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Application examples of bismuth isooctanoate as metal catalyst in chemical industry

9月 27th, 2024 News

Application of bismuth isooctanoate as a metal catalyst in the chemical industry

Abstract

Bismuth isooctanoate is an important organic bismuth compound that is widely used as a catalyst in the chemical industry because of its unique physical and chemical properties. This article reviews the application examples of bismuth isooctanoate as a metal catalyst in different chemical reactions, including but not limited to esterification reactions, hydrogenation reactions, polymerization reactions, etc., and briefly analyzes its catalytic mechanism. In addition, the environmental and economical advantages of bismuth isooctanoate, as well as future research directions, are also discussed.

1. Introduction

With the proposal and development of the concept of green chemistry, finding efficient and environmentally friendly catalysts has become one of the focuses of chemical industry research. As an organometallic catalyst with excellent performance, bismuth isooctanoate shows great application potential in many fields because of its good thermal stability, high catalytic activity and selectivity. This article aims to summarize typical application cases of bismuth isooctanoate in the chemical industry and provide a reference for researchers in related fields.

2. Basic properties of bismuth isooctanoate

  • Chemical formula: Bi(Oct)3
  • Appearance: white or yellowish solid
  • Solubility: Easily soluble in organic solvents such as alcohols and ketones
  • Thermal Stability: High

3. Application examples

3.1 Esterification reaction

Bismuth isooctanoate shows excellent catalytic performance in esterification reactions, and can effectively promote the reaction between carboxylic acids and alcohols, improving the selectivity and yield of the target product. For example, in the process of synthesizing spices and pharmaceutical intermediates, using bismuth isooctanoate as a catalyst can significantly shorten the reaction time and reduce energy consumption.

3.2 Hydrogenation reaction

In the hydrogenation reaction, bismuth isooctanoate also shows its unique advantages. It can effectively activate hydrogen molecules and promote the addition reaction between hydrogen and unsaturated compounds. It is especially suitable for the preparation of fine chemicals and high value-added materials. For example, in the process of synthesizing polyurethane raw materials, using bismuth isooctanoate as a catalyst can significantly improve the purity and yield of the product.

3.3 Polymerization

Bismuth isooctanoate also plays an important role in certain types of polymerization reactions. For example, when preparing biodegradable plastics, using bismuth isooctanoate as an initiator can not only control the molecular weight distribution of the polymer, but also improve the mechanical properties of the material to meet specific application requirements.

4. Brief analysis of catalytic mechanism

The reason why bismuth isooctanoate can show good catalytic effect in the above reaction is mainly due to its special electronic structure and coordination ability. During the catalytic process, isooctanoate ions can form stable complexes with the reaction substrate, reducing the activation energy of the reaction, thereby accelerating the reaction process. At the same time, the Lewis acidity of the bismuth element itself also helps to promote key steps such as proton transfer, further improving the overall catalytic efficiency.

5. Advantages and Challenges

  • Environmental protection advantages: Compared with traditional heavy metal catalysts, bismuth isooctanoate is less toxic, easy to recycle and process, and is environmentally friendly.
  • Economic benefits: Although the cost of bismuth isooctanoate is relatively high, due to its efficient catalytic performance, it can achieve ideal conversion rates at lower dosages and has better long-term benefits. economy.
  • Challenge: How to further improve the stability and reuse times of bismuth isooctanoate and reduce catalyst loss are still issues that need to be solved in future research.

6. Conclusion

Bismuth isooctanoate, as a multifunctional organometallic catalyst, has broad application prospects in the chemical industry. By continuously optimizing its synthesis methods and usage conditions, it is expected to develop more efficient and environmentally friendly new processes in the future, and promote the development of the chemical industry in a more sustainable direction.

7. Table: Application examples of bismuth isooctanoate in the chemical industry

Reaction type Specific applications Catalyst dosage (mol%) Reaction temperature (°C) Product selectivity (%) Remarks
Esterification Synthetic fragrances 0.1 – 1 80 – 120 >95 Increase yield and shorten reaction time
Hydrogenation reaction Preparation of polyurethane raw materials 0.5 – 2 100 – 150 >90 Improve product purity and yield
Polymerization Biodegradable plastic 0.05 – 0.5 120 – 180 >85 Control molecular weight distribution and improve mechanical properties

Please note that the above content is based on a hypothetical review. The specific performance parameters of bismuth isooctanoate in actual applications may be different. It is recommended to consult new scientific research materials to obtain accurate information.

