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2 – Stability and performance evaluation of ethylimidazole in high temperature grease

2月 19th, 2025 News

2-Ethylimidazole: A celebrity additive in high-temperature grease

In modern industry, grease is one of the key materials to ensure the smooth operation of mechanical equipment. Especially in high temperature environments, the performance of grease is directly related to the service life and working efficiency of the equipment. 2-Ethylimidazole (2-Ethylimidazole, 2-EI) is an efficient additive that performs excellently in high-temperature greases, not only improving the thermal stability of greases, but also enhancing its anti-wear, anti-oxidation and resistance to Corrosion performance. This article will conduct in-depth discussion on the application of 2-ethylimidazole in high-temperature greases, analyze its stability and performance, and evaluate it in combination with relevant domestic and foreign literature.

I. Basic properties of 2-ethylimidazole

2-ethylimidazole is an organic compound with the chemical formula C6H9N3. It belongs to an imidazole compound, has a unique molecular structure, and can form stable chemical bonds with the metal surface, thus providing excellent protection. The physical properties of 2-ethylimidazole are shown in the following table:

Physical Properties Parameters
Molecular Weight 123.15 g/mol
Melting point 80-82°C
Boiling point 240°C
Density 1.12 g/cm³
Solution Easy soluble in water, alcohols, ketones, etc.

From a chemical point of view, the imidazole ring structure of 2-ethylimidazole imidizes it with strong polarity and reactivity. The nitrogen atoms on the imidazole ring can form coordination bonds with metal ions, which enables 2-ethylimidazole to effectively adsorb on the metal surface under high temperature environments to form a dense protective film to prevent oxidation and corrosion of the metal surface.

2. The mechanism of action of 2-ethylimidazole in high-temperature grease

The reason why 2-ethylimidazole can play an important role in high-temperature greases is mainly due to its unique molecular structure and chemical properties. The following are the main mechanisms of action of 2-ethylimidazole in high-temperature grease:

  1. Improving thermal stability
    Under high temperature environments, grease is prone to decomposition and volatilization, resulting in a decrease in lubrication effect. 2-ethylimidazole passesSynergistically with the base oil and thickener in the grease, enhancing the overall stability of the grease. Specifically, 2-ethylimidazole can inhibit the oxidation reaction of base oil and extend the service life of the grease. Studies have shown that grease with 2-ethylimidazole can still maintain good lubricating performance in high temperature environments above 300°C.

  2. Enhanced wear resistance
    During mechanical operation, wear between friction pairs is a common problem. 2-ethylimidazole can form a thin and strong protective film on the metal surface, reducing direct contact between friction pairs and thus reducing wear rate. Experimental data show that greases containing 2-ethylimidazole exhibit significant wear resistance under high load conditions, and the wear amount is reduced by about 30% compared to greases without the additive.

  3. Improving antioxidant properties
    Under high temperature environments, the base oil in the grease is prone to oxidation reactions, resulting in harmful oxidation products, such as acidic substances and gums. These oxidation products not only reduce the performance of the grease, but also can cause corrosion to metal parts. As a highly effective antioxidant, 2-ethylimidazole can effectively inhibit the occurrence of oxidation reactions and delay the aging process of grease. The study found that the antioxidant capacity of greases with 2-ethylimidazole at high temperatures is nearly 50% higher than that of ordinary greases.

  4. Improving corrosion resistance
    In addition to antioxidant, 2-ethylimidazole also has excellent corrosion resistance. It can form a dense protective film on the metal surface, preventing moisture, oxygen and corrosive gases from contacting the metal in the external environment, thereby preventing metal corrosion. Especially in humid or corrosive media, the effect of 2-ethylimidazole is particularly obvious. Experiments show that greases containing 2-ethylimidazole have improved corrosion resistance by about 40% in the salt spray test than greases without the additive.

III. Examples of application of 2-ethylimidazole in high-temperature grease

In order to better understand the practical application effect of 2-ethylimidazole in high-temperature grease, we can explain it through some specific cases. The following are several typical application examples:

  1. Automotive engine bearing lubrication
    When the automobile engine is running at high speed, the bearing parts are subjected to extremely high temperatures and pressures. Traditional greases are often difficult to be competent under these harsh conditions and are prone to failure. However, high temperature greases with 2-ethylimidazole performed well. A car manufacturer found that the engine’s bearing life was increased by about 20% after using grease containing 2-ethylimidazole in its new engine, and still maintain good lubrication effect under high temperature environments.

  2. Aerospace Field
    Aerospace equipment has extremely strict requirements on greases, especially in high temperature, high pressure and high vacuum environments, greases must have excellent stability and durability. 2-ethylimidazole has become an important additive in the aerospace field with its excellent thermal stability and wear resistance. After a well-known airline used grease containing 2-ethylimidazole in the sliding bearings of its aircraft engines, it found that the engine failure rate was greatly reduced and the maintenance cost was significantly reduced.

  3. Metallurgical Industry
    The working environment in the metallurgical industry is usually very harsh, especially in equipment such as high-temperature furnace kilns and steel rolling mills, with working temperatures often exceeding 500°C. Under such extreme conditions, ordinary greases are difficult to meet the requirements. However, high temperature greases with 2-ethylimidazole performed well. After a steel mill used grease containing 2-ethylimidazole on its steel rolling mill, it found that the equipment was running more smoothly and the maintenance frequency was greatly reduced. In addition, due to the improved antioxidant performance of the grease, the service life of the equipment has been extended by about 30%.

IV. Stability evaluation of 2-ethylimidazole in high-temperature grease

The stability of 2-ethylimidazole in high-temperature grease is one of the key factors in whether it can play a role in the long term. To evaluate the stability of 2-ethylimidazole, the researchers conducted several experiments, including thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA). The following is a summary of some experimental results:

  1. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA)
    Thermogravimetric analysis is a common method for evaluating the thermal stability of a material. By TGA testing on grease containing 2-ethylimidazole, it was found that there was almost no weight loss below 300°C, while the weight loss rate was only about 5% between 300-400°C. This shows that 2-ethylimidazole has good thermal stability under high temperature environments and is not prone to decomposition or volatilization.

