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Compliance requirements and standards for dibutyltin dilaurate under global regulations

9月 23rd, 2024 News

Compliance requirements and standards of dibutyltin dilaurate under global regulations

Introduction

Dibutyltin dilaurate (DBTDL), as an efficient catalyst and stabilizer, has been widely used in many industrial fields. However, its potential health and environmental risks have also attracted the attention of global regulators. This article will discuss the compliance requirements and standards of DBTDL worldwide to help companies and practitioners understand and comply with relevant regulations and ensure the legality and safety of its production and use.

1. International regulations and standards

  1. United Nations Model Regulations for the Transport of Dangerous Goods (UN Model Regulations)

    • Classification: DBTDL is classified as a hazardous chemical and is classified based on its physical and chemical properties and toxicity.
    • Labeling and packaging: Hazard signs and safety information must be marked on the packaging to ensure safety during transportation.
    • Transportation conditions: Specific conditions must be observed during transportation, such as ventilation, isolation, etc., to prevent leaks and accidents.

  2. Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labeling of Chemicals (GHS)

    • Classification: DBTDL is classified into specific categories based on its physical and chemical properties and toxicity, such as skin corrosion/irritation, severe eye damage/eye irritation, etc.
    • Labels and Safety Data Sheets (SDS): Labels and safety data sheets that comply with GHS requirements must be provided, including hazard identification, preventive measures, emergency response and other information.
    • Training: Enterprises and practitioners need to receive GHS training to ensure correct understanding and use of relevant information.

2. European regulations and standards

  1. EU Regulation, Registration, Evaluation, Authorization and Restriction of Chemicals (REACH)

    • Registration: Manufacturers and importers are required to register DBTDL with the European Chemicals Agency (ECHA) and provide detailed chemical properties, toxicological and ecotoxicological data.
    • Assessment: ECHA will assess registered chemicals to determine their potential risks and management measures.
    • Permission: For high-risk chemicals, permission is required before use.
    • Restrictions: DBTDL may be restricted for certain specific uses, such as use in food contact materials.

  2. EU Classification, Labeling and Packaging Regulation (CLP)

    • Classification: DBTDL needs to be classified according to CLP regulations to determine its hazard category and hazard label.
    • Labeling: The packaging must be marked with hazard labels and safety information that comply with CLP requirements.
    • Packaging: Packaging materials and containers must comply with the requirements of CLP regulations to ensure safe transportation and storage.

  3. EU Biocides Regulation (BPR)

    • Registration: If DBTDL is used as a biocide, it needs to be registered with ECHA and provide corresponding safety and efficacy data.
    • Assessment: ECHA will assess registered biocides to determine their potential risks and management measures.
    • Authorization: Only authorized biocides can be sold and used on the EU market.

3. U.S. regulations and standards

  1. US Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA)

    • Occupational Exposure Limits: OSHA has established occupational exposure limits (Permissible Exposure Limits, PEL) for DBTDL, which stipulates the concentrations allowed in the workplace.
    • Personal protective equipment: OSHA requires companies to provide standard-compliant personal protective equipment in the workplace, such as respirators, protective clothing, etc.
    • Training: Enterprises need to conduct safety training for employees to ensure that they understand the hazards and protective measures of DBTDL.

  2. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)

    • Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA): DBTDL requires registration with the EPA and detailed chemical properties, toxicology and ecotoxicology data.
    • Risk Assessment: EPA will conduct a risk assessment of registered chemicals to determine their potential risks and management measures.
    • Use Restrictions: DBTDL may be restricted for certain uses, such as use in drinking water treatment.

  3. U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA)

    • Food contact materials: If DBTDL is used in food contact materials, it must comply with relevant FDA regulations to ensure that it does not pose a threat to food safety.
    • Labels: Labels for food contact materials must comply with FDA requirements and provide necessary safety information.

4. Asian regulations and standards

  1. China

    • Regulations on the Safety Management of Hazardous Chemicals: DBTDL needs to be registered in China and provide detailed chemical properties, toxicology and ecotoxicology data.
    • Occupational Health Standards: China has formulated DBTDL occupational health standardsExposure limits, which specify the concentrations allowed in the workplace.
    • Labels and Safety Data Sheets: Packaging must be marked with hazard labels and safety information that comply with Chinese standards.
    • Environmental Protection Law: The production and use of DBTDL must comply with China’s environmental protection regulations to reduce the impact on the environment.