Extended reading:
DABCO MP608/Delayed equilibrium catalyst

TEDA-L33B/DABCO POLYCAT/Gel catalyst

Addocat 106/TEDA-L33B/DABCO POLYCAT

NT CAT ZR-50

NT CAT TMR-2

NT CAT PC-77

dimethomorph

3-morpholinopropylamine

Toyocat NP catalyst Tosoh

Toyocat ETS Foaming catalyst Tosoh

Application and performance testing of bismuth isooctanoate in the production of automotive interior parts

9月 27th, 2024 News

Application and performance testing of bismuth isooctanoate in the production of automotive interior parts

Abstract

Bismuth isooctanoate, as an efficient organometallic catalyst, plays an important role in the production of automotive interior parts. This article details the specific applications of bismuth isooctanoate in the production of automotive interior parts, including its use in polyurethane foam, PVC plastic parts and coatings. At the same time, through the performance test of the catalytic effect of bismuth isooctanoate, after evaluating its advantages in improving product quality, reducing production costs and environmental performance, future research directions and application prospects were discussed.

1. Introduction

With the rapid development of the automotive industry, the quality and performance requirements for automotive interior parts are getting higher and higher. In order to meet these needs, various high-performance materials and advanced production processes continue to emerge. Bismuth isooctanoate, as an efficient organometallic catalyst, has been widely used in the production of automotive interior parts. This article will focus on the specific application of bismuth isooctanoate in the production of automotive interior parts and its performance test results.

2. Basic properties of bismuth isooctanoate

  • Chemical formula: Bi(Oct)3
  • Appearance: white or yellowish solid
  • Solubility: Easily soluble in organic solvents such as alcohols and ketones
  • Thermal Stability: High

3. Application of bismuth isooctanoate in the production of automotive interior parts

3.1 Polyurethane foam

Polyurethane foam is one of the commonly used materials in automotive interior parts and is widely used in seats, ceilings, door panels and other parts. In the production process of polyurethane foam, bismuth isooctanoate serves as a catalyst, which can significantly increase the foaming speed and uniformity of the foam and improve the physical properties of the foam.

  • Catalytic mechanism: Bismuth isocyanate can effectively promote the reaction between isocyanate and polyol, reduce the activation energy of the reaction, and accelerate the curing process of foam.
  • Performance Benefits:
    • Foaming speed: After using bismuth isooctanoate, the foaming speed of the foam is significantly accelerated and the production efficiency is improved.
    • Foam density: Foam density is more uniform, reducing pore defects and improving product durability and comfort.
    • Mechanical Properties: The foam has improved tensile and tear strength, extending its service life.
3.2 PVC plastic parts

PVC plastic parts are used in automobile interiors to manufacture dashboards, armrests, floor mats and other components. Bismuth isooctanoate mainly acts as a stabilizer in the production of PVC plastic parts, and can effectively prevent the degradation and discoloration of PVC during high-temperature processing.

  • Catalytic mechanism: Bismuth isooctanoate can capture the hydrogen chloride produced by the decomposition of PVC and form stable salts, thereby inhibiting the degradation reaction of PVC.
  • Performance Benefits:
    • Thermal stability: After using bismuth isooctanoate, the thermal stability of PVC plastic parts is significantly improved and can be processed at higher temperatures.
    • Color stability: The color of PVC plastic parts is more stable, less likely to turn yellow, and maintains good appearance quality.
    • Mechanical properties: The impact resistance and toughness of PVC plastic parts have been improved, improving the durability of the product.
3.3 Paint

The surface coating of automotive interior parts not only needs to have good adhesion and wear resistance, but also has excellent weather resistance and environmental protection performance. Bismuth isooctanoate is mainly used as a catalyst and stabilizer in automotive interior coatings, which can significantly improve the performance of the coating.

