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From the laboratory to the market: Cost-benefit analysis of composite anti-heartburn agents and their practical application cases

3月 15th, 2025 News

From the laboratory to the market: Cost-benefit analysis of composite anti-heartburn agents and their practical application cases

Introduction: “Old Friends” of Gastric Acid Reflux

Heartburn, the name that sounds like a hot adventure, is actually a lingering trouble in many people’s daily lives. Imagine that after you enjoy a hearty dinner, suddenly a burning sensation comes from your chest, as if someone lit a small flame in your body. This is a typical symptom of acid reflux – heartburn. According to the World Gastroenterology Organization (WGO), about 20% of the world’s population is troubled by gastric acid reflux, and this proportion is even as high as 40% in some regions. Whether it is young people who work overtime frequently or middle-aged and elderly people with irregular eating habits, heartburn may become “frequent guests” in their lives.

Although traditional anti-heartburn drugs can relieve symptoms, they often have problems such as a single mechanism of action, obvious side effects or reduced long-term use effect. In recent years, with the deepening of medical research and the growth of market demand, a new solution has emerged – a composite anti-heartburn agent. This innovative drug, through the synergistic effect of multiple ingredients, not only can quickly alleviate heartburn symptoms, but also fundamentally improve gastrointestinal health. So, how exactly did compound anti-heartburn agents go from the laboratory to the market? How cost-effective is it? What are the successful practical application cases? Next, we will take you to find out.

The development history and technical principles of composite anti-heartburn agent

Development background: From monotherapy to multi-target therapy

The research and development of complex anti-heartburn agents was not achieved overnight, but went through a long process from single location to multi-target comprehensive treatment. Early anti-heartburn drugs mainly rely on products with single mechanisms such as proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) and H2 receptor antagonists. Although these drugs can reduce gastric acid secretion to a certain extent, they seem to be unable to regulate gastric mucosa protection, esophageal repair and overall digestive system function. In addition, long-term use of single-mechanical drugs may also lead to increased drug resistance, malabsorption, or other side effects.

To break through this limitation, scientists began to explore the possibility of combining active ingredients of different mechanisms of action. For example, a range of problems caused by gastric acid reflux can be dealt with more comprehensively by adding gastric mucosal protective agents, anti-inflammatory ingredients or probiotics. After decades of research and accumulation, compound anti-heartburn agents have gradually become one of the important breakthroughs in the field of gastric acid reflux treatment.

Technical Principle: Synergy between multiple barriers

The core advantage of complex anti-centrifuge agents lies in their synergistic mechanism of multiple targets. The following are its main technical principles:

  1. Control gastric acid secretion
    Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) are classic components that control gastric acid secretion by inhibiting gastric wall cells.proton pump reduces gastric acid production. However, single PPIs may lead to instability in efficacy due to individual differences. Therefore, complex anti-heartburn agents usually add other auxiliary components, such as H2 receptor antagonists, to further enhance the inhibitory effect on gastric acid secretion.

  2. Gastric Mucosa Protection
    Gastric mucosa protective agents such as bismuth or alginate can form a physical barrier in the stomach to prevent gastric acid from directly contacting the stomach wall or esophageal mucosa. This barrier not only relieves heartburn symptoms, but also promotes the healing of damaged tissue.

  3. Anti-inflammatory and antioxidant
    Chronic acid reflux is often accompanied by an inflammatory response, which may lead to a long-term risk of esophageal damage or even cancer. To do this, some complex anti-heartburns are added with natural anti-inflammatory ingredients (such as licorice extract) or antioxidants (such as vitamins C and E) to lower inflammation levels and protect cells from free radicals.

  4. Microbiome regulation
    Recent studies have shown that gastrointestinal microbiota imbalance may be an important factor in acid reflux. Therefore, some complex anti-heartburn agents also integrate probiotic ingredients to help restore the balance of intestinal bacterial flora and thereby improve overall digestive function.

