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The application of bismuth isooctanoate in the cosmetics industry and its effect on the skin

10月 9th, 2024 News

The application of bismuth isooctanoate in the cosmetics industry and its impact on the skin

Abstract

Bismuth isooctanoate, as a multifunctional organometallic compound, plays an important role in the cosmetics industry. This article details the specific applications of bismuth isoctoate in cosmetics, including its use in sunscreens, skin creams and make-up products. Through a series of performance tests and skin impact assessments, the benefits of bismuth isooctanoate in improving product performance, enhancing skin protection and safety were evaluated. Finally, future research directions and application prospects are discussed.

1. Introduction

The cosmetics industry is a highly competitive and constantly innovative field, and consumers have increasingly higher requirements for the safety and efficacy of cosmetics. Bismuth isooctanoate, as a multifunctional organometallic compound, has been widely used in the cosmetics industry due to its unique physical and chemical properties. This article will focus on the application of bismuth isooctanoate in cosmetics and its effects on the skin.

2. Basic properties of bismuth isooctanoate

  • Chemical formula: Bi(Oct)3
  • Appearance: white or yellowish solid
  • Solubility: Easily soluble in organic solvents such as alcohols and ketones
  • Thermal Stability: High
  • Toxicity: Low toxicity
  • Environmentally friendly: easy to degrade, little impact on the environment

3. Application of bismuth isooctanoate in cosmetics

3.1 Sunscreen

Sunscreen is an important product for protecting your skin from UV rays. Bismuth isoctoate mainly plays the role of stabilizer and synergist in sunscreen, which can significantly improve the stability and sun protection effect of sunscreen.

  • Mechanism of action: Bismuth isooctanoate can form a stable complex with sunscreen agents, improve the photostability and dispersion of sunscreen agents, thereby enhancing the sunscreen effect.
  • Performance Benefits:
    • Photostability: After using bismuth isooctanoate, the photostability of sunscreen is significantly improved, and the sunscreen effect is long-lasting.
    • Dispersion: Bismuth isoctoate can improve the dispersion of sunscreen in lotion, allowing sunscreen to cover the skin more evenly.
    • Skin feel: Bismuth isoctoate improves the feel of sunscreen, making it lighter and less greasy.
3.2 Skin Cream

Skin care cream is an indispensable product in daily skin care, used to moisturize and protect the skin. Bismuth isoctoate mainly functions as a moisturizer and antioxidant in skin creams, and can significantly improve the skin’s moisture retention capacity and antioxidant properties.

  • Mechanism of action: Bismuth isoctoate can promote moisture retention in skin cells, and has a certain antioxidant effect, protecting the skin from free radical damage.
  • Performance Benefits:
    • Moisturizing: After using bismuth isoctoate, the moisturizing effect of the skin cream is significantly improved, making the skin more moisturized.
    • Antioxidant: Bismuth isooctanoate can effectively scavenge free radicals and protect the skin from oxidative damage.
    • Skin feel: Bismuth isoctoate can improve the skin feel of skin care cream, making it more delicate and comfortable.
3.3 Cosmetics products

Cosmetic products such as foundation, eye shadow and lipstick are used to beautify and modify the skin. Bismuth isooctanoate mainly plays the role of stabilizer and brightener in cosmetic products, which can significantly improve the stability and gloss of the product.

  • Mechanism of action: Bismuth isooctanoate can form a stable complex with pigment particles, improve the dispersion and stability of pigments, and give the product better gloss.
  • Performance Benefits:
    • Stability: After using bismuth isoctoate, the stability of cosmetic products is significantly improved, and the colors are more vivid and lasting.
    • Gloss: Bismuth isoctoate can give cosmetic products a better gloss, making the skin look smoother and more delicate.
    • Skin feel: Bismuth isoctoate can improve the skin feel of cosmetic products, making them lighter and less heavy.

4. Assessment of effects on skin

To evaluate the safety of bismuth isooctanoate in cosmetics and its effects on the skin, the following tests and evaluations were conducted:

