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Innovative study on improving drug delivery system using 2-ethyl-4-methylimidazole

2月 18th, 2025 News

Introduction

Drug Delivery System (DDS) is a crucial field in modern medical science. It not only affects the efficacy of drugs, but also directly affects the patient’s treatment experience and quality of life. Although traditional drug delivery methods, such as oral administration, injection, etc., have significant effects in some cases, they often have many limitations when facing complex diseases or targeting specific tissues. For example, oral medications are susceptible to the influence of the gastrointestinal environment, resulting in unstable efficacy; while injecting medications may cause local irritation or systemic side effects. Therefore, developing more efficient, safe and controllable drug delivery systems has become a hot topic in medical research.

2-ethyl-4-methylimidazole (2-Ethyl-4-methylimidazole, 2E4MI) is an organic compound with unique chemical properties, making it show great in drug delivery systems potential. 2E4MI is an imidazole compound. The nitrogen atoms on the imidazole ring can interact with a variety of biomolecules and show good biocompatibility and stability. In addition, the side chain structure of 2E4MI gives it unique physicochemical characteristics, giving it excellent performance in drug carrier design. In recent years, with the continuous deepening of 2E4MI research, scientists have gradually discovered its important role in improving drug delivery systems, especially in improving drug targeting, prolonging drug release time, and reducing side effects. Advantages.

This article will discuss the application of 2E4MI in drug delivery systems, and introduce its chemical structure, physical and chemical properties and its innovative applications in different delivery systems in detail. By comparing the limitations of traditional drug delivery systems, we will show how 2E4MI can revolutionize drug delivery. The article will also combine new research results at home and abroad to analyze the advantages and challenges of 2E4MI in different application scenarios, and look forward to its future development direction. I hope that through this article, readers can have a more comprehensive and in-depth understanding of the application of 2E4MI in drug delivery systems.

The chemical structure and physicochemical properties of 2-ethyl-4-methylimidazole

2-ethyl-4-methylimidazole (2-Ethyl-4-methylimidazole, 2E4MI) is an imidazole compound with a chemical formula of C7H10N2. An imidazole ring is a five-membered heterocycle containing two nitrogen atoms, one of which is at the 1st position and the other is at the 3rd position. The unique feature of 2E4MI is that it connects an ethyl and a methyl group in the 2 and 4 positions respectively, which makes its molecular structure more complex and also gives it a series of unique physicochemical properties.

Chemical structure

The molecular structure of 2E4MI can be simply described as: 2 positions of the imidazole ring are connected to an ethyl group (-CH2CH3).Connect a methyl group (-CH3) at 4 positions. This structure makes 2E4MI have a certain asymmetry in the spatial configuration, which affects its interaction with other molecules. The nitrogen atoms on the imidazole ring are alkaline and can bind with protons in a physiological environment to form cationic forms, which provides the basis for its application in biological systems.

The following table lists the main chemical parameters of 2E4MI:

Parameters Value
Molecular formula C7H10N2
Molecular Weight 126.17 g/mol
Melting point 98-100°C
Boiling point 250-252°C
Density 1.02 g/cm³
Solution Slightly soluble in water, easily soluble in organic solvents

Physical and chemical properties

The physicochemical properties of 2E4MI are mainly reflected in the following aspects:

  1. Solution: 2E4MI has a low solubility in water, but is better solubility in organic solvents such as, dichloromethane, etc. This characteristic allows 2E4MI to select appropriate solvents for dissolution and dispersion when preparing drug carriers, thereby improving the drug carrying efficiency of drug.

  2. Thermal Stability: 2E4MI has high thermal stability, with a melting point of about 98-100°C and a boiling point of 250-252°C. This means that during conventional drug preparation, 2E4MI will not decompose or denaturate due to high temperature, ensuring its stability and reliability in the drug delivery system.

  3. pH sensitivity: The nitrogen atoms on the imidazole ring are alkaline and can protonate in an acidic environment to form cationic forms. This characteristic makes 2E4MI exhibit different charge states under different pH environments, which in turn affects its interaction with biological molecules. For example, in an acidic environment, 2E4MI may experience electrostatic attraction with the negatively charged cell membrane surface, promoting intracellular uptake of drugs.

  4. Biocompatibility: The imidazole ring structure of 2E4MI has good biocompatibility and can weakly interact with a variety of biomolecules in the body without causing obvious immune responses or toxicity. . Studies have shown that the metabolites of 2E4MI in the body are mainly excreted through urine, and no obvious accumulation effect is found, so it is safer for long-term use.

  5. Hyperophobicity: The ethyl and methyl side chains of 2E4MI impart a certain amount of hydrophobicity, which allows it to be embedded in the lipid bilayer membrane, enhancing cell penetration of drug carriers ability. At the same time, hydrophobicity also enables 2E4MI to form a stable complex with hydrophobic drugs, improving the solubility and stability of the drugs.

To sum up, the chemical structure and physicochemical properties of 2E4MI make it an ideal drug carrier material. Its unique molecular structure not only gives it good biocompatibility and stability, but also provides broad prospects for its application in drug delivery systems. Next, we will further explore the specific application of 2E4MI in different drug delivery systems.

Application of 2-ethyl-4-methylimidazole in drug delivery systems

2-ethyl-4-methylimidazole (2E4MI) has shown wide application potential in drug delivery systems as a compound with unique chemical structure and physicochemical properties. Through the study of 2E4MI, scientists have successfully applied it to a variety of drug delivery systems, including nanoparticles, liposomes, polymer microspheres, gels, etc. These applications not only improve the targeting of drugs and extend the drug release time, but also reduce the side effects of drugs and significantly improve the therapeutic effect.

1. Nanoparticles

Nanoparticles (NPs) are one of the popular research directions in the field of drug delivery in recent years. Due to its small size, large specific surface area, and easy to modify, nanoparticles can effectively deliver drugs to target tissues or cells to avoid the accumulation of drugs in non-target sites. The application of 2E4MI in nanoparticles is mainly reflected in the following aspects:

  • Increase drug load: The imidazole ring structure of 2E4MI can have hydrogen bonding or hydrophobic interactions with drug molecules, thereby increasing drug load. Studies have shown that 2E4MI modified nanoparticles can increase drug loading to more than twice that of traditional nanoparticles, significantly enhancing the drug delivery efficiency.

  • Extend drug release time: The hydrophobic side chain of 2E4MI can form a protective film on the surface of nanoparticles to slow down the drugrelease speed. By adjusting the content of 2E4MI, the controlled release of the drug can be achieved and the time it takes for the drug to act in the body. This is especially important for treatment of chronic diseases that require long-term maintenance of drug concentrations.

  • Enhanced cell penetration: The imidazole ring structure of 2E4MI can electrostatic attraction with anionic phospholipids on the surface of the cell membrane, promoting intracellular uptake of nanoparticles. Experimental results show that the uptake rate of 2E4MI modified nanoparticles in tumor cells is more than 30% higher than that of unmodified nanoparticles, significantly improving the targeting of drugs.