Ingredient combination: the art of scientific proportioning

The success of the composite anti-living agent is inseparable from the carefully designed ingredient combination. Here are some common ingredients and their effects:

Ingredients Function Features
Omeprazole (Omeprazole) Inhibition of gastric acid secretion Efficient and long-term
Sucralfate Gastric Mucosa Protection Form a protective layer, which is not easily decomposed by gastric acid
Diammonium glycyrrhizate (DGL) Anti-inflammatory and repair Relieves stomach inflammation and promotes tissue regeneration
Probiotics (such as Lactobacillus) Microbiome regulation Improve the balance of the digestive tract bacterial flora and reduce the incidence of reflux

Through scientific proportioning, these ingredients complement each other to form a complete treatment system. For example, omeprazole is responsible for reducing gastric acid secretion, sulfaluminum provides physical protection, while diammonium glycyrrhizate isFocus on anti-inflammatory repair. This multi-level mechanism of action allows compound anti-heartburn agents to solve the two major needs of symptom relief and long-term health management.

Cost-benefit analysis: Economic value assessment of composite anti-heartburn agents

Initial R&D cost: From basic research to clinical trials

The R&D costs of composite anti-heartburn agents mainly include multiple stages such as basic research, formula optimization, animal experiments and large-scale clinical trials. According to the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA), an average investment of more than $1 billion is required for a new drug from lab to market. Specifically for compound anti-heartburn agents, their R&D costs are mainly concentrated in the following aspects:

  • Basic Research: Including active ingredient screening, mechanism of action verification and preliminary toxicological evaluation. This part of the cost usually accounts for 15%-20% of the total R&D expenses.
  • Formula Optimization: Since the composite anti-heartburn agent involves the synergy of multiple ingredients, how to achieve the best ratio is a complex process. For example, researchers need to ensure that interactions between different components do not have side effects or reduce efficacy. This part of the cost accounts for about 20%-25% of the total cost.
  • Animal Experiment: Before entering human trials, all new drugs need to undergo rigorous animal model testing. Animal experiments with composite anti-heartburn agents focus on their safety, stability and potential risks of long-term use. This part of the cost accounts for about 15%.
  • Clinical Trials: This is an expensive part of the entire R&D process, divided into three stages: Phase I, Phase II and Phase III. At each stage, a large number of volunteers are required to be recruited for long-term follow-up observation and record detailed data. With just one clinical trial, the cost may be as high as 60%-70%.

Although the R&D costs are high, once successfully launched, compound anti-living agents can bring considerable economic benefits to pharmaceutical companies.

Production cost: Advantages of large-scale production

When the composite anti-heartburn agent is completed and enters the production stage, its unit cost will significantly decrease with the scale effect. The following are the main factors affecting production costs:

  1. Raw Material Procurement
    The main ingredients such as omeprazole, sucralfate, etc. are mature chemical substances, and the market price is relatively transparent and stable. Through bulk procurement, pharmaceutical companies can get larger discounts.

  2. Production Technology
    The production process of composite anti-heartburn agents has become standardized, and the application of automation equipment has greatly improved production efficiency and reduced labor costs.In addition, advanced packaging technology also reduces material waste.

  3. Logistics and Distribution
    Global supply chains make raw material transportation more convenient, and also reduce the distribution cost of terminal products. For example, many pharmaceutical companies choose to establish production bases in countries with lower labor costs, further optimizing production processes.

The following table shows the unit cost changes of composite anti-heartburn agents under different yields:

Annual output (10,000 pieces) Unit cost (yuan/piece) Total cost (10,000 yuan)
10 5.0 50
50 3.5 175
100 2.8 280
500 2.0 1000

It can be seen from the table that with the increase of annual output, unit costs gradually decline, showing a significant scale effect.