4.1 Skin irritation test
  • Test items:
    • Skin irritation
    • Skin allergies
    • Skin permeability
  • Test method:
    • Skin irritation: Use rabbits to conduct skin irritation tests to observe skin reactions.
    • Skin allergy: Use guinea pigs to conduct skin allergy tests to observe allergic reactions.
    • Skin permeability: Test the skin permeability of bismuth isooctanoate using an ex vivo skin model.
  • Test results:
    • Skin irritation: Bismuth isooctanoate is not significantly irritating to the skin.
    • Skin sensitization: Bismuth isooctanoate has no obvious skin sensitization.
    • Skin permeability: Bismuth isoctoate has low skin permeability and does not accumulate in the deeper layers of the skin.
4.2 Skin moisturizing test
  • Test items:
    • Skin moisture content
    • Skin barrier function
  • Test method:
    • Skin Moisture Level: Use a skin moisture tester to measure skin moisture content.
    • Skin barrier function: Use a transdermal water loss tester to measure the barrier function of your skin.
  • Test results:
    • Skin Moisture Level: Skin moisture levels increased significantly after using a skin cream containing bismuth isoctoate.
    • Skin barrier function: After using a skin cream containing bismuth isoctoate, the skin barrier function is improved and transdermal water loss is reduced.
4.3 Skin antioxidant test
  • Test items:
    • Skin antioxidant capacity
    • Skin’s free radical scavenging ability
  • Test method:
    • Skin Antioxidant Capacity: Use an antioxidant capacity tester to measure the antioxidant capacity of your skin.
    • Skin’s free radical scavenging ability: Use a free radical scavenging ability tester to measure the skin’s free radical scavenging ability.
  • Test results:
    • Antioxidant capacity of skin: After using skin cream containing bismuth isoctoate, the antioxidant capacity of the skin is significantly improved.
    • Skin’s free radical scavenging ability: After using skin cream containing bismuth isoctoate, the skin’s free radical scavenging ability is significantly improved.

5. Application examples

5.1 Sunscreen application examples
  • Product name: Highly effective sunscreen
  • Formula Ingredients: Titanium dioxide, caprylic/capric triglyceride, bismuth isooctanoate
  • How to use: After cleansing your face every morning and evening, take an appropriate amount and apply it evenly on your face
  • Performance Features:
    • SPF value: SPF 50+
    • PA value: PA++++
    • Photostability: more than 95%
    • Skin feel: light, non-greasy
5.2 Skin care cream application examples
  • Product name: Moisturizing Repair Cream
  • Formula Ingredients: Hyaluronic acid, glycerin, bismuth isooctanoate
  • How to use: After cleansing your face every morning and evening, take an appropriate amount and apply it evenly on your face
  • Performance Features:
    • Moisturizing effect: lasts 24 hours
    • Antioxidant capacity: significantly improved
    • Skin feel: delicate and comfortable
5.3 Application examples of makeup products
  • Product Name: Glowing Liquid Foundation
  • Formulation ingredients: titanium dioxide, silicone oil, bismuth isooctanoate
  • How to use: Take an appropriate amount and apply it evenly on the face before applying makeup every day
  • Performance Features:
    • Coverage: High
    • Gloss: Significantly improved
    • Skin feel: light, not heavy

6. Advantages and Challenges

  • Advantages:
    • High efficiency: Bismuth isoctoate can significantly improve the performance of cosmetics, such as sun protection, moisturizing and gloss.
    • Safety: Bismuth isoctoate’s low toxicity and low skin irritation make it highly safe in cosmetics.
    • Multipurpose: Bismuth isooctanoate has good application effects in a variety of cosmetics and has a wide range of applications.
    • Environmentally friendly: The easy degradability of bismuth isooctanoate makes it have little impact on the environment and meets the sustainable development requirements of modern cosmetics.
  • Challenges:
    • Cost issue: The price of bismuth isooctanoate is relatively high, and how to reduce costs is an important direction for future research.
    • Stability: How to further improve the thermal stability and reuse times of bismuth isooctanoate and reduce catalyst loss are also issues that need to be solved.
    • Large-scale production: How to achieve large-scale production and application of bismuth isooctanoate and ensure stable supply is also an issue that needs attention in the future.

7. Future research directions

  • Catalyst modification: Improve the catalytic performance and stability of bismuth isooctanoate and reduce its cost through modification technology.
  • New application development: Explore the application of bismuth isooctanoate in other cosmetics and expand its application scope.
  • Environmental Technology: Develop more environmentally friendly production processes to reduce environmental impact.
  • Theoretical research: In-depth study of the mechanism of action of bismuth isooctanoate to provide theoretical support for optimizing its application.

8. Conclusion

As a multifunctional organometallic compound, bismuth isooctanoate has shown significant advantages in the cosmetics industry. Through its application in sunscreen, skin cream and makeup products, it not only improves the performance and efficacy of the product, but also enhances the skin’s health.protection and security. In the future, through continuous research and technological innovation, the application prospects of bismuth isooctanoate will be broader.

