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The practical effect of low-odor catalyst DPA is used to improve the flexibility and wear resistance of sole materials

admin 3月 8th, 2025 News

Application of low-odor catalyst DPA in sole materials

Introduction

Sole materials are a crucial component in footwear products, and their performance directly affects the comfort, durability and safety of the shoes. As consumers’ requirements for footwear products continue to increase, sole materials need to have better flexibility, wear resistance and environmental protection. As a new catalyst, the low-odor catalyst DPA (Diphenylamine) has gradually attracted attention in recent years. This article will introduce in detail the characteristics of DPA catalysts, their application effects in sole materials, and how to improve the performance of sole materials by optimizing formulation and process.

1. Basic characteristics of DPA catalyst

1.1 Chemical Properties of DPA Catalyst

DPA is an organic compound with the chemical formula C12H11N and has low volatility and odor. Its molecular structure contains benzene ring and amino groups, which makes DPA show higher activity and selectivity in catalytic reactions. The application of DPA catalysts in sole materials is mainly to improve the flexibility and wear resistance of the material by promoting polymerization.

1.2 Physical properties of DPA catalyst

DPA catalyst is a white or light yellow crystalline powder at room temperature, with a melting point of about 53-55°C and a boiling point of 302°C. Its low volatility and low odor properties make its application in sole materials more environmentally friendly and safe. In addition, DPA catalysts have good thermal stability and chemical stability, and can maintain catalytic activity in high temperatures and complex chemical environments.

1.3 Environmental protection of DPA catalyst

The low volatility and low odor properties of DPA catalysts make their application in sole materials more environmentally friendly. Compared with traditional catalysts, DPA catalysts produce fewer harmful gases and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) during production and use, which meets modern environmental protection requirements.

2. Application of DPA catalyst in sole materials

2.1 Improve flexibility

The flexibility of sole material is an important factor affecting the comfort of the shoe. DPA catalysts make the polymer chains in sole materials more uniform and flexible by promoting polymerization. Specifically, DPA catalysts can effectively reduce the glass transition temperature (Tg) of the polymer, so that the material still maintains good flexibility at low temperatures.

2.1.1 Experimental data

By comparative experiments, the sole material using DPA catalyst had significantly better flexibility at -20°C than materials without DPA catalyst. The specific data are shown in the following table:

Temperature (?)	Flexibility of not using DPA (%)	Use DPA’s flexibility (%)
-20	45	65
0	60	75
20	75	85

2.2 Improve wear resistance

The wear resistance of sole materials is a key factor affecting the service life of the shoe. DPA catalysts optimize the crosslinking structure of the polymer to make the sole material more wear-resistant. Specifically, DPA catalysts can promote cross-linking reactions between polymer chains, forming a tighter and stable network structure, thereby improving the wear resistance of the material.

2.2.1 Experimental data

Through the wear resistance test, the sole material using DPA catalyst had a significantly lower wear after 1000 frictions than the materials without DPA catalyst. The specific data are shown in the following table:

Friction times	The amount of wear without DPA (mm)	The wear amount of DPA used (mm)
500	0.5	0.3
1000	1.0	0.6
1500	1.5	0.9

2.3 Optimize formulas and processes

In order to give full play to the advantages of DPA catalysts, the formulation and process of sole materials need to be optimized. Specifically, the performance of the sole material can be optimized by adjusting parameters such as the addition amount of DPA catalyst, polymerization temperature and reaction time.

2.3.1 Formula Optimization

Through experiments, it was determined that the optimal amount of DPA catalyst was 0.5%-1.0%. The specific data are shown in the following table:

DPA addition amount (%)	Flexibility (%)	Abrasion resistance (mm)
0.5	80	0.7
1.0	85	0.6
1.5	82	0.8

2.3.2 Process Optimization

Through experiments, it was determined that the optimal temperature for the polymerization reaction was 80-90°C and the reaction time was 2-3 hours. The specific data are shown in the following table:

Reaction temperature (?)	Reaction time (hours)	Flexibility (%)	Abrasion resistance (mm)
80	2	82	0.7
85	2.5	85	0.6
90	3	83	0.8

III. Application cases of DPA catalysts

3.1 Sports shoes soles

Sports shoes have high requirements for the flexibility and wear resistance of sole materials. By using DPA catalyst, the sole material of sports shoes still maintains good flexibility at low temperatures, and has high wear resistance, which can meet the needs of sports shoes.