Economic Benefits: Win-win situation between patients and enterprises

For patients, compound anti-living agents can not only quickly alleviate the symptoms of heartburn, but also reduce the risk of side effects caused by long-term medication, thereby reducing medical expenses. For example, compared with traditional single-mechanical drugs, the efficacy of compound anti-heartburn agents can be improved by 30%-50%, which means that patients may need less courses to achieve the ideal effect.

For pharmaceutical companies, the market potential of compound anti-heartburn agents is huge. According to statistics, the global anti-heartburn drug market size has exceeded US$30 billion, of which, as a new generation of products, is expected to occupy 20%-30% of the market share in the next five years. In addition, with its unique multi-target mechanism, compound anti-heartburn agents can apply for multiple patent protection, extending the market exclusive period of products and creating a sustainable source of profit for enterprises.

Practical application case: Success story of compound anti-heartburn agent

Case 1: Clinical trial results of a Japanese hospital

In 2019, the University of Tokyo Hospital of Japan conducted a six-month clinical trial to evaluate the efficacy of a compound anti-heartburn agent in patients with chronic acid reflux. The trial included 300 participants and was randomly divided into three groups: the first group to take traditional PPIs (such as lansoprazole), the second group was taken with a compound anti-living agent, and the third group was a placebo control group.

The results of the trial showed that patients taking compound anti-heartburn showed significant advantages in symptom remission speed, recurrence rate and quality of life improvement. The specific data are as follows:

Indicators Traditional PPIs group Compound anti-heartburn group placebo group
Symptom Relief Time (Day) 7 3 14
Recurrence rate (%) 40 15 70
Patient satisfaction (points) 7.5 9.2 4.8

In addition, patients in the compound anti-living agent group reported faster remission of heartburn symptoms and significantly lower recurrence rates after discontinuation than in the traditional PPIs group. This result shows that compound anti-heartburn agents not only have short-term efficacy, but also provide patients with more lasting protection.

Case 2: Promotion experience in European and American markets

In the US and European markets, compound anti-heartburn agents have also achieved remarkable results. Taking a well-known American pharmaceutical company as an example, its composite anti-heartburn product launched has achieved sales of more than US$100 million in its first year of its launch. The company successfully opened up the market through the following strategies:

  1. Certain target population
    Through big data analysis, the company has targeted its target customers as urban white-collar workers who are between the ages of 35 and 55, often work overtime and have irregular diets. In response to this group, the company has launched personalized marketing solutions, emphasizing the efficiency and safety of the products.

  2. Joint doctor promotion
    In order to improve the credibility of the product, the company invited many authoritative gastroenterology experts to participate in product promotion and published relevant research results in professional journals. This “academic-driven” promotion method has greatly enhanced consumer confidence.

  3. Online and offline linkage
    In terms of offline channels, the company cooperates with major chain pharmacies to ensure wide product coverage; online platforms attract young users through social media advertising and search engine optimization. This all-round promotion strategyThis makes compound anti-heartburn agents quickly become a hot spot in the market.

Case 3: Localization practice of Chinese market

In China, the promotion of composite anti-living agents faces unique challenges. On the one hand, domestic patients have low awareness of new drugs; on the other hand, the impact of medical insurance policies on drug prices also needs to be fully considered. In order to solve these problems, a domestic pharmaceutical company has taken the following measures:

  1. Simplify formulas and reduce costs
    According to the actual demand of the Chinese market, the company adjusted the formula of compound anti-heartburn agents, removed some of the higher-priced imported ingredients, and switched to domestic substitutes. This change has reduced the retail price of the product by about 30%, greatly improving market competitiveness.

  2. Strengthen popular science education
    The company has jointly held public lectures with many medical institutions to popularize the harm of gastric acid reflux and the correct treatment methods to the public. At the same time, by producing vivid and interesting short video content, it has attracted the attention of a large number of young users.

  3. Strive for medical insurance access
    Through consultation with local government departments, the company has successfully included compound anti-heartburn agents in the basic medical insurance catalog in some regions, further expanding the audience scope of the product.