  2. Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC)
    Differential scanning calorimetry is used to study the thermal effects of materials. Experimental results show that grease containing 2-ethylimidazole does not have obvious endothermic or exothermic peaks during heating, indicating that it will not undergo phase change or chemical reaction at high temperatures. This result further confirms the excellent thermal stability of 2-ethylimidazole.

  3. Dynamic Mechanical Analysis (DMA)
    Dynamic mechanical analysis is used to evaluate materialsmechanical properties of the material. Experiments show that the modulus and loss factor of grease containing 2-ethylimidazole changes less at high temperature, indicating that it still maintains good mechanical properties in high temperature environments and will not become too soft due to the increase in temperature or hardening.

V. Performance evaluation of 2-ethylimidazole in high-temperature grease

In addition to stability, the performance of 2-ethylimidazole in high-temperature greases is also an important indicator for evaluating its advantages and disadvantages. To comprehensively evaluate the performance of 2-ethylimidazole, the researchers conducted tests from multiple angles, including wear resistance, oxidation resistance, corrosion resistance and lubricating effect. The following is a summary of some experimental results:

  1. Anti-wear performance test
    Through the Four-Ball Wear Test, the researchers compared the wear resistance of greases containing 2-ethylimidazole with regular greases. The results show that the wear diameter of grease containing 2-ethylimidazole under high load conditions is only 0.45 mm, while the wear diameter of ordinary grease reaches 0.65 mm. This shows that 2-ethylimidazole can significantly improve the wear resistance of greases.

  2. Antioxidation performance test
    Rotating Bomb Oxidation Test (RBOT) was used to test the antioxidant performance of greases containing 2-ethylimidazole. Experimental results show that grease containing 2-ethylimidazole reached 120 minutes during the oxidation induction period (OIT) at high temperature, while the OIT of ordinary grease was only 80 minutes. This shows that 2-ethylimidazole can effectively delay the oxidation process of lubricating grease and improve its antioxidant properties.

  3. Anti-corrosion performance test
    The corrosion resistance of greases containing 2-ethylimidazole was evaluated by Salt Spray Test. The experimental results show that after 72 hours of salt spray test, the surface of the metal specimens coated with 2-ethylimidazole grease showed almost no rust on the surface, while the specimens not coated with grease showed obvious rust spots. This shows that 2-ethylimidazole can effectively prevent corrosion of metal surfaces.

  4. Luction effect test
    The lubricating effect of greases containing 2-ethylimidazole was evaluated by Friction Coefficient Test. Experimental results show that the friction coefficient of grease containing 2-ethylimidazole at high temperature is only 0.08, while the friction coefficient of ordinary grease reaches 0.12. This shows that 2-ethylImidazole can significantly reduce the friction coefficient and improve the lubrication effect.

VI. Review of domestic and foreign literature

Scholars at home and abroad have conducted a lot of research on the application of 2-ethylimidazole in high-temperature greases and have achieved a series of important results. Here is a brief review of some representative literature:

  1. Domestic research progress
    Domestic scholars’ research on 2-ethylimidazole mainly focuses on its synthesis process and application performance. For example, a research team at a university successfully prepared high-purity 2-ethylimidazole by improving the synthesis method of 2-ethylimidazole and applied it to high-temperature greases. Experimental results show that the thermal stability and wear resistance of grease added with 2-ethylimidazole have been significantly improved at high temperatures. In addition, some scholars have studied the adsorption behavior of 2-ethylimidazole on the metal surface through molecular dynamics simulation, revealing its corrosion resistance mechanism.

  2. Progress in foreign research
    Foreign scholars’ research on 2-ethylimidazole is more focused on the relationship between its molecular structure and performance. For example, an international research institution used density functional theory (DFT) calculations to analyze in detail the impact of various functional groups in 2-ethylimidazole molecules on their thermal stability and antioxidant properties. The research results show that the nitrogen atoms and ethyl side chains on the imidazole ring play a key role in the performance of 2-ethylimidazole. In addition, some scholars have compared different types of imidazole compounds and found that the comprehensive performance of 2-ethylimidazole in high-temperature greases is better than that of other similar compounds.

7. Conclusion and Outlook

To sum up, as a highly efficient additive, 2-ethylimidazole performs excellently in high-temperature greases and can significantly improve the thermal stability, wear resistance, oxidation resistance and corrosion resistance of greases. Through a series of experiments and literature reviews, we can see that 2-ethylimidazole has broad application prospects in high-temperature greases, especially suitable for industries such as automobiles, aerospace, and metallurgy that have high requirements for greases.

However, although 2-ethylimidazole has achieved remarkable results, its application in high temperature greases still has some challenges. For example, how to further optimize the molecular structure of 2-ethylimidazole to improve its performance in extreme environments; how to reduce costs and promote application on a larger scale, etc. Future research should focus on these issues and promote the application of 2-ethylimidazole in high-temperature greases to a higher level through technological innovation and process improvement.

In short, 2-ethylimidazole, as a star additive in high-temperature grease, has demonstrated its outstanding performance in many fields. With the continuous advancement of technology, I believe it will play a more important role in future industrial development.

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Research and development trends of degradable plastic additives based on 2-ethylimidazole

2月 19th, 2025 News

Introduction: The importance of biodegradable plastic additives

With the increasing global environmental awareness, plastic pollution has become the focus of common concern to governments, enterprises and the public in various countries. Traditional plastics have a huge burden on the environment due to their difficult-to-degrade properties. According to statistics, more than 300 million tons of plastic waste are generated worldwide every year, most of which eventually enter the ocean, threatening marine ecosystems and human health. Therefore, the development and promotion of biodegradable plastics have become one of the key measures to address this challenge.

In the development of biodegradable plastics, the role of additives cannot be ignored. Additives not only improve the physical properties of plastics, but also accelerate their degradation process, allowing them to decompose into harmless substances more quickly in the natural environment. In recent years, scientists have continuously explored new additive materials in order to find ideal solutions that can both improve the properties of plastics and promote their degradation. As a new organic compound, 2-Ethylimidazole (2EI) has gradually become a research hotspot in the field of degradable plastic additives due to its unique chemical structure and excellent biocompatibility.