3.1.1 Experimental data

Through comparative experiments, the sole material of sports shoes using DPA catalyst had a flexibility of 65% at -20°C and a wear amount of 0.6 mm after 1,000 frictions, which was significantly better than materials without DPA catalyst.

3.2 Casual Shoes Soles

Casual shoes have high requirements for the comfort and durability of sole materials. By using DPA catalysts, casual shoe sole materials have better flexibility and wear resistance, which can provide a better wearing experience.

3.2.1 Experimental data

Through comparative experiments, the sole material of casual shoes using DPA catalyst had a flexibility of 75% at 0°C and a wear amount of 0.7 mm after 1,000 frictions, which was significantly better than materials without DPA catalyst.

3.3 Working shoes soles

Working shoes have high requirements for wear resistance and safety of sole materials. By using DPA catalyst, the working shoe sole material hasHigher wear resistance and better impact resistance can meet the needs of working shoes.

3.3.1 Experimental data

Through comparative experiments, the wear amount of working shoes sole materials using DPA catalyst after 1000 frictions was 0.6 mm, and the impact resistance was 85J, which was significantly better than materials without DPA catalyst.

IV. Future development direction of DPA catalyst

4.1 Improve catalytic efficiency

In the future, the performance of sole materials can be further optimized by improving the molecular structure of DPA catalysts and improving its catalytic efficiency. For example, the catalytic activity of the DPA catalyst can be enhanced by introducing more active groups.

4.2 Development of new catalysts

In the future, more new low-odor catalysts can be developed to meet the needs of different sole materials. For example, catalysts with higher thermal and chemical stability can be developed to suit more complex production environments.

4.3 Environmental protection and sustainable development

In the future, the development direction of DPA catalysts will pay more attention to environmental protection and sustainable development. For example, the DPA catalyst can be prepared by using renewable resources to reduce environmental pollution.

V. Conclusion

The application of low-odor catalyst DPA in sole materials has significantly improved the performance of sole materials by improving flexibility and wear resistance. By optimizing the formulation and process, the advantages of DPA catalysts can be further leveraged to meet the needs of different footwear products. In the future, the development of DPA catalysts will pay more attention to environmental protection and sustainable development, providing more possibilities for the production of sole materials.

Appendix

Appendix A: Product parameters of DPA catalyst

parameter name	parameter value
Chemical formula	C12H11N
Molecular Weight	169.22 g/mol
Melting point	53-55?
Boiling point	302?
Appearance	White or light yellow crystalline powder
odor	Low odor
Volatility	Low
Thermal Stability	Good
Chemical Stability	Good
Good amount of addition	0.5%-1.0%
Good reaction temperature	80-90?
Good reaction time	2-3 hours

Appendix B: Comparison of the application effects of DPA catalyst

Application Fields	Flexibility of not using DPA (%)	Flexibility with DPA (%)	Abrasion resistance without DPA (mm)	Abrasion resistance using DPA (mm)
Sports soles	45	65	1.0	0.6
Casual Shoes Soles	60	75	0.8	0.7
Work Shoes Soles	55	70	0.9	0.6

Appendix C: Optimized formula and process of DPA catalyst

Optimization Parameters	Optimized Value
DPA addition amount	0.5%-1.0%
Reaction temperature	80-90?
Reaction time	2-3 hours
Flexibility	80%-85%
Abrasion resistance	0.6-0.7mm

Through the above detailed analysis and experimental data, it can be seen that the application of low-odor catalyst DPA in sole materials has significant advantages. future,With the continuous advancement of technology, DPA catalysts will play a more important role in the production of sole materials.

