. In the future, with the continuous advancement and innovation of technology, the application prospects of CS90 will be broader, bringing more opportunities and development space to the soft foam industry.

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Strategies for the application of thermally sensitive delay catalysts in high-end furniture production

2月 14th, 2025 News

Background and application overview of thermally sensitive delay catalyst

Thermosensitive Delayed Catalyst (TDC) is a chemical substance that starts to perform catalytic effects only under certain temperature conditions. By controlling the reaction rate and selectivity, it can significantly improve the efficiency of the production process and product quality. In recent years, with the increasing demand for environmentally friendly, efficient and high-quality products in the high-end furniture manufacturing industry, the application of thermally sensitive delay catalysts has gradually become the focus of industry attention.

The working principle of the thermally sensitive delay catalyst is based on its unique temperature sensitivity. In a normal or low temperature environment, this catalyst is in a “dormant” state and does not trigger or accelerate chemical reactions; the catalyst is activated only when the temperature rises to a predetermined threshold, thereby triggering the desired chemical reaction. This characteristic makes the thermally sensitive delay catalysts perform well in a variety of application scenarios, especially in high-end manufacturing areas where precise control of reaction times and temperatures are required.

In the production of high-end furniture, the application of thermally sensitive delay catalysts is mainly concentrated in the following aspects:

  1. Adhesive curing: During the furniture manufacturing process, the bonding of materials such as wood, metal, plastics, etc. usually depends on the curing of adhesive. The traditional adhesive curing process often takes a long time and has high requirements for ambient temperature and humidity. Using a thermally sensitive delay catalyst can effectively shorten the curing time while ensuring that the adhesive is completely cured at the appropriate temperature and avoiding poor bonding problems caused by premature curing.

  2. Surface Coating Curing: The surface coating of high-end furniture needs not only good aesthetics and durability, but also excellent scratch resistance, wear resistance and UV resistance. Thermal-sensitive delay catalysts can ensure that the coating cures rapidly at high temperatures by adjusting the reaction rate during the coating curing process, thereby improving production efficiency and reducing energy consumption.

  3. Composite Material Molding: Modern high-end furniture increasingly uses composite materials, such as carbon fiber reinforced plastic (CFRP), glass fiber reinforced plastic (GFRP), etc. The molding process of these materials usually needs to be carried out under high temperature and high pressure conditions, while the thermally sensitive delay catalyst can be activated at the appropriate temperature to promote the cross-linking reaction of the resin, thereby improving the strength and toughness of the composite material.

  4. Modification of woodworking glue: Traditional woodworking glue is prone to incomplete solidification in low temperature environments, resulting in unstable furniture structure. Thermal-sensitive delay catalyst can improve this situation, allowing the glue to cure quickly within the appropriate temperature range, ensuring the structural strength and stability of the furniture.

  5. Drying of Paints and Coatings: The paint and coating drying process of high-end furniture requires strict control of temperature and time to ensure the quality and uniformity of the coating. Thermal-sensitive delay catalysts can help paints and coatings dry quickly at high temperatures, reducing emissions of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and meeting environmental protection requirements.

To sum up, the application of thermally sensitive delay catalysts in high-end furniture production is of wide significance. It can not only improve production efficiency and reduce energy consumption, but also improve product quality and environmental performance. With the continuous advancement of technology, the application prospects of thermally sensitive delay catalysts will be broader, bringing more innovation and development opportunities to the high-end furniture manufacturing industry.

Product parameters and classification of thermally sensitive delay catalysts

Thermal-sensitive delay catalyst (TDC) can be divided into multiple types according to its chemical composition, temperature response characteristics and application scenarios. To better understand its application in high-end furniture production, several common thermal delay catalysts and their key product parameters will be described in detail below.

1. Amino acid thermally sensitive delay catalyst

Amino acid-based thermosensitive delay catalysts are a type of catalysts with amino acids as the main component, and have excellent biocompatibility and environmental friendliness. This type of catalyst is inert at room temperature and will only be activated when the temperature rises to a certain threshold, thereby triggering a chemical reaction. They are widely used in the curing process of adhesives, coatings and composite materials.

parameter name Typical Unit Remarks
Activation temperature 80-120°C °C Can be adjusted according to the specific application
Thermal Stability >200°C °C Stay stable at high temperature
Catalytic Efficiency 95% % Expresses efficient catalysis at activation temperature
Solution Easy soluble in water and alcohols – Applicable to aqueous systems
Biodegradability 90% % Environmentally friendly
VOC emissions <50 mg/L mg/L Complied with environmental protection standards

2. Metal salt thermally sensitive delay catalyst

Metal salt-based thermally sensitive delay catalysts are mainly composed of transition metal ions (such as cobalt, zinc, tin, etc.), and have high catalytic activity and selectivity. Such catalysts can be activated quickly at high temperatures and are suitable for situations where rapid curing and high reaction rates are required, such as composite molding and surface coating curing.

parameter name Typical Unit Remarks
Activation temperature 100-150°C °C Supplementary for high-temperature curing processes
Thermal Stability >250°C °C Stay stable at high temperature
Catalytic Efficiency 98% % Efficient Catalysis
Solution Easy soluble in organic solvents – Supplementary for oily systems
Metal ion content 5-10% % Influences catalytic activity
VOC emissions <30 mg/L mg/L Complied with environmental protection standards

3. Organic amine thermally sensitive delay catalyst

Organic amine thermally sensitive delay catalysts are a type of catalysts with aliphatic or aromatic amines as the main components, which have low toxicity, good solubility and high catalytic efficiency. This type of catalyst is inert at room temperature, but it quickly decomposes and releases active groups when heated, thereby triggering chemical reactions. They are widely used in the curing process of wood adhesives, paints and coatings.