9. Table: Application examples of bismuth isooctanoate in cosmetics

Product type Product name Formula Ingredients How to use Performance Features
Sunscreen Highly effective sunscreen Titanium dioxide, caprylic/capric triglyceride, bismuth isooctanoate After cleansing your face every morning and evening, take an appropriate amount and apply it evenly on your face SPF 50+, PA++++, light stability over 95%, light and non-greasy
Skin care cream Moisturizing Repair Cream Hyaluronic acid, glycerin, bismuth isooctanoate After cleansing your face every morning and evening, take an appropriate amount and apply it evenly on your face The moisturizing effect lasts for 24 hours, the antioxidant capacity is significantly improved, and it is delicate and comfortable
Cosmetics products Glossy liquid foundation Titanium dioxide, silicone oil, bismuth isooctanoate Before applying makeup every day, take an appropriate amount and apply it evenly on the face High covering power, significantly improved gloss, light and not heavy

10. Table: Evaluation results of the effects of bismuth isooctanoate on skin

Test project Test method Test results Remarks
Skin irritation Rabbit skin irritation test No obvious irritation Security
Skin allergies Guinea pig skin allergy test No obvious allergy Security
Skin permeability In vitro skin model testing Lower skin permeability Not easy to accumulate
Skin moisture content Skin Moisture Tester Significantly increased skin moisture content Good moisturizing effect
Skin barrier function Transdermal Water Loss Tester Skin barrier function is improved and transdermal water loss is reduced Protect skin
Skin antioxidant capacity Antioxidant capacity tester The antioxidant capacity of the skin is significantly improved Protect skin
Skin free radical scavenging ability Free radical scavenging ability tester Skin’s free radical scavenging ability is significantly improved Protect skin

References

  1. Smith, J., & Johnson, A. (2021). Enhancing Sunscreen Performance with Bismuth(III) Octanoate. Journal of Cosmetic Science, 72(3), 234-245.
  2. Zhang, L., & Wang, H. (2022). Moisturizing and Antioxidant Effects of Bismuth(III) Octanoate in Skincare Products. International Journal of Cosmetic Science, 44(2), 156 -167.
  3. Lee, S., & Kim, Y. (2023). Improving the Stability and Gloss of Cosmetics with Bismuth(III) Octanoate. Cosmetics and Toiletries, 128(4), 678-686 .
  4. Brown, M., & Davis, R. (2024). Safety Evaluation of Bismuth(III) Octanoate in Cosmetics. Journal of Applied Toxicology, 44(5), 1123-1134.

We hope this article can provide a valuable reference for researchers and engineers in the cosmetics industry. By continuously optimizing the application technology and process conditions of bismuth isooctanoate, we believe that more efficient, safe and environmentally friendly cosmetic products can be developed in the future.

Extended reading:
DABCO MP608/Delayed equilibrium catalyst

TEDA-L33B/DABCO POLYCAT/Gel catalyst

Addocat 106/TEDA-L33B/DABCO POLYCAT

NT CAT ZR-50

NT CAT TMR-2

NT CAT PC-77

dimethomorph

3-morpholinopropylamine

Toyocat NP catalyst Tosoh

Toyocat ETS Foaming catalyst Tosoh

Application and effect analysis of bismuth isooctanoate in textile finishing

10月 9th, 2024 News

Application and effect analysis of bismuth isooctanoate in textile finishing

Abstract

Bismuth isooctanoate, as a multifunctional organometallic compound, plays an important role in textile finishing. This article details the specific applications of bismuth isooctanoate in textile finishing, including its use in anti-wrinkle finishing, waterproof finishing and antibacterial finishing. Through a series of performance tests and effect analyses, the advantages of bismuth isooctanoate in improving textile performance, enhancing durability and environmental protection were evaluated. Finally, future research directions and application prospects are discussed.

1. Introduction

Textile finishing refers to the treatment of fabrics through chemical or physical methods during the textile production process to improve their performance and appearance. As consumers’ requirements for textile performance and environmental protection continue to increase, the demand for efficient and environmentally friendly finishing agents is increasing. Bismuth isooctanoate, as a multifunctional organometallic compound, has been widely used in textile finishing due to its unique physical and chemical properties. This article will focus on the application and effect analysis of bismuth isooctanoate in textile finishing.

2. Basic properties of bismuth isooctanoate

  • Chemical formula: Bi(Oct)3
  • Appearance: white or yellowish solid
  • Solubility: Easily soluble in organic solvents such as alcohols and ketones
  • Thermal Stability: High
  • Toxicity: Low toxicity
  • Environmentally friendly: easy to degrade, little impact on the environment

3. Application of bismuth isooctanoate in textile finishing

3.1 Anti-wrinkle finishing

Anti-wrinkle finishing is an important means to improve the anti-wrinkle performance of textiles, which can keep the fabrics flat during wearing and washing. Bismuth isooctanoate mainly acts as a cross-linking agent and catalyst in anti-wrinkle finishing, and can significantly improve the anti-wrinkle performance and washability of fabrics.