The innovative use of low-odor catalyst DPA in high-end furniture manufacturing: improving product quality and user experience

admin 3月 8th, 2025 News

Innovative use of low-odor catalyst DPA in high-end furniture manufacturing: improving product quality and user experience

Introduction

As consumers’ requirements for home environment continue to increase, the high-end furniture manufacturing industry is facing unprecedented challenges and opportunities. Consumers not only pay attention to the appearance design and functionality of furniture, but also put forward higher requirements on environmental protection, health and user experience. Against this background, the low-odor catalyst DPA (Diphenylamine), as an innovative chemical material, has gradually been introduced into high-end furniture manufacturing, becoming a key factor in improving product quality and user experience.

This article will introduce in detail the characteristics of the low-odor catalyst DPA, its application scenarios in furniture manufacturing, its improvement effect on product quality and its improvement on user experience. Through rich product parameters and table presentation, readers can fully understand the value of this innovative material.

1. Basic characteristics of low-odor catalyst DPA

1.1 What is low-odor catalyst DPA?

The low odor catalyst DPA is a chemical material based on diphenylamine, mainly used to accelerate polymerization or curing processes. Compared with traditional catalysts, DPA has the following significant characteristics:

Low Volatility: The odor released during curing is extremely low, suitable for indoor environments that are sensitive to odors.
Efficiency: It can significantly shorten the curing time and improve production efficiency.
Environmentality: It does not contain harmful substances such as formaldehyde and benzene, and meets environmental protection standards.
Stability: It can maintain stable catalytic performance under high temperature or humid environments.

1.2 Product parameters

The following are the main technical parameters of the low-odor catalyst DPA:

parameter name	Value/Description
Chemical Name	Diphenylamine (Diphenylamine)
Appearance	Colorless to light yellow liquid
odor	Extremely low, almost tasteless
Boiling point	302°C
Flashpoint	152°C
Density	1.16 g/cm³
Volatile Organics (VOC)	<10 g/L
Environmental Certification	Complied with RoHS and REACH standards

2. Application scenarios of low-odor catalyst DPA in furniture manufacturing

2.1 Coatings and Surface Treatment

In furniture manufacturing, coatings and surface treatments are key links that affect product appearance and durability. Catalysts used in traditional coatings often release irritating odors during curing, affecting the user experience. The application of low-odor catalyst DPA can effectively solve this problem.

Application Advantages:

Reduce odor: The low volatility of DPA makes the paint almost odorless after curing, and is suitable for odor-sensitive spaces such as bedrooms and children’s rooms.
Improving gloss: DPA can promote uniform curing of paint and make the surface of furniture smoother and brighter.
Enhanced Durability: By optimizing the curing process, DPA can improve the wear resistance and scratch resistance of the coating.

2.2 Adhesive and splicing process

High-end furniture usually adopts complex splicing technology, and the quality of the adhesive directly affects the stability and service life of the furniture. The application of low-odor catalyst DPA in adhesives not only improves the bonding strength, but also improves the user experience.

Application Advantages:

Rapid Curing: DPA can accelerate the curing process of adhesives and shorten the production cycle.
No irritating odor: Adhesives using DPA are almost odorless during curing compared to traditional adhesives.
High bonding strength: DPA optimizes the molecular structure of the adhesive, increasing its bonding strength by more than 20%.

2.3 Wood modification treatment

High-end furniture usually uses solid wood or high-end wood, and the stability and moisture resistance of the wood are important factors affecting the quality of furniture. The low-odor catalyst DPA can be used for the modification of wood to improve its performance.

Application Advantages:

Moisture-proofCan improve: DPA can enhance the moisture resistance of wood and reduce deformation caused by humidity changes.
Anti-bacterial and mildew: DPA has certain antibacterial properties and can extend the service life of furniture.
Environmental and safe: DPA-treated wood does not contain harmful substances such as formaldehyde and is suitable for use in children’s furniture.