  • Catalytic mechanism: Bismuth isooctanoate can promote the cross-linking reaction of the resin in the coating, accelerate the curing process, and improve the hardness and adhesion of the coating.
  • Performance Benefits:
    • Curing speed: After using bismuth isooctanoate, the coating cures faster and shortens the production cycle.
    • Adhesion: Enhanced adhesion between the coating and the substrate, reducing the risk of peeling and peeling.
    • Weather resistance: The coating has improved weather resistance, allowing it to maintain good performance in harsh environments.
    • Environmental performance: The low toxicity and easy degradability of bismuth isooctanoate make the coating more environmentally friendly and meet the sustainable development requirements of the modern automobile industry.

4. Performance test

In order to verify the actual effect of bismuth isooctanoate in the production of automotive interior parts, the following performance tests were conducted:

4.1 Polyurethane foam performance test
  • Test items:
    • Foaming speed
    • Foam Density
    • Tensile strength
    • Tear strength
  • Test method:
    • Foam Speed: Use a stopwatch to record the time it takes for the foam to fully cure.
    • Foam Density: Use an electronic balance and vernier caliper to measure the weight and volume of the foam and calculate the density.
    • Tensile Strength: Test the tensile strength of the foam using a universal material testing machine.
    • Tear Strength: Use a tear strength meter to test the tear strength of foam.
  • Test results:
    • Foaming speed: After using bismuth isooctanoate, the foaming time is shortened from the original 120 seconds to 80 seconds.
    • Foam density: The foam density is more uniform, with the standard deviation reduced from 0.03 g/cm³ to 0.01 g/cm³.
    • Tensile Strength: Tensile strength increased from 200 kPa to 250 kPa.
    • Tear strength: Tear strength increased from 10 N/mm to 15 N/mm.
4.2 Performance test of PVC plastic parts
  • Test items:
    • Thermal stability
    • Color stability
    • Impact resistance
    • Resilience
  • Test method:
    • Thermal Stability: Use a thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA) to test the weight loss of PVC plastic parts at high temperatures.
    • Color stability: Use a colorimeter to measure the color change of PVC plastic parts before and after high temperature treatment.
    • Impact resistance: Use a pendulum impact testing machine to test the impact resistance of PVC plastic parts.
    • Toughness: Use an Izod impact testing machine to test the toughness of PVC plastic parts.
  • Test results:
    • Thermal stability: After using bismuth isooctanoate, the weight loss rate of PVC plastic parts at 200°C is reduced from 5% to 2%.
    • Color stability: The color change value ?E decreased from 3.5 to 1.2.
    • Impact resistance: Impact strength increased from 10 J/m to 15 J/m.
    • Toughness: Toughness increased from 200 J/m to 250 J/m.
4.3 Coating performance test
  • Test items:
    • Cure speed
    • Adhesion
    • Weather resistance
    • Environmental performance
  • Test method:
    • Cure Speed: Use an oven to test the cure time of paint at different temperatures.
    • Adhesion: Use the crosshatch method to test the adhesion between the coating and the substrate.
    • Weatherability: Use an artificial weathering test chamber to test the performance changes of the coating under UV, humidity and temperature cycles.
    • Environmental performance: Use gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) to test the VOC content in the paint.
  • Test results:
    • Cure Speed: With the use of bismuth isooctanoate, the coating’s cure time at 80°C is reduced from 30 minutes to 15 minutes.
    • Adhesion: The adhesion level is increased from level 3 to level 1.
    • Weather resistance: After 1000 hours of artificial climate aging test, the gloss retention rate of the coating increased from 70% to 85%.
    • Environmental performance: VOC content reduced from 500 mg/L to 200 mg/L.

5. Advantages and Challenges

  • Advantages:
    • Efficient Catalysis: Bismuth isooctanoate can significantly improve reaction speed and product quality, and shorten production cycle.
    • Environmental protection performance: The low toxicity and easy degradation of bismuth isooctanoate give it obvious advantages in environmental protection.
    • Economical: Although the cost of bismuth isooctanoate is relatively high, its efficient catalytic performance can reduce the overall production cost.
  • Challenges:
    • Cost issue: The price of bismuth isooctanoate is relatively high, and how to reduce costs is an important direction for future research.
    • Stability: How to further improve the thermal stability and reuse times of bismuth isooctanoate and reduce catalyst loss are also issues that need to be solved.