  2. Japan

    • Chemical Substances Review and Manufacturing Regulation Law (CSCL): DBTDL requires registration in Japan and detailed chemical properties, toxicology and ecotoxicology data.
    • Occupational Safety and Health Law: Japan has established occupational exposure limits for DBTDL, stipulating the concentration allowed in the workplace.
    • Labels and Safety Data Sheets: Packaging must be marked with hazard labels and safety information that comply with Japanese standards.

  3. South Korea

    • Chemical Substances Management Act (K-REACH): DBTDL requires registration in South Korea and providing detailed chemical properties, toxicology and ecotoxicology data.
    • Occupational Safety and Health Law: South Korea has established occupational exposure limits for DBTDL, stipulating the concentration allowed in the workplace.
    • Labels and Safety Data Sheets: Packaging must be marked with hazard labels and safety information that comply with Korean standards.

5. Summary of compliance requirements and standards

  1. Registration and Declaration

    • International: Classification, labeling and packaging in accordance with the requirements of the United Nations Model Regulations for the Transport of Dangerous Goods and GHS.
    • Europe: Register with ECHA and comply with REACH, CLP and BPR regulations.
    • United States: Registered with EPA and OSHA, complies with TSCA and PEL standards.
    • Asia: Registered in China, Japan and South Korea to comply with their respective chemical management and occupational safety and health regulations.

  2. Occupational Safety and Health

    • Occupational exposure limits: Countries have established occupational exposure limits for DBTDL, and companies need to ensure that the concentration in the workplace does not exceed the limit.
    • Personal protective equipment: Provide personal protective equipment that meets standards, such as respirators, protective clothing, etc.
    • Training: Provide safety training to employees to ensure they understand the hazards and protective measures of DBTDL.

  3. Environmental Impact

    • Environmental protection: Reduce the emission of DBTDL and prevent it from causing pollution to the environment.
    • Bioaccumulation: Monitor the accumulation of DBTDL in the environment to prevent biomagnification effects.

  4. Labels and Safety Data Sheets

    • Labeling: The packaging must be marked with hazard signs and safety information that comply with national standards.
    • Safety Data Sheet: Provides detailed chemical properties, toxicological and ecotoxicological data, and emergency measures.

6. Suggestions and prospects

  1. Strengthen regulatory awareness: Enterprises should strengthen their learning and understanding of global regulations and standards to ensure that their production and use comply with relevant requirements.
  2. Compliance Management: Establish a sound compliance management system to ensure that every link complies with regulatory requirements.
  3. Technology R&D: Increase investment in R&D, develop more efficient and environmentally friendly alternatives, and reduce dependence on DBTDL.
  4. International Cooperation: Strengthen cooperation with international organizations and enterprises, share technology and experience, and improve the level of global chemicals management.

Extended reading:

cyclohexylamine

Tetrachloroethylene Perchloroethylene CAS:127-18-4

NT CAT DMDEE

NT CAT PC-5

N-Methylmorpholine

4-Formylmorpholine

Toyocat TE tertiary amine catalyst Tosoh

Toyocat RX5 catalyst trimethylhydroxyethyl ethylenediamine Tosoh

NT CAT DMP-30

NT CAT DMEA

New progress in the synthesis route and purification technology of dibutyltin dilaurate

9月 23rd, 2024 News

New progress in the synthesis route and purification technology of dibutyltin dilaurate

Introduction

Dibutyltin dilaurate (DBTDL), as an efficient catalyst and stabilizer, has been widely used in many industrial fields. This article will review the new progress in the synthesis route of DBTDL and its purification technology, aiming to provide a reference for researchers and enterprises to improve the production efficiency and product quality of DBTDL.

1. Synthetic route of dibutyltin dilaurate

  1. Traditional synthesis methods

    • Reaction principle: The traditional synthesis method mainly prepares DBTDL through the esterification reaction of dibutyltin oxide and lauric acid.
    • Reaction steps:
      1. Raw material preparation: Mix dibutyltin oxide and lauric acid in a certain proportion.
      2. Esterification reaction: At a certain temperature (usually 120-150°C), the raw materials are thoroughly mixed by stirring to carry out esterification reaction.
      3. Post-treatment: After the reaction is completed, the product is purified through filtration, washing, drying and other steps.

  2. Improved synthesis method

    • Catalyst usage: In order to improve reaction efficiency, catalysts, such as sulfuric acid, sodium hydroxide, etc., can be added during the reaction process.
    • Optimization of reaction conditions: Improve the selectivity and yield of the reaction by optimizing conditions such as reaction temperature, time and pressure.
    • Continuous reaction: Use continuous reaction devices to improve production efficiency and reduce the occurrence of side reactions.

