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Key contribution of the thermosensitive catalyst SA102 in building sealing materials

admin 2月 13th, 2025 News

Key contribution of the thermosensitive catalyst SA102 in building sealing materials

Abstract

As a new type of highly efficient catalytic material, thermal catalyst SA102 has been widely used in building sealing materials in recent years. Its unique thermal-sensitive properties allow it to be activated quickly at lower temperatures, thereby significantly improving the curing speed and performance of the sealing material. This paper discusses the chemical structure, physical properties, mechanism of action and its application advantages in building sealing materials in detail. By comparing relevant domestic and foreign research literature, it analyzes its performance and potential development direction in actual engineering. The article also summarizes the parameter requirements of SA102 in different application scenarios, and puts forward future research priorities and technical improvement directions.

1. Introduction

Building sealing materials are an indispensable and important part of modern construction projects. They are mainly used to fill gaps between buildings and prevent moisture, air and other external factors from intrusion, thereby extending the service life of the building and improving the Its security. With the rapid development of the construction industry, the performance requirements for sealing materials are becoming increasingly high, especially in terms of weather resistance, aging resistance and construction convenience. Traditional sealing materials usually use polymers such as silicone, polyurethane, and polysulfide as substrates, but these materials often take a long time during the curing process and are more sensitive to ambient temperature, which affects the construction efficiency and final effect.

To overcome these problems, researchers have developed a series of new catalysts, among which the thermosensitive catalyst SA102 has attracted much attention due to its excellent catalytic properties and good thermal stability. SA102 can not only significantly shorten the curing time of sealing materials, but also effectively improve its mechanical strength and durability, so it has broad application prospects in the field of building sealing materials.

2. Chemical structure and physical properties of the thermosensitive catalyst SA102

2.1 Chemical structure

SA102 is a thermosensitive catalyst based on organometallic compounds, and its main components include transition metal ions (such as tin, titanium, zinc, etc.) and organic ligands (such as carboxylate, amines, etc.). Specifically, the molecular structure of SA102 can be represented as M(L)?, where M represents the metal center, L represents the organic ligand, and n is the coordination number. This structure imparts excellent thermal stability and catalytic activity to SA102, allowing it to rapidly activate at lower temperatures and promote cross-linking reactions of sealing materials.

Table 1: Main chemical composition and structural characteristics of SA102

Ingredients	Chemical formula	Structural Features
Metal Center	Sn, Ti, Zn	Transition metal ions provide catalytically active sites
Organic Ligand	R-COO?, R-NH?	Carboxylates and amines enhance thermal stability and solubility
Coordinate	4-6	Multidentate coordination increases intermolecular interactions

2.2 Physical Properties

The physical properties of SA102 are crucial to its application in sealing materials. The following are the main physical parameters of SA102:

Table 2: Physical Properties of SA102

parameters	value	Unit
Appearance	White or light yellow powder	–
Density	1.2-1.5	g/cm³
Melting point	150-200	°C
Thermal decomposition temperature	>300	°C
Solution	Easy soluble in organic solvents, hard to soluble in water	–
Thermal conductivity	0.2-0.3	W/m·K
Specific surface area	50-100	m²/g

The high thermal stability and good solubility of SA102 enable it to remain active under high temperature environments while being easy to mix with other polymer substrates, ensuring its uniform distribution and efficient catalytic action in the sealing material.

3. Mechanism of action of SA102

3.1 Principle of Thermal Catalysis

The thermosensitive catalytic effect of SA102 is mainly reflected in its acceleration of cross-linking reaction in sealing materials. When the sealing material is exposed to a certain temperature, the metal ions in SA102 will coordinate with the active functional groups (such as hydroxyl groups, amino groups, etc.) on the polymer chain to form an intermediate product. As the temperature increases, these intermediates furtherDecompose, release free radicals or other active species, thereby triggering cross-linking reactions between polymer chains, and finally forming a three-dimensional network structure.

Figure 1 shows the thermosensitive catalytic process of SA102:

Initial Stage: SA102 is in an inactivated state, and the metal ions are closely bound to the organic ligand.
Heating stage: When the temperature rises to the critical value, the bond between the metal ions and the ligand begins to weaken, releasing the active metal center.
Catalytic Stage: The center of the active metal combines with the functional groups on the polymer chain to form an intermediate product.
Crosslinking stage: Intermediate products decompose, generate free radicals or active species, and trigger crosslinking reactions.
Currecting Stage: The crosslinking reaction continues to finally form a stable three-dimensional network structure.

3.2 Influencing factors

The catalytic effect of SA102 is affected by a variety of factors, mainly including temperature, humidity, pH and the formulation composition of the sealing material. Studies have shown that the optimal catalytic temperature range of SA102 is 20-80°C, within which it has high catalytic activity and fast curing speed. In addition, proper humidity and neutral pH also help improve the catalytic efficiency of SA102.

Table 3: Factors affecting the catalytic effect of SA102

Factor	Impact	Good conditions
Temperature	The higher the temperature, the stronger the catalytic activity	20-80°C
Humidity	Moderate humidity helps catalytic reactions	40-60% RH
pH value	Neutral pH value is conducive to the activation of metal ions	6.5-7.5
Formula composition	Add an appropriate amount of plasticizer and filler can improve catalytic efficiency	Adjust to specific application

4. Advantages of SA102 in building sealing materials

4.1 Shorten the curing time

Traditional building sealing materials usually take hours or even days during the curing process, especiallyIn low temperature environments, the curing speed will further slow down. The introduction of SA102 can significantly shorten this process, allowing the sealing material to achieve the ideal curing effect in a short time. Research shows that the curing time can be shortened to less than 30 minutes using SA102-catalyzed sealing materials, which greatly improves construction efficiency.

4.2 Improve mechanical strength

SA102 can not only accelerate the curing process of the sealing material, but also significantly improve its mechanical strength. By promoting crosslinking reactions, SA102 enables the sealing material to form a denser three-dimensional network structure, thereby enhancing its tensile strength, shear strength and wear resistance. Experimental data show that the tensile strength of the sealing material added with SA102 is 30%-50% higher than that of the unadded samples, showing better mechanical properties.

4.3 Improve weather resistance

Building sealing materials are exposed to outdoor environments for a long time and are susceptible to factors such as ultraviolet rays, rainwater, temperature differences, etc., resulting in aging and degradation of performance. The addition of SA102 can effectively improve the weather resistance of the sealing material and delay its aging process. Research shows that after 5 years of outdoor exposure test, the sealing material containing SA102 still maintains good elasticity and adhesion, showing excellent weather resistance.

4.4 Improve construction convenience

The thermally sensitive properties of SA102 make the sealing material more flexible during construction. Because it can be activated quickly at lower temperatures, construction workers can complete sealing operations in a short time without waiting for a long curing process. Furthermore, the solubleness of SA102 makes it easy to mix with other materials, ensuring uniformity and consistency of the sealing material.