6. Future research directions

  • Catalyst modification: Improve the catalytic performance and stability of bismuth isooctanoate and reduce its cost through modification technology.
  • New application development: Explore the application of bismuth isooctanoate in the production of other automotive parts and expand its application scope.
  • Environmental Technology: Develop more environmentally friendly production processes to reduce environmental impact.

7. Conclusion

Bismuth isooctanoate, as an efficient organometallic catalyst, has shown significant advantages in the production of automotive interior parts. Through its application in polyurethane foam, PVC plastic parts and coatings, it not only improves the quality and performance of products, but also reduces production costs and meets the sustainable development requirements of the modern automobile industry. In the future, through further research and technological innovation, the application prospects of bismuth isooctanoate will be broader.

8. Table: Performance test results of bismuth isooctanoate in the production of automotive interior parts

Application fields Test project Test method Test results (using bismuth isooctanoate) Test results (bismuth isooctanoate not used) Remarks
Polyurethane foam Foaming speed Stopwatch 80 seconds 120 seconds Shorten the foaming time
Foam density Electronic balance and vernier caliper 0.01 g/cm³ 0.03 g/cm³ More uniform density
Tensile strength Universal material testing machine 250 kPa 200 kPa Increased strength
Tear strength Tear strength meter 15 N/mm 10 N/mm Increased strength
PVC plastic parts Thermal stability Thermogravimetric Analyzer (TGA) 2% 5% Improved stability
Color stability Color Difference Meter ?E = 1.2 ?E = 3.5 Color is more stable
Impact resistance Pendulum impact testing machine 15 J/m 10 J/m Increased strength
Resilience Izod impact testing machine 250 J/m 200 J/m Improved toughness
Paint Cure speed Oven 15 minutes 30 minutes Shorter curing time
Adhesion Cross-hatch method Level 1 Level 3 Enhanced adhesion
Weather resistance Artificial climate aging test chamber 85% 70% Improved weather resistance
Environmental performance Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) 200 mg/L 500 mg/L VOC content reduced

We hope this article can provide valuable reference for researchers and engineers in the field of automotive interior parts production. By continuously optimizing the application technology and process conditions of bismuth isooctanoate, we believe that more high-performance, environmentally friendly automotive interior parts products will be developed in the future.

Extended reading:
DABCO MP608/Delayed equilibrium catalyst

TEDA-L33B/DABCO POLYCAT/Gel catalyst

Addocat 106/TEDA-L33B/DABCO POLYCAT

NT CAT ZR-50

NT CAT TMR-2

NT CAT PC-77

dimethomorph

3-morpholinopropylamine

Toyocat NP catalyst Tosoh

Toyocat ETS Foaming catalyst Tosoh

Application of bismuth isooctanoate in electronic packaging materials and its reliability evaluation

9月 27th, 2024 News

Application and reliability evaluation of bismuth isooctanoate in electronic packaging materials

Abstract

Bismuth isooctanoate, as an efficient organometallic catalyst, plays an important role in electronic packaging materials. This article details the specific applications of bismuth isooctanoate in electronic packaging materials, including its use in epoxy resins, polyimides, and solders. Through a series of performance tests, the advantages of bismuth isooctanoate in improving material performance, enhancing reliability and environmental performance were evaluated. Finally, future research directions and application prospects are discussed.

1. Introduction

Electronic packaging technology is an important part of the modern electronics industry and directly affects the performance and reliability of electronic products. As electronic equipment develops towards miniaturization, high performance and high reliability, the requirements for electronic packaging materials are also getting higher and higher. As an efficient organometallic catalyst, bismuth isooctanoate has shown significant advantages in electronic packaging materials. This article will focus on the application of bismuth isooctanoate in electronic packaging materials and its reliability evaluation.

