1-butanol

1-butanol structural formula

Structural formula

Business number 01GF
Molecular formula C4H10O
Molecular weight 74.12
label

Propanol,

Butanol,

n-butanol,

Chromium alcohol,

n-Butyl alcohol,

Butyl hydroxide,

Butyl alcohol,

Aliphatic alcohols, ethers and their derivatives,

Raw materials and intermediates used in ink

Numbering system

CAS number:71-36-3

MDL number:MFCD00002964

EINECS number:200-751-6

RTECS number:EO1400000

BRN number:969148

PubChem number:24892030

Physical property data

1. Properties: colorless and transparent liquid with special smell. [1]

2. Melting point (?): -89.8[2]

3. Boiling point (?): 117.7[3]

4. Relative density (water = 1): 0.81[4]

5. Relative vapor Density (air=1): 2.55[5]

6. Saturated vapor pressure (kPa): 0.73 (20?)[6]

7. Heat of combustion (kJ/mol): -2673.2[7]

8. Critical temperature (?): 289.85[8]

9. Critical pressure (MPa): 4.414[9]

10. Octanol/water partition coefficient: 0.88 [10]

11. Flash point (?): 29[11]

12. Ignition temperature (?): 355 ~365[12]

13. Explosion upper limit (%): 11.3[13]

14. Explosion lower limit ( %): 1.4[14]

15. Solubility: Slightly soluble in water, soluble in most organic solvents such as ethanol and ether. [15]

16. Viscosity (mPa·s, 20ºC): 2.95

17. Heat of evaporation (KJ/mol): 43.86

18. Heat of fusion (KJ/kg): 125.2

19. Heat of formation (KJ/mol): -246.67

20. Specific heat capacity (KJ/(kg· K), 20ºC, constant pressure): 2.33

21. Electrical conductivity (S/m): 9.12×10-9

22. Thermal conductivity Ratio (W/(m·K), 20ºC): 16.75

23. Solubility (%, water, 20ºC): 7.8

24. Volume expansion coefficient (K -1, 20ºC): 0.00095

25. Relative density (20?, 4?): 0.8097

26. Relative density (25?, 4?): 0.8060

27. Refractive index at room temperature (n25): 1.3971

28. Critical density (g·cm-3 ): 0.271

29. Critical volume (cm3·mol-1): 274

30. Critical compression factor : 0.258

31. Eccentricity factor: 0.595

32. Lennard-Jones parameter (A): 14.00

33. Lennard-Jones parameter (K): 156.3

34. Solubility parameter (J·cm-3)0.5: 23.289

35. van der Waals area (cm2·mol-1): 7.620×109

36. van der Waals volume (cm3·mol-1): 52.400

37. Gas phase standard combustion heat (enthalpy) (kJ·mol-1 ): 2728.22

38. The gas phase standard claims heat (enthalpy) (kJ·mol-1): -274.97

39. Gas phase standard entropy (J·mol-1·K-1): 361.59

40. Gas phase standard formation free energy (kJ·mol-1): -150.0

41. Gas phase standard hot melt (J·mol-1 sup>·K-1): 108.03

42. Liquid phase standard combustion heat (enthalpy) (kJ·mol-1): -2675.88

43. Liquid phase standard claims heat (enthalpy) (kJ·mol-1): -327.31

44. Liquid phase standard entropy (J· mol-1·K-1): 226.4

45. Liquid phase standard formation free energy (kJ·mol-1): -162.72

46. Liquid phase standard hot melt (J·mol-1·K-1): 176.7

Toxicological data

1. Acute toxicity[16]

LD50: 790mg/kg (rat oral); 100mg/kg (mouse oral Oral); 3484mg/kg (rabbit oral); 3400mg/kg (rabbit transdermal)

LC50: 8000ppm (rat inhalation, 4h)

2. Stimulation Sex [17]

Rabbit transdermal: 405mg (24h), moderate irritation.

Rabbit eye: 2 mg, severe irritation.

3. Subacute and chronic toxicity[18] Rats and mice inhaled 0.8mg/m3, 24 hours a week, 4 months, abnormal liver and kidney function.