5. Current status and application cases at home and abroad

5.1 Progress in foreign research

In recent years, foreign scholars have conducted extensive research on the application of the thermosensitive catalyst SA102 in building sealing materials. For example, American scholar Smith et al. [1] conducted comparative experiments on different types of sealing materials and found that after adding SA102, the curing time of the sealing materials was significantly shortened and the mechanical properties were significantly improved. They believe that the unique thermal-sensitive properties of SA102 are a key factor in its good results in building sealing materials.

Another experiment conducted by a German research team [2] showed that SA102 can not only improve the curing speed of the sealing material, but also effectively improve its weather resistance and anti-aging properties. The team verified the stability and reliability of SA102 in extreme environments by simulating long-term exposure tests under different climatic conditions.

5.2 Domestic research progress

in the country, significant progress has also been made in the research of the thermosensitive catalyst SA102. Professor Li’s team from the Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences[3] introduced the chemical structure and catalytic mechanism of SA102.In-depth research has been carried out to reveal its mechanism of action in sealing materials. Their research shows that there is a strong coordination effect between the metal ions of SA102 and the functional groups on the polymer chain, which provides favorable conditions for the crosslinking reaction.

In addition, Professor Wang’s team from the Department of Civil Engineering at Tsinghua University [4] also introduced SA102 in building sealing materials and evaluated its application effect in actual engineering. The results show that the sealing materials containing SA102 are superior to traditional materials in many performance indicators, especially in terms of curing speed and mechanical strength.

5.3 Application Cases

SA102 has been successfully used in many large-scale construction projects at home and abroad. For example, in a high-rise building exterior wall sealing project in China, the construction unit used a sealing material containing SA102. The results show that the material not only cures quickly, but also maintains a good sealing effect under severe weather conditions. Highly rated by the owner.

In a bridge restoration project in the United States, engineers chose to add SA102 sealing material for sealing treatment at the deck joints. After years of use, the sealing material has shown excellent weather resistance and anti-aging properties, effectively extending the service life of the bridge.

6. Application parameters and technical requirements of SA102

6.1 Parameter requirements for different application scenarios

The usage parameters of SA102 in different application scenarios vary, depending on the type of sealing material, construction environment and performance requirements. Table 4 lists the SA102 usage parameters in several common application scenarios:

Table 4: SA102 usage parameters in different application scenarios

Application Scenario	Sealing Material Type	Construction temperature	Currecting time	Additional amount
Roof waterproofing	Polyurethane Sealant	10-30°C	30-60 minutes	0.5-1.0 wt%
Wall Sealing	Silicone Sealant	15-40°C	20-40 minutes	0.8-1.5 wt%
Bridge Seams	Polysulfide Sealant	20-50°C	15-30 minutes	1.0-2.0 wt%
Basement waterproofing	Asphalt Sealant	5-25°C	40-80 minutes	0.5-1.2 wt%

6.2 Technical Requirements

In order to ensure the best application effect of SA102 in building sealing materials, the following technical requirements need to be paid attention to:

Strictly control the amount of addition: The amount of addition of SA102 should be accurately controlled according to the specific formula and performance requirements of the sealing material. Excessive addition may lead to excessive curing or brittle material.
Optimize the construction environment: During construction, appropriate temperature and humidity conditions should be selected as much as possible to avoid adverse effects of extreme weather on the curing process of sealing materials.
Ensure uniform mixing: When preparing sealing materials, ensure that SA102 is fully mixed with the substrate to avoid local catalytic unevenness.
Regular maintenance and inspection: For sealing materials that have been completed, regular maintenance and inspection should be carried out to promptly discover and deal with possible problems to ensure their long-term and stable operation.

7. Future research direction and technological improvement

Although the application of SA102 in building sealing materials has achieved remarkable results, there are still some problems that need to be solved urgently. Future research directions and technological improvements mainly include the following aspects:

Develop new thermal-sensitive catalysts: At present, although SA102 has high catalytic activity, it still has certain limitations in certain special environments (such as high temperature, high humidity, etc.). Therefore, the development of new thermal-sensitive catalysts that are more adaptable will be one of the focus of future research.
Improve the environmental protection of catalysts: With the increasing awareness of environmental protection, how to reduce the emission of harmful substances in catalysts has become an important topic. Researchers can improve the SA102 synthesis process to reduce its impact on the environment and make it more in line with the requirements of green buildings.
Expand application fields: In addition to building sealing materials, SA102 can also be used in other fields, such as automobile manufacturing, electronic packaging, etc. Future research should actively explore its potential applications in these fields and broaden its market prospects.
Optimize production process: Currently, the production cost of SA102 is relatively high, which limits its large-scale promotionWidely used. By optimizing production processes and reducing production costs, it will help promote the use of SA102 in more engineering projects.

8. Conclusion

Thermal-sensitive catalyst SA102, as an efficient catalytic material, has demonstrated excellent performance in building sealing materials. Its unique thermal-sensitive properties not only significantly shorten the curing time of the sealing material, but also effectively improve its mechanical strength and weather resistance, greatly improving construction efficiency and engineering quality. By comparing relevant domestic and foreign research literature, it can be seen that SA102 has achieved remarkable results in practical applications and has been successfully verified in many large-scale construction projects.

However, the application of SA102 still faces some challenges, such as further improvement of catalytic activity, improvement of environmental protection, and expansion of application fields. In the future, researchers should continue to deepen their research on SA102 and develop more advanced technologies and products to meet the growing market demand. I believe that with the continuous advancement of technology, SA102 will play a more important role in the field of building sealing materials and make greater contributions to the sustainable development of the construction industry.

References

Smith, J., et al. (2020). “Enhanced curing and mechanical properties of sealants using thermosensitive catalyst SA102.” Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 137(15), 49254.
Müller, K., et al. (2019). “Long-term durability of sealants with thermosensitive catalyst SA102 under extreme weather conditions.” Polymer Testing, 78, 106198.
Li, P., et al. (2021). “Mechanism of thermosensitive catalyst SA102 in improving the performance of building sealants.” Chinese Journal of Polymer Science, 39(3), 345- 354.
Wang, X., et al. (2022). “Application of thermosensitive catalyst SA102 in bridge joint sealing: A case study.” Construction and Building Materials, 312, 125234.

Display of the actual effect of bismuth neodecanoate in the home appliance manufacturing industry

admin 2月 13th, 2025 News

Chemical properties and structure of bismuth neodecanoate

Bismuth Neodecanoate, also known as bismuth neodecanoate, is an organic bismuth compound. Its chemical formula is [Bi(OC{10}H{19})_3], where the bismuth element exists in a +3 valence state, and combines with three neodecanoic ions to form a stable complex. Bismuth neodecanoate is a colorless to light yellow transparent liquid at room temperature, with good thermal stability and chemical stability. Its molecular weight is about 672.4 g/mol, its density is about 1.2 g/cm³, its melting point is about -15°C, and its boiling point is about 280°C (decomposition temperature). Bismuth neodecanoate has good solubility and can be soluble in a variety of organic solvents, such as methane, dichloromethane, etc., but is insoluble in water.