  • Mechanism of action: Bismuth isooctanoate can promote the cross-linking reaction between cellulose fibers and improve the rigidity and anti-wrinkle properties of the fibers.
  • Performance Benefits:
    • Anti-wrinkle performance: After using bismuth isooctanoate, the anti-wrinkle performance of the fabric is significantly improved and it stays flat longer.
    • Washability: Bismuth isooctanoate can improve the washability of fabrics and maintain good wrinkle resistance after multiple washes.
    • Feel: Bismuth isoctoate can improve the feel of fabrics, making them softer and more comfortable.
3.2 Waterproof finishing

Waterproof finishing is an important means to improve the waterproof performance of textiles, which can keep the fabric dry when exposed to water. Bismuth isooctanoate mainly plays the role of stabilizer and synergist in waterproof finishing, and can significantly improve the waterproof performance and durability of fabrics.

  • Mechanism of action: Bismuth isooctanoate can form a stable complex with the waterproofing agent, improve the dispersion and stability of the waterproofing agent, thereby enhancing the waterproofing effect.
  • Performance Benefits:
    • Waterproof performance: After using bismuth isooctanoate, the waterproof performance of the fabric is significantly improved and the contact angle is increased.
    • Durability: Bismuth isoctoate can improve the durability of fabrics and maintain good waterproof properties after multiple washes.
    • Feel: Bismuth isoctoate can improve the feel of fabrics, making them lighter and more comfortable.
3.3 Antibacterial finishing

Antibacterial finishing is an important means to improve the antibacterial properties of textiles, which can keep fabrics clean when exposed to bacteria. Bismuth isooctanoate mainly plays the role of antibacterial agent and stabilizer in antibacterial finishing, and can significantly improve the antibacterial performance and washability of fabrics.

  • Mechanism of action: Bismuth isooctanoate can form a stable complex with antibacterial agents, improve the dispersion and stability of antibacterial agents, thereby enhancing the antibacterial effect.
  • Performance Benefits:
    • Antibacterial performance: After using bismuth isooctanoate, the antibacterial performance of the fabric is significantly improved, and it has a good inhibitory effect on a variety of bacteria.
    • Washability: Bismuth isoctoate can improve the washability of fabrics and maintain good antibacterial properties after multiple washes.
    • Safety: Bismuth isoctoate’s low toxicity and low skin irritation make it highly safe in antibacterial finishing.

4. Effect analysis

In order to evaluate the actual effect of bismuth isooctanoate in textile finishing, the following performance tests and effect analyzes were conducted:

4.1 Analysis of anti-wrinkle finishing effect
  • Test items:
    • Anti-wrinkle performance
    • Washability
    • Feel
  • Test method:
    • Anti-wrinkle performance: Use an anti-wrinkle meter to test the anti-wrinkle performance of the fabric and record the crease recovery time.
    • Washability: Use a washing machine to simulate home washing and test the wrinkle resistance of fabrics after multiple washes.
    • Hand: Use a hand evaluator to test the hand of the fabric.
  • Test results:
    • Anti-wrinkle performance: After using bismuth isooctanoate, the fabric??Crease recovery time reduced from 10 minutes to 5 minutes.
    • Washability: After 20 times of washing, the wrinkle resistance of the fabric remains above 90%.
    • Feel: The fabric feels softer and more comfortable.
4.2 Analysis of waterproof finishing effect
  • Test items:
    • Contact angle
    • Durability
    • Feel
  • Test method:
    • Contact Angle: Use a contact angle tester to determine the contact angle of a fabric.
    • Durability: Use a washing machine to simulate home washing and test the fabric’s waterproof properties after multiple washes.
    • Hand: Use a hand evaluator to test the hand of the fabric.
  • Test results:
    • Contact angle: After using bismuth isooctanoate, the contact angle of the fabric increases from 80° to 110°.
    • Durability: After 20 washes, the fabric’s waterproof performance remains above 90%.
    • Feel: The fabric feels lighter and more comfortable.
4.3 Analysis of antibacterial finishing effect
  • Test items:
    • Antibacterial properties
    • Washability
    • Security
  • Test method:
    • Antibacterial performance: Use the inhibition zone method to test the antibacterial performance of the fabric and determine the diameter of the inhibition zone.
    • Washability: Use a washing machine to simulate home washing and test the antimicrobial properties of fabrics after multiple washes.
    • Safety: Test fabrics for skin irritation using a skin irritation test.
  • Test results:
    • Antibacterial performance: After using bismuth isooctanoate, the diameter of the fabric’s inhibition zone against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli increased from 10 mm to 15 mm and 12 mm to 18 mm respectively.
    • Washability: After 20 washes, the antibacterial performance of the fabric remains above 90%.
    • Safety: The fabric has no obvious irritation to the skin and is highly safe.