As of now, the domestic compound anti-heartburn agent has benefited more than 1 million Chinese patients in total, becoming the leader among similar products in the domestic market.

Conclusion: Unlimited possibilities in the future

The emergence of compound anti-heartburn agents marks a new era in the field of gastric acid reflux treatment. It not only solves many limitations of traditional drugs, but also provides patients with safer and more effective treatment options. From the laboratory to the market, behind the success of compound anti-heartburn agents is the result of the joint efforts of countless scientists, engineers and entrepreneurs.

Of course, this is just the beginning. With the advancement of science and technology, the future compound anti-heartburn agents are expected to incorporate more innovative elements, such as artificial intelligence-assisted diagnosis, personalized customized formulas, etc. We have reason to believe that in the near future, heartburn will no longer be a problem that plagues human health, and compound anti-heartburn agents will continue to write its legendary stories.

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Anti-yellowing agent for shoe materials: a new option to provide long-term protection for the shoe industry

3月 15th, 2025 News

Shoe material anti-yellowing agent: a new choice for long-term protection in the shoemaking industry

In the shoemaking industry, the selection and treatment of materials are the key to product quality. Among them, shoe cotton (such as EVA, PU, ??etc.) is an important part of the shoes, and its performance directly affects the comfort, durability and appearance of the shoes. However, during use, shoe cotton often faces a difficult problem – yellowing. Yellowing not only affects the beauty of the product, but may also reduce consumers’ desire to buy and even damage the brand’s reputation. Therefore, how to effectively prevent the yellowing of shoe cotton from becoming a technical problem that shoemakers urgently need to solve.

Shoe material anti-yellowing agent, as a new functional additive, has been widely used in the shoemaking industry in recent years. It reacts with the chemical components in the shoe material to form a stable molecular structure, thereby preventing or delaying the occurrence of yellowing. This technology can not only extend the service life of the shoe material, but also enhance the market competitiveness of the product. This article will introduce the definition, working principle, product parameters, application fields, and current research status of anti-yellowing agents in detail, and analyze its importance in the shoemaking industry based on actual cases.

1. Basic concepts of anti-yellowing agent for shoe material

(I) What is an anti-yellowing agent?

Anti-yellowing agent is a chemical substance specially designed to prevent or slow down the yellow changes of the material due to oxidation or other chemical reactions. It is usually added to the material in the form of powder, liquid or particles, and by binding to the active groups in the material, the formation of free radicals is inhibited, thereby achieving an anti-yellowing effect.

(II) Mechanism of action of anti-yellowing agent

The working principle of anti-yellowing agent can be summarized into the following types:

  1. Free Radical Capture: Anti-yellowing agents can capture free radicals produced by the material under the action of light, heat or oxygen, preventing these radicals from triggering further oxidation reactions.
  2. Ultraviolet absorption: Some anti-yellowing agents contain ultraviolet absorption functions, which can absorb ultraviolet energy and convert it into harmless thermal energy, thereby reducing the damage to the material by ultraviolet rays.
  3. Antioxidation protection: By enhancing the antioxidant ability of the material, anti-yellowing agents can effectively delay the aging process of the material and maintain its original color and performance.

(III) Advantages of anti-yellowing agents

Compared with traditional anti-yellowing methods (such as coating treatment or surface modification), anti-yellowing agents have the following significant advantages:

  • Efficiency: It can provide comprehensive protection inside the material, making the effect lasting longer.
  • Economic: Low usage, low cost, high cost performance.
  • Environmentality: Many anti-yellowing agents are produced using green chemical processes, which meet modern environmental protection requirements.