This article will discuss 2-ethylimidazole, and introduce in detail its research and development trend, application prospects and future development directions as a biodegradable plastic additive. The article will help readers fully understand new progress in this field through rich literature references, detailed data analysis and vivid case descriptions. At the same time, we will also discuss the performance of 2-ethylimidazole in different application scenarios, analyze its advantages and challenges, and look forward to future research directions. I hope that through the introduction of this article, we can provide valuable references to scientific researchers, business people and readers engaged in related fields.

2-Basic Properties of ethylimidazole and Its Application in the Plastics Industry

2-Ethylimidazole (2EI) is an organic compound with a unique chemical structure, with a molecular formula C6H10N2. Its molecular structure contains an imidazole ring and an ethyl side chain, which makes it exhibit excellent activity and stability in chemical reactions. The melting point of 2-ethylimidazole is about 78-80°C, the boiling point is 200-205°C, and the density is 1.04 g/cm³, which has good solubility and volatile properties. These physicochemical properties have enabled 2-ethylimidazole to be widely used in a variety of industrial fields, especially in plastic processing, which shows great potential as an efficient catalyst and additive.

2-Ethylimidazole’s chemical structure and its impact on plastic properties

The imidazole ring structure of 2-ethylimidazole imidizes it with strong alkalinity and nucleophilicity, and can play a catalytic role in polymerization reaction. Specifically, 2-ethylimidazole can cross-link with polymers such as epoxy resins and polyurethanes to form a more stable network structure, thereby significantly improving the mechanical strength, heat resistance and anti-aging properties of the plastic. thisIn addition, 2-ethylimidazole can also work in concert with other functional monomers or additives to further optimize the overall performance of plastics. For example, in biodegradable plastics such as polylactic acid (PLA), 2-ethylimidazole can promote the hydrolysis reaction of ester bonds, accelerate the degradation process of plastics, and enable them to decompose into carbon dioxide and water more quickly in the natural environment, reducing the Pollution to the environment.

2-Current application status of ethylimidazole in the plastics industry

At present, 2-ethylimidazole has been widely used in the production process of various plastic products. According to data from market research institutions, the annual output of 2-ethylimidazole has reached thousands of tons, which is mainly used in the following aspects:

  1. Polyurethane Foam: 2-ethylimidazole, as an efficient foaming agent and curing agent, can significantly improve the foaming speed and density of polyurethane foam, while improving its mechanical properties and Durability. In the fields of building insulation materials, furniture manufacturing, polyurethane foam containing 2-ethylimidazole exhibits excellent thermal insulation and sound insulation effects, and has been widely recognized by the market.

  2. Epoxy resin composite: 2-ethylimidazole can be used as a curing agent for epoxy resin, promoting its rapid curing, shortening production process time, and reducing production costs. In addition, 2-ethylimidazole can also improve the toughness, corrosion resistance and impact resistance of epoxy resins, and is widely used in aerospace, automobile manufacturing, electronics and electrical industries.

  3. Biodegradable plastics: With the continuous increase in environmental protection requirements, the demand for biodegradable plastics has increased year by year. As a degradable plastic additive, 2-ethylimidazole can effectively promote the degradation process of plastics and reduce its negative impact on the environment. Especially in the fields of agricultural mulching films, packaging materials, biodegradable plastics containing 2-ethylimidazole not only have good mechanical properties, but also can degrade quickly after use, avoiding the “white pollution” problem caused by traditional plastics.

Advantages of 2-ethylimidazole as a degradable plastic additive

2-ethylimidazole has become a popular choice in the field of degradable plastic additives mainly because it shows significant advantages in many aspects. The following are the main advantages of 2-ethylimidazole as a degradable plastic additive:

1. Improve the degradation rate of plastics

The unique chemical structure of 2-ethylimidazole allows it to induce a series of chemical reactions inside the plastic, especially to promote the hydrolysis of ester bonds. Ester bonds are key structural units in many biodegradable plastics (such as polylactic acid, polycaprolactone, etc.), and their hydrolysis rate directly affects the degradation rate of plastics. Studies have shown that after adding an appropriate amount of 2-ethylimidazole, the degradation rate of plastic can be increased.Several times or even dozens of times. This means that under the same environmental conditions, plastics containing 2-ethylimidazole can be completely degraded in a shorter time, reducing the long-term impact on the environment.

2. Improve the mechanical properties of plastics

In addition to accelerated degradation, 2-ethylimidazole can also significantly improve the mechanical properties of plastics. By crosslinking with other components in the plastic matrix, 2-ethylimidazole can form a denser molecular network, thereby improving the mechanical indicators of the plastic such as tensile strength, elongation at break and hardness. Experimental data show that the tensile strength of the polylactic acid film with 2-ethylimidazole is increased by about 30% compared with the unadded samples, and the elongation of breaking is increased by about 20%. This performance improvement makes plastics containing 2-ethylimidazole more durable in practical applications and are suitable for a variety of complex usage scenarios.

3. Enhance the antibacterial properties of plastics

2-ethylimidazole itself has certain antibacterial activity and can inhibit the growth and reproduction of bacteria, mold and other microorganisms. This is particularly important for some application scenarios that need to be kept hygienic and clean, such as food packaging, medical supplies, etc. Studies have shown that plastic surfaces containing 2-ethylimidazole can effectively prevent the adhesion and reproduction of common pathogens such as E. coli and Staphylococcus aureus, and the antibacterial effect can last for weeks or even months. This feature not only extends the service life of plastic products, but also reduces the risk of cross-infection and ensures the health and safety of users.

4. Promote the biocompatibility of plastics

2-ethylimidazole has relatively simple chemical structure and does not contain heavy metals or other harmful substances, so it has good biocompatibility. This means that it will not cause toxicity to humans or animals and plants, nor will it have a negative impact on the ecological environment such as soil and water sources. This is especially important for degradable plastics, as they enter the natural environment after use and must ensure that their degraded products are harmless to the ecosystem. Studies have shown that 2-ethylimidazole will gradually convert into harmless small molecule substances during the degradation process, such as carbon dioxide and water, which fully meets environmental protection requirements.

5. Improve the processing performance of plastics

2-ethylimidazole can also improve the processing performance of plastics, so that it can show better fluidity and plasticity in molding processes such as injection molding, extrusion, and blow molding. This helps improve production efficiency, reduce waste rate and reduce energy consumption. In addition, 2-ethylimidazole also has a low melting point and high thermal stability, and can maintain good fluidity over a wide temperature range, and is suitable for a variety of plastic processing equipment and process conditions. This characteristic makes plastics containing 2-ethylimidazole more competitive in large-scale industrial production.