  3. Novel synthesis method

    • Microwave-assisted synthesis: Use microwave heating technology to increase reaction rate and yield. Microwave heating can achieve rapid temperature rise, reduce reaction time, and improve reaction selectivity.
    • Ultrasound-assisted synthesis: Use the cavitation effect of ultrasonic waves to promote the mixing and reaction of raw materials and improve reaction efficiency.
    • Solvothermal synthesis: Using solvothermal method to synthesize DBTDL under high temperature and high pressure conditions can reduce the occurrence of side reactions and improve the purity of the product.

II. Purification technology of dibutyltin dilaurate

  1. Traditional purification methods

    • Distillation: Remove unreacted raw materials and by-products through vacuum distillation or molecular distillation to improve the purity of the product.
    • Extraction: Use organic solvents (such as ethanol, methanol, etc.) to extract the crude product to remove impurities.
    • Filtration: Remove insoluble impurities, such as catalyst residues, etc. through filtration.
    • Recrystallization: Dissolve the crude product in a suitable solvent and purify the product by recrystallization.

  2. Improved purification method

    • Membrane separation technology: Use membrane separation technologies such as nanofiltration and reverse osmosis to remove small molecule impurities and solvents and improve the purity of the product.
    • Ion exchange: Remove metal ions and other impurities from the product through ion exchange resin.
    • Adsorption: Use adsorbents such as activated carbon and molecular sieves to remove organic impurities and moisture in the product.

  3. New purification technology

    • Supercritical fluid extraction: Use supercritical carbon dioxide as a solvent to extract and purify DBTDL. Supercritical fluids have good dissolving ability and low toxicity, and can effectively remove impurities.
    • Electrodialysis: Through electrodialysis technology, electrolytes and small molecule impurities in the product are removed to improve the purity of the product.
    • Molecular Imprinting Technology: Use molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) to selectively adsorb and purify DBTDL to improve the purity and selectivity of the product.

3. New progress in synthetic pathways and purification technologies

  1. Microwave-assisted synthesis

    • Research Progress: Microwave-assisted synthesis technology has made significant progress in the preparation of DBTDL. Research shows that microwave heating can significantly shorten the reaction time and improve the selectivity and yield of the reaction.
    • Practical application: Some companies have adopted microwave-assisted synthesis technology in production to achieve efficient and low-cost DBTDL production.

  2. Ultrasound-assisted synthesis

    • Research Progress: Ultrasound-assisted synthesis technology has also made important progress in the preparation of DBTDL. The cavitation effect of ultrasonic waves can promote the mixing and reaction of raw materials and improve reaction efficiency.
    • Practical application: Ultrasound-assisted synthesis technology has been applied to laboratory-scale DBTDL synthesis, showing good application prospects.

  3. Solvothermal Synthesis

    • Research Progress: Solvothermal synthesis technology has demonstrated unique advantages in the preparation of DBTDL. Research shows that solvothermal method can reduce the occurrence of side reactions and improve the purity of the product.
    • Practical Application: Solvothermal synthesis technology is already being tested.It has been successful in large-scale DBTDL synthesis and is expected to be used in industrial production in the future.

  4. Supercritical Fluid Extraction

    • Research Progress: Supercritical fluid extraction technology has demonstrated significant advantages in the purification of DBTDL. Research shows that supercritical carbon dioxide can effectively remove impurities in products and improve product purity.
    • Practical application: Some companies have adopted supercritical fluid extraction technology in production to achieve efficient and environmentally friendly DBTDL purification.

  5. Molecular Imprinting Technology

    • Research Progress: Molecular imprinting technology has demonstrated unique selectivity and efficiency in the purification of DBTDL. Studies have shown that molecularly imprinted polymers can selectively adsorb and purify DBTDL, improving the purity and selectivity of the product.
    • Practical application: Molecular imprinting technology has been applied to laboratory-scale DBTDL purification, showing good application prospects.