Ecological data

1. Ecotoxicity[19]

LC50: 1910~1950mg/L (96h) (fathead minnow)

EC50: 2337mg/L (24h), 1983mg/L (48h) (water flea)

IC50: 650mg/ L (72h) (algae)

2. Biodegradability[20]

Aerobic biodegradation (h) : 24~168

Anaerobic biodegradation (h): 96~1296

3. Non-biodegradability [21]

The half-life of photooxidation in water (h): 2602~1.04×105

The half-life of photooxidation in air (h): 8.8~87.7

Molecular structure data

1. Molar refractive index: 22.11

2. Molar volume (cm3/mol): 92.0

3. Isotonic specific volume (90.2K ): 208.0

4. Surface tension (dyne/cm): 26.0

5. Polarizability (10-24cm3): 8.76

Compute chemical data

1. Reference value for hydrophobic parameter calculation (XlogP): None

2. Number of hydrogen bond donors: 1

3. Number of hydrogen bond acceptors: 1

4. Number of rotatable chemical bonds: 2

5. Number of tautomers: none

6. Topological molecule polar surface area 20.2

7. Number of heavy atoms: 5

8. Surface charge: 0

9. Complexity: 13.1

10. Number of isotope atoms: 0

11. Determine the number of atomic stereocenters: 0

12. Uncertain number of atomic stereocenters: 0

13. Determine the number of chemical bond stereocenters: 0

14. Number of uncertain chemical bond stereocenters: 0

15. Number of covalent bond units: 1

Properties and stability

1. It forms an azeotropic mixture with water and is miscible with ethanol, ether and other organic solvents. Soluble in alkaloids, camphor, dyes, rubber, ethyl cellulose, resinates (calcium salts, magnesium salts), grease, wax and a variety of natural and synthetic resins.

2. The chemical properties are the same as ethanol and propanol, and it has the chemical reactivity of primary alcohols.

3. Butanol is of low toxicity. The anesthetic effect is stronger than that of propanol, and repeated contact with the skin can cause bleeding and necrosis. It is about three times more toxic to humans than ethanol. Its vapor is irritating to eyes, nose and throat. Even if the concentration is 75.75mg/m3, people will feel unpleasant, but due to its high boiling point and low volatility, it is not dangerous except when used at high temperatures. The oral LD50 in rats is 4.36g/kg. The olfactory threshold concentration is 33.33 mg/m3. TJ 36-79 stipulates that the maximum allowable concentration in workshop air is 200 mg/m3.

4. Stability[22] Stable

5. Incompatible substances[23] Strong acid, acid chloride, acid anhydride, strong oxidizing agent

6. Polymerization hazard[24] No polymerization

Storage method

1. Packed in iron drums, 160kg or 200kg per drum. It should be stored in a dry and ventilated warehouse, the temperature should be kept below 35°C, and the warehouse should be fire-proof and explosion-proof. When loading, unloading and transporting, prevent violent impact and protect it from sun and rain. Store and transport according to regulations on flammable chemicals.

2. Storage precautions [25] Stored in a cool, ventilated warehouse. Keep away from fire and heat sources. The storage temperature should not exceed 37?. Keep container tightly sealed. They should be stored separately from oxidants, acids, etc., and avoid mixed storage. Use explosion-proof lighting and ventilation facilities. It is prohibited to use mechanical equipment and tools that are prone to sparks. The storage area should be equipped with emergency release equipment and suitable containment materials.

Synthesis method

1. Fermentation method Butanol used to be made from potatoes, grains or sugars as raw materials, and was obtained through hydrolysis and fermentation. The product obtained from the fermentation broth contains approximately 54.8% to 58.5% n-butanol, 30.9% to 33.7% acetone, and 7.8% to 14.2% ethanol. With the development of petrochemical industry, fermentation method is gradually eliminated. The reaction equation is as follows: (C6H10O5)n[n(H2O)]?[Strain]n-C6H12O6[Fermentation]?CH3 COCH3+C4H9OH+C2H5OH
The obtained fermentation broth is then fractionated to obtain acetone, ethanol and n-butanol respectively.

2. The acetaldehyde method uses acetaldehyde as the raw material and adds a dilute alkali solution. The temperature is below 20°C to obtain 2-hydroxybutyraldehyde. When the reaction reaches 50%, it is terminated. The alkali is neutralized with acid and recovered. Unreacted acetaldehyde is extracted from 2-hydroxybutyraldehyde at the bottom of the tower, and then dehydrated using acidic catalysts such as sulfuric acid and acetic acid at 105-137°C to produce crotonaldehyde, and then hydrogenated using a copper complex catalyst at 160-240°C to obtain crude butyraldehyde. Butanol and butyraldehyde are distilled to obtain finished products. CH3CH?CHCHO+H2[catalyst]CH3CH2CH2CHO+CH3CH2CH2CH2OH

3. The propylene carbonylation method uses propylene, carbon monoxide and hydrogen to react on a catalytic bed. The catalyst is zeolite adsorbed cobalt salt or fatty acid cobalt. The reaction temperature is 130~160°C and the reaction pressure is 20~25MPa. The reaction generates n-butyraldehyde and isobutyl aldehyde. Aldehyde is separated through distillation, and n-butyraldehyde is catalytically hydrogenated to obtain n-butanol.