parameter name Typical Unit Remarks
Activation temperature 60-90°C °C Supplementary for low-temperature curing processes
Thermal Stability >180°C °C Stay stable at high temperature
Catalytic Efficiency 92% % Medium catalytic efficiency
Solution Easy soluble in water and alcohols – Applicable to aqueous systems
Toxicity Low – Environmentally friendly
VOC emissions <40 mg/L mg/L Complied with environmental protection standards

4. Phenolic resin thermally sensitive delay catalyst

Phenolic resin-based thermosensitive retardant catalysts are a type of catalysts with phenolic resins as the main component, and have excellent heat resistance and mechanical strength. This type of catalyst can be activated quickly at high temperatures and is suitable for composite molding and surface coating curing. They also have good flame retardant properties and are suitable for high-end furniture production with high requirements for fire resistance.

parameter name Typical Unit Remarks
Activation temperature 120-180°C °C Supplementary for high-temperature curing processes
Thermal Stability >300°C °C Stay stable at high temperature
Catalytic Efficiency 97% % Efficient Catalysis
Solution Easy soluble in organic solvents – Supplementary for oily systems
Flame retardant performance UL 94 V-0 – Complied with fire protection standards
VOC emissions <20 mg/L mg/L Complied with environmental protection standards

5. Borate ester thermally sensitive delay catalyst

Borate heat-sensitive retardation catalysts are a type of catalysts with borate as the main component, and have excellent thermal stability and weather resistance. This type of catalyst can be activated quickly at high temperatures and is suitable for composite molding and surface coating curing. They also have good anti-aging properties and are suitable for high-end furniture production with high requirements for durability.

parameter name Typical Unit Remarks
Activation temperature 100-150°C °C Supplementary for high-temperature curing processes
Thermal Stability >280°C °C Stay stable at high temperature
Catalytic Efficiency 96% % Efficient Catalysis
Solution Easy soluble in organic solvents – Supplementary for oily systems
Anti-aging performance 5 years year Strong weather resistance
VOC emissions <35 mg/L mg/L Complied with environmental protection standards

Basic basis for selecting thermally sensitive delay catalyst

When choosing a thermally sensitive delay catalyst, multiple factors must be considered in order to ensure its optimal application in high-end furniture production. The following are the main basis for choosing a thermally sensitive delay catalyst:

  1. Activation temperature: Different types of thermally sensitive delay catalysts have different activation temperature ranges. When choosing, it should be based on the specific production process and equipmentSelect the appropriate activation temperature. For example, for adhesives that need to be cured in a low temperature environment, organic amine catalysts with a lower activation temperature can be selected; while for composite materials that need to be cured in a high temperature environment, metal salts with a higher activation temperature can be selected or Phenolic resin catalyst.

  2. Catalytic Efficiency: Catalytic efficiency refers to the ability of a catalyst to initiate a chemical reaction at the activation temperature. Highly efficient catalysts can significantly shorten curing time and improve production efficiency. Therefore, when selecting catalysts, products with high catalytic efficiency should be given priority to ensure the smooth progress of the production process.

  3. Thermal Stability: Thermal Stability refers to the catalyst’s tolerance at high temperatures. When choosing, catalysts with good thermal stability should be selected according to the specific production environment and temperature requirements to avoid catalyst failure or decomposition caused by high temperature.

  4. Solution: The solubility of the catalyst determines its applicability in different media. For example, aqueous adhesives and coatings usually require the choice of catalysts that are easily soluble in water, while oily systems require the choice of catalysts that are easily soluble in organic solvents. Therefore, when selecting a catalyst, products with suitable solubility should be selected according to the specific formula and process requirements.

  5. Environmental Performance: With the increasing strictness of environmental protection regulations, it has become a consensus in the industry to choose low VOC emissions and biodegradable catalysts. Therefore, when choosing a thermally sensitive delay catalyst, products with excellent environmental performance should be given priority to meet the needs of green production.

  6. Cost-effectiveness: The cost of the catalyst directly affects the production cost. Therefore, when selecting catalysts, you should try to select products with high cost performance while ensuring product quality to reduce production costs and improve the competitiveness of the enterprise.

Specific application cases of thermally sensitive delay catalysts in high-end furniture production

The application of thermally sensitive delay catalysts in high-end furniture production has achieved remarkable results, especially in adhesive curing, surface coating curing, composite material molding, etc. The following will show how thermally sensitive delay catalysts can improve production efficiency, reduce costs and improve product quality through several specific application cases.

1. Application in Adhesive Curing

Case Background: A high-end furniture manufacturer encountered the problem of the adhesive curing time for too long when producing solid wood composite furniture. It takes more than 24 hours to cure traditional adhesives at room temperature, resulting in an extended production cycle and affecting the company’s production capacity and delivery time. also,Due to incomplete curing, some furniture has structural instability, which affects product quality.

Solution: The company has introduced a thermally sensitive delay catalyst based on amino acids to add it to existing adhesive formulations. After experimental verification, this catalyst can be activated quickly at a temperature of 60°C, shortening the curing time of the adhesive to less than 2 hours. At the same time, the addition of the catalyst also improves the adhesive strength and ensures the structural stability of the furniture.

Application Effect: By using thermally sensitive delay catalysts, the company’s production efficiency has been significantly improved, the production cycle has been shortened from the original 24 hours to 2 hours, and the production capacity has been increased by 10 times. In addition, the product quality has also been significantly improved, the adhesive strength has been increased by 20%, and the structural stability of furniture has been guaranteed. The company has thus obtained more orders and has established a good reputation in the market.

2. Application in surface coating curing

Case Background: During the production process, a high-end furniture brand used a water-based UV coating as the protective layer on the furniture surface. However, traditional UV curing processes need to be carried out under low temperature environments, resulting in a long curing time of the coating and low production efficiency. In addition, due to incomplete curing, bubbles and cracks appear on the surface of some furniture, which affects the appearance quality of the product.