4. Conclusion and Outlook

Through a review of new developments in the synthesis routes and purification technologies of dibutyltin dilaurate, we draw the following conclusions:

  1. Synthesis path: Although traditional synthesis methods are mature, they have problems such as long reaction time and many side reactions. New synthesis methods, such as microwave-assisted synthesis, ultrasound-assisted synthesis and solvothermal synthesis, can significantly improve reaction efficiency and yield and reduce the occurrence of side reactions.
  2. Purification technology: Traditional purification methods such as distillation, extraction and filtration, although effective, have problems such as high energy consumption and complex operations. New purification technologies such as supercritical fluid extraction, electrodialysis and molecular imprinting technology can significantly improve the purity and selectivity of products and reduce energy consumption and environmental pollution.

Future research directions will focus more on developing more efficient and environmentally friendly synthesis and purification technologies to reduce the impact on the environment. In addition, by further optimizing the reaction conditions and purification process, the production efficiency and product quality of DBTDL can be further improved, providing technical support for the development of related industries.

5. Suggestions

  1. Increase R&D investment: Companies should increase R&D investment in new synthesis and purification technologies to improve the competitiveness of their products.
  2. Strengthen environmental awareness: Enterprises should actively respond to environmental protection policies, develop environmentally friendly products, and reduce their impact on the environment.
  3. Technical training: Provide technical training to technical personnel on new technologies to ensure that they master advanced synthesis and purification technologies.
  4. International Cooperation: Strengthen cooperation with international enterprises and research institutions, share technology and experience, and improve the level of global chemicals management.

Extended reading:

cyclohexylamine

Tetrachloroethylene Perchloroethylene CAS:127-18-4

NT CAT DMDEE

NT CAT PC-5

N-Methylmorpholine

4-Formylmorpholine

Toyocat TE tertiary amine catalyst Tosoh

Toyocat RX5 catalyst trimethylhydroxyethyl ethylenediamine Tosoh

NT CAT DMP-30

NT CAT DMEA

Application and environmental impact analysis of dibutyltin dilaurate in polyurethane foam production

9月 23rd, 2024 News

Application and environmental impact analysis of dibutyltin dilaurate in the production of polyurethane foam

Introduction

Dibutyltin dilaurate (DBTDL), as an efficient catalyst, plays an important role in the production of polyurethane foam. However, its potential environmental impact cannot be ignored. This article will explore the application of DBTDL in polyurethane foam production, analyze its environmental impact, and propose corresponding mitigation measures.

1. Application of dibutyltin dilaurate in the production of polyurethane foam

  1. Catalytic Mechanism

    • Accelerated reaction: DBTDL can significantly accelerate the reaction between isocyanate and polyol and promote the formation of polyurethane.
    • Controlled foaming: DBTDL helps control the foaming process, making the foam structure more uniform and improving the physical properties of the foam.
    • Improve performance: DBTDL can improve the mechanical properties, thermal stability and weather resistance of polyurethane foam.

  2. Specific applications

    • Soft foam: In the production of soft polyurethane foam, DBTDL can significantly improve the softness and resilience of the foam, and is suitable for furniture, mattresses and other fields.
    • Rigid foam: In the production of rigid polyurethane foam, DBTDL can improve the rigidity and thermal insulation performance of the foam, and is suitable for building insulation, refrigeration equipment and other fields.
    • Spray foam: In the production of spray polyurethane foam, DBTDL can improve the adhesion and durability of the foam, and is suitable for roof waterproofing, wall insulation and other fields.

II. Environmental impact analysis of dibutyltin dilaurate

  1. Toxicity

    • Acute toxicity: DBTDL has certain acute toxicity and can enter the human body through inhalation, skin contact and ingestion, causing respiratory tract irritation, skin redness and swelling and digestive system symptoms.
    • Chronic toxicity: Long-term exposure to DBTDL may lead to chronic poisoning, manifested as damage to the nervous system, abnormal liver and kidney function, etc.
    • Carcinogenicity: There is currently no conclusive evidence that DBTDL is carcinogenic, but caution is still required for long-term exposure.

  2. Bioaccumulation

    • Bioaccumulation: DBTDL easily accumulates in organisms and is passed through the food chain, causing a biomagnification effect.
    • Ecotoxicity: DBTDL is highly toxic to aquatic organisms and may have a negative impact on aquatic ecosystems.

  3. Environmental persistence

    • Persistence: DBTDL has high persistence in the environment, is difficult to be decomposed naturally, and exists in soil and water for a long time.
    • Mobility: DBTDL can migrate through surface runoff and groundwater and enter a wider range of environmental media.

  4. Emissions and Treatment

    • Discharge pathways: DBTDL may be discharged into the environment through waste water, waste gas and waste residue.
    • Treatment technology: Effective wastewater treatment and exhaust gas treatment technologies need to be adopted to reduce DBTDL emissions.