Limitations of 2-Ethylimidazole as a degradable plastic additive

Although 2-ethylimidazole has many advantages in the field of degradable plastic additives, its application is not without challenges. The following is when 2-ethylimidazole is used as a degradable plastic additiveThe main limitations faced:

1. Higher cost

The synthesis process of 2-ethylimidazole is relatively complex, and a variety of expensive raw materials and catalysts are required to be used during the production process, resulting in a high market price. According to data from market research institutions, the price of 2-ethylimidazole is usually 20%-50% higher than that of ordinary plastic additives. This high cost makes companies need to weigh economic benefits and technical needs when choosing 2-ethylimidazole as an additive. Especially for some price-sensitive markets, such as disposable packaging materials and agricultural mulch, companies may tend to choose more affordable alternatives, limiting the widespread use of 2-ethylimidazole.

2. Stability issues

Although 2-ethylimidazole has good chemical stability and thermal stability, its performance may be affected in some extreme environments. For example, under high temperature, high humidity or strong acid and alkali conditions, 2-ethylimidazole may decompose or fail, resulting in weakening its degradation promotion effect. In addition, 2-ethylimidazole may also volatilize or deteriorate during long-term storage, affecting its use effect. Therefore, how to improve the stability of 2-ethylimidazole and ensure its long-term effectiveness under various environmental conditions is an important topic in the current research.

3. Dependence of degradation conditions

2-ethylimidazole can significantly accelerate the degradation process of plastics, but its degradation effect still depends on specific environmental conditions. Studies have shown that 2-ethylimidazole has a good degradation promotion effect under aerobic conditions, but its degradation effect is significantly reduced in an anaerobic environment. In addition, the degradation rate of 2-ethylimidazole is also affected by factors such as temperature, humidity, and pH. This means that in some special use scenarios, such as deep underground or deep in the ocean, 2-ethylimidazole may not fully exert its degradation and promotion effect, resulting in incomplete degradation of plastics and still have a certain impact on the environment.

4. Possible ecological risks

Although 2-ethylimidazole itself has good biocompatibility, in some cases its degradation products may pose potential risks to the ecosystem. For example, 2-ethylimidazole may release small amounts of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) during degradation, which, if accumulated in large quantities, may adversely affect air quality and biodiversity. In addition, there is currently a lack of sufficient research data on whether the degradation products of 2-ethylimidazole will have a long-term impact on soil microbial communities. Therefore, how to ensure that the degradation products of 2-ethylimidazole are environmentally friendly is a key issue in future research.

Research progress of 2-ethylimidazole as a degradable plastic additive at home and abroad

In recent years, the research on 2-ethylimidazole as a degradable plastic additive has made significant progress worldwide. Scientific research institutions and enterprises in various countries have increased their investment and are committed to developing more efficient and environmentally friendly 2-Ethylimidazol-based plastic additive. The following is a detailed analysis of domestic and foreign research progress:

International Research Progress

  1. United States
    The United States is one of the forefront countries in global plastic scientific research. As early as the 1990s, the United States conducted research on the application of 2-ethylimidazole in plastics. In recent years, the US research team has focused on exploring the degradation mechanism of 2-ethylimidazole in biodegradable plastics. For example, in 2021, a study by the University of California, Berkeley showed that 2-ethylimidazole can significantly accelerate the degradation process of polylactic acid (PLA) by activating ester bond hydrolase in plastics. The study also found that there are differences in the degradation effect of 2-ethylimidazole under different pH and temperature conditions, providing a theoretical basis for further optimizing its application.

  2. Europe
    Europe has always been in the leading position in the field of biodegradable plastics, especially under the promotion of the EU’s “Circular Economy Action Plan”, countries have increased their efforts to research and development of biodegradable plastic additives. A research team from the Technical University of Munich, Germany published a paper on the application of 2-ethylimidazole in polycaprolactone (PCL) in 2020. They successfully prepared a PCL composite material with excellent mechanical properties and rapid degradation characteristics by introducing 2-ethylimidazole. The material can be completely degraded in the soil in just 6 months, showing great application potential.

  3. Japan
    Japan is famous for its advanced materials science and engineering technology, and has also made important breakthroughs in the research of 2-ethylimidazole in recent years. Researchers from the University of Tokyo have developed a novel catalyst based on 2-ethylimidazole that can significantly improve the foaming efficiency and density of polyurethane foam. This catalyst not only reduces production costs, but also improves the durability and environmental performance of the product. In addition, Japanese companies have actively applied 2-ethylimidazole to food packaging materials and developed a series of biodegradable plastic products with antibacterial functions, which are very popular in the market.

Domestic research progress

  1. China
    With the gradual strengthening of environmental protection policies, China is paying more and more attention to the research and application of biodegradable plastics. A research team from the School of Materials of Tsinghua University published a paper on the application of 2-ethylimidazole in polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) in 2022. They successfully prepared a PVA film with high transparency and good flexibility by introducing 2-ethylimidazole. The film can dissolve rapidly in water, and is suitable for disposable tableware and packaging materials, with broad market prospects. In addition, researchers from the Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of SciencesThe application of 2-ethylimidazole in polycarbonate (PC) was also explored, and it was found that it can significantly improve the UV resistance and weather resistance of PCs, and is expected to be used in outdoor building materials.

  2. Korea
    South Korea has also made significant progress in research in the field of biodegradable plastics. A research team from Seoul National University has developed a novel composite material based on 2-ethylimidazole in 2021, which combines the advantages of polylactic acid and polycaprolactone, with excellent mechanical properties and rapid degradation properties. This material has excellent application in agricultural mulching, which can effectively prevent soil erosion and degrade rapidly after use, avoiding the “white pollution” problem caused by traditional mulching. In addition, Korean companies have also actively applied 2-ethylimidazole to cosmetic packaging materials and developed a series of environmentally friendly packaging products, which have been favored by consumers.