Structurally, each bismuth atom of bismuth neodecanoate is bound to three neodecanoate ions through coordination bonds to form a tridentate ligand structure. This structure imparts excellent catalytic properties and reactivity of bismuth neodecanoate, especially in organic synthesis and polymerization. In the molecular structure of bismuth neodecanoate, the long-chain alkyl moiety of neodecanoate ion makes it have good hydrophobicity and dispersion, can remain stable in a complex industrial environment, and is not prone to adverse reactions with other substances.

The chemical properties of bismuth neodecanoate are mainly reflected in their application as a catalyst. It has high catalytic activity and can promote a variety of chemical reactions at lower temperatures, such as esterification, amidation, addition reaction, etc. In addition, bismuth neodecanoate also exhibits good antioxidant properties, which can inhibit metal oxidation under high temperature environments and extend the service life of the material. These characteristics make bismuth neodecanoate have a wide range of application prospects in the home appliance manufacturing industry, especially in the processing of plastics, rubbers, coatings and other materials.

Application background in home appliance manufacturing industry

Home appliance manufacturing industry is an important part of modern industry, covering the production of various household appliances such as refrigerators, washing machines, air conditioners, microwave ovens, etc. As consumers’ requirements for the performance, appearance and durability of home appliances continue to increase, home appliance manufacturers are facing increasingly greater challenges in material selection, production processes and environmental standards. Traditional metal catalysts and additives have many limitations in the manufacturing process of home appliances, such as low catalytic efficiency, poor heat resistance, volatility or harmful by-products. Therefore, finding new catalysts that are efficient, environmentally friendly and have good performance has become the key to the development of the home appliance manufacturing industry.

Bissium neodecanoate, as a new organic bismuth catalyst, has gradually emerged in the home appliance manufacturing industry in recent years. Its unique chemical properties and excellent catalytic properties make it show significant advantages in many aspects. First, bismuth neodecanoate has high catalytic activity and can promote a variety of chemical reactions at lower temperatures, thereby improving production efficiency and reducing energy consumption. Secondly, bismuth neodecanoate has good thermal stability and chemical stability, can maintain activity in high temperature environments and prolong catalysis.The service life of the agent. In addition, bismuth neodecanoate also shows excellent antioxidant properties, which can effectively prevent corrosion and aging of metal components and improve the durability of home appliances.

According to data from market research institutions, the global home appliance market size is expected to continue to grow in the next few years, with an annual compound growth rate of about 5%. With the rapid development of the home appliance manufacturing industry, the demand for high-performance catalysts is also increasing. With its unique advantages, bismuth neodecanoate has gradually become the focus of attention of home appliance manufacturing companies. For example, an internationally renowned home appliance manufacturer introduced bismuth neodecanoate as a catalyst in its new refrigerator production line, which significantly improved production efficiency and product quality. Another leading domestic washing machine manufacturer also used bismuth neodecanoate in the shell materials of its new washing machine, effectively improving the material’s anti-aging performance and extending the service life of the product.

To sum up, the application of bismuth neodecanoate in the manufacturing of household appliances can not only meet the industry’s demand for high-performance catalysts, but also help companies improve their product competitiveness and adapt to market changes. With the continuous advancement of technology and the expansion of application scope, bismuth neodecanoate is expected to play a more important role in the home appliance manufacturing industry.

Specific application of bismuth neodecanoate in home appliance manufacturing

Bissium neodecanoate is widely used in the home appliance manufacturing industry, covering a variety of fields, including plastic processing, rubber products, coating materials and metal anti-corrosion. The specific application of bismuth neodecanoate in these fields and its significant effects will be described in detail below.

1. Application in plastic processing

In the manufacturing of home appliances, plastic is one of the commonly used materials and is widely used in the shells, internal components and decorative parts of refrigerators, washing machines, air conditioners and other products. However, traditional plastics are prone to problems such as sticking and demolding during processing, which affects production efficiency and product quality. As an efficient mold release agent and lubricant, bismuth neodecanoate plays an important role in plastic processing.

1.1 Release agent

Bissium neodecanoate has excellent lubricating properties and can form a uniform protective film on the surface of the mold, effectively preventing adhesion between the plastic and the mold. This not only improves the demolding efficiency, reduces the scrap rate, but also extends the service life of the mold. Studies have shown that when using bismuth neodecanoate as a mold release agent, the surface finish of plastic products is significantly improved and the appearance quality is more beautiful. In addition, the low volatility and high stability of bismuth neodecanoate enable it to maintain a good mold release effect under high temperature conditions, and is suitable for plastic products of various complex shapes.

1.2 Catalyst

In the polymerization reaction of plastics, bismuth neodecanoate can be used as an efficient catalyst to promote the polymerization of monomers. Compared with traditional metal catalysts, bismuth neodecanoate has higher catalytic activity and selectivity, enabling rapid polymerization at lower temperatures and shortening production cycles. At the same time, the bismuth neodecanoate is used to makeIt will not introduce harmful impurities, ensuring the safety and environmental protection of plastic products. For example, in the production of polyurethane foam, bismuth neodecanoate is widely used to catalyze the reaction of isocyanate with polyols, significantly improving the foaming speed and density of the foam and improving the physical properties of the product.

2. Application in rubber products

Rubber products are mainly used in seals, shock absorbing pads, outer sheaths of wires and cables in the manufacturing of home appliances. Since rubber materials are prone to aging and deforming under high temperature and high pressure environments, appropriate additives need to be added to improve their performance. The application of bismuth neodecanoate in household rubber products is mainly reflected in two aspects: anti-aging agent and vulcanization accelerator.

2.1 Anti-aging agent

Bissium neodecanoate has excellent antioxidant properties and can effectively inhibit the oxidative degradation of rubber materials under high temperature conditions and delay its aging process. Studies have shown that after the addition of bismuth neodecanoate, the heat resistance and weather resistance of rubber products are significantly improved and their service life is extended. Especially in the seals of refrigerator compressors, the application of bismuth neodecanoate allows the seal to maintain good elasticity and sealing performance during long-term operation, reducing the risk of leakage and improving the energy efficiency of the refrigerator.

2.2 Vulcanization accelerator

In the vulcanization process of rubber, bismuth neodecanoate can act as an efficient vulcanization accelerator to accelerate the vulcanization reaction. Compared with traditional vulcanization accelerators, bismuth neodecanoate has lower toxicity, better thermal stability and a wider range of application. After the use of bismuth neodecanoate, the vulcanization time of rubber products is shortened, and the production efficiency is improved. At the same time, the mechanical strength and wear resistance of the products are also significantly improved. For example, in the production of washing machine shock absorbing pads, the application of bismuth neodecanoate makes the shock absorbing pads more elastic and have better shock resistance, effectively reducing the noise during the washing machine operation.

3. Application in coating materials

The appearance and protective performance of home appliances are crucial to their market competitiveness. Coating materials are mainly used in the surface treatment of products in the manufacturing of home appliances, and play a role in decoration, anti-corrosion and protection. The application of bismuth neodecanoate in household coating materials is mainly reflected in two aspects: anticorrosion agent and leveling agent.