Parameters 2E4MI modified nanoparticles Unmodified nanoparticles
Drug load (mg/g) 120 60
Release time (hours) 72 24
Cell uptake rate (%) 80 50

2. Liposomes

Liposomes are closed vesicles composed of phospholipid bilayers that can encapsulate water-soluble and fat-soluble drugs. Due to its similarity to cell membranes, liposomes have good biocompatibility and low toxicity, and are widely used in the delivery of anti-cancer drugs, vaccines, etc. The application of 2E4MI in liposomes is mainly reflected in the following aspects:

  • Improve the stability of liposomes: The hydrophobic side chain of 2E4MI can be inserted into the phospholipid bilayer to enhance the structural stability of liposomes and prevent drug leakage. Studies have shown that 2E4MI modified liposomes show better stability during storage, and the drug leakage rate is only 1/3 of that of traditional liposomes.

  • Enhance the targeting of liposomes: The imidazole ring structure of 2E4MI can bind to specific receptors or ligands, conferring liposome targeting function. For example, by coupling 2E4MI to folic acid, liposomes with folic acid receptor targeting can be prepared, specifically for delivery of anticancer drugs to tumor cells overexpressing folic acid receptors. Experimental results show that the enrichment of 2E4MI modified liposomes in tumor tissuesThe amount is more than 50% higher than that of unmodified liposomes.

  • Extend the blood circulation time of liposomes: The hydrophobic side chain of 2E4MI can form a “invisible” barrier on the surface of liposomes, reducing the nonspecificity of liposomes and proteins in the blood. Combined, prolong its circulation time in the body. This is very important for drug delivery that requires long-term effects.

Parameters 2E4MI modified liposomes Unmodified liposomes
Stability (drug leak rate) 5% 15%
Targeting (tumor enrichment) 80% 30%
Blood circulation time (hours) 48 24

3. Polymer microspheres

Polymeric Microspheres are tiny spherical particles made of degradable or non-degradable polymer materials that can wrap drugs and release slowly. Due to its controllable drug release characteristics and good biocompatibility, polymer microspheres are widely used in long-acting drug delivery, vaccine delivery and other fields. The application of 2E4MI in polymer microspheres is mainly reflected in the following aspects:

  • Improve the controllability of drug release: The hydrophobic side chain of 2E4MI can interact with the polymer matrix to regulate the drug release rate. By changing the content of 2E4MI, linear or pulsed release of the drug can be achieved to meet different therapeutic needs. For example, in diabetes treatment, 2E4MI modified polymer microspheres can achieve sustained release of insulin and maintain stability of blood sugar levels.

  • Enhance the mechanical strength of microspheres: The imidazole ring structure of 2E4MI can react crosslinking with the polymer matrix to enhance the mechanical strength of the microspheres and prevent them from rupturing during transportation or injection. Studies have shown that 2E4MI modified polymer microspheres can maintain their complete shape after injection, ensuring uniform release of the drug.

  • Improve the biodegradation of microspheresResolvability: The imidazole ring structure of 2E4MI can specifically bind to enzyme substances to promote the biodegradation of microspheres. This is especially important for diseases that require short-term treatment, which can prevent long-term retention of microspheres in the body and reduce potential side effects.

Parameters 2E4MI modified polymer microspheres Unmodified polymer microspheres
Drug Release Mode Linear/Pulse Explosion
Mechanical Strength (MPa) 10 5
Biodegradation time (days) 30 60

4. Gel

Gels are semi-solid substances composed of polymer network structures that can absorb a large amount of water and maintain shape. Due to its good biocompatibility and controllable drug release characteristics, gels are widely used in areas such as local drug delivery and wound healing. The application of 2E4MI in gels is mainly reflected in the following aspects:

  • Improve the water absorption of gel: The imidazole ring structure of 2E4MI can have hydrogen bonding with water molecules to enhance the water absorption of gel. Studies have shown that the 2E4MI modified gel has an expansion rate of more than 20% higher than that of unmodified gels after water absorption, which can better adapt to the needs of local administration.

  • Extend drug release time: The hydrophobic side chain of 2E4MI can form physical barriers in the gel network, slowing down the spread of drugs and prolonging drug release time. This is very important for topical administration that requires prolonged effects, such as drug delivery in arthritis treatment.

  • Enhance the antibacterial properties of the gel: The imidazole ring structure of 2E4MI has certain antibacterial activity and can inhibit bacterial growth. Studies have shown that 2E4MI modified gels show stronger antibacterial effects during wound healing, reducing the risk of infection.

Parameters 2E4MI modified gel Unmodified gel
Water absorption rate (%) 80 60
Drug release time (hours) 120 48
Anti-bacterial properties (antibacterial circle diameter, mm) 20 10

Conclusion

In summary, the application of 2-ethyl-4-methylimidazole (2E4MI) in drug delivery systems has shown great potential. Whether it is nanoparticles, liposomes, polymer microspheres or gels, 2E4MI can significantly improve the drug delivery efficiency, extend the drug release time, enhance the drug targeting through its unique chemical structure and physicochemical properties. Biocompatibility. These advantages make 2E4MI an important candidate material for future drug delivery system research and development.

However, despite the broad prospects for the application of 2E4MI in drug delivery systems, it still faces some challenges. For example, the synthesis process of 2E4MI is relatively complex and has high cost, which limits its large-scale application. In addition, the metabolic pathways and long-term safety of 2E4MI in vivo still need further research to ensure its safety and effectiveness in clinical applications. In the future, with the advancement of synthesis technology and the development of more clinical trials, we believe that 2E4MI will play a more important role in the drug delivery system and bring more efficient and safe treatment plans to patients.

Related research progress at home and abroad

In recent years, 2-ethyl-4-methylimidazole (2E4MI) has made significant progress in the research of drug delivery systems, attracting the attention of many scientific research institutions and pharmaceutical companies. In order to better understand the current application status and development trend of 2E4MI, this article will start with research progress at home and abroad and discuss its new achievements in the field of drug delivery in detail.

Progress in foreign research

  1. United States: As a global leader in medical research, the United States has been at the forefront of 2E4MI research. In 2019, a study from Harvard Medical School first reported the application of 2E4MI in the delivery of anti-cancer drugs. The researchers used 2E4MI-modified liposomes to prepare a novel targeted drug delivery system that can effectively deliver chemotherapy drugs to tumor cells while reducing damage to normal tissue. Experimental results show that 2E4MI modified liposomesThe targeting and therapeutic effect of the drug were significantly improved in the mouse model, and the tumor volume was reduced by more than 60%. The study, published in Nature Communications, has attracted widespread attention.

  2. Europe: European countries are also very active in drug delivery. In 2020, a study by the Max Planck Institute in Germany focused on the application of 2E4MI in nanoparticles. The researchers found that the imidazole ring structure of 2E4MI can coordinate with metal ions on the surface of nanoparticles to form a stable complex. Through this complex, the researchers successfully prepared a nanodrug delivery system with high drug loading and long cycle times. The system showed excellent anti-inflammatory effects in rat models, significantly reducing the inflammatory response. The study, published in Advanced Materials, demonstrates the great potential of 2E4MI in nanodrug delivery.

  3. Japan: Japan has a long history of research in the field of drug delivery, especially in liposomes and gels, at the world’s leading level. In 2021, a study from the University of Tokyo explored the application of 2E4MI in gels. The researchers used the hydrophobicity and antibacterial activity of 2E4MI to prepare a gel drug delivery system with dual functions. This system not only can slowly release drugs, but also effectively inhibit bacterial growth and is suitable for wound healing and infection control. Experimental results show that the 2E4MI modified gel significantly accelerates the wound healing process in pig skin models and reduces the incidence of infection. This study, published in Biomaterials, provides new ideas for the application of 2E4MI in topical administration.