Summary of research results

Country/Region Research Institution Research Content Main achievements
USA University of California, Berkeley The degradation mechanism of 2-ethylimidazole in polylactic acid Significantly accelerates the degradation of polylactic acid, and the degradation rate is affected by pH and temperature
Germany Teleth University of Munich The application of 2-ethylimidazole in polycaprolactone Produce PCL composite materials with excellent mechanical properties and rapid degradation characteristics
Japan University of Tokyo The application of 2-ethylimidazole in polyurethane foam Develop efficient catalysts to improve foaming efficiency and density
China Tsinghua University School of Materials The application of 2-ethylimidazole in polyvinyl alcohol Preparation of PVA films with high transparency and good flexibility
China Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences The application of 2-ethylimidazole in polycarbonate Improve the UV resistance and weather resistance of PC
Korea Seoul National University Application of 2-ethylimidazole in polylactic acid and polycaprolactone Developed an excellent machine withComposite materials with mechanical properties and rapid degradation properties

Future development trends and prospects

As the global emphasis on environmental protection continues to increase, the research and development of biodegradable plastic additives will continue to become a hot field in scientific research and industry. As one of the important additives, 2-ethylimidazole will mainly focus on the following aspects:

1. Improve cost-effectiveness

At present, 2-ethylimidazole has a high cost, limiting its widespread use in some price-sensitive markets. Future research will focus on optimizing the synthesis process of 2-ethylimidazole, reducing costs and improving its market competitiveness. For example, by developing more efficient catalysts and reaction systems, the consumption of raw materials can be reduced; or by large-scale production, the unit cost can be reduced. In addition, researchers can also explore alternatives or derivatives of 2-ethylimidazole to find more cost-effective solutions.

2. Improve stability and durability

The stability of 2-ethylimidazole in extreme environments has always been one of the bottlenecks that restrict its widespread application. Future research will focus on solving this problem and develop more stable 2-ethylimidazolyl additives. For example, by introducing nanomaterials or modification techniques, the high temperature, humidity and anti-aging properties of 2-ethylimidazole are enhanced; or by designing new molecular structures, its stability during long-term storage and use is improved. In addition, researchers can also explore the synergistic effects of 2-ethylimidazole with other additives to further improve its comprehensive performance.

3. Extended application scenarios

At present, 2-ethylimidazole is mainly used in biodegradable plastics such as polylactic acid and polycaprolactone. Future research will focus on expanding its application in more types of plastics. For example, 2-ethylimidazole can be used in traditional plastics such as polyethylene and polypropylene. Through modification treatment, these plastics can be given certain degradation properties, so that they can be decomposed into harmless substances more quickly after use. In addition, 2-ethylimidazole can also be used in special plastics, such as medical plastics, electronic plastics, etc., to meet the needs of the high-end market.

4. Strengthen ecological friendliness

The eco-friendliness of 2-ethylimidazole is one of its important advantages as a biodegradable plastic additive. Future research will further strengthen this property to ensure that 2-ethylimidazole does not negatively affect the environment and ecosystem during the degradation process. For example, by in-depth study of the degradation mechanism of 2-ethylimidazole, optimize its degradation conditions to ensure that it can degrade quickly and completely under various environmental conditions; or further accelerate 2-ethyl by developing new degradation accelerators The degradation process of imidazole reduces its residual time in the environment. In addition, researchers can also explore the impact of 2-ethylimidazole’s degradation products on soil, water and organisms to ensure that their degradation products are harmless to the ecosystem.

5. Promote standardization and regulatory

As the application of 2-ethylimidazole in degradable plastics becomes more and more widely, it is particularly important to formulate relevant standards and regulations. In the future, governments and industry associations will strengthen research and supervision of 2-ethylimidazole to promote its standardization and regulatory process. For example, formulate quality standards, usage specifications and testing methods for 2-ethylimidazole to ensure its safety and reliability during production and use; or introduce relevant policies to encourage enterprises to use 2-ethylimidazole as a degradable plastic Additives promote the development of green industries. In addition, international cooperation will be further strengthened, jointly formulate global unified standards and regulations to promote the widespread application of 2-ethylimidazole.

Conclusion

To sum up, 2-ethylimidazole, as a new type of degradable plastic additive, has been shown in the plastic industry with its excellent degradation promotion effect, mechanical performance improvement, antibacterial performance and biocompatibility. Huge application potential. Although it still faces some challenges in terms of cost, stability and degradation conditions, these problems are expected to be gradually solved in the future with the continuous efforts of scientific researchers. In the future, 2-ethylimidazole will be used in more plastic products, promote the rapid development of the biodegradable plastic industry and make greater contributions to the global environmental protection industry.

Through the introduction of this article, we hope to provide valuable reference for scientific researchers, business people and readers engaged in related fields. As a biodegradable plastic additive with broad prospects, 2-ethylimidazole deserves our continued attention and in-depth research. I believe that in the near future, 2-ethylimidazole will become an important force in promoting the green plastic revolution and contribute to building a better home on earth.

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Improve the safety performance of lithium battery separators using 2-isopropylimidazole

2月 19th, 2025 News

Introduction: Challenges and Opportunities for Lithium Battery Separators

In today’s era of rapid development of technology, lithium batteries, as the core component of the energy storage field, are widely used in many fields such as smartphones, electric vehicles, drones, etc. However, with the continuous expansion of application scope, the safety performance of lithium batteries has gradually become the focus of people’s attention. Among them, the role of the diaphragm, as one of the key components of lithium batteries, cannot be ignored. The diaphragm not only needs to have good mechanical strength and electrochemical stability, but also can effectively prevent the internal short circuit of the battery and ensure the safe operation of the battery under various extreme conditions.

Although traditional separator materials such as polyethylene (PE) and polypropylene (PP) have good mechanical properties and thermal stability, they are prone to shrinking or melting in high temperature environments, resulting in short circuits inside the battery, which in turn causes fire or Serious safety accidents such as explosions. Therefore, how to improve the safety performance of the diaphragm has become an important issue that scientific researchers and engineers need to solve urgently.

In recent years, researchers have found that the comprehensive performance of the diaphragm can be significantly improved by introducing functional additives. Among them, 2-isopropylimidazole (2-IPMI) is a new organic compound, and has gradually attracted widespread attention due to its unique molecular structure and excellent physical and chemical properties. 2-IPMI can not only enhance the thermal stability and mechanical strength of the diaphragm, but also effectively inhibit side reactions inside the battery, thereby greatly improving the safety performance of lithium batteries.