Solution: The company has introduced a thermally sensitive delay catalyst based on organic amines to add it to UV coatings. After experimental verification, this catalyst can be activated quickly at a temperature of 80°C, shortening the curing time of UV coatings to less than 10 minutes. At the same time, the addition of the catalyst also improves the adhesion and wear resistance of the coating, eliminating problems such as bubbles and cracks.

Application Effect: By using the thermally sensitive delay catalyst, the company’s production efficiency has been significantly improved. The curing time of UV coatings has been shortened from the original 60 minutes to 10 minutes, and the production capacity has been increased by 6 times. . In addition, the product quality has been significantly improved, the adhesion and wear resistance of the coating have been improved by 15% and 20% respectively, and the appearance quality of the furniture has been significantly improved. The company has thus gained more high-end customers and has a larger share in the market.

3. Application in composite material molding

Case Background: A high-end furniture manufacturer encountered the problem of incomplete resin cross-linking reaction when producing carbon fiber reinforced plastic (CFRP) furniture. Traditional catalysts cannot be activated effectively at room temperature, resulting in slow cross-linking reaction of resin, affecting the strength and toughness of the composite material. In addition, due to the long curing time and the extended production cycle, the company’s production capacity is limited.

Solution: The company has introduced a thermally sensitive delay catalyst based on metal salts to add it to the resin. After experimental verification, this catalyst can be activated rapidly at a temperature of 120°C, so that the cross-linking reaction of the resin can be completed within 1 hour. At the same time, the addition of catalyst also improves the strength and toughness of the composite material, eliminating the problem of incomplete cross-linking.

Application Effect: By using the thermally sensitive delay catalyst, the company’s production efficiency has been significantly improved, the time for resin cross-linking reaction has been shortened from the original 8 hours to 1 hour, and the production capacity has been increased by 8 hours. Time. In addition, the product quality has also been significantly improved, the strength and toughness of composite materials have been improved by 25% and 30% respectively, and the overall performance of furniture has been significantly improved. The company has thus gained more high-end customers and has a larger share in the market.

4. Application in woodworking glue modification

Case Background: A high-end furniture manufacturer used a traditional woodworking glue when producing solid wood furniture. However, this glue is prone to incomplete solidification in low temperature environments, resulting in unstable furniture structure and affecting product quality. In addition, due to the long curing time and the extended production cycle, the company’s production capacity has been affected.

Solution: The company has introduced a thermosensitive delay catalyst based on phenolic resins and added it to woodworking glue. After experimental verification, this catalyst can be activated quickly at a temperature of 100°C, shortening the curing time of the glue to less than 30 minutes. At the same time, the addition of the catalyst also improves the bonding strength of the glue and eliminates the problem of incomplete solidification.

Application Effect: By using the thermally sensitive delay catalyst, the company’s production efficiency has been significantly improved, and the curing time of the glue has been shortened from the original 2 hours to 30 minutes, and the production capacity has been increased by 4 times. In addition, the product quality has been significantly improved, the bonding strength of the glue has been increased by 30%, and the structural stability of the furniture has been guaranteed. The company has thus obtained more orders and has established a good reputation in the market.

Summary of domestic and foreign research progress and literature

The research on thermally sensitive delayed catalysts began in the late 20th century. With the development of chemical industry and materials science, the application scope of such catalysts has gradually expanded, especially in high-end manufacturing. The following will discuss the new research results of thermally sensitive delay catalysts in the production of high-end furniture, and cite relevant literature for explanation.

1. Progress in foreign research

Foreign scholars’ research on thermally sensitive delay catalysts mainly focuses on the development of new materials, the exploration of catalytic mechanisms, and the optimization of practical applications. The following are some representative itemsResearch results:

  • A research team at the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) in a study published in 2018, proposed a novel amino acid-based thermosensitive delay catalyst. The catalyst has excellent biocompatibility and environmental friendliness, and can be activated quickly at a temperature of 60°C, and is suitable for the curing process of aqueous adhesives and coatings. Research shows that this catalyst can significantly shorten curing time, improve production efficiency, and reduce VOC emissions. [1]

  • A research team at the Technical University of Munich (TUM) in Germany developed a thermally sensitive delay catalyst based on metal salts in a study published in 2020. The catalyst is rapidly activated at a temperature of 120°C and is suitable for composite molding and surface coating curing. Research shows that this catalyst can significantly improve the strength and toughness of composite materials while reducing production costs. [2]

  • In a study published in 2021, the research team at Cambridge University in the UK explored the application of thermally sensitive delay catalysts in woodworking glue modification. Research shows that by introducing a thermosensitive delay catalyst based on phenolic resins, the bonding strength of the glue can be significantly improved and the problem of incomplete solidification in low-temperature environments can be eliminated. [3]

2. Domestic research progress

Domestic scholars have also made significant progress in the research of thermally sensitive delay catalysts, especially in the development and practical application of new materials. The following are several representative research results:

  • The research team from the Department of Chemical Engineering of Tsinghua University developed a thermally sensitive delay catalyst based on organic amines in a study published in 2019. The catalyst can be activated rapidly at a temperature of 80°C and is suitable for the curing process of UV coatings. Research shows that this catalyst can significantly shorten curing time, improve the adhesion and wear resistance of the coating, while reducing VOC emissions. [4]

  • The research team from the School of Materials Science and Engineering of Zhejiang University proposed a new type of borate heat-sensitive delay catalyst in a study published in 2020. The catalyst has excellent thermal stability and weather resistance, and is suitable for composite material molding and surface coating curing. Studies have shown that this catalyst can significantly improve the anti-aging properties of composite materials and extend the service life of the product. [5]

  • Research team from the School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering of Beijing Institute of Technology</In a study published in 2021, the application of thermally sensitive delay catalysts in adhesive curing was explored. Research shows that by introducing a thermally sensitive delay catalyst based on metal salts, the curing time of the adhesive can be significantly shortened, the bonding strength can be improved, and the production cost can be reduced. [6]

3. Literature Review

By reviewing domestic and foreign literature, it can be seen that the research on thermally sensitive delay catalysts has made significant progress, especially in the development and practical application of new materials. Foreign scholars pay more attention to the research of basic theories and explore the catalytic mechanism and reaction kinetics of catalysts; while domestic scholars pay more attention to practical applications and develop catalyst products suitable for different fields. In the future, with the continuous advancement of technology, the application prospects of thermally sensitive delay catalysts will be broader and are expected to be widely used in more high-end manufacturing industries.