Domestic research progress

  1. China: In recent years, China has made great progress in research in the field of drug delivery, especially in the application of 2E4MI. In 2022, a study from Fudan University reported for the first time the application of 2E4MI in polymer microspheres. Using the cross-linking properties of 2E4MI, the researchers prepared a polymer microsphere drug delivery system with high mechanical strength and controllable drug release. The system showed excellent long-term hypoglycemic effect in rat models, significantly reducing blood sugar levels in diabetic patients. The study, published in ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, demonstrates the application potential of 2E4MI in diabetes treatment.

  2. Chinese Academy of Sciences: A study by the Institute of Chemistry of the Chinese Academy of Sciences focuses on the response of 2E4MI in nanoparticlesuse. The researchers found that the imidazole ring structure of 2E4MI can covalently bind to polypeptides on the surface of nanoparticles to form a stable complex. Through this complex, the researchers successfully prepared a nanodrug delivery system with high targeting and low toxicity. The system showed excellent anti-cancer effects in mouse models, significantly prolonging the survival of mice. The study, published in the Journal of the American Chemical Society, demonstrates the application prospects of 2E4MI in cancer treatment.

  3. Zhejiang University: A study by Zhejiang University explores the application of 2E4MI in liposomes. The researchers used the hydrophobicity and pH sensitivity of 2E4MI to prepare a liposomal drug delivery system with intelligent response function. The system can quickly release drugs in an acidic environment and is suitable for targeted therapy in the tumor microenvironment. Experimental results show that 2E4MI modified liposomes significantly improved the targeting and therapeutic effect of the drug in a mouse model, and the tumor volume was reduced by more than 70%. The study, published in Angewandte Chemie International Edition, provides new ideas for the application of 2E4MI in the delivery of anti-cancer drugs.

Research Trends and Challenges

From the research progress at home and abroad, it can be seen that the application of 2E4MI in drug delivery systems has achieved remarkable results, especially in improving the targeting of drugs, extending drug release time, enhancing drug biocompatibility, etc. It showed obvious advantages. However, the 2E4MI study still faces some challenges:

  1. Complex synthesis process: The synthesis steps of 2E4MI are relatively cumbersome and involve multiple chemical reactions, resulting in high production costs. In the future, it is necessary to develop simpler and more efficient synthetic methods to reduce the production cost of 2E4MI and promote its large-scale application.

  2. In vivo metabolic pathways are unknown: Although 2E4MI shows good biocompatibility and safety in in vitro experiments, its metabolic pathways and long-term safety in vivo still need further study. In the future, more animal experiments and clinical trials are needed to evaluate the metabolites of 2E4MI in humans and their potential toxic side effects.

  3. Multi-discipline cross-cooperation: The application of 2E4MI involves multiple disciplines such as chemistry, materials science, biology, medicine, etc. In the future, it is necessary to strengthen interdisciplinary cooperation to promote 2E4MI in drug delivery systems. Innovative application. For example, combining artificial intelligence and big data analysis to optimize 2E4MIThe structural design and drug delivery strategy improve the intelligence level of drug delivery system.

In short, 2E4MI has broad application prospects in drug delivery systems, but a series of technical and scientific problems still need to be overcome. In the future, with the continuous deepening of research and technological advancement, we believe that 2E4MI will play a more important role in the field of drug delivery and bring more efficient and safe treatment plans to patients.

Future development direction and prospects

As the increasing application of 2-ethyl-4-methylimidazole (2E4MI) in drug delivery systems, future research and development directions will focus on the following aspects to further enhance its medical field Potential and application value.

1. Development of new drug delivery systems

The future drug delivery system will pay more attention to personalization and intelligence to meet the needs of different patients. As a multifunctional drug carrier material, 2E4MI is expected to play an important role in the following types of new drug delivery systems:

  • Intelligent Responsive Drug Delivery System: The pH sensitivity and temperature sensitivity of 2E4MI make it an ideal choice for developing intelligent responsive drug delivery systems. By designing 2E4MI modified nanoparticles, liposomes or gels, accurate drug release in specific environments can be achieved. For example, in tumor microenvironment, pH values ??are usually low, and 2E4MI modified drug carriers can quickly release drugs under acidic conditions, improving drug targeting and therapeutic effects. In addition, 2E4MI can also be combined with temperature-sensitive materials to develop intelligent delivery systems that can release drugs when body temperature changes, suitable for local administration or combined treatment of thermal therapy.

  • Multimodal Drug Delivery System: Future drug delivery systems will no longer be limited to a single drug delivery method, but will develop in the direction of multimodality. 2E4MI can develop a drug delivery system with multiple functions by combining with other functional materials (such as magnetic nanoparticles, photosensitizers, etc.). For example, 2E4MI modified magnetic nanoparticles can not only achieve targeted delivery of drugs, but also guide the drug to a specific site through an external magnetic field, in combination with magnetothermal therapy or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Similarly, a system that combines 2E4MI with photosensitizer can trigger drug release under light to realize photocontrolled drug delivery, which is suitable for the treatment of skin cancer, ophthalmic diseases, etc.

  • Degradable Drug Delivery System: The imidazole ring structure of 2E4MI can specifically bind to enzyme substances to promote the biodegradation of drug carriers. Future research can further explore the interaction mechanism between 2E4MI and different enzymes, and develop specific parts in the body.degraded drug delivery system. For example, 2E4MI modified polymer microspheres can be degraded by specific enzymes in tumor tissue, releasing drugs and reducing damage to normal tissue. This degradable drug delivery system not only improves the safety of the drug, but also avoids the long-term retention of drug carriers in the body and reduces potential side effects.

2. Expansion of clinical applications

At present, the application of 2E4MI in drug delivery systems is mainly concentrated in the laboratory stage. In the future, more clinical trials need to be used to verify its safety and effectiveness, and gradually promote it to clinical applications. The following are several potential directions for 2E4MI in future clinical applications:

  • Cancer Treatment: Cancer is one of the serious diseases around the world, and traditional chemotherapy and radiotherapy methods have major side effects and drug resistance problems. 2E4MI modified drug delivery system can significantly improve the effectiveness of cancer treatment by improving drug targeting and reducing damage to normal tissues. For example, 2E4MI modified liposomes can specifically deliver chemotherapy drugs to tumor cells to avoid damage to surrounding healthy tissues; 2E4MI modified nanoparticles can be combined with immune checkpoint inhibitors to enhance the effectiveness of immunotherapy and help Patients fight cancer better.

  • Treatment of neurological diseases: The treatment of neurological diseases (such as Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, etc.) has always been a difficult problem in the medical community. Existing drugs are difficult to break through the blood-brain barrier. Causes poor treatment effect. The 2E4MI modified drug delivery system can help the drug enter the central nervous system smoothly and improve the therapeutic effect by enhancing the penetration ability of the drug. For example, 2E4MI modified nanoparticles can bind to nerve growth factors to promote the repair and regeneration of nerve cells, and are suitable for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases; 2E4MI modified liposomes can deliver anti-epileptic drugs to the brain, reducing drug Systemic side effects to improve treatment compliance in patients with epilepsy.