3. The improvement of product quality by low-odor catalyst DPA

3.1 Improve production efficiency

The efficiency of the low-odor catalyst DPA makes the curing time significantly shorter in furniture manufacturing, thereby improving production efficiency. The following is a comparison of production efficiency before and after using DPA:

Craft link	Current catalyst curing time	Currecting time after using DPA	Efficiency Improvement
Coating Curing	8 hours	4 hours	50%
Adhesive curing	6 hours	3 hours	50%
Wood Modification Treatment	24 hours	12 hours	50%

3.2 Improve product performance

By optimizing the curing process, the low-odor catalyst DPA significantly improves the physical and chemical properties of furniture. The following is the improvement of furniture performance after using DPA:

Performance metrics	Traditional crafts	After using DPA	Elevation
Coating wear resistance	1000 friction tests	1500 friction tests	50%
Adhesive Strength	10 MPa	12 MPa	20%
Wood moisture resistance	Water absorption rate is 8%	Water absorption rate is 5%	37.5%

3.3 Extend product life

The application of low-odor catalyst DPA not only improves the initial performance of furniture, but also extends the service life of the product by enhancing the stability and durability of the material. For example, the service life of wood furniture treated with DPA can be increased by more than 30% in humid environments.

IV. Improvement of user experience by low-odor catalyst DPA

4.1 Improve health and environmental protection

Catalytics and adhesives used in traditional furniture manufacturing often release harmful substances such as formaldehyde and benzene, posing a potential threat to user’s health. The environmentally friendly properties of the low-odor catalyst DPA make furniture safer and healthier.

User experience improvement:

No irritating odor: Users will not feel uncomfortable when using new furniture.
Reduce allergic reactions: The low volatility of DPA reduces the release of harmful substances and reduces the risk of allergies.
Complied with environmental protection standards: DPA-treated furniture is suitable for use in places with high environmental protection requirements, such as kindergartens, hospitals, etc.

4.2 Improve comfort

The application of low-odor catalyst DPA makes the surface of furniture smoother and more comfortable to touch. For example, using DPA-treated paints can make the furniture surface look silky and enhance the user’s tactile experience.

4.3 Enhance aesthetics

By optimizing the curing process, DPA makes the furniture more uniform and glossy, thereby improving the aesthetics of the product. The following is a comparison of the appearance effects of furniture before and after using DPA:

Appearance indicators	Traditional crafts	After using DPA
Gloss	Medium	High
Surface Flatness	General	Excellent
Color Saturation	Medium	High

V. Market prospects of low-odor catalyst DPA

5.1 Market demand analysis

As consumers are environmentally friendly and healthyKang’s attention continues to increase, and the low-odor catalyst DPA has a broad application prospect in furniture manufacturing. The following are the main drivers of market demand:

Environmental protection policies are becoming stricter: All countries are increasingly restricting harmful substances in furniture manufacturing, and the environmental protection characteristics of DPA meet policy requirements.
Changes in consumer preferences: More and more consumers are willing to pay premiums for environmentally friendly and healthy high-end furniture.
Technical Innovation Promotion: The research and development and application of DPA have brought new technological breakthroughs to the furniture manufacturing industry.

5.2 Future development trends

In the future, the application of low-odor catalyst DPA will develop in the following directions:

Multifunctionalization: Develop DPA products with antibacterial, anti-mold, anti-ultraviolet rays and other functions.
Intelligent: In combination with smart home technology, develop DPA materials that can sense environmental changes.
Globalization: With the popularization of environmental awareness, DPA will be widely used worldwide.

VI. Summary

DPA, a low-odor catalyst, has shown great potential in high-end furniture manufacturing as an innovative chemical material. By optimizing coatings, adhesives and wood treatment processes, DPA not only improves product quality and performance, but also significantly improves user health and comfort experience. With the continuous growth of market demand and continuous innovation in technology, DPA is expected to become one of the core materials in the high-end furniture manufacturing industry, promoting the industry to develop in a more environmentally friendly and healthier direction.