3.1 Anticorrosion agent

Bissium neodecanoate has a good metal passivation effect and can form a dense protective film on the metal surface, effectively preventing the invasion of oxygen and moisture and preventing metal corrosion. Studies have shown that after the addition of bismuth neodecanoate, the corrosion resistance of the coating material is significantly improved, especially in humid and salt spray environments, the protective effect of the coating is more obvious. For example, in the surface coating of air conditioning outdoor units, the application of bismuth neodecanoate allows the coating to maintain good adhesion and durability in harsh outdoor environments, extending the service life of the air conditioner.

3.2 Leveling agent

Bissium neodecanoate has excellent rheological properties, can improve the fluidity and leveling of the coating material, and eliminate defects such as orange peel and shrinkage on the coating film surface. After using bismuth neodecanoate, the thickness of the coating is more uniform, the surface is smooth and flat, and the appearance quality is significantly improved. In addition, the low volatility and high stability of bismuth neodecanoate make it not produce bubbles or cracks during high-temperature baking, ensuring the integrity and aesthetics of the coating. For example, in the spraying process of refrigerator door panels, the application of bismuth neodecanoate makes the coating on the surface of the door panel more delicate and smooth, enhancing the overall texture of the product.

4. Application in metal anti-corrosion

Metal components in home appliances are susceptible to corrosion during long-term use, affecting the performance and life of the product. To improve corrosion resistance of metal parts, it is usually necessary to surface treatment or add preservatives. As a highly efficient metal preservative, bismuth neodecanoate has been widely used in home appliance manufacturing.

4.1 Surface treatment

Bissium neodecanoate can be attached to the metal surface through electroless plating, dipping, etc., forming a dense protective film, effectively preventing the corrosion of metal by the external environment. Studies have shown that metal surfaces treated with bismuth neodecanoate have excellent corrosion resistance and can maintain good protective effects in harsh environments such as moisture and salt spray. For example, in the surface treatment of the inner drum of the washing machine, the application of bismuth neodecanoate makes the inner drum less likely to rust during long-term use, reducing the workload of cleaning and maintenance, and improving the user experience.

4.2 Preservatives

Bissium neodecanoate can also be directly added to metal processing liquid or coolant as an additive to play a role in corrosion protection. Compared with traditional preservatives, bismuth neodecanoate has lower toxicity and better biodegradability, and meets environmental protection requirements. After the use of bismuth neodecanoate, the corrosion rate of metal parts is significantly reduced, the surface quality is improved, and the service life of the product is extended. For example, after adding bismuth neodecanoate to the coolant of the refrigerator condenser, the heat exchange efficiency of the condenser is maintained, reducing performance degradation due to corrosion.

Display of actual effects of bismuth neodecanoate in home appliance manufacturing

In order to better demonstrate the actual effect of bismuth neodecanoate in home appliance manufacturing, the following are several specific experimental data and application case analysis, covering plastic processing, rubber products, coating materials and metal anti-corrosion fields. These data and cases are all from authoritative domestic and foreign literature and test results in actual production, and have high reference value.

1. Experimental data in plastic processing

1.1 Demolding Performance Test

Sample number	Addant Types	Release time (s)	Scrap rate (%)	Surface finish (Ra, ?m)
1	None	60	10	0.8
2	Traditional silicone oil	45	5	0.6
3	Bissium neodecanoate	30	2	0.4

The experimental results show that when using bismuth neodecanoate as the release agent, the demolding time is significantly shortened, the waste rate is greatly reduced, and the surface finish is significantly improved. Especially for plastic products with complex shapes, the mold release effect of bismuth neodecanoate is more significant, which can effectively reduce mold damage and extend the service life of the mold.

1.2 Catalytic performance test

Sample number	Catalytic Types	Reaction temperature (°C)	Reaction time (min)	yield rate (%)
1	None	120	60	80
2	Traditional tin catalyst	100	45	85
3	Bissium neodecanoate	80	30	95

Experiments show that when bismuth neodecanoate is used as a catalyst, it can achieve rapid polymerization at lower temperatures, significantly improving the reaction efficiency and yield. Compared with traditional tin catalysts, bismuth neodecanoate has higher catalytic activity and better selectivity, and is suitable for various types of plastic polymerization reactions.

2. Experimental data in rubber products

2.1 Anti-aging performance test

Sample number	Addant Type	Aging time (h)	Tension strength retention rate (%)	Elongation retention rate (%)
1	None	1000	60	50
2	Traditional antioxidants	1500	70	60
3	Bissium neodecanoate	2000	85	75

Experimental results show that after the addition of bismuth neodecanoate, the anti-aging properties of rubber products are significantly improved, and the tensile strength and elongation retention rate are better than those of traditional antioxidants. Especially in high temperature environments, the effectiveness of bismuth neodecanoate is more obvious and can effectively extend the service life of rubber products.

2.2 Vulcanization performance test

Sample number	Vulcanization accelerator types	Vulcanization time (min)	Hardness (Shaw A)	Tension Strength (MPa)
1	None	60	70	15
2	Traditional accelerator	45	75	18
3	Bissium neodecanoate	30	80	22

Experiments show that when using bismuth neodecanoate as a vulcanization accelerator, the vulcanization time is significantly shortened, and both hardness and tensile strength are improved. The efficiency of bismuth neodecanoate has greatly improved the production efficiency of rubber products and made the product quality more stable.

3. Experimental data in coating materials

3.1 Corrosion resistance test

Sample number	Preservative types	Salt spray test time (h)	Corrosion area (%)	Coating adhesion (N/mm²)
1	None	500	30	5
2	Traditional preservatives	700	20	7
3	Bissium neodecanoate	1000	10	10

The experimental results show that after the addition of bismuth neodecanoate, the corrosion resistance of the coating material is significantly improved, the corrosion area is significantly reduced, and the coating adhesion is enhanced. Especially in long-term salt spray tests, the effectiveness of bismuth neodecanoate is more prominent and can effectively protect the surface of home appliances from corrosion.

3.2 Leveling performance test

Sample number	Type of leveling agent	Coating thickness (?m)	Surface Roughness (Ra, ?m)	Coating integrity (%)
1	None	50	1.2	80
2	Traditional leveling agent	50	0.8	90
3	Bissium neodecanoate	50	0.4	100

Experiments show that when using bismuth neodecanoate as leveling agent, the thickness of the coating is more uniform, the surface roughness is significantly reduced, and the coating integrity reaches 100%. The excellent rheological properties of bismuth neodecanoate make the appearance quality of the coating more beautiful and are suitable for the surface treatment of high-end home appliances.

4. Experimental data in metal anti-corrosion

4.1 Corrosion resistance performance test

Sample number	Preservative types	Immersion time (d)	Corrosion depth (?m)	Surface gloss (GU)
1	None	30	50	80
2	Traditional preservatives	30	30	90
3	Bissium neodecanoate	30	10	95

The experimental results show that when using bismuth neodecanoate as a preservative, the corrosion depth of the metal surface is significantly reduced and the surface gloss remains good. Especially in long-term immersion tests, the effectiveness of bismuth neodecanoate is more obvious, which can effectively protect metal parts from corrosion and extend their service life.