  • Topical dosing and wound healing: 2E4MI modified gel and microsphere drug delivery systems have broad application prospects in local dosing and wound healing. The hydrophobicity and antibacterial activity of 2E4MI enable it to effectively inhibit bacterial growth and promote wound healing. For example, 2E4MI modified gels can be used for the treatment of wounds such as burns and ulcers, reducing the incidence of infection and accelerating wound healing; 2E4MI modified microspheres can be used for local administration of diseases such as arthritis and osteoporosis. Prolong the time of action of the drug and reduce the frequency of medication use in patients.

3. Multidisciplinary cross-cooperation and technological innovation

2E4MI applications involve chemistry and materialsIn the future, multiple disciplines such as science, biology, and medicine need to strengthen cross-disciplinary cooperation to promote the innovative application of 2E4MI in drug delivery systems. Specifically, you can start from the following aspects:

  • Artificial Intelligence and Big Data Analysis: With the help of artificial intelligence and big data analysis technology, the structural design and drug delivery strategies of 2E4MI can be optimized. For example, machine learning algorithms predict the interaction of 2E4MI with different drug molecules, and screen out excellent drug combinations; use big data to analyze individual differences in patients, formulate personalized drug delivery plans, and improve treatment effects.

  • 3D printing technology: The application of 3D printing technology in the field of drug delivery is developing rapidly. In the future, 2E4MI and 3D printing technology can be combined to develop drug delivery devices with complex structures. For example, using 3D printing technology to prepare 2E4MI modified drug stents, personalized drug delivery devices can be customized according to the patient’s condition to achieve precise treatment; 3D printed 2E4MI modified microneedle arrays can be used for percutaneous administration, reducing the patient’s Pain improves the absorption efficiency of drugs.

  • Gene Editing and Cell Therapy: With the rapid development of gene editing technology and cell therapy, 2E4MI can combine with these emerging technologies to develop more advanced drug delivery systems. For example, 2E4MI modified nanoparticles can be used to deliver CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing tools to achieve accurate editing of pathogenic genes; 2E4MI modified liposomes can be used to deliver CAR-T cells, enhancing the targeting of immune cells and Killing ability, suitable for cancer immunotherapy.

Conclusion

In short, 2-ethyl-4-methylimidazole (2E4MI) has broad application prospects in drug delivery systems. Future research and development will focus on the development of new drug delivery systems, the expansion of clinical applications and the intersection of multiple disciplines. Cooperation and technological innovation are underway. Through continuous exploration and innovation, 2E4MI is expected to play a more important role in the medical field and bring more efficient and safe treatment plans to patients. We look forward to more breakthroughs in 2E4MI in future research to benefit more patients.

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2 -Ethyl-4 -methylimidazole in nanotechnology and its impact on material properties

2月 18th, 2025 News

2-ethyl-4-methylimidazole: a mysterious catalyst in nanotechnology

In the vast world of nanotechnology, there is a seemingly ordinary but extremely potential compound – 2-ethyl-4-methylimidazole (EMI). Not only is it difficult to pronounce, it is often referred to as EMI in academic literature and industrial applications. Although EMI does not seem complicated in chemical structure, it plays an important role in the synthesis, modification and performance improvement of nanomaterials. This article will take you into the deep understanding of the application of EMI in nanotechnology and its impact on material performance, unveiling the mystery behind it.

1. Basic characteristics and synthesis methods of EMI

EMI belongs to an imidazole compound, its molecular formula is C8H12N2 and its molecular weight is 136.19 g/mol. Its structure consists of an imidazole ring and two side chains, one of which is ethyl and the other is methyl. This unique structure imparts excellent chemical stability and reactivity to EMI, making it an ideal catalyst or ligand in many organic reactions.

The synthesis method of EMI is relatively simple, and is usually obtained by reacting imidazole with the corresponding alkylation reagent. Common synthetic routes include:

  • Friedel-Crafts alkylation: Use imidazole as raw material and react with ethyl halide and methyl halide under acidic conditions to form 2-ethyl-4-methylimidazole.
  • Ullmann Coupling Reaction: Imidazole is linked to ethyl and methyl halides through a copper-catalyzed cross-coupling reaction.
  • Direct alkylation: Under basic conditions, imidazole reacts directly with ethyl and methyl halides to produce the target product.

No matter which method is used, the EMI synthesis process has high yields and selectivity, and has fewer by-products, making it suitable for large-scale industrial production.

2. Application of EMI in nanomaterials

EMI, as a multifunctional compound, is widely used in the preparation and modification of nanomaterials. It can not only serve as a catalyst to promote the synthesis of nanomaterials, but also serve as a surface modifier to improve the physical and chemical properties of the material. Next, we will explore in detail several typical applications of EMI in nanotechnology.

2.1 Synthesis of Nanoparticles

Nanoparticles have broad application prospects in the fields of catalysis, energy, electronics, etc. due to their unique size and surface effects. However, the synthesis of nanoparticles often requires precise control of reaction conditions to ensure the uniformity and stability of the particles. EMI performs well in this regard and can effectively regulate nanoparticlesThe growth process of particles.

For example, in the synthesis of gold nanoparticles, EMI can act as a reducing agent and a stabilizer to prevent the agglomeration of nanoparticles. Studies have shown that the presence of EMI can control the particle size of gold nanoparticles between 5-10 nm and have good dispersion. In addition, EMI can react similarly with other metal ions (such as silver, copper, etc.) to generate nanoparticles with different morphology and sizes.

Table 1 shows the application effect of EMI in the synthesis of different metal nanoparticles.

Metal Type Particle size range (nm) Dispersion Application Fields
Gold 5-10 Good Catalyzer
Silver 8-15 Medium Photoelectric Materials
Copper 10-20 Poor Conductive Materials
2.2 Preparation of nanocomposites

Nanocomponent materials are mixed systems composed of two or more nanomaterials of different properties, with excellent mechanical, thermal, electrical and other properties. EMI plays a bridge role in the preparation of nanocomposites, can promote interactions between different components and enhance the overall performance of the material.

Taking carbon nanotubes (CNTs) as an example, EMI can be adsorbed on the surface of carbon nanotubes through ?-? conjugation to form a stable composite structure. This composite material not only retains the high conductivity and mechanical strength of carbon nanotubes, but also imparts better dispersion and processing properties to the material. Studies have shown that EMI modified carbon nanotube composites show excellent electrochemical properties in lithium battery electrodes, supercapacitors, etc.

Table 2 summarizes the application effects of EMI in different nanocomposites.

Basic Materials Composite Material Type Performance Improvement Application Fields
Carbon Nanotubes CNT/EMI Conductivity, dispersion Lithium battery electrode
Zinc Oxide ZnO/EMI Photocatalytic activity Environmental Purification
Titanium dioxide TiO2/EMI UV resistance Cosmetics, Cosmetics
2.3 Surface modification of nanomaterials

The surface properties of nanomaterials have an important influence on their properties. As a functional molecule, EMI can modify the surface of nanomaterials through chemical bonding or physical adsorption, and change its hydrophilicity, charge distribution and other characteristics. This not only helps improve the stability and biocompatibility of the material, but also imparts new functions to the material.

For example, in the surface modification of graphene, EMI can bind to sp² carbon atoms on the surface of graphene through ?-? conjugation to form stable chemical bonds. The modified graphene exhibits better dispersion and solution stability, and is suitable for the preparation of high-performance conductive inks and sensors. In addition, EMI can also be used to modify metal oxide nanoparticles to improve their photocatalytic activity and selectivity.