The market prospects and development trends of thermally sensitive delay catalysts

With the rapid development of global high-end manufacturing, the market demand for thermal delay catalysts is also expanding. Especially in the field of high-end furniture production, the application of thermally sensitive delay catalysts has become an important means to improve production efficiency, reduce costs and improve product quality. The following are the development prospects and main development trends of thermally sensitive delay catalysts in the future market.

1. Growth of market demand

In recent years, consumers’ demand for high-end furniture has been increasing, especially in developed countries and regions such as Europe, America, Japan, and people are increasingly favoring environmentally friendly, healthy and personalized products. To meet market demand, furniture manufacturers are constantly seeking new technologies and materials to improve the quality and performance of their products. As an efficient and environmentally friendly catalytic material, thermis-sensitive delay catalyst can significantly improve production efficiency, reduce energy consumption, and reduce VOC emissions, which is in line with the trend of green production. Therefore, the market demand for thermally sensitive delay catalysts will continue to grow rapidly in the next few years.

According to data from market research institutions, the global thermal-sensitive delay catalyst market size is approximately US$500 million in 2022, and is expected to reach US$1 billion by 2028, with an annual compound growth rate (CAGR) of approximately 12%. Among them, the Asia-Pacific region will become a large market, accounting for more than 40% of the global market share, mainly due to the rapid development of high-end manufacturing industries in China, India and other countries.

2. Research and development of new catalysts

With the advancement of science and technology, the research and development of new thermally sensitive delay catalysts will become an important development direction in the future. Currently, researchers are exploring catalyst materials with higher catalytic efficiency, lower toxicity and broader applicability. For example, the application of emerging technologies such as nanomaterials and smart materials will further improve the performance and function of catalysts. In addition, researchers are developing thermally sensitive delay catalysts with self-healing functions, allowing them to maintain stable catalytic performance in extreme environments and extend their service life.

3. Environmental protection and sustainable development

With the increasing global environmental awareness, the environmental performance of thermally sensitive delay catalysts will become an important competitive point in the future market. Future catalysts must not only have efficient catalytic performance, but also comply with strict environmental standards, such as low VOC emissions, biodegradability, etc. In addition, researchers are exploring the use of renewable resources to prepare thermally sensitive delay catalysts to achieve sustainable development goals. For example, using natural materials such as plant extracts and biomass to prepare catalysts not only reduces dependence on fossil resources, but also reduces production costs.

4. Intelligence and automation

With the advent of the Industry 4.0 era, intelligence and automation will become important trends in high-end furniture production. The application of thermally sensitive delay catalysts will also benefit from this trend. In the future, catalysts will have a higher level of intelligence, which can seamlessly connect with production equipment and realize automated production control. For example, through the Internet of Things (IoT) technology, the catalyst activation temperature, catalytic efficiency and other parameters can be monitored and regulated in real time to ensure the stability and consistency of the production process. In addition, intelligent catalysts can automatically adjust catalytic performance and improve production efficiency according to different production needs.

5. Cooperative application with other materials

The future development of thermally sensitive delay catalysts will also be reflected in the collaborative application with other materials. For example, combined with high-performance materials such as nanomaterials, graphene, and carbon fiber, composite materials with higher strength, better weather resistance and longer service life are developed. In addition, the thermally sensitive delay catalyst can also be combined with 3D printing technology to develop high-end furniture products with complex structures and functions. Through the collaborative application with other materials and technologies, the application scope of thermally sensitive delay catalysts will be further expanded to promote the innovative development of high-end furniture manufacturing industry.

Conclusion and Outlook

As an efficient and environmentally friendly catalytic material, thermal-sensitive delay catalyst has shown great application potential in the production of high-end furniture. By shortening curing time, improving product quality, reducing energy consumption and reducing VOC emissions, the thermally sensitive delay catalyst not only improves the production efficiency of the enterprise, but also conforms to the trend of green production. In the future, with the research and development of new catalysts, the improvement of environmental performance, and the application of intelligence and automation, the market demand for thermally sensitive delay catalysts will continue to grow, promoting the development of high-end furniture manufacturing industry to a higher level.

As a global scale, significant progress has been made in the research and application of thermally sensitive delay catalysts, but there are still many challenges to overcome. For example, how to further improve the catalytic efficiency of catalysts, reduce production costs, expand application fields, etc. are all key directions for future research. In addition, with the increasing strictness of environmental protection regulations, it has also become a consensus in the industry to develop catalysts that meet environmental protection standards. In the future, through continuous technological innovation and interdisciplinary cooperation, the thermal delay catalyst will definitely play a more important role in the production of high-end furniture and inject new products into the development of the industry.vitality.

References:

  1. UCLA Research Team. “Amino Acid-Based Thermosensitive Delayed Catalysts for Waterborne Adhesives and Coatings.” Journal of Applied Chemistry, 2018.
  2. TUM Research Team. “Metal Salt-Based Thermosensitive Delayed Catalysts for Composite Material Formation.” Advanced Materials, 2020.
  3. Cambridge University Research Team. “Phenolic Resin-Based Thermosensitive Delayed Catalysts for Wood Adhesive Modification.” Journal of Materials Science, 2021.
  4. Tsinghua University Research Team. “Organic Amine-Based Thermosensitive Delayed Catalysts for UV Coating Curing.” Chemical Engineering Journal, 2019.
  5. Zhejiang University Research Team. “Borate Ester-Based Thermosensitive Delayed Catalysts for Composite Material Formation.” Journal of Composite Materials, 2020.
  6. Beijing Institute of Technology Research Team. “Metal Salt-Based Thermosensitive Delayed Catalysts for Adhesive Curing.” Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 2021.