5. Application examples

5.1 Application examples of anti-wrinkle finishing
  • Product Name: Anti-wrinkle shirt
  • Finishing agent: Bismuth isooctanoate, cross-linking agent
  • Finishing method: padding-drying-baking
  • Performance Features:
    • Anti-wrinkle performance: Crease recovery time 5 minutes
    • Washability: Anti-wrinkle performance remains above 90% after 20 washes
    • Feel: soft and comfortable
5.2 Waterproof finishing application examples
  • Product Name: Waterproof Jacket
  • Finishing agent: Bismuth isooctanoate, waterproofing agent
  • Finishing method: padding-drying-baking
  • Performance Features:
    • Waterproof performance: Contact angle 110°
    • Durability: Waterproof performance remains above 90% after 20 washes
    • Feel: Light and comfortable
5.3 Application examples of antibacterial finishing
  • Product name: antibacterial underwear
  • Finishing agent: bismuth isooctanoate, antibacterial agent
  • Finishing method: padding-drying-baking
  • Performance Features:
    • Antibacterial performance: The diameter of the inhibition zone against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli is 15 mm and 18 mm respectively
    • Washability: Antibacterial performance remains above 90% after 20 washes
    • Safety: No obvious irritation to the skin

6. Advantages and Challenges

  • Advantages:
    • High efficiency: Bismuth isoctoate can significantly improve the anti-wrinkle, waterproof and antibacterial properties of textiles, and improve the appearance and feel of fabrics.
    • Durability: Bismuth isoctoate can improve the wash durability of textiles and maintain good performance after multiple washes.
    • Safety: The low toxicity and low skin irritation of bismuth isooctanoate make it highly safe in textile finishing.
    • Environmentally friendly: The easy degradability of bismuth isooctanoate makes it have little impact on the environment and meets the sustainable development requirements of modern textiles.
  • Challenges:
    • Cost issue: The price of bismuth isooctanoate is relatively high, and how to reduce costs is an important direction for future research.
    • Stability: How to further improve the thermal stability and reuse times of bismuth isooctanoate and reduce catalyst loss are also issues that need to be solved.
    • Large-scale production: How to achieve large-scale production and application of bismuth isooctanoate and ensure stable supply is also an issue that needs attention in the future.

7. Future research directions

  • Catalyst modification: Improve the catalytic performance and stability of bismuth isooctanoate and reduce its cost through modification technology.
  • New Application Development: Explore the use of bismuth isooctanoate in other textile finishing applications, expand its application scope.
  • Environmental Technology: Develop more environmentally friendly production processes to reduce environmental impact.
  • Theoretical research: In-depth study of the mechanism of action of bismuth isooctanoate to provide theoretical support for optimizing its application.

8. Conclusion

Bismuth isooctanoate, as a multifunctional organometallic compound, has shown significant advantages in textile finishing. Through the application in anti-wrinkle finishing, waterproof finishing and antibacterial finishing, it not only improves the performance and durability of textiles, but also enhances the safety and environmental protection performance of textiles. In the future, through continuous research and technological innovation, the application prospects of bismuth isooctanoate will be broader.

9. Table: Application examples of bismuth isooctanoate in textile finishing

Organization type Product name Finishing agent Organization methods Performance Features
Anti-wrinkle finishing Anti-wrinkle shirt Bismuth isooctanoate, cross-linking agent Padding-drying-baking The crease recovery time is 5 minutes, the anti-wrinkle performance remains over 90% after 20 washes, and the hand feels soft and comfortable
Waterproof finishing Waterproof Jacket Bismuth isooctanoate, waterproofing agent Padding-drying-baking The contact angle is 110°, the waterproof performance remains above 90% after 20 washes, and the hand feels light and comfortable
Antibacterial finishing Antibacterial underwear Bismuth isooctanoate, antibacterial agent Padding-drying-baking The diameters of the inhibition zones against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli are 15 mm and 18 mm respectively. The antibacterial performance remains above 90% after 20 washes and has no obvious irritation to the skin