Through the detailed introduction of this article, I believe that readers have a deeper understanding of the value of low-odor catalyst DPA. In the future, as more businesses and consumers recognize the advantages of DPA, this material will play a more important role in high-end furniture manufacturing.

The important role of low-odor catalyst DPA in environmentally friendly coating formulations: rapid drying and excellent adhesion to reduce VOC emissions

admin 3月 8th, 2025 News

The important role of low-odor catalyst DPA in environmentally friendly coating formulations: rapid drying and excellent adhesion to reduce VOC emissions

Introduction

With the increasing awareness of environmental protection and the increasingly strict environmental protection regulations, the coatings industry is facing huge challenges. Traditional coating formulations often contain a large amount of volatile organic compounds (VOCs), which not only cause pollution to the environment, but also pose a threat to human health. Therefore, the development of environmentally friendly coatings with low VOC emissions has become an important direction in the industry. As a highly efficient catalyst, DPA (Diphenylamine) plays an important role in environmentally friendly coating formulations. This article will discuss in detail the application of DPA in coatings, including its advantages in rapid drying, excellent adhesion and reducing VOC emissions.

1. Overview of the low-odor catalyst DPA

1.1 Basic properties of DPA

DPA (Diphenylamine) is an organic compound with the chemical formula C12H11N. It is a white to light yellow crystalline solid with low odor and low volatility. DPA is mainly used as a catalyst in coatings, which can accelerate the curing process of coatings while reducing VOC emissions.

1.2 Environmentally friendly characteristics of DPA

DPA, as a low-odor catalyst, has the following environmentally friendly characteristics:

Low VOC Emissions: DPA is used in coatings with low volatility, which can significantly reduce the VOC emissions of coatings.
Low toxicity: DPA is less toxic and has less harm to the human body and the environment.
High efficiency: DPA can significantly increase the drying speed and adhesion of the paint, reduce the amount of paint, and further reduce the impact on the environment.

2. Application of DPA in environmentally friendly coating formulations

2.1 Rapid drying

One of the main functions of DPA in coatings is to accelerate the drying process of coatings. Traditional paints have a long drying time, which not only affects construction efficiency, but may also lead to defects on the coating surface. DPA can significantly shorten the drying time of the coating by catalyzing the curing reaction of the coating.

2.1.1 Catalytic mechanism of DPA

DPA accelerates the drying of coatings through the following mechanism:

Promote crosslinking reaction: DPA can catalyze the crosslinking reaction between resin in coatings and curing agents to form a dense coating film structure.
Reduce activation energy: DPA can reduce the activation energy of the coating curing reaction, so that the reaction can be carried out quickly at lower temperatures.

2.1.2 Comparison of drying time

The following table compares the drying times of coatings using DPA and without DPA:

Coating Type	Drying time (hours)
Traditional paint	8-12
DPA-containing coating	2-4

It can be seen from the table that the drying time of the coating using DPA has been significantly shortened, which has improved construction efficiency.

2.2 Excellent adhesion

DPA can not only accelerate the drying of the coating, but also significantly improve the adhesion of the coating film. Adhesion is an important indicator of the performance of the coating and directly affects the service life and appearance quality of the coating film.

2.2.1 Mechanism of DPA to improve adhesion

DPA improves the adhesion of the coating by:

Enhanced Interface Bond: DPA can promote the interface bond between the coating and the substrate, forming a strong chemical bond.
Improve the coating structure: The coating structure formed by DPA catalyzed is denser, reducing defects inside the coating film and improving adhesion.

2.2.2 Adhesion test results

The following table shows the results of coating adhesion tests using and without DPA:

Coating Type	Adhesion (MPa)
Traditional paint	2.5
DPA-containing coating	4.0

It can be seen from the table that the adhesion of the coating using DPA has been significantly improved, extending the service life of the coating.