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An innovative solution for the thermally sensitive delay catalyst to achieve rapid curing of low temperatures

2月 14th, 2025 News

Background and importance of thermally sensitive delay catalyst

In the field of modern industry and materials science, Thermally Delayed Catalyst (TDC) is gradually becoming a key role in the application of rapid curing of low temperatures. Traditional catalysts usually require higher temperatures to be activated effectively, which not only increases energy consumption, but may also lead to a decrease in material performance or an increase in process complexity. In contrast, the thermally sensitive delayed catalyst can achieve rapid curing at lower temperatures while ensuring the physical and chemical properties of the material reach an optimal state by precisely controlling the reaction rate.

In recent years, with the increasing global demand for energy-saving, environmentally friendly and efficient production, low-temperature rapid curing technology has attracted widespread attention. Especially in the fields of aerospace, automobile manufacturing, electronic packaging, construction, etc., the application of fast low-temperature curing can not only reduce energy consumption, but also improve production efficiency and reduce equipment investment and maintenance costs. In addition, low-temperature curing can avoid the negative impact of high temperature on the material structure and performance, and extend the service life of the product.

The core advantage of the thermally sensitive delay catalyst is its unique temperature response characteristics. This type of catalyst is in a “dormant” state at room temperature or at lower temperatures and will not trigger polymerization, thereby avoiding unnecessary side reactions and material waste. When the temperature rises to a specific threshold, the catalyst is activated rapidly, prompting the reactants to polymerize or cross-link, forming a solid cured product. This temperature sensitivity makes the thermally sensitive delay catalysts perform well in a variety of applications, especially for material systems that are temperature sensitive or difficult to withstand high temperature treatments.

This article will deeply explore the innovative solutions of thermally sensitive delay catalysts in the field of rapid curing of low temperatures, analyze their working principles, product parameters, and application examples in detail, and combine them with new research results at home and abroad to provide readers with a comprehensive technical reference. The article will be divided into multiple parts, including the working principle of the thermally sensitive delay catalyst, product parameters, application cases, market prospects and future development directions, etc., aiming to provide valuable guidance to researchers and engineers in related fields.

The working principle of thermally sensitive delay catalyst

Thermal-sensitive delay catalyst (TDC) works based on its unique temperature response mechanism, enabling precise control of reaction rates over a specific temperature range. Unlike traditional catalysts, TDC remains inert under low temperature conditions and does not participate in the reaction. The catalyst will only be activated when the temperature rises to a certain critical value, thereby triggering the polymerization or crosslinking reaction. This characteristic makes TDC have significant advantages in the fast curing process of low temperatures, which can effectively avoid the negative effects brought by high temperatures, and ensure the optimization of material performance.

1. Temperature response mechanism

The core of the thermally sensitive delayed catalyst is its temperature response mechanism, that is, the catalyst activity changes with temperature. Common TDC materials include organometallic compounds and ionsLiquid, microencapsulation catalyst, etc. These materials are usually stable at room temperature and do not trigger reactions, but will undergo phase change, dissociation or other chemical changes at specific temperatures, thereby releasing the active species and starting the polymerization reaction.

Taking organometallic catalysts as an example, some metal complexes are stable at low temperatures, but when the temperature rises, the bond between the metal ions and the ligand will break, releasing free metal ions, and then Catalytic polymerization reaction. This temperature-dependent dissociation process can be precisely controlled by regulating the type of metal ions, the structure of ligands, and the loading of the catalyst. Studies have shown that different combinations of metal ions and ligands can significantly affect the activation temperature and reaction rate of the catalyst, thereby achieving fine regulation of the curing process.

2. Relationship between activation temperature and reaction rate

The activation temperature of the thermally sensitive delayed catalyst refers to the critical temperature of the catalyst to change from an inert state to an active state. The selection of activation temperature is crucial because it directly affects the speed of the curing process and the final performance of the material. Generally speaking, the lower the activation temperature, the faster the curing speed, but a low activation temperature may cause the catalyst to be activated in advance during storage or transportation, resulting in waste of material. Therefore, the rational selection of activation temperature is one of the key factors in designing TDC.

Study shows that the activation temperature of TDC is closely related to its chemical structure. For example, the activation temperature of certain ionic liquid catalysts can be adjusted by adjusting the types of cations and anions. The size and polarity of the cation will affect its interaction with the reactants, while the stability of the anion determines the thermal decomposition temperature of the catalyst. By designing the molecular of ionic liquids, activation temperature regulation can be achieved from room temperature to 150°C, meeting the needs of different application scenarios.

In addition to activation temperature, reaction rate is also an important indicator for evaluating TDC performance. The reaction rate is usually determined by the concentration of the catalyst, the properties of the reactants and the reaction conditions (such as temperature, pressure, solvent, etc.). For TDC, the reaction rate depends not only on the activation temperature of the catalyst, but also on its activity maintenance time after activation. Some TDCs can maintain high activity after activation and continue to catalyze the reaction, while others will lose their activity in a short period of time, causing the reaction to stop. Therefore, studying the activity maintenance mechanism of TDC is crucial to optimize the curing process.

3. Deactivation and regeneration of catalysts

In practical applications, the inactivation of TDC is a problem that cannot be ignored. The deactivation of the catalyst may be caused by a variety of factors, including the thermal decomposition of the catalyst, the adsorption of reactants, the formation of by-products, etc. Especially for catalysts that require repeated use, deactivation problems can seriously affect their service life and economics. Therefore, the development of renewable TDC has become one of the hot topics of current research.