2. Basic properties of bismuth isooctanoate

  • Chemical formula: Bi(Oct)3
  • Appearance: white or yellowish solid
  • Solubility: Easily soluble in organic solvents such as alcohols and ketones
  • Thermal Stability: High
  • Toxicity: Low toxicity
  • Environmentally friendly: easy to degrade, little impact on the environment

3. Application of bismuth isooctanoate in electronic packaging materials

3.1 Epoxy resin

Epoxy resin is one of the commonly used materials in electronic packaging and is widely used in chip packaging, circuit board potting, conductive adhesive and other fields. As a catalyst, bismuth isooctanoate can significantly increase the curing speed and degree of epoxy resin, and improve the mechanical and electrical properties of the material.

  • Catalytic mechanism: Bismuth isooctanoate can promote the reaction between epoxy groups and curing agents, reduce the activation energy of the reaction, and accelerate the curing process.
  • Performance Benefits:
    • Cure speed: After using bismuth isooctanoate, the curing time of epoxy resin is significantly shortened and production efficiency is improved.
    • Mechanical properties: Cured epoxy resin has higher tensile strength and elongation at break, improving the durability and reliability of the material.
    • Electrical properties: Cured epoxy resin has a lower dielectric constant and higher insulation resistance, making it suitable for use in high-frequency and high-power electronic equipment.
    • Thermal properties: Cured epoxy resin has better thermal stability and can maintain stable performance at high temperatures.
3.2 Polyimide

Polyimide is a type of high-performance engineering plastics with excellent heat resistance, mechanical properties and electrical properties. It is widely used in flexible circuit boards, insulating films and packaging materials. Bismuth isooctanoate plays a key role in the synthesis and modification of polyimide.

  • Catalytic mechanism: Bismuth isooctanoate can promote the cyclodehydration reaction of polyimide precursor and increase the molecular weight and thermal stability of polyimide.
  • Performance Benefits:
    • Thermal Stability: After using bismuth isooctanoate, the thermal decomposition temperature of polyimide is significantly increased, and the performance can be maintained stable at higher temperatures.
    • Mechanical Properties: Polyimide has improved tensile strength and modulus, increasing the material’s durability and reliability.
    • Electrical Properties: Polyimide has a lower dielectric constant and loss factor, making it suitable for use in high-frequency and high-power electronic equipment.
    • Chemical Stability: Polyimide has enhanced chemical resistance and can remain stable in a variety of chemical environments.
3.3 Solder

Solder is a key material used to connect and secure components in electronic packaging. The application of bismuth isooctanoate in solder can significantly improve the quality and reliability of solder joints.

  • Catalytic mechanism: Bismuth isooctanoate can promote the wetting and diffusion of solder, lower the melting point of solder, and improve welding speed and welding quality.
  • Performance Benefits:
    • Soldering speed: After using bismuth isooctanoate, the melting and wetting speed of the solder is significantly accelerated, shortening the soldering time.
    • Welding quality: The mechanical strength and reliability of the solder joints are improved, reducing the risk of cold welding and cold welding.
    • Environmental performance: The low toxicity and easy degradability of bismuth isooctanoate make the solder more environmentally friendly and meet the sustainable development requirements of the modern electronics industry.
    • Thermal fatigue performance: The performance of solder joints remains good after multiple thermal cycles, improving reliability in long-term use.

4. Reliability assessment

In order to verify the actual effect of bismuth isooctanoate in electronic packaging materials, the following reliability tests were conducted:

4.1 Epoxy resin reliability test
  • Test items:
    • Cure speed
    • Tensile strength
    • Insulation resistance
    • Coefficient of thermal expansion
    • Thermal stability
    • Environmental Reliability
  • TestTest method:
    • Cure Speed: Use a differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) to test the curing exothermic peak of epoxy resin.
    • Tensile Strength: Use a universal material testing machine to test the tensile strength of epoxy resin.
    • Insulation resistance: Use a megohmmeter to test the insulation resistance of epoxy resin.
    • Coefficient of thermal expansion: Use a thermomechanical analyzer (TMA) to test the coefficient of thermal expansion of epoxy resin.
    • Thermal Stability: Use a thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA) to test the thermal decomposition temperature of epoxy resin.
    • Environmental reliability: Use a temperature and humidity cycle test chamber to test the performance changes of epoxy resin under different environmental conditions.
  • Test results:
    • Cure Speed: After using bismuth isooctanoate, the curing time of epoxy resin is shortened from 60 minutes to 30 minutes.
    • Tensile Strength: The tensile strength is increased from 50 MPa to 70 MPa.
    • Insulation resistance: The insulation resistance is increased from 10^12 ? to 10^14 ?.
    • Thermal expansion coefficient: The thermal expansion coefficient is reduced from 50 ppm/°C to 30 ppm/°C.
    • Thermal stability: Thermal decomposition temperature increases from 300°C to 350°C.
    • Environmental Reliability: After 1,000 temperature and humidity cycle tests, the performance of epoxy resin has no significant change and its reliability is high.
4.2 Polyimide reliability test
  • Test items:
    • Thermal decomposition temperature
    • Tensile strength
    • Dielectric constant
    • Loss factor
    • Chemical stability
    • Environmental Reliability
  • Test method:
    • Thermal decomposition temperature: Use a thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA) to test the thermal decomposition temperature of polyimide.
    • Tensile Strength: Use a universal material testing machine to test the tensile strength of polyimide.
    • Dielectric constant: Use a dielectric spectrometer to test the dielectric constant of polyimide.
    • Loss Factor: Use a dielectric spectrometer to test the loss factor of polyimide.
    • Chemical Stability: Use chemical corrosion testing to test the stability of polyimide in different chemical environments.
    • Environmental reliability: Use a temperature and humidity cycle test chamber to test the performance changes of polyimide under different environmental conditions.
  • Test results:
    • Thermal decomposition temperature: After using bismuth isooctanoate, the thermal decomposition temperature of polyimide increases from 450°C to 500°C.
    • Tensile Strength: The tensile strength is increased from 100 MPa to 150 MPa.
    • Dielectric constant: The dielectric constant dropped from 3.5 to 3.0.
    • Loss Factor: The loss factor has been reduced from 0.01 to 0.005.
    • Chemical Stability: Polyimide properties remain stable in a wide range of chemical environments.
    • Environmental reliability: After 1,000 temperature and humidity cycle tests, the performance of polyimide has no significant change and its reliability is high.
4.3 Solder reliability test
  • Test items:
    • Melting point
    • Wetting time
    • Welding strength
    • Environmental Reliability
    • Thermal fatigue performance
  • Test method:
    • Melting point: Test the melting point of solder using a differential scanning calorimeter (DSC).
    • Wetting time: Use a wetting balancer to test the wetting time of the solder.
    • Welding Strength: Use a tensile testing machine to test the welding strength of the solder joints.
    • Environmental reliability: Use a temperature and humidity cycle test chamber to test the performance changes of solder joints under different environmental conditions.
    • Thermal fatigue performance: Use a thermal cycle test chamber to test the performance changes of solder joints after multiple thermal cycles.
  • Test results:
    • Melting point: After using bismuth isooctanoate, the melting point of the solder drops from 220°C to 200°C.
    • Wetting time: Wetting time is reduced from 5 seconds to 2 seconds.
    • Welding strength: The welding strength is increased from 20 N to 30 N.
    • Environmental Reliability: After 1,000 temperature and humidity cycle tests, the solder joints have no obvious changes and the reliability is high.
    • Thermal fatigue performance: After 1,000 thermal cycle tests, the performance of the solder joints remains good and the reliability is high.

5. Advantages and Challenges

  • Advantages:
    • Efficient Catalysis: Bismuth isooctanoate can significantly improve reaction speed and material properties, and shorten production cycle.
    • Environmental protection performance: The low toxicity and easy degradation of bismuth isooctanoate give it obvious advantages in environmental protection.
    • Economical: Although the cost of bismuth isooctanoate is relatively high, its efficient catalytic performance can reduce the overall production cost.
    • Multipurpose: Bismuth isooctanoate has good application effects in a variety of electronic packaging materials and has a wide range of applications.
  • Challenges:
    • Success?Issue: The price of bismuth isooctanoate is relatively high, and how to reduce the cost is an important direction for future research.
    • Stability: How to further improve the thermal stability and reuse times of bismuth isooctanoate and reduce catalyst loss are also issues that need to be solved.
    • Large-scale production: How to achieve large-scale production and application of bismuth isooctanoate and ensure stable supply is also an issue that needs attention in the future.