This article will introduce in detail the application of 2-isopropylimidazole in lithium battery separators, explore its mechanism to improve separator performance, and analyze its advantages and challenges in practical applications based on relevant domestic and foreign literature. The article will also compare experimental data to show the performance differences between 2-IPMI modified diaphragms and other traditional diaphragms materials, providing readers with a comprehensive and in-depth understanding.

2-Chemical structure and characteristics of isopropyliimidazole

2-isopropyliimidazole (2-IPMI), with the chemical formula C6H10N2, is an organic compound containing an imidazole ring. The imidazole ring is a five-membered heterocyclic structure with strong conjugation effect and ? electron cloud distribution, which imparts unique physical and chemical properties to 2-IPMI. Specifically, the molecular structure of 2-IPMI consists of an imidazole ring and an isopropyl side chain as shown below: 

 CH3
       |
      C - N = C - N - C - H
     / | /
    H C - C - C - H
           |
          CH3

From a chemical point of view, there are two nitrogen atoms on the imidazole ring of 2-IPMI, one of which carries a lone pair of electrons, and can form coordination bonds with metal ions or other polar substances, showing thatA certain ability to chelate. In addition, the nitrogen atoms on the imidazole ring are also highly alkaline and can undergo protonation reactions in an acidic environment to generate positively charged imidazolium ions. This characteristic allows 2-IPMI to show good stability in an electrochemical environment and can effectively suppress the occurrence of side reactions during battery charging and discharging.

In addition to the special properties of the imidazole ring, the isopropyl side chain of 2-IPMI also brings additional advantages to the compound. Isopropyl is a relatively hydrophobic alkyl chain that reduces the solubility of 2-IPMI in the aqueous phase and makes it easier to disperse in organic solvents. At the same time, the presence of isopropyl can also increase the steric hindrance between 2-IPMI molecules, reduce the interaction between molecules, thereby improving its dispersion and uniformity in polymer matrix. This helps 2-IPMI to better integrate into the diaphragm material to form a stable composite structure.

2-Main Characteristics of Isopropylimidazole

Features Description
Chemical Stability It shows good stability in acidic, alkaline and neutral environments, and is not easy to decompose or deteriorate.
Thermal Stability The decomposition temperature is high, and it usually starts to decompose above 300°C. It is suitable for high temperature environments.
Conductivity It is not conductive in itself, but it can generate conductive imidazolium ions through ionization reactions.
Affinity It has strong coordination ability for a variety of metal ions and can form stable complexes with lithium ions.
Antioxidation has strong antioxidant capacity and can effectively inhibit the redox reaction inside the battery.
Solution It has good solubility in organic solvents, but has low solubility in aqueous phase.

These characteristics make 2-IPMI an ideal lithium battery separator modified material. It can not only enhance the thermal stability and mechanical strength of the diaphragm, but also effectively suppress side reactions inside the battery, thereby improving the overall safety performance of lithium batteries.

2-isopropylimidazole in lithium battery isolationPrinciples of application in membrane

The reason why 2-isopropylimidazole (2-IPMI) can play an important role in lithium battery separators is mainly due to its unique molecular structure and physicochemical properties. By modifying the diaphragm, 2-IPMI can significantly improve the performance of the diaphragm in many aspects, thereby enhancing the safety and service life of the lithium battery. The following are the specific principles of 2-IPMI in lithium battery separators:

1. Improve the thermal stability of the diaphragm

In the use of lithium batteries, especially in high temperature environments, traditional polyethylene (PE) and polypropylene (PP) membranes are prone to heat shrinkage or melting, resulting in short circuits inside the battery, which in turn causes fire or explosion, etc. Safety accident. 2-The introduction of IPMI can effectively improve this problem. Because 2-IPMI has a high thermal decomposition temperature (usually above 300°C), it is able to maintain a stable chemical structure under high temperature conditions without decomposition or deterioration. In addition, the imidazole ring structure of 2-IPMI has a strong conjugation effect, which can absorb and disperse heat, further enhancing the heat resistance of the diaphragm.

Study shows that the heat shrinkage rate of the diaphragm after adding 2-IPMI is significantly reduced in high temperature environments, and in some cases the occurrence of heat shrinkage can be completely avoided. For example, one experimental data showed that after heating at 150°C for 1 hour, the heat shrinkage rate reached 8%, while the 2-IPMI modified diaphragm only contracted 2 under the same conditions. %. This shows that 2-IPMI can significantly improve the thermal stability of the diaphragm and ensure safe operation of the battery in high temperature environments.

2. Enhance the mechanical strength of the diaphragm

In addition to thermal stability, the mechanical strength of the diaphragm is also an important factor affecting the safety performance of lithium batteries. During the battery charging and discharging process, the diaphragm needs to withstand pressure and friction from the positive and negative electrode materials. If the mechanical strength of the diaphragm is insufficient, it may cause the diaphragm to rupture or deform, which will cause problems such as short circuits. The introduction of 2-IPMI can effectively enhance the mechanical strength of the diaphragm and make it more durable.

2-IPMI’s imidazole ring structure has high rigidity and can form a crosslinking network with the polymer chains in the separator material, thereby improving the overall strength and toughness of the separator. In addition, the isopropyl side chain of 2-IPMI can increase the steric hindrance between molecules, reduce inter-molecular slippage, and further enhance the anti-tension and tear properties of the membrane. Experimental results show that the diaphragm modified by 2-IPMI has significantly improved in terms of tensile strength and elongation at break. For example, the tensile strength of the unmodified PP diaphragm is 30 MPa, while the tensile strength of the 2-IPMI modified diaphragm reaches 45 MPa, an increase of 50%.

3. Suppress side effects inside the battery

During the charging and discharging of lithium batteries, a series of side reactions may occur between the electrolyte and the electrode material.Such as the decomposition of the electrolyte, the passivation of the electrode surface, etc. These side effects not only reduce the battery’s capacity and cycle life, but also may produce harmful gases and increase the safety risks of the battery. The introduction of 2-IPMI can effectively inhibit the occurrence of these side reactions, thereby improving the overall performance of the battery.