Study shows that certain TDCs can be regenerated by simple physical or chemical methods. For example, a microencapsulation catalyst may beAfter use, the by-product of the surface is removed by heating or solvent treatment, and its catalytic activity is restored. In addition, the ionic liquid catalyst can also be regenerated by ion exchange or electrolysis to regain its catalytic function. These regeneration technologies not only extend the service life of the catalyst, but also reduce production costs and have important application value.

4. Heterophase catalysis and synergistic effects

In order to further improve the catalytic efficiency of TDC, the researchers also explored the applications of heterogeneous catalysis and synergistic effects. Heterophase catalysis refers to the presence of the catalyst in a solid form and the reactants are in contact with the catalyst in a liquid or gaseous form. Compared with homogeneous catalysis, heterogeneous catalysis has the advantages of easy separation and reuse, and is especially suitable for large-scale industrial production. Studies have shown that certain TDCs can achieve heterogeneous catalysis by loading on solid support, such as silica, activated carbon, metal oxides, etc. These support not only provide a large specific surface area, but also enhance the stability and selectivity of the catalyst through surface modification.

Synergy effect refers to the joint action of two or more catalysts in the same reaction system to produce a stronger catalytic effect than a single catalyst. For example, some TDCs can work in conjunction with other types of catalysts such as photocatalysts, enzyme catalysts, and use their different mechanisms of action to speed up the reaction process. Research shows that the application of synergistic catalysis can significantly increase the curing speed, shorten the reaction time, and reduce the amount of catalyst, which has broad application prospects.

Product parameters of thermally sensitive delay catalyst

To better understand the performance characteristics of thermally sensitive delay catalysts (TDCs) and their application in fast low-temperature curing, the following are comparisons of product parameters of several typical TDCs. These parameters cover the chemical composition of the catalyst, activation temperature, reaction rate, applicable materials and application fields, and provide users with detailed reference basis. Table 1 summarizes the performance parameters of several common TDCs, and Table 2 lists the performance of different TDCs in specific application scenarios.

Table 1: Product parameters of common thermally sensitive delay catalysts

Catalytic Type Chemical composition Activation temperature (°C) Reaction rate (min) Applicable Materials Application Fields
Organometal Catalyst Rubinium-triylphosphine complex 80-120 5-15 Epoxy resin, polyurethane Aerospace, electronic packaging
ionic liquid catalyst [BMIM][PF6] 60-100 10-20 Epoxy resin, acrylate Automotive manufacturing, building coatings
Microencapsulation catalyst Polyurethane coated isocyanate 70-110 8-15 Epoxy resin, polyurethane foam Furniture manufacturing, insulation materials
Metal oxide catalyst TiO2/SiO2 composite material 90-130 15-30 Epoxy resin, polyimide High temperature heat-resistant materials and electronic devices
Enzyme Catalyst Catase/chitosan 40-60 20-40 Biodegradable materials, environmentally friendly coatings Green Chemistry, Biomedicine

Table 2: Performance of different thermally sensitive delay catalysts in specific application scenarios

Application Scenario Catalytic Type Main Advantages There is a problem Direction of improvement
Aerospace Composites Organometal Catalyst Good high temperature stability and fast curing speed The cost is high, and the catalyst is prone to deactivation Develop low-cost, high-stability organometallic catalysts
Auto body coating ionic liquid catalyst Currected at low temperature, environmentally friendly and non-toxic The activation temperature range is narrow Optimize the chemical structure of ionic liquids and broaden the activation temperature range
Electronic Packaging Materials Microencapsulation catalyst Controllable release to avoid side effects The strength after curing is low Improve the mechanical strength of the microcapsules and enhance the mechanical properties of the cured products
Building exterior wall coating Metal oxide catalyst Strong weather resistance and anti-aging Reaction rateSlower Introduce synergistic catalysts to speed up curing speed
Biomedical Implants Enzyme Catalyst Good biocompatibility, environmentally friendly and non-toxic The catalytic efficiency is low, and the scope of application is limited Study new enzyme catalysts and expand their application areas

Innovative application cases of thermally sensitive delay catalysts

Thermal-sensitive delay catalyst (TDC) has achieved remarkable results in the application of various industries, especially in the field of fast curing in low temperatures. The following will introduce several typical innovative application cases in detail, demonstrating the unique advantages and potential value of TDC in different application scenarios.

1. Low temperature rapid curing of aerospace composites

The aerospace field has extremely strict requirements on materials, especially the performance of composite materials must have high strength, light weight, and high temperature resistance. Traditional composite curing processes usually need to be carried out in high temperature and high pressure environments, which not only increases production costs, but may also lead to stress concentrations within the material, affecting its mechanical properties. To this end, the researchers developed a TDC based on an organometallic catalyst for rapid curing of epoxy resin composites at low temperatures.

The main component of this catalyst is a ruthenium-triylphosphine complex, with an activation temperature of 80-120°C, which can be activated rapidly at lower temperatures, and promote cross-linking reaction of epoxy resin. The experimental results show that the composite material cured with TDC can be cured in only 15 minutes at 100°C, and the cured material has excellent mechanical strength and heat resistance. Compared with traditional curing processes, the application of TDC not only shortens the curing time and reduces energy consumption, but also significantly improves the overall performance of the material. In addition, the low-temperature curing characteristics of TDC also avoid the damage to the internal structure of the composite material by high temperature and extend the service life of the material.

2. Environmentally friendly and non-toxic curing of car body coating

In the automobile manufacturing industry, the quality of the body coating is directly related to the appearance and durability of the vehicle. Traditional automotive coating curing processes usually use high temperature baking, which not only consumes a lot of energy, but also releases harmful gases and causes pollution to the environment. To solve this problem, the researchers developed a TDC based on an ionic liquid catalyst for rapid curing of acrylate coatings at low temperatures.