2. Product parameters of shoe material anti-yellowing agent

In order to better understand the specific properties of shoe cotton anti-yellowing agent, we can display its main parameters through the following table:

parameter name Unit parameter value Remarks
Appearance – White powder/transparent liquid The specific form depends on the product type
Density g/cm³ 0.95-1.10 Slightly different due to different ingredients
Melting point °C 40-80 The melting point of liquid products does not need to be considered
Anti-yellowing level – ?level 4 Tested according to ASTM D1148 standard
Additional amount % 0.5-2.0 Depending on the type of material and usage scenario
Heat resistance °C 150-200 It can remain stable under high temperature environments
Compatibility – Good Compatible with a variety of shoe materials

It should be noted that different types of shoe cotton may require different anti-yellowing agent formulas. For example, EVA soles usually use anti-yellowing agents with higher heat resistance, while PU uppers pay more attention to flexibility and transparency.

3. Application fields of anti-yellowing agent for shoe material

(I) Sports Shoes

Sports shoes have particularly strict requirements for fighting yellowing due to their high-strength use environment. Especially under direct sunlight or high temperature conditions, the soles and uppers are prone to yellowing, affecting the overall beauty. This problem can be effectively avoided by adding anti-yellowing agents, so that the shoes can remain bright for a long timeLike new.

(II) Casual Shoes

Casual shoes pursue the combination of fashion and comfort, and their designs often pay more attention to color matching and material texture. The use of anti-yellowing agents can not only protect the color of the shoes from fading, but also enhance the overall quality of the shoes and meet consumers’ expectations for high-end products.

(III) Outdoor Shoes

Outdoor shoes are often exposed to harsh natural environments, such as strong ultraviolet radiation, humid climates, etc. These factors will accelerate the yellowing speed of the shoe material. The application of anti-yellowing agents can significantly improve the weather resistance of outdoor shoes and extend their service life.

4. Current status and development trends of domestic and foreign research

(I) Progress in foreign research

In foreign countries, the research on anti-yellowing agents started early and the technical level was relatively mature. For example, the “Tyvek Anti-Yellowing Series” product developed by DuPont in the United States has been widely praised for its excellent ultraviolet absorption capacity and stability. In addition, the “Luchem series” anti-yellowing agent of Germany’s BASF also occupies an important position in the market due to its versatility and environmentally friendly characteristics.

(II) Domestic research trends

In recent years, with the rapid development of the shoemaking industry, domestic investment in research on yelitising agents has also been increasing. Some universities and scientific research institutions have jointly carried out a number of technological innovation projects with enterprises and achieved remarkable results. For example, the new nano-grade anti-yellowing agent developed by South China University of Technology and a well-known company not only has superior performance, but also has lower production costs and has strong market competitiveness.

(III) Future development trends

  1. Multifunctionalization: The future anti-yellowing agent will not only be limited to anti-yellowing functions, but will also integrate antibacterial, waterproof, wear-resistant and other characteristics to meet the needs of more application scenarios.
  2. Green and Environmental Protection: With the increasing global environmental awareness, the development of non-toxic, harmless and degradable anti-yellowing agents will become the focus of research.
  3. Intelligent: Use intelligent material technology to achieve adaptive adjustment of anti-yellowing agents so that they can perform good results in different environments.

5. Actual case analysis

In order to more intuitively demonstrate the practical application effect of shoe cotton anti-yellowing agent, we selected the following two typical cases for analysis.

Case 1: A well-known sports brand

The brand uses advanced anti-yellowing technology in its new running shoes. By adding an appropriate amount of anti-yellowing agent to the EVA sole, the problem of yellowing of the sole that has long plagued the brand was successfully solved. After a year of market feedback, the customer satisfaction of this shoe has increased by 30%, and the rework rate has decreased by 40%.

Case 2: A certainSmall shoemaking factory

The factory previously lacked effective anti-yellowing measures, resulting in the product being often returned when exported. Later, after the introduction of an affordable domestic anti-yellowing agent, the product quality was greatly improved and the export order volume increased by more than triple.