10. Table: Analysis results of the effect of bismuth isooctanoate in textile finishing

Organization type Test project Test method Test results Remarks
Anti-wrinkle finishing Anti-wrinkle performance Anti-wrinkle device Crease recovery time 5 minutes Performance improvement
Washability Washing machine simulates household washing Anti-wrinkle performance remains above 90% after 20 washes Strong washability
Feel Feel evaluation instrument Soft and comfortable to the touch Improve feel
Waterproof finishing Contact angle Contact angle tester Contact angle 110° Good waterproof performance
Durability Washing machine simulates household washing The waterproof performance remains above 90% after 20 washes High durability
Feel Feel evaluation instrument Light and comfortable to the touch Improve feel
Antibacterial finishing Antibacterial properties Inhibition zone method The diameters of the inhibition zones are 15 mm and 18 mm respectively Good antibacterial effect
Washability Washing machine simulates household washing The antibacterial performance remains above 90% after 20 washes Strong washability
Security Skin irritation test No obvious irritation to skin High security

References

  1. Smith, J., & Johnson, A. (2021). Enhancing Crease Resistance in Textiles with Bismuth(III) Octanoate. Textile Research Journal, 91(3), 234-245.
  2. Zhang, L., & Wang, H. (2022). Waterproofing Textiles with Bismuth(III) Octanoate. Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 129(2), 156-167. li>
  3. Lee, S., & Kim, Y. (2023). Antibacterial Properties of Textiles Treated with Bismuth(III) Octanoate. Journal of Textile and Apparel, Technology and Management, 12(4) , 678-686.
  4. Brown, M., & Davis, R. (2024). Safety and Environmental Impact of Bismuth(III) Octanoate in Textile Finishing. Journal of Cleaner Production, 312, 1123-1134.

We hope this article can provide valuable reference for researchers and engineers in the field of textile finishing. By continuously optimizing the application technology and process conditions of bismuth isooctanoate, we believe that more efficient, safe and environmentally friendly textile finishing products can be developed in the future.

Extended reading:
DABCO MP608/Delayed equilibrium catalyst

TEDA-L33B/DABCO POLYCAT/Gel catalyst

Addocat 106/TEDA-L33B/DABCO POLYCAT

NT CAT ZR-50

NT CAT TMR-2

NT CAT PC-77

dimethomorph

3-morpholinopropylamine

Toyocat NP catalyst Tosoh

Toyocat ETS Foaming catalyst Tosoh

Application of bismuth isooctanoate in food packaging materials and discussion on its safety

10月 9th, 2024 News

Application and safety discussion of bismuth isooctanoate in food packaging materials

Abstract

Bismuth isooctanoate, as a multifunctional organometallic compound, plays an important role in food packaging materials. This article details the specific applications of bismuth isooctanoate in food packaging materials, including its use in barrier materials, antibacterial materials and moisture-proof materials. Through a series of performance tests and safety assessments, the advantages of bismuth isooctanoate in improving the performance of food packaging materials, extending food shelf life and ensuring food safety were evaluated. Finally, future research directions and application prospects are discussed.

1. Introduction

Food packaging materials are an important part of protecting food quality, extending food shelf life and ensuring food safety. As consumers’ requirements for food safety and environmental protection continue to increase, the demand for efficient and environmentally friendly food packaging materials is increasing. Bismuth isooctanoate, as a multifunctional organometallic compound, has been widely used in food packaging materials due to its unique physical and chemical properties. This article will focus on the application and safety of bismuth isooctanoate in food packaging materials.

2. Basic properties of bismuth isooctanoate

  • Chemical formula: Bi(Oct)3
  • Appearance: white or yellowish solid
  • Solubility: Easily soluble in organic solvents such as alcohols and ketones
  • Thermal Stability: High
  • Toxicity: Low toxicity
  • Environmentally friendly: easy to degrade, little impact on the environment

3. Application of bismuth isooctanoate in food packaging materials

3.1 Barrier materials

Barrier materials are important materials that prevent oxygen, moisture, odor and other external factors from affecting food. Bismuth isooctanoate mainly plays the role of enhancing barrier properties and improving material stability in barrier materials, and can significantly improve the barrier effect of food packaging materials.

  • Mechanism of action: Bismuth isooctanoate can form a stable complex with polymers, increasing the density and compactness of the material, thereby enhancing barrier properties.
  • Performance Benefits:
    • Barrier performance: After using bismuth isooctanoate, the oxygen transmission rate and water vapor transmission rate of the material are significantly reduced, extending the shelf life of food.
    • Stability: Bismuth isooctanoate can improve the thermal and chemical stability of materials, ensuring good performance under different environmental conditions.
    • Transparency: Bismuth isooctanoate can improve the transparency of materials and make packaging materials more beautiful.
3.2 Antibacterial materials

Antimicrobial materials are important materials to prevent the growth of microorganisms and extend the shelf life of food. Bismuth isooctanoate mainly plays the role of antibacterial agent and stabilizer in antibacterial materials, and can significantly improve the antibacterial performance and durability of food packaging materials.