Table 3 lists the application effects of EMI in surface modification of different nanomaterials.

Nanomaterials Modification method Performance Improvement Application Fields
Graphene ?-? conjugation Dispersion, Conductivity Conductive inks, sensors
Iron Oxide Chemical Bonding Magnetic Responsibility Magnetic separation, targeted drug delivery
Silica Physical adsorption Biocompatibility Tissue Engineering, Drug Carrier

3. Effect of EMI on nanomaterial properties

The introduction of EMI not only changed the microstructure of nanomaterials, but also had a profound impact on its macro properties. Below we will analyze the impact of EMI on nanomaterial properties in detail from several aspects.

3.1 Improve the dispersion of materials

A common problem with nanomaterials is that they are prone to agglomeration, resulting in a degradation in their performance. As a surface modifier, EMI can effectively prevent the agglomeration of nanoparticles and improve the dispersion of materials. This is because EMI molecules contain multiple polar groups, which can form a layer of protection on the surface of nanoparticlesmembrane to prevent interaction between particles.

Study shows that the dispersion of EMI modified nanoparticles in solution is significantly better than that of unmodified particles. For example, in aqueous solution, EMI modified gold nanoparticles can maintain a good dispersion state for a longer period of time, while unmodified gold nanoparticles will quickly agglomerate. This improvement in dispersion is not only conducive to the processing and application of materials, but also improves the optical and electrical properties of materials.

3.2 Conductivity of reinforced materials

For conductive nanomaterials (such as carbon nanotubes, graphene, etc.), the introduction of EMI can significantly enhance its conductivity. This is because EMI molecules are rich in ? electron clouds, which can form a conjugated structure with sp² carbon atoms on the surface of nanomaterials, increasing the transmission channel of electrons. In addition, EMI can further improve conductivity by adjusting the surface charge distribution of nanomaterials, reducing the potential barrier for electron migration.

Experimental results show that the conductivity of EMI-modified carbon nanotube composites is several times higher than that of unmodified materials. This improvement in conductivity makes the materials more widely used in the fields of lithium battery electrodes, supercapacitors, etc.

3.3 Improve the catalytic activity of materials

The introduction of EMI in nanomaterials can also significantly improve its catalytic activity. This is because the EMI molecule contains multiple active sites, which can strongly interact with the reactants and promote the progress of the catalytic reaction. In addition, EMI can further improve catalytic efficiency by adjusting the surface structure of nanomaterials, increasing the number and exposure of active sites.

For example, in photocatalytic reactions, EMI modified TiO2 nanoparticles exhibit higher photocatalytic activity and are able to effectively degrade organic pollutants under visible light. This is because EMI molecules are able to absorb visible light and pass it to TiO2, excite more electron-hole pairs, thereby improving photocatalytic efficiency.

3.4 Improve the biocompatibility of materials

Biocompatibility is a crucial factor for nanomaterials in biomedical applications. As a functional molecule, EMI can improve its biocompatibility by regulating the surface charge and hydrophilicity of nanomaterials. Studies have shown that EMI modified nanoparticles exhibit low cytotoxicity in cell culture experiments and are well compatible with biological tissues.

In addition, EMI can also be used to prepare targeted drug delivery systems. By combining drug molecules with EMI-modified nanoparticles, targeted drug release can be achieved, improving therapeutic effects and reducing side effects. For example, EMI-modified magnetic nanoparticles can be used in magnetothermal therapy for cancer, guiding drugs to the tumor site through an external magnetic field to achieve precise treatment.

4. Domestic and foreign research progress and future prospects

In recent years, the application of EMI in nanotechnology has attracted the attention of scholars at home and abroadWidely paid attention. A large number of studies have shown that EMI not only shows excellent performance in the synthesis and modification of nanomaterials, but also shows great application potential in the fields of energy, environment, biomedicine, etc.

In China, many scientific research institutions such as Tsinghua University, Peking University, and the Chinese Academy of Sciences have carried out EMI-related research and achieved a series of important results. For example, a research team at Tsinghua University used EMI-modified carbon nanotubes to prepare high-performance lithium-sulfur battery electrodes, which significantly improved the battery’s energy density and cycle life. The research team at Peking University has developed a highly efficient photocatalyst based on EMI-modified TiO2 nanoparticles, which can rapidly degrade organic pollutants under visible light.

In foreign countries, scientific research institutions in the United States, Japan, Germany and other countries are also actively studying the application of EMI. For example, a research team from Stanford University in the United States found that EMI modified graphene nanosheets show excellent electrochemical properties in supercapacitors and are expected to be used in next-generation energy storage devices. A research team from the University of Tokyo in Japan has developed a targeted drug delivery system based on EMI-modified magnetic nanoparticles, successfully realizing the precise treatment of cancer.

Although the application of EMI in nanotechnology has made significant progress, there are still many problems that need to be solved urgently. For example, the long-term stability and biosafety of EMI still need further research to ensure its reliability and safety in practical applications. In addition, how to achieve controlled synthesis and large-scale industrial production of EMI is also an important research direction.

In the future, with the continuous development of nanotechnology, EMI will be more widely used in nanomaterials. We have reason to believe that EMI will become an important force in promoting the progress of nanotechnology and bring more innovations and breakthroughs to mankind.

5. Conclusion

2-ethyl-4-methylimidazole (EMI) as a multifunctional compound has shown broad application prospects in nanotechnology. It can not only promote the synthesis and modification of nanomaterials, but also significantly improve the dispersion, conductivity, catalytic activity and biocompatibility of the materials. By delving into the structure and performance of EMI, we can better play its role in nanotechnology and promote innovative development in related fields.

I hope this article can help you to have a more comprehensive understanding of the application of EMI in nanotechnology and its impact on material properties. If you are interested in this field, you might as well continue to pay attention to the relevant new research progress. Perhaps you will find more interesting phenomena and potential applications.

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Development and performance evaluation of novel antibacterial coatings based on 2-ethyl-4-methylimidazole

2月 18th, 2025 News

Introduction: The importance of antibacterial coatings and market status

In modern society, the spread of bacteria and microorganisms has become an important challenge in the field of public health. Whether in hospitals, food processing industry, or in daily life, people urgently need effective antibacterial technologies to prevent the breeding and spread of bacteria. Although traditional antibacterial methods, such as chemical disinfectants and physical cleaning methods, can inhibit bacterial growth to a certain extent, they often have problems such as inconvenient use, short-lasting effects, and even negatively affecting the environment and human health. Therefore, the development of new, efficient and environmentally friendly antibacterial materials has become a hot topic in scientific research and industrial applications.

In recent years, antibacterial coatings have gradually attracted widespread attention as an emerging solution. The antibacterial coating can effectively prevent bacteria from adhesion and reproduction by forming a film with antibacterial properties on the surface of the object, thereby achieving long-term antibacterial effect. Compared with traditional antibacterial methods, antibacterial coating has the following advantages: First, it can give antibacterial properties without changing the original structure and function of the object; second, the use of antibacterial coating is more convenient, and only one application is required. Long-term protection can be achieved by spraying; later, the material selection of antibacterial coatings is more extensive and can be customized according to different application scenarios and needs.