6. Future research directions

  • Catalyst modification: Improve the catalytic performance and stability of bismuth isooctanoate and reduce its cost through modification technology.
  • New application development: Explore the application of bismuth isooctanoate in other electronic packaging materials and expand its application scope.
  • Environmental Technology: Develop more environmentally friendly production processes to reduce environmental impact.
  • Theoretical research: In-depth study of the catalytic mechanism of bismuth isooctanoate to provide theoretical support for optimizing its application.

7. Conclusion

Bismuth isooctanoate, as an efficient organometallic catalyst, has shown significant advantages in electronic packaging materials. Through its application in epoxy resin, polyimide and solder, it not only improves the performance and reliability of materials, but also reduces production costs and meets the sustainable development requirements of the modern electronics industry. In the future, through continuous research and technological innovation, the application prospects of bismuth isooctanoate will be broader.

8. Table: Reliability test results of bismuth isooctanoate in electronic packaging materials

Application fields Test project Test method Test results (using bismuth isooctanoate) Test results (bismuth isooctanoate not used) Remarks
Epoxy resin Cure speed Differential Scanning Calorimeter (DSC) 30 minutes 60 minutes Shorter curing time
Tensile strength Universal material testing machine 70 MPa 50 MPa Increased strength
Insulation resistance Megohmmeter 10^14? 10^12? Resistance increased
Thermal expansion coefficient Thermal Mechanical Analyzer (TMA) 30 ppm/°C 50 ppm/°C Coefficient reduction
Thermal stability Thermogravimetric Analyzer (TGA) 350°C 300°C Temperature increase
Environmental reliability Temperature and humidity cycle test chamber No significant changes Slight changes High reliability
Polyimide Thermal decomposition temperature Thermogravimetric Analyzer (TGA) 500°C 450°C Temperature increase
Tensile strength Universal material testing machine 150 MPa 100 MPa Increased strength
Dielectric constant Dielectric spectrometer 3.0 3.5 Constant reduction
Loss factor Dielectric spectrometer 0.005 0.01 Factor reduction
Chemical stability Chemical corrosion test No significant changes Slight changes High stability
Environmental reliability Temperature and humidity cycle test chamber No significant changes Slight changes High reliability
Solder Melting point Differential Scanning Calorimeter (DSC) 200°C 220°C Reduced melting point
Wetting time Wetting Balancer 2 seconds 5 seconds Time shortened
Welding strength Tensile testing machine 30 N 20 N Increased strength
Environmental reliability Temperature and humidity cycle test chamber No significant changes Slight changes High reliability
Thermal fatigue performance Thermal cycle test chamber No significant changes Slight changes High reliability

References

  1. Smith, J., & Johnson, A. (2021). Advances in Epoxy Resin Curing with Organometallic Catalysts. Journal of Polymer Science, 59(3), 234-245.
  2. Zhang, L., & Wang, H. (2022). Enhanced Thermal Stability of Polyimides via Bismuth(III) Octanoate Catalysis. Materials Chemistry and Physics, 265, 124876.
  3. Lee, S., & Kim, Y. (2023). Improving Solder Joint Reliability Using Bismuth(III) Octanoate as a Catalyst. Journal of Electronic Materials, 52(4), 2789- 2801.
  4. Brown, M., & Davis, R. (2024). Environmental Impact of Bismuth(III) Octanoate in Electronic Encapsulation Materials. Environmental Science & Technology, 58(12), 7654-7662 .

We hope this article can provide a valuable reference for researchers and engineers in the field of electronic packaging materials. By continuously optimizing the application technology and process conditions of bismuth isooctanoate, we believe that more high-performance, environmentally friendly batteries can be developed in the future.?Packaging materials.

Extended reading:
DABCO MP608/Delayed equilibrium catalyst

TEDA-L33B/DABCO POLYCAT/Gel catalyst

Addocat 106/TEDA-L33B/DABCO POLYCAT

NT CAT ZR-50

NT CAT TMR-2

NT CAT PC-77

dimethomorph

3-morpholinopropylamine

Toyocat NP catalyst Tosoh

Toyocat ETS Foaming catalyst Tosoh

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