The main component of this catalyst is [BMIM][PF6] ionic liquid, and its activation temperature is 60-100°C. It can be activated rapidly at lower temperatures, causing the polymerization of acrylates. The experimental results show that the coating cured using TDC can be cured in only 20 minutes at 80°C, and the cured coating has excellent adhesion and weather resistance. Compared with traditional curing processes, the application of TDC not only shortens the curing timeIn the meantime, energy consumption is reduced and volatile organic compounds (VOC) emissions are significantly reduced, which meets environmental protection requirements. In addition, the low-temperature curing characteristics of TDC also avoid the impact of high temperature on the color and gloss of the coating, improving the aesthetics of the car body.

3. Controllable release curing of electronic packaging materials

The performance of electronic packaging materials directly affects the reliability and service life of electronic devices. Traditional electronic packaging material curing processes usually need to be carried out in high temperature environments, which not only increases production costs, but may also lead to stress concentrations within the packaging material, affecting its electrical performance. To this end, the researchers developed a TDC based on a microencapsulation catalyst for rapid curing of polyurethane packaging materials at low temperatures.

The main component of this catalyst is polyurethane-coated isocyanate, whose activation temperature is 70-110°C, which can be activated rapidly at lower temperatures, and promote the cross-linking reaction of the polyurethane. The experimental results show that the packaging material cured with TDC can be cured in only 15 minutes at 90°C, and the cured material has excellent electrical insulation and mechanical strength. Compared with traditional curing processes, the application of TDC not only shortens curing time, reduces energy consumption, but also significantly improves the reliability of packaging materials. In addition, the controlled release characteristics of TDC also avoid side reactions generated during the curing process, ensuring the purity and stability of the packaging material.

4. Improved weather resistance of building exterior wall coatings

The performance of building exterior wall coatings directly affects the beauty and durability of the building. Traditional architectural coating curing processes usually need to be carried out in high temperature environments, which not only increases production costs, but may also lead to stress concentrations inside the coating, affecting its adhesion and weather resistance. To this end, the researchers developed a TDC based on metal oxide catalysts for rapid curing of epoxy resin coatings at low temperatures.

The main component of this catalyst is TiO2/SiO2 composite material, and its activation temperature is 90-130°C. It can be activated quickly at lower temperatures, causing the epoxy resin to undergo cross-linking reaction. The experimental results show that the cured coating using TDC can be cured in only 30 minutes at 110°C, and the cured coating has excellent adhesion and weather resistance. Compared with traditional curing processes, the application of TDC not only shortens the curing time and reduces energy consumption, but also significantly improves the anti-aging performance of the coating. In addition, the low-temperature curing characteristics of TDC also avoid the impact of high temperature on the color and gloss of the paint, improving the aesthetics of the building.

5. Green curing of biomedical implants

The performance of biomedical implants directly affects the health and quality of life of patients. Traditional biomedical material curing processes usually need to be carried out in high temperature environments, which not only increases production costs, but may also lead to stress concentrations within the material, affecting its biocompatibility. To this end, the researchers developed a TDC based on an enzyme catalyst for biodegradationFast curing of the solution material at low temperature.

The main component of this catalyst is catalase/chitosan composite material, with an activation temperature of 40-60°C, which can be activated rapidly at lower temperatures, and promote cross-linking reaction of biodegradable materials. Experimental results show that the implant cured using TDC can be cured in only 40 minutes at 50°C, and the cured material has excellent biocompatibility and degradation properties. Compared with traditional curing processes, the application of TDC not only shortens curing time and reduces energy consumption, but also significantly improves the safety and reliability of the implant. In addition, the low-temperature curing characteristics of TDC also avoid the damage to the material structure by high temperature and extend the service life of the implant.

The market prospects and challenges of thermally sensitive delay catalysts

With the growing global demand for energy-saving, environmentally friendly and efficient production, the application prospects of thermally sensitive delay catalysts (TDCs) in the field of rapid curing of low temperatures are very broad. According to the forecast of market research institutions, in the next five years, the market demand for TDC will grow at an average annual rate of more than 10%, especially in the fields of aerospace, automobile manufacturing, electronic packaging, construction, etc., the application of TDC will gradually replace traditional catalysts. , becoming the mainstream choice.

1. Growth trend of market demand

At present, the global TDC market is mainly concentrated in North America, Europe and Asia-Pacific. As the center of global manufacturing, North America and Europe have a huge demand for high-performance materials, especially in aerospace, automobile manufacturing and other industries. The application of TDC has been widely recognized. As a large emerging market in the world, the Asia-Pacific region is growing rapidly with the rapid development of China’s economy and the accelerated industrialization process in countries such as India and Southeast Asia, and TDC demand is also growing rapidly. It is estimated that by 2025, the TDC market share in the Asia-Pacific region will exceed 50%, becoming a global market.

2. Technological innovation and product upgrade

Although TDC has shown great potential in the field of fast curing in low temperatures, its technology is still in a period of continuous development. In the future, TDC’s technological innovation will mainly focus on the following aspects:

  • Precise control of activation temperature: How to further reduce the activation temperature of TDC while maintaining its efficient catalytic performance is one of the key points of current research. Researchers are exploring novel organometallic catalysts, ionic liquid catalysts, and microencapsulation catalysts to achieve lower activation temperatures and faster reaction rates.

  • Catalytic Regeneration and Recycling: The problem of TDC inactivation is one of the main bottlenecks that restrict its widespread application. Developing renewable TDCs, extending their service life and reducing production costs will be an important direction for future research. Researchers are exploring the regeneration of TDCs through physical or chemical methods, such as heating, solvent treatment,Ion exchange, etc., to realize the recycling of the catalyst.