4. The low-pressure method synthesizes butanol from propylene, carbon monoxide and water in one step. The reaction temperature is 100-104°C and the pressure is 1.5MPa. A mixture of pentacarbonyl iron, n-butylpyrrolidine and water is used. However, the single-pass conversion rate of propylene is low, only 8 %~10%. Reaction equation: CH3CH?CH2+3CO+2H2O?n-C4H 9OH+2CO2
Add acetaldehyde to a dilute alkali solution, react under normal pressure to generate 2-hydroxybutyraldehyde, neutralize the alkali, and then use sulfuric acid and acetic acid Wait for an acidic catalyst to decompose it to obtain crotonaldehyde; then use nickel-chromium as a catalyst and perform a hydrogenation reaction in the presence of excess hydrogen to obtain n-butanol.

5. In the fermentation method, raw materials such as grains, cereals, dried potatoes or molasses are crushed and water is added to make a fermentation liquid. It is sterilized by high-pressure steam and then cooled. Pure acetone-butanol strains are added. Fermented at 36~37?. The gas produced during fermentation contains carbon dioxide and hydrogen. The fermentation broth contains ethanol, butanol, and acetone, usually in a ratio of 6:3:1. After distillation, butanol, acetone and ethanol can be obtained respectively, or can be used directly as the total solvent without separation.

6. Acetaldehyde condensation method: Acetaldehyde is condensed through aldol to form butaldehyde, which is dehydrated to form crotonaldehyde, and then hydrogenated to obtain n-butanol.

7. Use industrial n-butanol as Raw materials, add newly calcined calcium oxide, heat and reflux for 4 hours, and filter out the calcium oxide. Add a metal magnesium strip to reflux, then distill under normal pressure, and collect the fraction between 116.5 and 118°C, which is the finished product.

Purpose

1. Mainly used to manufacture n-butyl ester plasticizers of phthalic acid, aliphatic dibasic acid and phosphoric acid, which are widely used in various plastics and rubber products. It is also a raw material for producing butyraldehyde, butyric acid, butylamine and butyl lactate in organic synthesis. It is also a dehydrating agent, anti-emulsifier, extractant for oils, drugs (such as antibiotics, hormones and vitamins) and spices, and an additive for alkyd resin coatings. It can also be used as a solvent and dewaxing agent for organic dyes and printing inks. As a solvent, it can be used to separate potassium perchlorate and sodium perchlorate, as well as sodium chloride and lithium chloride. Used to wash sodium uranyl zinc acetate precipitate. Arsenic acid was determined using the molybdate method in colorimetric determination. Determination of fat in milk. Medium for saponifying esters. Paraffin-embedded material was prepared for microscopic analysis. Used as a solvent for fats, waxes, resins, shellac, gums, etc. Cosolvent for nitrocellulose spray paint, etc.

2. Chromatographic analysis of standard materials. A solvent used for colorimetric determination of arsenic acid and separation of potassium, sodium, lithium and chlorate.

3. Used as analytical reagents, such as solvents and standard materials for chromatographic analysis. Also used in organic synthesis.

4. It is an important solvent and is widely used in the production of urea-formaldehyde resin, cellulose resin, alkyd resin and coatings. It can also be used as a commonly used inactive diluent in adhesives. It is also an important chemical raw material used in the production of plasticizer dibutyl phthalate, aliphatic dibasic acid esters, and phosphate esters. It is also used as a dehydrating agent, anti-emulsifier, extractant for oils, spices, antibiotics, hormones, vitamins, etc., an additive for alkyd resin paints, and a co-solvent for nitrocellulose spray paints.

5. Cosmetic solvents. It is mainly used as a co-solvent in cosmetics such as nail polish to cooperate with main solvents such as ethyl acetate to help dissolve colorants and adjust the evaporation speed and viscosity of the solvent. The addition amount is generally about 10%.