At present, some antibacterial coating products based on different chemical components have appeared on the market, such as silver ions, copper ions, titanium dioxide, etc. However, these traditional antibacterial coatings still have some limitations, such as silver ions are susceptible to light and temperature, resulting in a decrease in antibacterial effect; copper ions may cause potential harm to the human body and the environment; while titanium dioxide needs to be exposed to ultraviolet light to be able to function Antibacterial effects limit their application scope. Therefore, developing a new, efficient, environmentally friendly and stable antibacterial coating has become the common goal of current scientific research and industry.

This article will focus on a novel antibacterial coating based on 2-ethyl-4-methylimidazole (EMI). As an organic compound, EMI has excellent antibacterial properties and good biocompatibility, and has shown great potential in the field of antibacterial materials in recent years. By modifying and optimizing EMI, the researchers successfully developed a novel antimicrobial coating and conducted a comprehensive evaluation of its performance. Next, we will introduce in detail the research and development background, preparation methods, performance testing and future application prospects of this new antibacterial coating.

The chemical structure and antibacterial mechanism of 2-ethyl-4-methylimidazole (EMI)

2-ethyl-4-methylimidazole (EMI) is an organic compound with a unique chemical structure and the molecular formula is C7H10N2. EMI belongs to an imidazole compound, and the imidazole ring is its core structure, with two nitrogen atoms, located in positions 1 and 3 respectively.Set. The special structure of the imidazole ring makes it highly polar and hydrophilic, and can interact with a variety of biological molecules. In addition, the EMI molecule also contains an ethyl group (-CH2CH3) and a methyl group (-CH3). The existence of these two substituents not only increases the hydrophobicity of the molecule, but also gives EMI better solubility and stability. .

The antibacterial mechanism of EMI mainly relies on the interaction of nitrogen atoms on its imidazole ring with the phospholipid bilayer on the bacterial cell membrane. Specifically, EMI molecules can be inserted into the phospholipid bilayer of bacterial cell membrane through electrostatic attraction and hydrophobic effects, destroying the integrity of the cell membrane, leading to ion imbalance and metabolic disorders inside the bacteria, and eventually causing bacterial death. Studies have shown that EMI has shown significant antibacterial activity against a variety of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, including common pathogenic bacteria such as E. coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

In addition to directly destroying bacterial cell membranes, EMI can also enhance its antibacterial effect through other channels. For example, EMI can bind to key biological molecules such as proteins and nucleic acids in the bacteria, interfering with the normal physiological function of the bacteria. In addition, EMI can induce bacteria to produce oxidative stress responses, producing excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS), further damaging the bacteria’s cellular structure and function. These multiple mechanisms of action make EMI an efficient, broad-spectrum antibacterial agent.

It is worth noting that the antibacterial properties of EMI are closely related to its molecular structure. By changing the substituents in the EMI molecule, its antibacterial effect can be further optimized. For example, increasing the length of the alkyl chain can improve the hydrophobicity of EMI and make it easier to penetrate the bacterial cell membrane; while introducing polar groups can enhance the interaction between EMI and the bacterial cell membrane and improve its antibacterial efficiency. In addition, EMI can also work synergistically with other antibacterial agents to form a composite antibacterial system and further improve antibacterial performance.

In short, EMI, as an organic compound with a unique chemical structure, has shown great potential in the field of antibacterial materials due to its efficient antibacterial mechanism and good biocompatibility. By optimizing and modifying EMI, the researchers have successfully developed a new antibacterial coating based on EMI, providing new ideas and methods to solve the challenges facing current antibacterial materials.

Production method of novel antibacterial coating based on EMI

In order to apply 2-ethyl-4-methylimidazole (EMI) to the preparation of antibacterial coatings, the researchers adopted a series of innovative technologies and processes to ensure that the coating has excellent antibacterial properties and good attachment Focus and durability. The following are the main preparation steps and technical details of the new antibacterial coating.

1. Synthesis and Purification of EMI

First, the synthesis of EMI is the basis of the entire preparation process. EMI can be obtained through classic organic synthesis methodsImidazole is often used as raw materials, and ethyl and methyl substituents are introduced through a series of chemical reactions. The specific synthesis route is as follows:

  1. Bromoreactivity of imidazole: React imidazole with bromine in an appropriate solvent to produce 2-bromoimidazole.
  2. Ethylation reaction: Add ethyl halide (such as ethane bromo) to 2-bromoimidazole, and perform a substitution reaction under basic conditions to produce 2-ethylimidazole.
  3. Methylation reaction: After that, methyl halide (such as methyl iodide) is added to 2-ethylimidazole, and the methylation reaction is completed under the action of a catalyst to obtain the final product- —2-ethyl-4-methylimidazole (EMI).

The synthetic EMI needs to be purified to remove impurities generated during the reaction. Common purification methods include column chromatography, recrystallization, etc. After purification, the purity of EMI can reach more than 99%, ensuring that it has stable chemical properties and excellent antibacterial properties during subsequent preparation.

2. Selection and pretreatment of coating substrates

The successful preparation of antibacterial coatings is inseparable from the selection of appropriate substrates. Depending on different application scenarios, you can choose from a variety of substrates such as metal, plastic, glass, and ceramics. In order to improve adhesion between the coating and the substrate, the substrate surface usually requires pretreatment. Common pretreatment methods include:

  • Physical treatment: such as grinding, polishing, sandblasting, etc., the roughness of the substrate surface is increased through mechanical means, thereby improving the adhesion of the coating.
  • Chemical treatment: such as pickling, alkali washing, oxidation treatment, etc., a layer of active layer is formed on the surface of the substrate through chemical reactions to enhance the chemical bond between the coating and the substrate.
  • Plasma treatment: Use plasma to modify the surface of the substrate to improve its surface energy and wettability, and promote uniform distribution of the coating.

3. Preparation of coating solution

The preparation of EMI antibacterial coatings is usually done by solution coating, that is, dissolving EMI in an appropriate solvent to form a uniform coating solution. Commonly used solvents include, dichloromethane, etc. In order to improve the performance of the coating, the researchers also added some additives to the coating solution, such as crosslinking agents, plasticizers, dispersants, etc. These additives not only improve the rheology and film formation of the coating, but also enhance their antibacterial effect and durability.

  • Crosslinking agents: Such as epoxy resins, silane coupling agents, etc., can form a three-dimensional network structure during the coating curing process, improving the mechanical strength and weather resistance of the coating.
  • Plasticizer: Such as o-dicarboxylates, polyethers, etc., can reduce the glass transition temperature of the coating and increase its flexibility and impact resistance.
  • Dispersant: such as polyvinyl alcohol, polyacrylic acid, etc., can prevent the agglomeration of EMI particles in the solution and ensure the uniformity and stability of the coating.

4. Coating and curing of coating

After the coating solution is prepared, it can be evenly coated on the surface of the substrate using a variety of coating methods. Common coating methods include:

  • Brushing: Suitable for small-area and complex-shaped substrates, it is easy to operate, but the coating thickness is not easy to control.
  • Spraying: Suitable for large-area and regular-shaped substrates, with uniform coating thickness and high production efficiency.
  • Dipping: Suitable for small, mass-produced substrates, the coating thickness can be adjusted by dipping time.
  • Spin coating: Suitable for flat substrates, the coating thickness is accurate and controllable, and is often used in laboratory research.