3. Measures to reduce environmental impact

  1. Source Control

    • Reduce usage: Reduce the usage of DBTDL and reduce its environmental load by optimizing the formula and process.
    • Research and development of alternatives: Develop efficient, low-toxic, and environmentally friendly alternative catalysts to gradually replace DBTDL.

  2. Process Control

    • Closed operation: Use closed operations and automated equipment to reduce the volatilization and diffusion of DBTDL.
    • Exhaust gas treatment: Install effective exhaust gas treatment facilities, such as adsorption towers, catalytic combustion devices, etc., to reduce DBTDL emissions in exhaust gas.
    • Wastewater treatment: Use physical, chemical and biological treatment technologies, such as coagulation sedimentation, activated carbon adsorption, biodegradation, etc., to reduce the content of DBTDL in wastewater.

  3. End-of-pipe management

    • Waste treatment: Safely dispose of waste residue containing DBTDL, such as solidification, incineration, etc., to prevent it from entering the environment.
    • Environmental monitoring: Regularly monitor the production site and surrounding environment to detect and deal with environmental problems in a timely manner.

  4. Regulations and Standards

    • Comply with regulations: Strictly implement national and local environmental protection regulations to ensure that the production process meets environmental protection requirements.
    • Industry Standards: Participate in the formulation and improvement of industry standards to improve the environmental protection level of the entire industry.

4. Case analysis

  1. Wastewater treatment case

    • Case Background: A polyurethane foam manufacturer produced wastewater containing DBTDL during the production process.
    • Treatment technology: Using combined treatment technologies such as coagulation sedimentation, activated carbon adsorption and biodegradation to effectively remove DBTDL from wastewater.
    • Treatment effect: The content of DBTDL in the treated wastewater is significantly reduced, reaching the discharge standard and reducing the impact on the environment.

  2. Exhaust gas treatment case

    • Case Background: A polyurethane foam manufacturer produced waste gas containing DBTDL during the production process.
    • Treatment technology: Use adsorption towers and catalytic combustion devices to treat waste gas.
    • Treatment effect: The content of DBTDL in the treated exhaust gas is significantly reduced, reaching the emission standards and reducing the impact on the atmospheric environment.

  3. Waste disposal case

    • Case Background: A polyurethane foam manufacturer produced waste residue containing DBTDL during the production process.
    • Disposal technology: Use solidification and incineration technology to safely dispose of waste residue.
    • Treatment effect: DBTDL in the waste residue is effectively removed, reducing pollution to soil and groundwater.

5. Conclusions and suggestions

Through the analysis of the application of dibutyltin dilaurate in the production of polyurethane foam and its environmental impact, we draw the following conclusions:

  1. Application effect: DBTDL has a significant catalytic effect in the production of polyurethane foam, which can improve the physical properties and production efficiency of the foam.
  2. Environmental impact: DBTDL has a certain degree of toxicity and is easy to accumulate in organisms, potentially causing harm to the environment and human health.
  3. Mitigation Measures: The environmental impact of DBTDL can be effectively mitigated through measures such as source control, process control, end-of-line governance and compliance with regulations.

Future research directions will focus more on developing efficient, low-toxic, and environmentally friendly alternative catalysts to reduce dependence on DBTDL. In addition, by further optimizing the production process and management technology, the environmental protection level of polyurethane foam production can be further improved to protect the environment and human health.

6. Suggestions

  1. Increase R&D investment: Enterprises should increase R&D investment in high-efficiency, low-toxicity, and environmentally friendly alternative catalysts to improve the competitiveness of their products.
  2. Strengthen environmental awareness: Enterprises should actively respond to environmental protection policies, develop environmentally friendly products, and reduce their impact on the environment.
  3. Technical training: Provide environmental protection technology training to technical personnel to ensure that they master advanced environmental protection technologies and management methods.
  4. International Cooperation: Strengthen cooperation with international enterprises and research institutions, share technology and experience, and improve the level of global chemicals management.

Extended reading:

cyclohexylamine

Tetrachloroethylene Perchloroethylene CAS:127-18-4

NT CAT DMDEE

NT CAT PC-5

N-Methylmorpholine

4-Formylmorpholine

Toyocat TE tertiary amine catalyst Tosoh

Toyocat RX5 catalyst trimethylhydroxyethyl ethylenediamine Tosoh

NT CAT DMP-30

NT CAT DMEA

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