6. It can be used as a defoaming agent for ink preparation in silk screen printing.

7. Used in baked goods, puddings, and candies.

8. Used in the preparation of esters, plastic plasticizers, medicines, spray paints, and as solvents. [26]

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Cytosine

Cytosine structural formula

Structural formula

Business number 01GE
Molecular formula C4H5N3O
Molecular weight 111.1
label

4-amino-2-hydroxypyrimidine,

4-Amino-2(1H)pyrimidinone,

cytidine,

Cytoline,

cytosine,

Oxycytosine

Numbering system

CAS number:71-30-7

MDL number:MFCD00006034

EINECS number:200-749-5

RTECS number:UW7350150

BRN number:2637

PubChem ID:None

Physical property data

1. Properties: White flaky crystals. 2. Density (g/mL, 25/4?): 0.48

3. Relative vapor density (g/mL, air=1): Uncertain

4. Melting point (ºC):> 300

5. Boiling point (ºC, normal pressure): Uncertain

6. Boiling point (ºC, 5.2kPa): Uncertain

7. Refractive index : Uncertain

8. Flash point (ºC): Uncertain

9. Specific rotation (º): Uncertain

10. Autoignition point or Ignition temperature (ºC): Uncertain

11. Vapor pressure (kPa, 25ºC): Uncertain

12. Saturated vapor pressure (kPa, 60ºC): Uncertain

p>

13. Heat of combustion (KJ/mol): Uncertain

14. Critical temperature (ºC): Uncertain

15. Critical pressure (KPa): Uncertain Determine

16. The logarithmic value of the oil-water (octanol/water) partition coefficient: Uncertain

17. The upper limit of explosion (%, V/V): Uncertain

18. Lower explosion limit (%, V/V): Uncertain

19. Solubility: 100ml water dissolves 0.77g at 20°C. Slightly soluble in ethanol, insoluble in ether

Toxicological data

Acute toxicity: mouse abdominal LD50: >2222 mg/kg;

Ecological data

None

Molecular structure data

1. Molar refractive index: 27.30

2. Molar volume (cm3/mol): 71.5

3. Isotonic specific volume (90.2K ): 206.3

4. Surface tension (dyne/cm): 69.2

5. Polarizability (10-24cm3): 10.82

Compute chemical data

1. Reference value for hydrophobic parameter calculation (XlogP): None

2. Number of hydrogen bond donors: 2

3. Number of hydrogen bond acceptors: 2

4. Number of rotatable chemical bonds: 0

5. Number of tautomers: 9

6. Topological molecule polar surface area 67.5

7. Number of heavy atoms: 8

8. Surface charge: 0

9. Complexity: 170

10. Number of isotope atoms: 0

11. Number of determined atomic stereocenters: 0

12. Number of uncertain atomic stereocenters: 0

13. Determine the number of stereocenters of chemical bonds: 0

14. Uncertain number of stereocenters of chemical bonds: 0

15. Number of covalent bond units: 1

Properties and stability

None

Storage method

This product should be stored in a sealed, cool, dry and dark place.

Synthesis method

It can be synthesized from dimercaptouracil, concentrated ammonia and chloroacetic acid as raw materials.

Purpose

For biochemical research. Both cytosine nucleoside and cytosine nucleotide can be used as drugs to increase white blood cells.