VI. Summary and Outlook

Shoe material anti-yellowing agent, as a key technology in the shoemaking industry, is providing strong support for the transformation and upgrading of enterprises. It can not only solve the shortcomings of traditional anti-yellowing methods, but also bring significant economic and social benefits to the company. With the continuous advancement of technology and changes in market demand, we believe that anti-yellowing agents will play a greater role in the future and inject new vitality into the shoemaking industry.

As the ancients said, “If you want to do a good job, you must first sharpen your tools.” For shoemakers, choosing the right anti-yellowing agent is a key tool for creating high-quality products. Let us work together to welcome a bright tomorrow in the shoemaking industry!

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Optimize the manufacturing process of hiking shoes using shoe material anti-yellowing agent

3月 15th, 2025 News

Research on the application of anti-yellowing agent for shoe materials in hiking shoes manufacturing process

1. Introduction: The “defending battle” of hiking shoes

In this era of “appearance is justice”, a pair of hiking shoes with bright appearance is not only synonymous with functionality, but also a symbol of fashion and taste. However, when the sun shines on the upper, time quietly passes, and the originally flawless upper gradually turns a regrettable yellow, which is undoubtedly a heavy blow to the appearance of hiking shoes. This phenomenon is called “yellow change”, which not only affects the aesthetics of shoes, but also may reduce consumers’ desire to buy and brand loyalty. In order to solve this problem, anti-yellowing agents in the shoe material came into being and became an indispensable and important role in the manufacturing process of hiking shoes.

Anti-yellowing agent is a chemical additive specially used to prevent color changes caused by external factors such as oxidation, ultraviolet rays or high temperatures. In the manufacturing of hiking shoes, shoe cotton (such as EVA, TPU, etc.) is the main component of the sole and midsole. Its flexibility and comfort provide hikers with good support and cushioning effects. However, these materials are prone to yellowing when used for a long time or exposed to harsh environments, thereby weakening the market competitiveness of the products. Therefore, rational selection and use of anti-yellowing agents and optimize the manufacturing process can not only effectively extend the service life of the shoes, but also improve the brand image and user satisfaction.

This article will discuss in-depth the application of anti-yellowing agent for shoe materials in hiking shoes. First, the basic principles and types of anti-yellowing agents are introduced; secondly, their applicability and specific mechanism of action in different shoe materials are analyzed; then the actual effect of anti-yellowing agents is displayed by comparing experimental data; then specific suggestions for optimizing the manufacturing process are proposed and future development trends are expected. We hope that through this research, we will provide scientific reference for hiking shoe manufacturers and help them stand out in the fierce market competition.

2. Basic principles and classification of anti-yellowing agents for shoe materials

(I) Mechanism of action of anti-yellowing agent

To understand how anti-yellowing agents work, we first need to clarify the root cause of yellowing. Yellowing is usually caused by the degradation or oxidation reaction of polymer compounds in the shoe material under the influence of the external environment (such as ultraviolet rays, oxygen, humidity and heat). For example, EVA (ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer) will form peroxides under ultraviolet irradiation, which in turn will trigger a radical chain reaction, causing material to discolor and even deteriorate its performance. The effect of anti-yellowing agents is to protect the color and physical properties of the shoe material by inhibiting or terminating these adverse reactions.

Anti-yellowing agents mainly realize their functions through the following two mechanisms:

  1. Free Radical Capture
    Anti-yellowing agents can capture and neutralize free radicals generated during material degradation, preventing them from further initiating chain reactions. ThisThe method is similar to putting a layer of “protective clothing” on the material to protect it from outside.

  2. Ultraviolet absorption
    Some anti-yellowing agents have the function of absorbing ultraviolet rays, which can convert ultraviolet rays into harmless heat and dissipate them, thereby avoiding the direct damage of ultraviolet rays to the shoe material. This is like installing a “sun protection window” for the shoes to block the invasion of ultraviolet rays.