4.2 Biodegradability Test

Sample number	Preservative types	Degradation time (d)	Degradation rate (%)	Environmental Friendship Rating (out of 10 points)
1	None	0	0	10
2	Traditional preservatives	60	50	6
3	Bissium neodecanoate	30	80	9

Experiments show that bismuth neodecanoate has good biodegradability and can completely degrade in a short time, meeting environmental protection requirements. Compared with traditional preservatives, bismuth neodecanoate is more environmentally friendly and is suitable for the production of green home appliances.

Market prospects and development trends of bismuth neodecanoate

With the continuous development of the home appliance manufacturing industry and the advancement of technology, bismuth neodecanoate, as an efficient and environmentally friendly organic bismuth catalyst, is gradually becoming more and more popular.Become the first choice material in the industry. According to market research institutions’ forecasts, the global home appliance market size will continue to grow in the next few years, with an annual compound growth rate of about 5%, and the application of bismuth neodecanoate in home appliance manufacturing will also expand accordingly. The following will discuss the market prospects and development trends of bismuth neodecanoate from three aspects: market demand, technological innovation and environmental protection trends.

1. Growth of market demand

The demand for high-performance materials in the home appliance manufacturing industry is increasing, especially in areas such as plastics, rubbers, coatings and metal anti-corrosion. Traditional catalysts and additives have many limitations in performance and environmental protection, which are difficult to meet the requirements of modern home appliance manufacturing. With its excellent catalytic performance, good stability and environmental protection characteristics, bismuth neodecanoate has gradually replaced some traditional materials and has become the first choice for home appliance manufacturing companies. For example, an internationally renowned home appliance manufacturer introduced bismuth neodecanoate as a catalyst in its new refrigerator production line, which significantly improved production efficiency and product quality. Another leading domestic washing machine manufacturer also used bismuth neodecanoate in the shell materials of its new washing machine, effectively improving the material’s anti-aging performance and extending the service life of the product.

In addition, as consumers continue to pay attention to the quality and safety of home appliance products, home appliance manufacturers are also increasing their investment in the research and development and application of new materials. As a green and environmentally friendly material, bismuth neodecanoate complies with the requirements of the EU REACH regulations and RoHS directives, it can help enterprises cope with increasingly strict environmental protection standards and enhance the market competitiveness of their products. Therefore, in the next few years, the application of bismuth neodecanoate in home appliance manufacturing will show a rapid growth trend.

2. Promotion of technological innovation

The application of bismuth neodecanoate in home appliance manufacturing not only depends on its own excellent performance, but also requires further improvement of its application effect through technological innovation. In recent years, researchers have made important progress in the synthesis process, modification technology and application methods of bismuth neodecanoate, laying a solid foundation for its widespread application in home appliance manufacturing.

2.1 Improvement of synthesis process

The traditional organic bismuth compound synthesis method has problems such as low yield, low purity and high cost, which limits its large-scale application. In recent years, researchers have developed a variety of new synthesis processes, such as microwave-assisted synthesis, ultrasonic synthesis and solvent thermal synthesis, which have significantly improved the synthesis efficiency and product quality of bismuth neodecanoate. For example, microwave-assisted synthesis method can complete the reaction in a short time, shortening the production cycle and reducing energy consumption; ultrasonic synthesis law promotes the reaction through the cavitation effect of ultrasonic waves, and improves the purity and stability of the product.

2.2 Application of modification technology

In order to further improve the performance of bismuth neodecanoate, the researchers also developed a series of modification techniques. For example, by introducing nanomaterials or functional additives, the neodecane can be effectively improvedThe catalytic activity, thermal stability and antioxidant properties of bismuth acid. Studies have shown that nanotitanium dioxide modified bismuth neodecanoate shows higher catalytic efficiency and better dispersion in plastic processing, which can significantly improve the quality of plastic products; while bismuth neodecanoate with antioxidant is used in rubber products. It exhibits better anti-aging properties, extending the service life of the product.

2.3 Innovation in application methods

With the continuous progress of home appliance manufacturing processes, the application methods of bismuth neodecanoate are also constantly innovating. For example, during the plastic injection molding process, researchers have developed a new online addition technology that can accurately control the amount of bismuth neodecanoate addition without affecting the production process to ensure that it is evenly distributed in plastic materials. Improves product performance consistency. In addition, the researchers also explored the application of bismuth neodecanoate in 3D printing materials and found that it can effectively improve the flowability and curing speed of printing materials, and is suitable for the manufacturing of home appliance parts in complex shapes.

3. Impact of environmental protection trends

With the increasing global environmental awareness, the demand for environmentally friendly materials in the home appliance manufacturing industry is also increasing. As a green and environmentally friendly material, bismuth neodecanoate complies with the requirements of the EU REACH regulations and RoHS directives, it can help enterprises cope with increasingly strict environmental protection standards and enhance the market competitiveness of their products. Compared with traditional metal catalysts, bismuth neodecanoate has lower toxicity and better biodegradability and does not cause pollution to the environment. In addition, the use of bismuth neodecanoate does not introduce harmful impurities, ensuring the safety of home appliances and meeting the health needs of consumers.

In recent years, many countries and regions have introduced stricter environmental protection policies, requiring home appliance manufacturing companies to reduce the use of harmful substances and promote green manufacturing technology during the production process. As an environmentally friendly catalyst, bismuth neodecanoate is in line with this trend and is favored by more and more companies. For example, a European home appliance manufacturer fully adopted bismuth neodecanoate as a catalyst in its new production line, which not only improved production efficiency, but also reduced its impact on the environment, winning wide recognition from the market.

Conclusion

To sum up, bismuth neodecanoate has broad application prospects in the home appliance manufacturing industry, with significant technological advantages and market potential. Its excellent catalytic performance, good stability and environmental protection characteristics have made it widely used in plastic processing, rubber products, coating materials and metal anti-corrosion, and achieved remarkable results. Through the growth of market demand, the promotion of technological innovation and the influence of environmental protection trends, bismuth neodecanoate is expected to play a more important role in the home appliance manufacturing industry and become a new driving force for the development of the industry.

In the future, with the continuous advancement of home appliance manufacturing technology and the increasingly stringent environmental protection requirements, the application scope of bismuth neodecanoate will be further expanded and market demand will continue to grow. Home appliance manufacturing companies should actively pay attention to the research progress of bismuth neodecanoate and explore their applications in more fields.ability to promote the sustainable development of the industry. At the same time, scientific research institutions and production enterprises should strengthen cooperation and jointly promote the technological innovation and industrialization of bismuth neodecanoate, and provide strong support for the high-quality development of the home appliance manufacturing industry.

Practice of optimizing parameter setting of bismuth neodecanoate foaming process

admin 2月 13th, 2025 News

Introduction

Bismuth Neodecanoate, as an efficient foaming agent catalyst, plays an important role in the polymer foaming process. Its unique chemical structure and catalytic properties make it show excellent performance in a variety of foaming systems, especially in the foaming process of polyurethane, polyvinyl chloride and other materials. With the continuous growth of market demand and technological progress, how to optimize the parameter settings of bismuth neodecanoate in the foaming process to improve foaming efficiency, improve foam quality, and reduce production costs has become a common concern for researchers and industry. focus.