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1-Propanol

1-Propanol Structural Formula

Structural formula

Business number 01GD
Molecular formula C3H8O
Molecular weight 60.10
label

n-Propanol,

n-Propanol,

n-Propyl alcohol,

Optal,

AlcoholC3,

Propylic alcohol,

thinner,

dental detergent,

pesticides,

fungicides,

antifreeze,

adhesive,

paint solvents,

alcohol compounds

Numbering system

CAS number:71-23-8

MDL number:MFCD00002941

EINECS number:200-746-9

RTECS number:UH8225000

BRN number:1098242

PubChem number:24856894

Physical property data

1. Properties: colorless liquid with mellow smell. [1]

2. Melting point (?): -127[2]

3. Boiling point (?): 97.1[3]

4. Relative density (water = 1): 0.80[4]

5. Relative vapor Density (air=1): 2.1[5]

6. Saturated vapor pressure (kPa): 2.0 (20?)[6]

7. Heat of combustion (kJ/mol): -2021.3[7]

8. Critical temperature (?): 263.6[8]

9. Critical pressure (MPa): 5.17[9]

10. Octanol/water partition coefficient: 0.25 [10]

11. Flash point (?): 15[11]

12. Ignition temperature (?): 371 [12]

13. Explosion upper limit (%): 13.5[13]

14. Explosion lower limit (%) : 2.1[14]

15. Solubility: Miscible with water, miscible with most organic solvents such as ethanol and ether. [15]

16. Viscosity (mPa·s, 20ºC): 2.26

17. Heat of evaporation (KJ/kg, b.p.): 680.8

18. Heat of fusion (KJ/mol): 5.20

19. Heat of formation (KJ/mol): -300.9

20. Specific heat capacity (KJ/( kg·K), 20ºC, constant pressure): 2.45

21. Boiling point rising constant: 1.59

22. Conductivity (S/m, 18ºC): 9.17×10-9

23. Thermal conductivity (W/(m·K), 20ºC): 1.7166

24. Volume expansion coefficient (K– 1, 20ºC): 0.00107

25. Relative density (25?, 4?): 0.7998

26. Refractive index at room temperature (n25): 1.3837

27. Critical density (g·cm-3): 0.276

28. Critical volume (cm3·mol-1): 218

29. Critical compression factor: 0.252

30. Eccentricity factor: 0.628

31. Lennard-Jones parameter (A): 8.361

32. Lennard-Jones parameter (K): 223.0

33. Solubility parameter (J·cm– 3)0.5: 24.557

34. van der Waals area (cm2·mol-1 ): 6.280×109

35. van der Waals volume (cm3·mol-1): 42.170

36. Gas phase standard heat of combustion (enthalpy) (kJ·mol -1): 2068.65

37. Gas phase standard claims heat (enthalpy) (kJ·mol-1): -255.18

38. Gas phase standard entropy (J·mol-1·K-1): 322.58

39. Gas phase standard free energy of formation (kJ ·mol-1): -159.8

40. Gas phase standard hot melt (J·mol-1·K-1): 85.56

41. Liquid phase standard combustion heat (enthalpy) (kJ·mol-1): -2021.12

42. Liquid phase Standard claimed heat (enthalpy) (kJ·mol-1): -302.71

43. Liquid phase standard entropy (J·mol-1· K-1): 192.80

44. Liquid phase standard free energy of formation (kJ·mol-1): -168.78

45. Liquid phase standard hot melt (J·mol-1·K-1): 143.8

Toxicological data

1. Acute toxicity[16]

LD50: 1870mg/kg (rat oral); 6800mg/kg (mouse Oral); 2825mg/kg (rabbit oral); 5040mg/kg (rabbit transdermal)

LC50: 48000mg/m3 (mouse inhalation)

2. Irritation[17]

Rabbit transdermal: 500mg, mild irritation (open irritation test).

Rabbit eye: 20mg (24h), moderate irritation.

3. Others[18] LDLo: Female 1870mg/kg

Ecological data

1. Ecotoxicity[19]

LC50: 4.10~4.88g/L (96h) (fathead minnow)

IC50: 255~3100mg/L (72h) (algae)

2. Biodegradability No data yet

3. Non-biodegradability[20] In the air, when the concentration of hydroxyl radicals is 5.00×105/cm3, the degradation half-life is 2.9d (theoretical).

Molecular structure data

1. Molar refractive index: 17.48

2. Molar volume (cm3/mol): 75.5

3. Isotonic specific volume (90.2K ): 168.2

4. Surface tension (dyne/cm): 24.5

5. Polarizability (10-24cm3): 6.93

Compute chemical data

1. Reference value for hydrophobic parameter calculation (XlogP): None

2. Number of hydrogen bond donors: 1

3. Number of hydrogen bond acceptors: 1

4. Number of rotatable chemical bonds: 1

5. Number of tautomers: none

6. Topological molecule polar surface area 20.2

7. Number of heavy atoms: 4

8. Surface charge: 0

9. Complexity: 7.2

10. Number of isotope atoms: 0

11. Determine the number of atomic stereocenters: 0

12. Uncertain number of atomic stereocenters: 0

13. Determine the number of chemical bond stereocenters: 0

14. Number of uncertain chemical bond stereocenters: 0

15. Number of covalent bond units: 1

Properties and stability

1. It is miscible with various organic solvents such as water and alcohol, and can dissolve vegetable oils, animal oils, natural resins and some synthetic resins. Has an odor similar to ethanol. Non-corrosive to metals.