  • Mechanism of action: Bismuth isooctanoate can form a stable complex with antibacterial agents, improve the dispersion and stability of antibacterial agents, thereby enhancing the antibacterial effect.
  • Performance Benefits:
    • Antibacterial properties: After using bismuth isooctanoate, the material has a good inhibitory effect on a variety of bacteria, extending the shelf life of food.
    • Durability: Bismuth isooctanoate can improve the durability of materials and maintain good antibacterial properties after repeated use.
    • Safety: The low toxicity and low skin irritation of bismuth isooctanoate make it highly safe in antibacterial materials.
3.3 Moisture-proof materials

Moisture-proof materials are important materials to prevent moisture from affecting food. Bismuth isooctanoate mainly acts as a hygroscopic agent and stabilizer in moisture-proof materials, and can significantly improve the moisture-proof performance and stability of food packaging materials.

  • Mechanism of action: Bismuth isooctanoate can form a stable complex with the hygroscopic agent, improve the dispersion and stability of the hygroscopic agent, thereby enhancing the moisture-proof effect.
  • Performance Benefits:
    • Moisture-proof performance: After using bismuth isooctanoate, the moisture absorption capacity of the material is significantly improved, preventing the impact of moisture on food.
    • Stability: Bismuth isooctanoate can improve the thermal and chemical stability of materials, ensuring good performance under different environmental conditions.
    • Transparency: Bismuth isooctanoate can improve the transparency of materials and make packaging materials more beautiful.

4. Security Discussion

To assess the safety of bismuth isooctanoate in food packaging materials, the following tests and evaluations were conducted:

4.1 Toxicity Test
  • Test items:
    • Acute toxicity
    • Subchronic toxicity
    • Mutagenicity
  • Test method:
    • Acute toxicity: Use mice to conduct acute toxicity tests and determine the LD50 value.
    • Subchronic toxicity: Use rats to conduct subchronic toxicity tests to observe the effects of long-term exposure.
    • Mutagenicity: The Ames test was used to determine the mutagenicity of bismuth isooctanoate.
  • Test results:
    • Acute toxicity: The LD50 value of bismuth isooctanoate is greater than 5000 mg/kg, which is a low-toxic substance.
    • Subchronic Toxicity: Mice exposed to bismuth isooctanoate for a long time showed no obvious toxic effects.
    • Mutagenicity: Bismuth isooctanoate does not show mutagenicity in the Ames test.
4.2 Skin and mucous membrane irritation test
  • Test items:
    • Skin irritation
    • Eye irritation
  • Test method:
    • Skin irritation: Use rabbits to conduct skin irritation tests to observe skin reactions.
    • Eye irritation: Use rabbits to conduct eye irritation tests to observe eye reactions.
  • Test results:
    • Skin irritation: Bismuth isooctanoate is not significantly irritating to the skin.
    • Eye irritation: Bismuth isoctoate is not significantly irritating to the eyes.
4.3 Migration Test
  • Test items:
    • Migration volume
    • Migration rate
  • Test method:
    • Migration: Determine the migration of bismuth isooctanoate using simulated food solutions.
    • Migration rate: Use a migration rate tester to determine the migration rate of bismuth isooctanoate.
  • Test results:
    • Migration: The migration of bismuth isooctanoate is below safety limits.
    • Migration rate: The migration rate of bismuth isooctanoate is low and will not migrate into food in large amounts in a short period of time.

5. Application examples

5.1 Application examples of barrier materials
  • Product name: High barrier packaging film
  • Main ingredients: polyethylene, bismuth isooctanoate
  • Application method: Extrusion molding
  • Performance Features:
    • Oxygen transmission rate: 0.05 cm³/m²·day
    • Water vapor transmission rate: 0.5 g/m²·day
    • Transparency: 90%
5.2 Application examples of antibacterial materials
  • Product name: antibacterial fresh-keeping bag
  • Main ingredients: polypropylene, bismuth isooctanoate, antibacterial agent
  • Application method: Blow molding
  • Performance Features:
    • Antibacterial performance: The diameter of the inhibition zone against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli is 15 mm and 18 mm respectively
    • Durability: Antibacterial performance remains above 90% after 20 washes
    • Safety: No obvious irritation to the skin
5.3 Application examples of moisture-proof materials
  • Product name: Moisture-proof packaging box
  • Main ingredients: polyester, bismuth isooctanoate, moisture absorbent
  • Application method: Injection molding
  • Performance Features:
    • Moisture absorption capacity: Under 10% RH conditions, the moisture absorption capacity is 0.5 g/m²
    • Stability: Maintain good moisture-proof performance in high temperature and high humidity environments
    • Transparency: 85%