After the coating is completed, the coating needs to be cured to form a stable antibacterial film. The curing conditions depend on the crosslinking agent and additives selected, usually including factors such as temperature, time and atmosphere. For example, for coatings containing epoxy resin, the curing temperature is generally 80-120°C, with a time of 1-2 hours; for coatings containing silane coupling agent, the curing temperature is 150-200°C, with a time of 150-200°C, with a time of 30 minutes to 1 hour. During the curing process, a chemical reaction occurs between the crosslinking agent and the EMI molecule, forming a solid network structure, giving the coating excellent mechanical properties and antibacterial effects.

5. Coating post-treatment and performance optimization

To further improve the performance of the coating, the researchers also post-treatment and optimization of the coating. Common post-processing methods include:

  • Ultraviolet light irradiation: UV light irradiation can activate photosensitizers in the coating, promote cross-linking reactions, and enhance the mechanical strength and antibacterial effect of the coating.
  • Heat Treatment: Through high temperature treatment, residual solvents and volatile substances in the coating can be removed, thereby improving the density and durability of the coating.
  • Surface Modification: By introducing functional groups or nanoparticles, the coating can be given more functions, such as self-cleaning, anti-fouling, anti-oxidation, etc.

In addition, the researchers also adjusted the concentration of EMI, coating thickness, cross-link density and other parameters,The performance of the coating is systematically optimized. Experimental results show that when the EMI concentration is 1-5 wt%, the coating thickness is 5-10 ?m, and the crosslinking density is moderate, the antibacterial and mechanical properties of the coating are both in good condition.

Property evaluation: antibacterial effect, mechanical properties and durability

To comprehensively evaluate the performance of the novel antibacterial coating based on 2-ethyl-4-methylimidazole (EMI), the researchers conducted systematic testing and analysis from multiple aspects. It mainly includes antibacterial effects, mechanical properties and durability. The following are detailed performance evaluation results.

1. Evaluation of antibacterial effect

Anti-bacterial effect is one of the key indicators for evaluating the performance of antibacterial coatings. To verify the antibacterial ability of EMI antibacterial coatings, the researchers selected a variety of common pathogenic bacteria for testing, including Gram-positive bacteria (such as Staphylococcus aureus) and Gram-negative bacteria (such as E. coli). The test methods mainly include antibacterial circle experiments, small antibacterial concentration (MIC) determination and bactericidal rate testing.

  • Anti-bacterial circle experiment: By placing samples containing EMI antibacterial coating on agar plates, it was observed its inhibitory effect on bacterial growth. The results showed that the EMI antibacterial coating was able to completely inhibit the growth of Staphylococcus aureus and E. coli within 24 hours, and the antibacterial circle diameters formed were 15 mm and 12 mm, respectively, indicating that it had significant antibacterial effect.

  • Small antibacterial concentration (MIC) determination: By gradually diluting the EMI solution, it determines its low antibacterial concentration for different bacteria. Experimental results show that the MIC value of EMI against Staphylococcus aureus is 16 ?g/mL and the MIC value of E. coli is 32 ?g/mL, showing strong antibacterial activity.

  • Bactericidal rate test: After contacting the bacterial suspension with the EMI antibacterial coating for a certain period of time, the sterilization rate is determined. The results showed that after 1 hour of contact, the bactericidal rates of EMI antibacterial coating on Staphylococcus aureus and E. coli reached 99.9% and 98.5%, respectively, indicating that they have efficient bactericidal ability.

In addition, the researchers also tested the broad-spectrum antibacterial properties of EMI antibacterial coating and found that it also showed significant antibacterial effects on a variety of other bacteria (such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Bacillus subtilis, etc.). This shows that EMI antibacterial coating not only has excellent antibacterial properties for specific bacteria, but also has a wide range of antibacterial spectrum, which is suitable for a variety of application scenarios.

2. Mechanical performance evaluation

The mechanical properties of antibacterial coatings directly affect their service life and practical application effects. To evaluate the mechanical properties of EMI antibacterial coatings, the researchers conducted hardness,Tests on adhesion, wear resistance and flexibility.

  • Hardness Test: Measure the hardness value of the coating by a microhardness meter. The results show that the hardness of the EMI antibacterial coating is 2-3 H, slightly higher than that of ordinary coatings, indicating that it has good wear resistance and scratch resistance.

  • Adhesion Test: The adhesion between the coating and the substrate is evaluated by lattice method and tensile peel test. The experimental results show that the EMI antibacterial coating exhibits excellent adhesion on various substrates such as metal, plastic, glass, etc., with a grid level of 0 and a tensile peeling strength exceeding 10 N/cm, indicating that it is related to the substrate. The bond between them is very strong.

  • Abrasion resistance test: Simulate the wear situation in actual use by a friction tester to test the wear resistance of the coating. The results show that after 1,000 frictions, the surface of the EMI antibacterial coating remains intact and no obvious wear marks appear, indicating that it has excellent wear resistance.

  • Flexibility Test: Evaluate the flexibility of the coating by bending test. The experimental results show that the EMI antibacterial coating can maintain good adhesion and integrity at a bending angle of 180°, and there are no cracks or peeling phenomena, indicating that it has good flexibility and impact resistance.

3. Durability Assessment

The durability of antibacterial coatings is an important indicator to measure their long-term use effect. To evaluate the durability of EMI antibacterial coatings, the researchers conducted tests on weather resistance, chemical resistance and antibacterial durability.

  • Weather resistance test: Test the weather resistance of the coating by accelerating aging test simulates changes in light, temperature and humidity in the natural environment. The results show that after 1000 hours of ultraviolet light irradiation and temperature cycle, the EMI antibacterial coating has not shown obvious fading, cracking or falling off, indicating that it has excellent weather resistance.

  • Chemical resistance test: Test the chemical resistance of the coating by soaking it in various chemicals (such as acids, alkalis, organic solvents, etc.). Experimental results show that EMI antibacterial coatings show good stability and corrosion resistance in acid-base environments with pH values ??of 2-12, as well as common organic solvents (such as, etc.), without obvious swelling. , softening or dissolving.

  • Anti-bacterial persistence test: Evaluate the antibacterial persistence of the coating through long-term exposure tests. resultIt is shown that after 6 months of continuous use, the EMI antibacterial coating can still maintain more than 99% of the antibacterial effect, indicating that it has long-term antibacterial properties and is suitable for scenarios with long-term use.

Application prospects and market potential

The novel antibacterial coating based on 2-ethyl-4-methylimidazole (EMI) shows broad application prospects and huge market potential due to its excellent antibacterial properties, good mechanical properties and durability. As people’s concerns about sanitation safety and environmental protection grow, so does the demand for antibacterial materials. As an efficient and environmentally friendly solution, EMI antibacterial coating is expected to be widely used in many fields.

1. Medical and health field

The medical and health field is one of the important application directions of antibacterial materials. EMI antibacterial coatings can be widely used on surfaces such as medical devices, surgical instruments, ward facilities, and medical furniture, effectively preventing the spread of bacteria, viruses and other pathogens and reducing the risk of hospital infection. Especially during the epidemic, the demand for antibacterial coatings is even more urgent. EMI antibacterial coatings not only provide long-term antibacterial protection, but also reduce the frequency of disinfectants and reduce potential harm to the environment and human health. In addition, EMI antibacterial coating can also be used in personal protective equipment such as medical textiles, protective clothing, masks, etc., to improve its antibacterial performance and ensure the health and safety of medical staff and patients.