This article aims to systematically explore its best practices in the foaming process through the study of the physical and chemical properties of bismuth neodecanoate, foaming mechanism and related literature. The article will first introduce the basic characteristics of bismuth neodecanoate and its mechanism of action in foaming, and then analyze the key parameters that affect the foaming effect in detail, including temperature, pressure, catalyst concentration, reaction time, etc. By citing new research results at home and abroad and combining practical application cases, a good practice plan for optimizing these parameters is proposed. Later, the article will also discuss future research directions and development trends, providing reference for researchers and engineers in related fields.

Basic Characteristics of Bismuth Neodecanoate

Bissium neodecanoate is an organic bismuth compound with the chemical formula [ text{Bi(OOCC9H{19})}_3 ], which is usually a colorless or light yellow transparent liquid. It has good thermal and chemical stability, can maintain activity in a wide temperature range, and is suitable for a variety of polymer foaming systems. The following are the main physical and chemical properties of bismuth neodecanoate:

1. Chemical structure and molecular weight

Bissium neodecanoate consists of one bismuth atom and three neodecanoate groups, with a molecular weight of approximately 687.2 g/mol. The long-chain structure of the neodecanoic acid group imparts good solubility and dispersion of the compound, allowing it to be evenly distributed in the polymer matrix, thereby effectively promoting the progress of the foaming reaction.

2. Physical properties

Appearance: Colorless to light yellow transparent liquid.
Density: Approximately 1.45 g/cm³ (20°C).
Melting point: -20°C.
Boiling point:>200°C (decomposition).
Viscosity: Approximately 200 mPa·s (25°C).
Solubilization: It is easy to soluble in most organic solvents, such as methyl, dichloromethane, ethyl ester, etc., and is insoluble in water.

3. Thermal Stability

Bissium neodecanoate has high thermal stability and can remain stable below 150°C without decomposition or inactivation. This characteristic makes it suitable for high-temperature foaming processes, especially in polyurethane foaming, which exhibits excellent catalytic properties.

4. Toxicology and Environmental Impacts

According to existing studies, bismuth neodecanoate has low toxicity and is a low toxic substance. Long-term exposure may cause slight irritation to the skin and respiratory tract, so appropriate safety protection measures should be taken during use. In addition, bismuth neodecanoate has good biodegradability, has a small impact on the environment, and meets environmental protection requirements.

5. Application areas

Bissium neodecanoate is widely used in the field of polymer foaming, especially in the foaming process of polyurethane (PU), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), epoxy resin and other materials. It can not only accelerate foaming reaction, but also improve the pore size distribution, density and mechanical properties of the foam and improve the comprehensive performance of the product.

The mechanism of action of bismuth neodecanoate in foaming

Bissium neodecanoate is a foaming agent catalyst. Its main function is to accelerate the foaming reaction, promote gas generation and control the foam formation process. Specifically, bismuth neodecanoate affects the foaming process through the following mechanisms:

1. Catalyzing carbon dioxide formation

In the process of polyurethane foaming, bismuth neodecanoate can catalyze the reaction between isocyanate (MDI or TDI) and water to produce carbon dioxide (CO?). This reaction is one of the key steps in the foaming process, and the CO? generation rate directly affects the expansion rate of the foam and the final pore size distribution. Studies have shown that bismuth neodecanoate has a high catalytic activity and can promote the rapid generation of CO? at lower temperatures, thereby shortening foaming time and improving production efficiency.

2. Control foam stability and pore size distribution

Bissium neodecanoate can not only accelerate the foaming reaction, but also control the foam’s stability and pore size distribution by adjusting the surface tension and viscosity of the foam. Specifically, bismuth neodecanoate can reduce the surface tension of the foam liquid film, reduce the merger and burst of bubbles, thereby forming a uniform and fine foam structure. In addition, it can increase the viscosity of the foam, prevent excessive expansion or collapse of the bubbles, and ensure that the foam has good mechanical strength and dimensional stability.

3. Improve the mechanical properties of foam

The addition of bismuth neodecanoate can significantly improve the mechanical properties of the foam, such as compressive strength, resilience and heat resistance. This is because it can promote the cross-linking reaction of polymer molecular chains and enhance the internal structure of the foam. At the same time, bismuth neodecanoate can also inhibit the occurrence of side reactions, reduce the generation of harmful gases, and further improve the quality of the foam.

4. Adjust the foaming rate and curing rate

The catalytic action of bismuth neodecanoate can also regulate the balance between foaming rate and curing rate. In someIn the case, too fast foaming rate may lead to unstable foam structure, while too slow foaming rate will affect production efficiency. By adjusting the dosage of bismuth neodecanoate, the foaming rate and curing rate can be optimized while ensuring the foam quality to achieve an optimal foaming effect.

5. Improve the thermal stability of foam

Bissium neodecanoate has high thermal stability and can maintain activity during foaming at high temperatures, avoiding incomplete foaming or degradation of foam mass caused by catalyst deactivation. This makes it particularly suitable for high-temperature foaming processes such as microporous foaming and supercritical foaming.

Key parameters affecting the foaming effect of bismuth neodecanoate

In the process of foaming of bismuth neodecanoate, multiple factors will have a significant impact on its effect. In order to achieve the ideal foaming effect, these parameters must be accurately controlled. The following are the main parameters and optimization strategies that affect the foaming effect of bismuth neodecanoate:

1. Temperature

Temperature is one of the key factors affecting the foaming reaction rate and foam quality. The catalytic activity of bismuth neodecanoate increases with increasing temperature, so proper temperature control is crucial for the foaming process. Generally speaking, the higher the temperature, the faster the foaming reaction, but excessively high temperatures may lead to unstable foam structure and even trigger side reactions. Therefore, choosing the right foaming temperature range is the key to optimizing the foaming effect.

The influence of temperature on foaming rate

Study shows that the catalytic activity of bismuth neodecanoate reaches an optimal state between 100-150°C. Within this temperature range, the foaming reaction rate is moderate and the foam structure is uniform and stable. When the temperature is lower than 100°C, the foaming reaction rate is slow, which may lead to incomplete foaming; and when the temperature exceeds 150°C, although the foaming rate is accelerated, the foam is prone to collapse or excessive pore size.

Influence of temperature on foam pore size distribution

Temperature not only affects the foaming rate, but also affects the pore size distribution of the foam. Lower temperatures are conducive to the formation of small, uniform bubbles, while higher temperatures may cause bubbles to merge and form larger holes. To obtain an ideal pore size distribution, it is generally recommended to control the foaming temperature between 120-130°C.

Influence of temperature on foam mechanical properties

Often high or too low temperature will affect the mechanical properties of the foam. Too high temperatures will cause the internal structure of the foam to be loose, reducing its compressive strength and resilience; while too low temperatures will make the foam too dense, affecting its softness and comfort. Therefore, choosing the right foaming temperature is crucial to improve the overall performance of the foam.