  • Hyperphase Catalysis and Synergistic Effects: In order to improve the catalytic efficiency of TDC, researchers are exploring the application of heterogeneous catalysis and synergistic effects. By combining TDC with other types of catalysts (such as photocatalysts, enzyme catalysts, etc.), the curing speed can be significantly improved, the reaction time can be shortened, and the amount of catalyst can be reduced, which has important application prospects.

3. Policy support and environmental protection requirements

As the global emphasis on environmental protection continues to increase, governments of various countries have issued relevant policies to encourage enterprises to adopt green and environmentally friendly production processes and technologies. As a low-temperature rapid curing technology, TDC can significantly reduce energy consumption and reduce the emission of harmful gases, and meet environmental protection requirements, so it has received strong support from the government. For example, the EU’s Registration, Evaluation, Authorization and Restriction Regulations for Chemicals (REACH) clearly stipulates that enterprises should give priority to low-toxic and low-volatility catalysts to reduce their impact on the environment. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has also introduced a number of policies to encourage companies to adopt green chemistry technology to promote sustainable development.

4. Challenges

Although TDC has shown great potential in the field of fast low-temperature curing, its promotion and application still faces some challenges:

  • Cost Issues: The R&D and production costs of TDC are relatively high, especially in high-end applications, such as aerospace, electronic packaging, etc., TDC’s price is often higher than that of traditional catalysts. How to reduce the production cost of TDC and improve its cost-effectiveness is the key to promoting TDC applications.

  • Technical barriers: TDC has a high technical threshold, especially in terms of activation temperature, reaction rate, catalyst regeneration, etc., there are still many technical problems. How to break through these technical barriers and develop more efficient and stable TDCs is the focus of current research.

  • Market awareness: Although TDC has shown huge advantages in the field of rapid low-temperature curing, its awareness of it is still low in the market, and many companies have applied and economic benefits to it. Lack of in-depth understanding. How to improve market awareness and promote the application of TDC is the key to future development.

The future development direction of thermally sensitive delay catalyst

With the continuous development of materials science and catalytic technology, thermally sensitive delay catalysts (TDCs) are expected to make more breakthroughs in the future and further expand their application areas. The following are several important directions for TDC’s future development:

1. Design and design of new catalystsSynthesis

In the future, researchers will continue to work on developing new TDCs to meet the needs of different application scenarios. For example, by introducing new carriers such as nanomaterials, metal organic frames (MOFs), covalent organic frames (COFs), etc., the catalytic efficiency and stability of TDC can be significantly improved. In addition, the researchers will also explore new organometallic catalysts, ionic liquid catalysts, and microencapsulation catalysts to achieve lower activation temperatures and faster reaction rates. Especially for materials that need to work in extreme environments, such as high temperature, high pressure, corrosive media, etc., the development of TDCs with special properties will become the focus of future research.

2. Intelligent and adaptive catalysis

Intelligent and adaptive catalysis are one of the important directions for the future development of TDC. By introducing smart materials and sensing technology, TDC can be adaptive and automatically adjust its catalytic performance according to different environmental conditions. For example, researchers are developing a shape memory alloy-based TDC that can automatically adjust its geometry when temperature changes, thereby changing the catalyst’s active site distribution and achieving precise control of the reaction rate. In addition, the researchers are also exploring the introduction of nanosensors to monitor the catalytic state of TDC in real time and adjust the reaction conditions in a timely manner to ensure the efficient progress of the curing process.

3. Green Chemistry and Sustainable Development

As the global emphasis on environmental protection continues to increase, green chemistry and sustainable development have become an inevitable trend in the future development of TDC. In the future, TDC will pay more attention to environmental protection and renewability, and adopt non-toxic and harmless raw materials and processes to reduce the impact on the environment. For example, researchers are developing TDCs based on natural plant extracts, such as lignin, cellulose, etc. These natural materials not only have good catalytic properties, but also achieve complete degradation, meeting the requirements of green chemistry. In addition, researchers are also exploring the preparation of TDC through biomass resources, such as using discarded crop straw, fruit peels, etc. to prepare catalysts, which not only realizes the recycling of resources, but also reduces production costs.

4. Multifunctional integrated catalyst

The future TDC will not only be limited to a single catalytic function, but will develop towards the direction of multifunctional integration. By combining TDC with other functional materials, it can be given more application value. For example, researchers are developing a TDC that integrates catalysis, conductivity, antibacterial, self-healing and other functions, which can simultaneously achieve material strengthening, conductivity, antibacterial and other functions during the curing process. In addition, researchers are also exploring the combination of TDC with smart materials to develop composite materials with self-healing capabilities that can automatically repair after damage and extend the service life of the material.

5. Industrial application and large-scale production

Although TDC has shown great potential in the laboratory, it is still necessary to achieve its large-scale industrial application.Overcome many technical and economic challenges. In the future, researchers will focus on solving the problems of TDC’s large-scale production and cost control, and promote its wide application in more fields. For example, by optimizing the synthesis process and improving the recovery and regeneration of catalysts, the production cost of TDC can be significantly reduced and its market competitiveness can be improved. In addition, researchers will also explore the application of TDC on large-scale production lines and develop continuous production equipment suitable for industrial production to improve production efficiency and reduce energy consumption.

Conclusion

To sum up, as a new catalytic technology, thermis-sensitive delay catalyst (TDC) has shown great potential and application prospects in the field of fast curing in low temperatures. Its unique temperature response mechanism, controllable activation temperature, efficient catalytic performance and wide applicability have made it widely used in aerospace, automobile manufacturing, electronic packaging, construction and other fields. In the future, with the continuous development of materials science and catalytic technology, TDC will be used in the design and synthesis of new catalysts, intelligent and adaptive catalysis, green chemistry and sustainable development, multifunctional integrated catalysts, industrial application and large-scale production, etc. More breakthroughs have been made in the field, further expand its application areas, and promote the sustainable development of related industries.

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