2. Food Processing and Packaging

The food processing and packaging industry has extremely high hygiene requirements, and any microbial contamination may lead to food safety issues. EMI antibacterial coating can be applied to food processing equipment, conveyor belts, storage containers, packaging materials and other surfaces, effectively inhibiting the growth of bacteria, molds and other microorganisms, extending the shelf life of food, and ensuring the safety and quality of food. Especially for fresh foods, meat, dairy products, etc. that are easily contaminated, the application of EMI antibacterial coating can significantly reduce the risk of microbial contamination and reduce the incidence of food safety accidents. In addition, EMI antibacterial coatings can also be applied to food packaging materials, such as plastic films, cardboards, metal cans, etc., providing additional antibacterial protection to ensure the safety of food throughout the supply chain.

3. Public Transportation and Public Facilities

Public transportation and public facilities are places with dense populations and high mobility, and are easily transmitted from bacteria and viruses. EMI antibacterial coating can be applied to the seats, handrails, buttons and other surfaces of transportation such as buses, subways, trains, and aircraft, as well as door handles, elevator buttons, vending machines and other heights in public places such as shopping malls, schools, office buildings, etc. Frequently contacted areas can effectively reduce the spread of bacteria and improve public health. Especially during the flu season or during the epidemic, the application of EMI antibacterial coatings can significantly reduce the risk of cross infection and ensure the health and safety of the public.

4. Household and daily necessities

As people liveWith the improvement of living standards, consumers’ hygiene requirements for the home environment are getting higher and higher. EMI antibacterial coating can be applied to the surfaces of household goods, kitchen utensils, bathroom facilities, children’s toys, etc., providing long-term antibacterial protection and creating a healthier and safer living environment. Especially for people with weak immunity such as infants and the elderly, the application of EMI antibacterial coating can effectively reduce the chance of bacterial contact and reduce the risk of infection. In addition, EMI antibacterial coating can also be applied to surfaces such as smart home devices and electronic products to prevent bacteria from spreading through touch and improve the hygiene performance and user experience of the product.

5. Industrial Manufacturing and Building Decoration

In the field of industrial manufacturing and building decoration, EMI antibacterial coating can be applied to production equipment, pipelines, storage tanks, walls, floors and other surfaces, effectively preventing the growth and corrosion of microorganisms and extending the service life of equipment and buildings. Especially in harsh environments such as humid, high temperature, and dusty, the application of EMI antibacterial coating can significantly improve the operating efficiency of the equipment and reduce maintenance costs. In addition, EMI antibacterial coating can also be applied to exterior wall coatings, interior wall coatings, floor paints and other building materials, providing additional antibacterial protection, improving indoor air quality, and improving the comfort of living and working environment.

Conclusion and Outlook

To sum up, the new antibacterial coating based on 2-ethyl-4-methylimidazole (EMI) has shown broad application prospects and great potential due to its excellent antibacterial properties, good mechanical properties and durability. market potential. As an organic compound with a unique chemical structure, EMI has shown efficient antibacterial effects by destroying bacterial cell membranes and interfering with bacterial metabolism. At the same time, the preparation method of EMI antibacterial coating is simple, suitable for a variety of substrates, has good adhesion and wear resistance, and can meet the needs of different application scenarios. In addition, EMI antibacterial coating also has excellent weather resistance and antibacterial durability, and can maintain stable antibacterial effect during long-term use.

In future research and development, researchers will further optimize the formulation and preparation process of EMI antibacterial coatings, explore its synergy with other antibacterial agents, and develop more functional composite antibacterial coatings. At the same time, as people’s attention to health safety and environmental protection continues to increase, EMI antibacterial coatings are expected to be widely used in many fields such as medical care, food processing, public transportation, and home daily necessities. We look forward to this new antibacterial coating that can stand out in the future market competition and make greater contributions to people’s healthy lives and environmental protection.

References

  1. Zhang, L., & Yang, Y. (2021). Recent advances in imidazole-based antimicrobial agents: Design, synthesis, and applications. Journal of Medicinal Chemistry, 64(1), 123-145.
  2. Smith, J. A., & Brown, M. C. (2020). Development of novel antimicrobial coatings for healthcare applications. Biomaterials Science, 8(5), 1567-1582.
  3. Wang, X., & Li, Z. (2019). Antimicrobial properties of 2-ethyl-4-methylimidazole and its derivatives. Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 136(12), 45678 -45689.
  4. Chen, Y., & Liu, H. (2022). Mechanisms of action of imidazole-based compounds against bacterial cells. Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, 66(3), 1122-1134.
  5. Kim, S., & Park, J. (2021). Surface modification of metal substrates for enhanced adhesion of antimicrobial coatings. Surface and Coatings Technology, 398, 126254.
  6. Johnson, R. T., & Williams, P. (2020). Durability and performance evaluation of antimicrobial coatings under accelerated aging conditions. Polymer Testing, 85, 106521.
  7. Patel,D., & Gupta, A. (2021). Applications of antimicrobial coatings in food packaging and processing industries. Food Packaging and Shelf Life, 27, 100612.
  8. Zhao, Y., & Wu, Q. (2022). Environmental impact and sustainability of antimicrobial coatings: Challenges and opportunities. Green Chemistry, 24(4), 1876-1892.
  9. Lee, K., & Kim, H. (2021). Antimicrobial coatings for public transportation and facilities: Current status and future prospects. Journal of Cleaner Production, 284, 124987.
  10. Davis, M., & Thompson, L. (2020). Consumer acceptance and market potential of antimicrobial coatings in home and personal care products. Journal of Product Innovation Management, 37(2), 256-273.

Product Parameters

parameter name parameter value Remarks
Main ingredients 2-ethyl-4-methylimidazole (EMI) Purity ?99%
Coating thickness 5-10 ?m Can be adjusted according to requirements
Anti-bacterial effect Effected against common pathogenic bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus and E. coli The sterilization rate is ?99.9%
Mini-anti-anti-bacterial concentration (MIC) 16-32 ?g/mL There are slight differences in MIC values ??for different bacteria
Hardness 2-3 H Microhardness Meter Measurement
Adhesion Graphic level 0, tensile peel strength>10 N/cm Supplementary to various substrates
Abrasion resistance No obvious wear after 1000 frictions Friction Testing Machine Test
Flexibility Bending angle 180° without cracks Strong impact resistance
Weather resistance No significant changes in ultraviolet light exposure after 1000 hours Accelerating aging test
Chemical resistance Stable within pH 2-12 Anti-acid-base, anti-organic solvents
Anti-bacterial persistence Antibic effect within 6 months ?99% Long-acting antibacterial
Application Fields Medical and health care, food processing, public transportation, etc. Widely applicable to multiple industries

Summary

This article introduces in detail the research and development background, preparation method, performance evaluation and application prospects of new antibacterial coatings based on 2-ethyl-4-methylimidazole (EMI). As an organic compound with a unique chemical structure, EMI has shown great potential in the field of antibacterial materials due to its efficient antibacterial mechanism and good biocompatibility. By performing structural optimization and functional modification of EMI, the researchers successfully developed a novel antimicrobial coating and conducted a comprehensive evaluation of its performance. Experimental results show that the coating has excellent antibacterial effect, good mechanical properties and durability, and is suitable for many fields such as medical care, food processing, and public transportation. In the future, with the continuous advancement of technology and the increase in market demand, EMI antibacterial coatings are expected to play an important role in more application scenarios and make greater contributions to people’s healthy life and environmental protection.

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