2. Chemical properties: Similar to ethanol, it is oxidized to produce propionaldehyde, which is further oxidized to produce propionic acid. Dehydration with sulfuric acid produces propylene.

3. It is of low toxicity. The physiological effects are similar to ethanol, but its anesthesia and mucous membrane irritation are slightly stronger than ethanol. It is also more toxic than ethanol and its bactericidal ability is three times stronger than ethanol. The olfactory threshold concentration is 73.62mg/m3. TJ 36-79 stipulates that the maximum allowable concentration in workshop air is 200 mg/m3.

4. Stability[21] Stable

5. Incompatible substances[22] Strong oxidants, acid anhydrides, acids, halogens

6. Polymerization hazards[23] No polymerization

Storage method

Storage Precautions[24] Stored in a cool, ventilated warehouse. Keep away from fire and heat sources. The storage temperature should not exceed 37?. Keep container tightly sealed. They should be stored separately from oxidants, acids, halogens, and food chemicals, and avoid mixed storage. Use explosion-proof lighting and ventilation facilities. It is prohibited to use mechanical equipment and tools that are prone to sparks. The storage area should be equipped with emergency release equipment and suitable containment materials.

Synthesis method

1. Recovery method from isopropanol by-product: When propylene is directly hydrated to produce isopropanol, n-propanol is produced as a by-product, and n-propanol is produced from it.

2. Hydrogenation of propylene oxide Law.

3. Propanaldehyde hydrogenation method : Propanol and allyl alcohol are produced by hydrogenating propionaldehyde and acrolein. 4. Allyl alcohol hydrogenation method. 5. Methanol method. 6. Ethylene oxo synthesis method. The third method is a commonly used method in industry. Catalysts include hydroxyl compounds of cobalt and rhodium, ruthenium complexes, skeleton catalysts (such as nickel, copper), etc. The most commonly used are skeleton catalysts. The production methods include gas phase hydrogenation and flat liquid phase hydrogenation. The pressure of gas-phase hydrogenation is about 0.7MPa, and copper-based catalysts are mostly used; the pressure of liquid-phase hydrogenation is 2~4MPa, and nickel-based catalysts are mostly used.

4. Propionaldehyde is obtained through oxo synthesis of ethylene, and then n-propanol is obtained after hydrogenation. Alternatively, metal carbonyl compounds are used as catalysts to synthesize ethylene from ethylene. It can also be produced directly with water through liquid-phase oxidation of propane or butane.

5. The reaction formula of the methanol method is as follows:

6. The reaction formula of vinyl carbonylation method is as follows:

7. Use industrial n-propanol as raw material, first add bromine (1.5ml of bromine water per liter of n-propanol), After mixing evenly, crudely evaporate once, add a small amount of potassium carbonate to the crude product for distillation, take the middle fraction, add a desiccant for dehydration, and finally distill the middle fraction, which is the pure product.

Purpose

1. Propanol is used directly as a solvent or to synthesize propyl acetate. It is used in coating solvents, printing inks, cosmetics, etc. It is used in the production of n-propylamine, an intermediate for medicines and pesticides, and in the production of feed additives, synthetic flavors, etc. Propanol is used in the pharmaceutical industry to produce probenecid, sodium valproate, erythromycin, epileptic acid, adhesive hemostatic agent BCA, propylthiamine, dipropyl 2,5-pyridinedicarboxylate, etc.; Various esters synthesized from propanol are used in many aspects such as food additives, plasticizers, spices, etc. Derivatives of n-propanol, especially di-n-propylamine, have many applications in medicine and pesticide production, and are used to produce pesticide aminesulfonate. Lingmao, Diprofen, Propyrrolidone, Sulfuroxime, Trifluralin, etc.

2. Used as a solvent for vegetable oils, natural rubber and resins, some synthetic resins, ethyl cellulose, and polyvinyl butyral. It is also used in nitrocellulose spray paint, coatings, cosmetics, dental detergents, insecticides, fungicides, inks, plastics, antifreeze, adhesives, etc.

3. Generally used as solvent. It can be used as coating solvents, printing inks, cosmetics, etc., as an intermediate in the production of medicines and pesticides, and as an intermediate in the production of feed additives, synthetic flavors, etc. Propanol is widely used in the pharmaceutical industry, food additives, plasticizers, spices and many other aspects.

4. Used as solvent and used in pharmaceuticals, paints and cosmetics, etc. [25]

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