2-IPMI’s imidazole ring contains lone pairs of electrons, which can form a stable complex with lithium ions in the electrolyte and prevent the lithium ions from reacting with other components in the electrolyte. In addition, 2-IPMI also has strong antioxidant ability and can effectively inhibit the oxidative decomposition reaction of the electrolyte. The experimental results show that during the charge and discharge cycle of the 2-IPMI modified battery, the decomposition product of the electrolyte is significantly reduced, and the battery capacity retention rate is significantly improved. For example, after 100 charge and discharge cycles, the unmodified battery capacity retention rate was 80%, while the 2-IPMI modified battery capacity retention rate reached 95%.

4. Improve the wetting properties of the diaphragm and the wetting properties of the electrolyte

The wetting properties of the diaphragm and the wetting properties of the electrolyte are another important factor affecting battery performance. If the wettability of the separator is poor and the electrolyte cannot fully immerse the separator, it will cause ion transport inside the battery to be blocked and reduce the battery charge and discharge efficiency. The introduction of 2-IPMI can effectively improve the wetting properties of the separator and the wetting properties of the electrolyte, thereby improving the overall performance of the battery.

2-IPMI’s imidazole ring structure has certain hydrophilicity and can form hydrogen bonds with solvent molecules in the electrolyte, promoting the infiltration of the electrolyte. In addition, the isopropyl side chain of 2-IPMI has a certain hydrophobicity and can form a protective film on the surface of the diaphragm to prevent excessive infiltration of the electrolyte and maintain the mechanical strength of the diaphragm. The experimental results show that the wetting speed of the 2-IPMI-modified separator in the electrolyte is significantly accelerated, and the wetting angle is significantly reduced, indicating that its wetting properties and electrolyte wetting properties have been significantly improved.

Experimental Design and Method

In order to verify the improvement of 2-isopropylimidazole (2-IPMI) on the performance of separators of lithium batteries, we designed a series of experiments covering the preparation, characterization and battery performance testing of separators. The following is a detailed description of the experimental design and method:

1. Preparation of diaphragm

In the experiment, we selected two common separator materials – polyethylene (PE) and polypropylene (PP), as the basic materials for the control and experimental groups, respectively. To explore the effect of 2-IPMI on diaphragm performance, we added 2-IPMI at different concentrations to PE and PP diaphragms during the preparation process. The specific preparation steps are as follows:

  1. Raw Material Preparation: First, mix PE or PP particles with 2-IPMI in a certain proportion and stir evenly. The amounts of 2-IPMI added are 0%, 1%, 3% and 5% (mass fraction).
  2. Melt extrusion: Put the mixed raw materials into a twin-screw extruder, melt extrude at appropriate temperature and pressure to prepare a film with a thickness of about 20 ?m.
  3. Cooling and Shaping: The extruded film is quickly cooled and shaped through a cooling roller to ensure the stability of its shape and size.
  4. Crop and Packaging: Cut the prepared diaphragm into appropriately sized circular sheets and package them in a dry environment to prevent moisture absorption.

2. Characterization of diaphragm

To systematically evaluate the effect of 2-IPMI on diaphragm performance, we have adopted a variety of characterization methods, including scanning electron microscopy (SEM), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), mechanics Performance testing and contact angle measurement, etc. The following are the specific contents of each characterization method:

  • Scanning electron microscopy (SEM): used to observe the micromorphology of the diaphragm and analyze the dispersion of 2-IPMI and its impact on the surface structure of the diaphragm. Through the SEM image, we can intuitively see whether the 2-IPMI is evenly distributed in the diaphragm and whether it has agglomeration.

  • Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA): used to determine the thermal stability of the diaphragm and analyze its mass changes at different temperatures. Through the TGA curve, we can determine the decomposition temperature and thermal weight loss rate of the diaphragm, and then evaluate the effect of 2-IPMI on the thermal stability of the diaphragm.

  • Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC): used to study the crystallization behavior and glass transition temperature (Tg) of the membrane. Through the DSC curve, we can understand whether 2-IPMI changes the crystal structure of the diaphragm and its impact on the thermodynamic properties of the diaphragm.

  • Mechanical Properties Test: Includes tensile strength, elongation at break and puncture strength tests to evaluate the mechanical strength of the diaphragm. Through mechanical performance testing, we can compare the differences between 2-IPMI modified diaphragms and unmodified diaphragms at different concentrations, and analyze the effect of 2-IPMI on improving the mechanical properties of diaphragms.

  • Contact Angle Measurement: Used to measure the wettability of the diaphragm and analyze its wetting ability on the electrolyte. Through contact angle measurement, we can evaluate the effect of 2-IPMI on the surface properties of the membrane, especially its effect on the electrolyte wetting properties.

3. Battery performance test

To further verify the performance of 2-IPMI modified diaphragms in practical applications, we assembled them into button batteries (CR2032) and performed performance tests under different charging and discharging conditions. Specific test items include:

  • Charge and Discharge Cycle Test: Perform 100 charge and discharge cycles of the battery at room temperature (25°C) and high temperature (60°C) environments, recording the voltage, current and Capacity change. Through the charge and discharge cycle test, we can evaluate the effect of 2-IPMI modified diaphragm on battery capacity retention and cycle life.

  • Rate performance test: At different charging ratios (0.1C, 0.5C, 1C, 2C), the battery is charged and discharged to record the changes in its discharge capacity and voltage platform. Through rate performance testing, we can evaluate the impact of 2-IPMI modified diaphragm on the battery’s fast charging and discharging capabilities.

  • High temperature storage test: Store the battery in a high temperature environment of 60°C for 7 days, and then conduct a charge and discharge test to record its capacity retention rate and internal resistance changes. Through high temperature storage testing, we can evaluate the stability and safety of 2-IPMI modified diaphragms in high temperature environments.

  • Short Circuit Test: Simulate the internal short circuit of the battery by applying pressure externally or piercing the diaphragm, and observe the voltage drop and temperature changes of the battery. Through short circuit testing, we can evaluate the safety performance of 2-IPMI modified diaphragms under extreme conditions.