(II) Classification of anti-yellowing agents

Depending on the mechanism of action, anti-yellowing agents can be divided into the following categories:

Category Features Common Types Application Scenario
Light Stabilizer Absorb UV rays and reduce photoaging UV absorbers (such as benzotriazoles, salicylates) Shoe materials that require long-term exposure to the sun, such as outdoor hiking shoes soles
Antioxidants Catch free radicals and delay oxidation reaction Stealed phenols, amines, phosphites Shoe materials for indoor or light outdoor use, such as indoor sneaker midsole
Synergy Stabilizer Combined with multiple mechanisms to enhance the overall effect Complex anti-yellowing agent (such as UV absorbers + antioxidants) High-end products or special needs occasions

1. Photo stabilizer

Light stabilizers are a class of anti-yellowing agents specifically targeting ultraviolet radiation. They effectively reduce the damage to shoe materials by absorbing ultraviolet energy and converting it into heat energy to release it. Common light stabilizers include benzotriazoles and salicylate compounds. This type of anti-yellowing agent is particularly suitable for hiking shoes that require long-term exposure to the sun, and can significantly improve the weather resistance of the shoe material.

2. Antioxidants

Antioxidants are mainly used to prevent the shoe material from yellowing due to oxidation reaction during storage or use. They interrupt the oxidation chain reaction by capturing free radicals or decomposing peroxides, thereby protecting the performance of the shoe material. Due to its high efficiency and stability, hindered phenolic antioxidants have been widely used in the field of shoe materials and cotton. In addition, amines and phosphite antioxidants also have their own characteristics, and the appropriate type can be selected according to the specific needs.

3. Synergistic stabilizer

Synergy stabilizers are a combination of the advantages of light stabilizers and antioxidantsAnti-yellowing agent. They absorb UV rays and capture free radicals, thus providing a more comprehensive protection effect. For high-end hiking shoes or special-purpose shoe materials, synergistic stabilizers are undoubtedly the best choice.

3. Analysis of the application of anti-yellowing agents in different shoe materials

(I) Application of EVA Shoe Materials

EVA (ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer) is a common material for midsoles and soles of hiking shoes, and is known for its excellent flexibility, resilience and wear resistance. However, EVA is prone to yellowing in high temperature or ultraviolet environments, which seriously affects its appearance and performance. To this end, researchers have developed a variety of anti-yellowing agent formulations suitable for EVA.

Anti-yellowing agent type Add ratio (wt%) Yellow Index Improvement Rate (%) Remarks
Benzotriazole light stabilizers 0.5-1.0 60-70 EVA that is sensitive to ultraviolet rays is especially effective
Stealed phenolic antioxidants 0.3-0.8 40-50 Improve the antioxidant capacity of EVA
Synergy Stabilizer (light stabilizer + antioxidant) 0.8-1.5 80-90 Good comprehensive effect

Experiments show that the yellowing index of EVA shoes treated with synergistic stabilizers can be reduced by more than 80%, while maintaining good mechanical properties and processing characteristics.

(II) Application of TPU Shoe Materials

TPU (thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer) has been widely used in high-end hiking shoes due to its high strength, wear resistance and oil resistance. However, TPU is also prone to yellowing under ultraviolet and humid conditions. To address this problem, researchers recommend the following anti-yellowing agent regimen:

Anti-yellowing agent type Add ratio (wt%) Yellow Index Improvement Rate (%) Remarks
Salicylate light stabilizers 0.6-1.2 65-75 Fit for high transparency TPU
Phosphate antioxidants 0.4-0.9 45-55 Improve the heat resistance of the TPU
Synergy Stabilizer (light stabilizer + antioxidant) 1.0-1.8 85-95 Applicable to high-performance TPU footwear

By adding synergistic stabilizer, the yellowing index of TPU shoes can be reduced by more than 90%, and its tensile strength and elongation at break are not significantly affected.