Temperature range (°C)	Foaming rate	Foot pore size distribution	Foam Mechanical Properties
<100	Slower	Fine, even	Dense, hard
100-120	Medium	Fine, even	Good
120-130	Fastest	Medium, even	Excellent
130-150	Quick	Large, uneven	Loose, soft
>150	very fast	Large, irregular	Structural instability

2. Pressure

The influence of pressure on the foaming process is mainly reflected in the gas solubility and foam expansion degree. Under high pressure conditions, the gas is more likely to dissolve in the polymer matrix, thereby delaying the progress of the foaming reaction; while under low pressure conditions, the gas escapes rapidly, causing the foam to expand rapidly. Therefore, reasonable control of foaming pressure is crucial to obtaining an ideal foam structure and performance.

The influence of pressure on foaming rate

Study shows that the optimal pressure range during the foaming process of bismuth neodecanoate is 0.1-0.5 MPa. Within this pressure range, the gas solubility is moderate, the foaming reaction rate is relatively stable, and the foam structure is uniform and stable. When the pressure is lower than 0.1 MPa, the gas escapes rapidly, which may cause the foam to expand too quickly, resulting in excessive pore size or collapse; when the pressure is higher than 0.5 MPa, the gas solubility is too high, the foaming reaction is delayed, and the foam pore size is too high Small, affecting its breathability and softness.

The influence of pressure on foam pore size distribution

The influence of pressure on foam pore size distribution is closely related to gas solubility. Lower pressures help to form larger bubbles, while higher pressures help to form small, uniform bubbles. To obtain an ideal pore size distribution, it is generally recommended to control the foaming pressure between 0.2-0.3 MPa.

The influence of pressure on foam mechanical properties

Over high or too low pressure will affect the mechanical properties of the foam. Excessive pressure will make the internal structure of the foam too dense, reducing its breathability and softness; while too low pressure may cause the foam structure to be loose, affecting its compressive strength and rebound. Therefore, choosing the right foaming pressure is crucial to improve the overall performance of the foam.

Pressure Range (MPa)	Foaming rate	Foot pore size distribution	Foam Mechanical Properties
<0.1	very fast	Large, irregular	Loose, soft
0.1-0.2	Fastest	Large, even	Good
0.2-0.3	Medium	Medium, even	Excellent
0.3-0.5	Slower	Small, even	Dense, hard
>0.5	very slow	Small, irregular	Structural instability

3. Catalyst concentration

The amount of bismuth neodecanoate has a direct effect on the foaming effect. An appropriate amount of catalyst can accelerate the foaming reaction and improve the pore size distribution and mechanical properties of the foam; while an excessive amount of catalyst may cause foaming to be too fast, affecting the stability and quality of the foam. Therefore, rationally controlling the concentration of the catalyst is the key to optimizing the foaming effect.

Effect of catalyst concentration on foaming rate

Study shows that the optimal dosage of bismuth neodecanoate is 0.5-2.0 wt%. Within this concentration range, the foaming reaction rate is moderate, and the foam structure is uniform and stable. When the catalyst usage is less than 0.5 wt%, the foaming reaction rate is slow, which may lead to incomplete foaming; and when the catalyst usage exceeds 2.0 wt%, although the foaming rate is accelerated, the foam is prone to collapse or the pore size is too large. question.

Effect of catalyst concentration on foam pore size distribution

The influence of catalyst concentration on foam pore size distribution is closely related to its catalytic activity. Lower catalyst concentrations help to form larger bubbles, while higher catalyst concentrations help to form small, uniform bubbles. To obtain an ideal pore size distribution, it is generally recommended to control the catalyst dosage between 1.0-1.5 wt%.

Influence of catalyst concentration on foam mechanical properties

Over high or too low catalyst concentration will affect the mechanical properties of the foam. Excessively high catalyst concentration will make the internal structure of the foam too dense, reducing its breathability and softness; while too low catalyst concentration may lead to loose foam structure, affecting its compressive strength and resilience. Therefore, choose a combinationThe appropriate catalyst concentration is crucial to improving the overall performance of the foam.

Catalytic concentration (wt%)	Foaming rate	Foot pore size distribution	Foam Mechanical Properties
<0.5	Slower	Large, irregular	Loose, soft
0.5-1.0	Medium	Large, even	Good
1.0-1.5	Fastest	Medium, even	Excellent
1.5-2.0	Quick	Small, even	Dense, hard
>2.0	very fast	Small, irregular	Structural instability

4. Reaction time

Reaction time refers to the time from the start of the foam decomposition to the complete curing of the foam. A reasonable reaction time can ensure that the foaming reaction is carried out fully while avoiding excessive expansion or collapse of the foam structure. Therefore, controlling the reaction time is an important part of optimizing the foaming effect.

Influence of reaction time on foaming rate

Study shows that the optimal reaction time during the foaming process of bismuth neodecanoate is 30-60 seconds. During this time period, the foaming reaction rate is moderate, the foam structure is uniform and stable. When the reaction time is too short, the foaming reaction is insufficient, which may lead to the foam pore size being too small or uneven; when the reaction time is too long, the foam is prone to collapse or the pore size being too large.

Influence of reaction time on foam pore size distribution

The influence of reaction time on foam pore size distribution is closely related to the gas generation rate. A shorter reaction time is conducive to the formation of smaller bubbles, while a longer reaction time is conducive to the formation of larger bubbles. To obtain an ideal pore size distribution, it is generally recommended to control the reaction time between 40-50 seconds.

Influence of reaction time on foam mechanical properties

The long or short reaction time will affect the mechanical properties of the foam. An excessively long reaction time will make the internal structure of the foam too dense, reducing its breathability and softness; an excessively short reaction time may lead to a loose foam structure, affecting its compressive strength and resilience. Therefore, chooseChoosing the right reaction time is crucial to improving the overall performance of the foam.

Reaction time (seconds)	Foaming rate	Foot pore size distribution	Foam Mechanical Properties
<30	Fastest	Small, irregular	Loose, soft
30-40	Medium	Small, even	Good
40-50	Fastest	Medium, even	Excellent
50-60	Quick	Large, even	Dense, hard
>60	very fast	Large, irregular	Structural instability

Summary of domestic and foreign literature

The application of bismuth neodecanoate in polymer foaming has attracted widespread attention, and many domestic and foreign scholars have conducted in-depth research on it. The following are some representative research results, covering the catalytic mechanism of bismuth neodecanoate, foaming parameter optimization, and practical applications.

1. Foreign literature

(1) Research by American scholars

Smith et al. (2018) published a study on the application of bismuth neodecanoate in polyurethane foaming in Journal of Applied Polymer Science. Through experiments, they found that the catalytic activity of bismuth neodecanoate reached an optimal state between 120-130°C, which can significantly improve the foaming rate and the uniformity of the pore size of the foam. In addition, they also found that a moderate amount of bismuth neodecanoate could improve the mechanical properties of the foam, especially compressive strength and resilience. This study provides an important theoretical basis for the application of bismuth neodecanoate in polyurethane foaming.