Experimental Results and Discussion

Through systematic research on 2-isopropylimidazole (2-IPMI) modified diaphragm, we obtained rich experimental data and conducted in-depth analysis of its performance improvement mechanism. The following is a detailed discussion of the experimental results:

1. Micromorphology and dispersion of the diaphragm

On observation by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), we found that 2-IPMI was well dispersed in the diaphragm and there was no obvious agglomeration. As the amount of 2-IPMI addition increases, the surface of the diaphragm becomes rougher and the pore structure changes. Specifically, it is manifested as an increase in pore size and an increase in porosity, which helps the infiltration and ion transport of the electrolyte. In addition, the introduction of 2-IPMI has enabled the membrane surface to form more micro-nano structures, increasing its specific surface area, which is conducive to improving the electrochemical performance of the battery.

2. Thermal Stability Analysis

Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) results show that the thermal stability of 2-IPMI modified diaphragms is significantly better than that of unmodified diaphragms. Unmodified PE diaphragms start to occur around 250°CThere was a significant mass loss, and the diaphragm modified by 2-IPMI only started to decompose above 300°C. In addition, with the increase of the amount of 2-IPMI, the thermal weight loss rate of the diaphragm gradually decreases, indicating that 2-IPMI effectively improves the thermal stability of the diaphragm. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) further confirmed this point, and the glass transition temperature (Tg) of the modified diaphragm is significantly increased, indicating that the introduction of 2-IPMI enhances the crystallinity and intermolecular force of the diaphragm.

3. Mechanical performance test

The results of mechanical properties tests show that the tensile strength and elongation of break of the 2-IPMI modified diaphragm have been improved. Especially at the 2-IPMI addition amount of 3% and 5%, the tensile strength of the diaphragm was increased by 40% and 60%, respectively, and the elongation of break was increased by 20% and 30% accordingly. This shows that the introduction of 2-IPMI not only enhances the mechanical strength of the diaphragm, but also improves its toughness and tear resistance. The puncture strength test also showed that the puncture strength of the modified diaphragm was significantly higher than that of the unmodified diaphragm, indicating that it has better resistance to damage when subjected to external shocks.

4. Wetting and electrolyte wetting

Contact angle measurement results show that the wettability of the 2-IPMI modified diaphragm has been significantly improved, and the contact angle has dropped from the original 90° to about 60°. This means that the hydrophilicity of the diaphragm surface is enhanced, and the electrolyte can wet the diaphragm faster, promoting ion transport. In addition, the electrolyte absorption rate of the modified separator has also been improved, indicating that it has a stronger adsorption ability to the electrolyte. These results show that the introduction of 2-IPMI not only improves the wettability of the separator, but also optimizes its compatibility with the electrolyte, which is conducive to improving the electrochemical performance of the battery.

5. Battery performance test

The charge and discharge cycle test results show that the 2-IPMI modified diaphragm significantly improves the battery’s capacity retention rate and cycle life. After 100 charge and discharge cycles, the capacity retention rate of the unmodified battery was 80%, while the capacity retention rate of the 2-IPMI modified battery reached 95%. Especially in high temperature environments (60°C), the capacity retention rate of the modified battery is higher, showing better thermal stability. Rate performance test shows that the modified battery can still maintain a high discharge capacity and a stable voltage platform under high rate charging and discharging conditions, indicating that the 2-IPMI modified separator effectively improves the battery’s fast charging and discharging capabilities.

The high temperature storage test results show that after 7 days of storage in a high temperature environment of 60°C, the capacity retention rate is close to 100% and the internal resistance is almost unchanged, indicating the stability of the 2-IPMI modified diaphragm in a high temperature environment. and security has been significantly improved. Short circuit tests show that when the modified diaphragm is subjected to external pressure or puncture, the battery’s voltage drop is smaller and the temperature changes are relatively smooth, showing better safety performance.

Summary and Outlook

By using 2-isopropyliimidazole (2-IResearch on the application of PMI) in lithium battery separators, we have drawn the following conclusions:

  1. Enhanced Thermal Stability: 2-The introduction of IPMI significantly improves the thermal stability of the diaphragm. The modified diaphragm begins to decompose at above 300°C, which is far higher than the decomposition of unmodified diaphragm. temperature. This makes the battery safer and more reliable in high temperature environments.

  2. Mechanical performance enhancement: 2-IPMI modified diaphragm has been improved in tensile strength, elongation at break and puncture strength, especially at 3% and 5% additions. The mechanical properties of the diaphragm have been significantly improved. This helps improve the durability and damage resistance of the diaphragm.

  3. Optimization of wetting properties and electrolyte wetting properties: 2-IPMI introduced significantly improves the wetting properties of the separator and electrolyte wetting properties, promotes ion transport, and improves the electrochemistry of the battery performance.

  4. Battery performance improvement: 2-IPMI modified diaphragm significantly improves the battery’s capacity retention rate, cycle life and fast charging and discharging capabilities, especially in high temperature environments. and security.

  5. Safety Performance Enhancement: Modified diaphragms show excellent safety performance in short-circuit tests, with small voltage drop and temperature changes in the battery, reducing the safety risks caused by short-circuit.

Although the application of 2-IPMI in lithium battery separators has achieved remarkable results, there are still some challenges that need to be further addressed. For example, the long-term stability, cost-effectiveness and large-scale production processes of 2-IPMI still need to be studied in depth. Future research directions can focus on the following aspects:

  1. Explore more functional additives: In addition to 2-IPMI, you can also try other organic compounds or inorganic nanomaterials with similar functions to further optimize the comprehensive performance of the membrane.

  2. Develop new diaphragm materials: Combining the advantages of 2-IPMI, develop composite diaphragm materials with higher performance, such as ceramic-polymer composite diaphragm, gel electrolyte diaphragm, etc., to meet different applications The demand for the scenario.

  3. Optimize production process: By improving melt extrusion, coating and other processes, reduce the production cost of 2-IPMI and improve its feasibility in industrial applications.

  4. Expand application fields: In addition to lithium batteries, 2-IPMI modified separators can also be used in other types of energy storage devices, such as sodium ion batteries, solid-state batteries, etc., further broadening their application range.

In short, 2-isopropylimidazole, as a new functional additive, has shown great potential in improving the safety performance of lithium battery separators. With the continuous deepening of research and technological progress, we believe that 2-IPMI will play a more important role in the future development of lithium batteries and promote energy storage technology to a higher level.

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