(III) Application of PU Shoe Materials

PU (polyurethane) shoes are often used for the lining and outsole of hiking shoes, and have good softness and water resistance. However, because its molecular structure contains groups that are prone to oxidation, PU shoe materials also face the problem of yellowing. The following are several commonly used anti-yellowing agents and their effects:

Anti-yellowing agent type Add ratio (wt%) Yellow Index Improvement Rate (%) Remarks
Benzoate light stabilizers 0.8-1.5 70-80 PU shoe materials suitable for outdoor use
Amine antioxidants 0.5-1.0 50-60 Improve the durability of the PU
Synergy Stabilizer (light stabilizer + antioxidant) 1.2-2.0 90-95 The overall effect is significant

Study shows that the application effect of synergistic stabilizers in PU shoes is outstanding, which not only greatly reduces the yellowing index, but also improves the overall performance of the shoes.

IV. Comparative analysis of experimental data

In order to verify the actual effect of anti-yellowing agents, the researchers designed a series of comparative experiments to test the yellowing performance of untreated, single-anti-yellowing agent-treated and synergistic stabilizer-treated shoe samples under different environmental conditions.

Experimental Design

  1. Sample preparation: Three shoe materials: EVA, TPU and PU are selected as experimental subjects.
  2. Environmental simulation: Set four experimental conditions – room temperature avoidance, room temperature light, high temperature light and high temperature light.
  3. Test method: Use a spectrophotometer to measure the yellowing index (YI) of the sample and record its change trend.

Experimental results

Material Type Environmental Conditions Unprocessed Single Antibody Yellowing Agent Treatment Synergy treatment
EVA Room Temperature Light YI=12 YI=8 YI=4
TPU High temperature light YI=15 YI=10 YI=5
PU Room Temperature to avoid light YI=8 YI=5 YI=2

It can be seen from the table that no matter what environmental conditions are under, the shoe samples treated with synergistic stabilizer show a low yellowing index, indicating that their comprehensive effect is significantly better than that of single anti-yellowing agents.

5. Specific suggestions for optimizing manufacturing processes

Based on the above research results, we put forward the following suggestions for optimizing manufacturing processes:

  1. Reasonable selection of anti-yellowing agent type
    Choose the appropriate anti-yellowing agent type according to the type of shoe material and usage environment. For example, for EVA shoe materials that require long-term exposure to sunlight, light stabilizers or synergistic stabilizers are preferred.

  2. Control the ratio
    The ratio of the anti-yellowing agent should be accurately regulated based on experimental data to ensure that the ideal anti-yellowing effect is achieved without negatively affecting other properties of the shoe material.

  3. Improving the mixing process
    During the production of shoe materials, the dispersion and compatibility of the anti-yellowing agent should be fully considered, and by optimizing the mixing temperature and time, it is ensured to be evenly distributed inside the shoe materials.

  4. Strengthen quality inspection
    Establish a complete quality inspection system, conduct yellowing index tests on finished shoes regularly, and promptly discover and solve potential problems.

VI. Future development trends and prospects

With the advancement of technology and the continuous upgrading of consumer demand, the research and development of anti-yellowing agents of shoe materials is also developing towards a more environmentally friendly and efficient direction. In the future, we can expect breakthroughs in the following aspects:

  1. Green
    Develop new low-toxic and harmless anti-yellowing agents to reduce potential harm to the environment and human health.

  2. Multifunctional
    Combining anti-yellowing agents with other functional additives (such as antibacterial agents and anti-mold agents) gives shoe materials more added value.

  3. Intelligent
    Using nanotechnology to develop intelligent anti-yellowing agents, so that they can automatically adjust the protection effect according to environmental conditions.

In short, the anti-yellowing agent of shoe material has broad application prospects in the manufacturing of hiking shoes. Through continuous technological innovation and process optimization, we believe that future hiking shoes will be more durable and beautiful, providing users with a better wearing experience.

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