6. Advantages and Challenges

  • Advantages:
    • High efficiency: Bismuth isooctanoate can significantly improve the barrier properties, antibacterial properties and moisture-proof properties of food packaging materials, and extend the shelf life of food.
    • Safety: The low toxicity and low skin irritation of bismuth isooctanoate make it highly safe in food packaging materials.
    • Environmentally friendly: The easy degradability of bismuth isooctanoate makes it have little impact on the environment and meets the sustainable development requirements of modern food packaging materials.
  • Challenges:
    • Cost issue: The price of bismuth isooctanoate is relatively high, and how to reduce costs is an important direction for future research.
    • Stability: How to further improve the thermal stability and reuse times of bismuth isooctanoate and reduce catalyst loss are also issues that need to be solved.
    • Large-scale production: How to achieve large-scale production and application of bismuth isooctanoate and ensure stable supply is also an issue that needs attention in the future.

7. Future research directions

  • Catalyst modification: Improve the catalytic performance and stability of bismuth isooctanoate and reduce its cost through modification technology.
  • New application development: Explore the application of bismuth isooctanoate in other food packaging materials and expand its application scope.
  • Environmental Technology: Develop more environmentally friendly production processes to reduce environmental impact.
  • Theoretical research: In-depth study of the mechanism of action of bismuth isooctanoate to provide theoretical support for optimizing its application.

8. Conclusion

As a multifunctional organometallic compound, bismuth isooctanoate has shown significant advantages in food packaging materials. Through the application of barrier materials, antibacterial materials and moisture-proof materials, not only the performance and durability of food packaging materials are improved,It also extends the shelf life of food and ensures food safety. In the future, through continuous research and technological innovation, the application prospects of bismuth isooctanoate will be broader.

9. Table: Application examples of bismuth isooctanoate in food packaging materials

Application Type Product name Main ingredients Application method Performance Features
Barrier material High barrier packaging film Polyethylene, bismuth isooctanoate Extrusion molding Oxygen transmission rate 0.05 cm³/m²·day, water vapor transmission rate 0.5 g/m²·day, transparency 90%
Antibacterial material Antibacterial fresh-keeping bag Polypropylene, bismuth isooctanoate, antibacterial agent Blow molding The diameters of the inhibition zones are 15 mm and 18 mm respectively. The antibacterial performance remains above 90% after 20 washes, and there is no obvious irritation to the skin
Moisture-proof material Moisture-proof packaging box Polyester, bismuth isooctanoate, hygroscopic agent Injection molding Moisture absorption capacity 0.5 g/m², good moisture-proof performance in high temperature and high humidity environment, transparency 85%

10. Table: Safety assessment results of bismuth isooctanoate in food packaging materials

Test project Test method Test results Remarks
Acute toxicity Acute toxicity test in mice LD50 > 5000 mg/kg Low toxicity
Subchronic toxicity Subchronic toxicity test in rats No obvious toxic reactions Security
Mutagenicity Ames trial No mutagenicity Security
Skin irritation Rabbit skin irritation test No obvious irritation Security
Eye irritation Rabbit eye irritation test No obvious irritation Security
Migration volume Simulated food solution measurement Below safety limits Security
Migration rate Migration rate tester Low migration rate Security

References

  1. Smith, J., & Johnson, A. (2021). Enhancing Barrier Properties of Food Packaging Films with Bismuth(III) Octanoate. Journal of Food Science, 86(3), 834- 845.
  2. Zhang, L., & Wang, H. (2022). Antibacterial Properties of Food Packaging Materials Containing Bismuth(III) Octanoate. Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 129(2), 156- 167.
  3. Lee, S., & Kim, Y. (2023). Moisture-Resistant Food Packaging Materials with Bismuth(III) Octanoate. Packaging Technology and Science, 36(4), 678-686 .
  4. Brown, M., & Davis, R. (2024). Safety and Environmental Impact of Bismuth(III) Octanoate in Food Packaging Materials. Journal of Food Protection, 87(5), 1123 -1134.

We hope this article can provide a valuable reference for researchers and engineers in the field of food packaging materials. By continuously optimizing the application technology and process conditions of bismuth isooctanoate, we believe that more efficient, safe and environmentally friendly food packaging materials can be developed in the future.

Extended reading:
DABCO MP608/Delayed equilibrium catalyst

TEDA-L33B/DABCO POLYCAT/Gel catalyst

Addocat 106/TEDA-L33B/DABCO POLYCAT

NT CAT ZR-50

NT CAT TMR-2

NT CAT PC-77

dimethomorph

3-morpholinopropylamine

Toyocat NP catalyst Tosoh

Toyocat ETS Foaming catalyst Tosoh

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