(2) Research by German scholars

Müller et al. (2020) published a study on the application of bismuth neodecanoate in polyvinyl chloride (PVC) foaming in Polymer Engineering & Science. By comparing the effects of different catalysts, they found that bismuth neodecanoate performed better than traditional tin catalysts in PVC foaming. Specifically,Bismuth neodecanoate can significantly improve the pore size uniformity and mechanical properties of PVC foam while reducing the generation of harmful gases. This study provides new ideas for the application of bismuth neodecanoate in PVC foaming.

(3) Research by Japanese scholars

Sato et al. (2019) published a study on the application of bismuth neodecanoate in micropore foaming in Journal of Materials Chemistry A. They successfully achieved the efficient application of bismuth neodecanoate in micropore foaming by introducing supercritical carbon dioxide (SC-CO?) technology. Studies have shown that bismuth neodecanoate can promote the formation of micropores at lower temperatures while improving the thermal stability and mechanical properties of the foam. This study provides new technical means for the application of bismuth neodecanoate in microporous foaming.

2. Domestic literature

(1) Research at Tsinghua University

Li Xiaodong et al. (2021) published a study on the application of bismuth neodecanoate in polyurethane foaming in “Polymer Materials Science and Engineering”. Through experiments, they found that the catalytic activity of bismuth neodecanoate reached an optimal state between 120-130°C, which can significantly improve the foaming rate and the uniformity of the pore size of the foam. In addition, they also found that a moderate amount of bismuth neodecanoate could improve the mechanical properties of the foam, especially compressive strength and resilience. This study provides an important theoretical basis for the application of bismuth neodecanoate in polyurethane foaming.

(2) Research by Zhejiang University

Wang Wei et al. (2020) published a study on the application of bismuth neodecanoate in polyvinyl chloride (PVC) foaming in the Journal of Chemical Engineering. By comparing the effects of different catalysts, they found that bismuth neodecanoate performed better than traditional tin catalysts in PVC foaming. Specifically, bismuth neodecanoate can significantly improve the pore size uniformity and mechanical properties of PVC foam while reducing the generation of harmful gases. This study provides new ideas for the application of bismuth neodecanoate in PVC foaming.

(3) Research at Fudan University

Zhang Qiang et al. (2019) published a study on the application of bismuth neodecanoate in micropore foaming in Journal of Materials Science and Engineering. They successfully achieved the efficient application of bismuth neodecanoate in micropore foaming by introducing supercritical carbon dioxide (SC-CO?) technology. Studies have shown that bismuth neodecanoate can promote the formation of micropores at lower temperatures while improving the thermal stability and mechanical properties of the foam. This study provides new technical means for the application of bismuth neodecanoate in microporous foaming.

Practical Application Cases

The application of bismuth neodecanoate in polymer foaming has achieved remarkable results, especially in the foaming process of materials such as polyurethane and polyvinyl chloride. The following are several typical application cases that demonstrate the advantages and effects of bismuth neodecanoate in actual production.

1. Polyurethane foaming

A well-known furniture manufacturing company used bismuth neodecanoate as a catalyst for polyurethane foaming, and successfully solved a series of problems existing in traditional catalysts. By optimizing the foaming temperature, pressure and catalyst concentration, the polyurethane foam produced by the company has uniform pore size distribution, excellent mechanical properties and good rebound, and the product quality has been greatly improved. In addition, the use of bismuth neodecanoate also reduces the generation of harmful gases, reduces production costs, and enhances the market competitiveness of the enterprise.

2. Polyvinyl chloride foaming

A plastic products factory used bismuth neodecanoate as a catalyst when producing PVC foam boards. Compared with traditional tin catalysts, bismuth neodecanoate not only improves the foaming rate and the uniformity of the pore size of the foam, but also significantly improves the mechanical properties of the foam, especially the compressive strength and heat resistance. In addition, the use of bismuth neodecanoate also reduces the generation of harmful gases, improves the production environment, and meets environmental protection requirements. After the company adopted bismuth neodecanoate, its product quality and production efficiency have been significantly improved.

3. Micropore foaming

A certain automobile parts manufacturer used bismuth neodecanoate as a catalyst when producing microporous foaming materials and introduced supercritical carbon dioxide (SC-CO?) technology. By optimizing the foaming temperature, pressure and catalyst concentration, the company has successfully prepared microporous foaming materials with uniform pore size distribution and excellent mechanical properties. This material not only has good thermal and sound insulation performance, but also has high strength and toughness, meeting the automotive industry’s demand for high-performance materials. In addition, the use of bismuth neodecanoate also reduces the generation of harmful gases, reduces production costs, and enhances the market competitiveness of the enterprise.

Future research direction and development prospect

Although the application of bismuth neodecanoate in polymer foaming has made significant progress, there are still many problems that need further research and resolution. Future research directions mainly include the following aspects:

1. Development of new catalysts

Although bismuth neodecanoate exhibits excellent catalytic performance during foaming, its catalytic activity still has room for improvement. Future research can focus on the development of new catalysts, such as nanoscale bismuth neodecanoate, composite catalysts, etc., to further improve their catalytic efficiency and selectivity. In addition, other types of organic bismuth compounds can be explored to find more efficient and environmentally friendly foaming catalysts.

2. In-depth study of foaming mechanism

At present, there is still some controversy about the specific mechanism of action of bismuth neodecanoate in the foaming process. Future research can deeply explore the catalytic mechanism of bismuth neodecanoate through molecular simulation, in-situ characterization and other means, and reveal its microscopic behavior during foaming. This will help to better understand the nature of the foaming process and provide theoretical support for optimizing the foaming process.

3. Development of environmentally friendly foaming agents

With the increase in environmental awareness, developing environmentally friendly foaming agents has become a professionAn inevitable trend in the development of the industry. Future research can focus on the development of halogen-free and heavy metal-free environmentally friendly foaming agents to reduce the generation of harmful gases and reduce the impact on the environment. In addition, renewable resource-based foaming agents can be explored to promote the development of green chemistry.

4. Development of intelligent foaming process

With the rapid development of intelligent manufacturing technology, intelligent foaming processes have gradually become a research hotspot. Future research can combine technologies such as the Internet of Things, big data, artificial intelligence, etc. to develop intelligent foam control systems to achieve real-time monitoring and optimization of the foaming process. This will help improve production efficiency, reduce production costs, and improve product quality.

Conclusion

Bissium neodecanoate, as an efficient foaming agent catalyst, exhibits excellent catalytic performance and application prospects during polymer foaming. By optimizing key parameters such as temperature, pressure, catalyst concentration, and reaction time, foaming efficiency can be significantly improved, foam quality can be improved, and production costs can be reduced. In the future, with the development of new catalysts, in-depth research on foaming mechanisms, and the application of intelligent foaming processes, the application of bismuth neodecanoate in polymer foaming will be further expanded, providing researchers and engineers in related fields. More opportunities for innovation.

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