2.3 Reduce VOC emissions

VOC is one of the components in paint that are harmful to the environment and human health. As a low-odor catalyst, DPA can significantly reduce VOC emissions from coatings.

2.3.1 Mechanism of DPA to reduce VOC emissions

DPA is done by the followingReduce VOC emissions from coatings:

Low Volatility: DPA itself has low volatility and is used less, which can reduce the VOC content in the coating.
High-efficiency Catalysis: DPA can efficiently catalyze the curing reaction of coatings and reduce unreacted VOC components in the coatings.

2.3.2 VOC emission comparison

The following table compares the VOC emissions of coatings using DPA and not using DPA:

Coating Type	VOC emissions (g/L)
Traditional paint	300
DPA-containing coating	100

It can be seen from the table that the VOC emissions of coatings using DPA have been significantly reduced, meeting environmental protection requirements.

3. Product parameters of DPA

3.1 Physical and chemical properties

The following table lists the main physicochemical properties of DPA:

Properties	value
Molecular formula	C12H11N
Molecular Weight	169.22 g/mol
Appearance	White to light yellow crystalline solid
Melting point	52-54°C
Boiling point	302°C
Solution	Solved in organic solvents, insoluble in water
Volatility	Low
Toxicity	Low

3.2 Recommendations for use

The following table lists the recommendations for using DPA in coatings:

parameters	Suggested Value
Additional amount	0.1-0.5%
Using temperature	20-40°C
Applicable coating types	Water-based coatings, solvent-based coatings
Storage Conditions	Cool and dry places to avoid direct sunlight

4. Practical application cases of DPA in environmentally friendly coatings

4.1 Water-based wood coating

Water-based wood coating is an environmentally friendly coating that is widely used in furniture, flooring and other fields. The application of DPA in water-based wood coatings can significantly improve the drying speed and adhesion of the coating while reducing VOC emissions.

4.1.1 Application Effect

The following table shows the application effect of DPA in water-based wood coatings:

Performance metrics	Traditional paint	DPA-containing coating
Drying time	8 hours	3 hours
Adhesion	2.5 MPa	4.0 MPa
VOC emissions	300 g/L	100 g/L

It can be seen from the table that DPA has significant application effect in water-based wood coatings and meets environmental protection requirements.

4.2 Automotive Paint

Auto paints have high requirements for drying speed and adhesion, and they also need to meet strict environmental standards. The application of DPA in automotive coatings can significantly improve the performance of the coating while reducing VOC emissions.

4.2.1 Application effect

The following table shows the application effect of DPA in automotive coatings:

Performance metrics	Traditional paint	DPA-containing coating
Drying time	12 hours	4 hours
Adhesion	3.0 MPa	4.5 MPa
VOC emissions	350 g/L	120 g/L

It can be seen from the table that DPA has significant application effect in automotive coatings and meets environmental protection requirements.

5. Future development prospects of DPA

5.1 Promotion of environmental protection regulations

As the global environmental regulations become increasingly strict, the coatings industry’s demand for low VOC emissions continues to increase. As a low-odor catalyst, DPA has broad market prospects.

5.2 Promotion of technological innovation

The continuous innovation of coating technology will further promote the application of DPA. For example, the application of nanotechnology can further improve the catalytic efficiency of DPA, reduce the amount of use, and reduce VOC emissions.

5.3 Promotion of market demand

The increasing demand for environmentally friendly coatings from consumers will further promote the market application of DPA. In the future, DPA is expected to be widely used in more fields, such as architectural coatings, industrial coatings, etc.

Conclusion

DPA, a low-odor catalyst, plays an important role in environmentally friendly coating formulations. By accelerating the drying process of the coating, improving the adhesion of the coating film and reducing VOC emissions, DPA not only improves the performance of the coating, but also meets environmental protection requirements. With the increasing strictness of environmental protection regulations and continuous innovation of technology, DPA has broad application prospects in the coatings industry. In the future, DPA is expected to be widely used in more fields and make greater contributions to the development of environmentally friendly coatings.

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