EU PPWR is about to take effect, banning the use of certain “permanent chemicals” in food packaging

EU PPWR is about to take effect, banning the use of certain “permanent chemicals” in food packaging

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On March 17, Belgium, the rotating presidency of the EU Council, announced on Twitter that the revised version of PPWR (Packaging and Packaging Waste Regulations) has been confirmed by the governments of 27 member states.

PPWR Core Terms

Since the core of PPWR is to solve the problem of increasing packaging waste and promote reuse and recycling, it aims to make the packaging used in the EU safer and more sustainable, and create a low-carbon cycle economic goals. Therefore, the finally passed PPWR put forward a series of goals and requirements:

·Reduce and limit certain types of packaging

PPWR proposes an overall packaging reduction target of 5% by 2030, 2035 10% annual reduction and 15% reduction by 2040.

Also set a target for the proportion of recycled plastics in packaging by 2030: 30% of recycled plastics in contact-sensitive packaging made of PET plastic (except disposable beverage bottles); made of other plastics other than PET Recycled plastics account for 7.5% of contact-sensitive packaging (including plastic packaging for food contact).

The use of thin plastic bags smaller than 15 microns is prohibited unless they are required for hygienic reasons or as primary packaging for bulk food to prevent food waste.

In order to reduce unnecessary packaging, the void ratio of container packaging, transportation, and e-commerce packaging must not exceed 50%. Manufacturers and importers should try to reduce the weight and volume of their packaging unless the packaging design is already protected on the date the regulation comes into force.

·Banning the use of certain “permanent chemicals” in food packaging

To prevent adverse effects on health, PPWR requires a ban on the use of so-called “permanent chemicals” (perfluorinated chemicals) in food contact packaging. and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) and bisphenol A.

·Deposit return system

By 2029, EU member states must individually collect at least 90% of single-use plastic bottles and metal beverage containers each year. In order to achieve this goal, a deposit return system must be established. However, for deposit return systems that exist before 2029, the minimum requirements of the regulation do not apply if they meet the 90% target.

·Restrict single-use plastics

From 1 January 2030, certain forms of single-use plastic packaging will be completely banned, such as unprocessed fresh fruit and vegetables, in pubs and restaurants Food and beverage packaging for gift and consumption (e.g. condiments, sauces, cream, sugar), as well as micro-products such as hotel toiletries and airport luggage wrap.

On November 22, 2023, the European Parliament’s Environment Committee (ENVI) passed the Packaging and Packaging Waste Regulation (PPWR) in the EU Parliament with 426 votes in favor, 125 votes against and 74 abstentions. ) to unifyEU member states manage packaging and packaging waste in order to promote reuse and recycling and solve the growing problem of packaging waste.

As part of the European Green Deal and the new circular economy action plan, PPWR mainly covers three major goals: preventing the generation of packaging waste, promoting high-quality recycling, and increasing the use of recycled plastics in packaging. It plans to make all packaging plastic by 2030. Must be reusable or recyclable.

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About the method of preparing n-octadecane under normal pressure

About the method of preparing n-octadecane under normal pressure

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It is understood that n-octadecane is a colorless liquid and a white solid at low temperatures. Flash point (?): 165; Melting point (?): 28.18; Boiling point (°C): 316.1, insoluble in water, soluble in ethanol, ether, and methanol. It has the characteristics of high purity, high enthalpy value, and stable chemical properties. It has a wide range of applications in the fields of functional temperature-regulating textiles, building energy conservation, and cold chain transportation.

A method for preparing n-octadecane under normal pressure. The steps of the preparation method are:

(1) First, 90kg, 1600mol ice Acetic acid is placed in the reaction kettle, and 38kg (580mol, 325 mesh) zinc powder and 33.34kg bromooctadecane (100mol, melting point 28.5°C) are added in sequence under stirring conditions to form a mixed liquid, and the temperature of the mixed liquid is raised to 80 ?;

(2) Drop the hydrochloric acid (content: 36-38%, calculated as hydrogen chloride 1015mol) in the high-level tank of the reaction kettle into the mixed liquid, and rapidly increase the temperature of the mixed liquid until it is accompanied by Reflux occurs and remains in the reflux state. The entire dripping process lasts for 25 hours with 100kg of hydrochloric acid. After the dripping process is completed, the mixture is maintained at 110°C for another 6 hours. The mixture is allowed to settle until the mixture is stratified, and the mixture is separated. The crude n-octadecane liquid on the upper surface;

(3) Wash the separated crude n-octadecane liquid with sulfuric acid several times, using about 2000ml of sulfuric acid each time until the n-octadecane liquid is The crude product turns into a colorless or light yellow n-octadecane liquid, and then the n-octadecane liquid is washed with 20% sodium carbonate until neutral to obtain a n-octadecane purified liquid;

(4 ) Dry the n-octadecane purified solution with anhydrous magnesium sulfate. After drying, filter out the desiccant, distill it, and collect the 314-315°C fraction. The resulting product is the n-octadecane product.

Through testing, the yield of genuine n-octadecane was 22.5kg (80% of theory), and the chromatographic analysis gradient could reach 98%.

amine catalyst Dabco 8154 – BDMAEE

2-ethylhexanoic-acid-potassium-CAS-3164-85-0-Dabco-K-15.pdf (bdmaee.net)

Dabco BL-11 catalyst CAS3033-62-3 Evonik Germany – BDMAEE

Polycat 9 catalyst CAS33329-35-6 Evonik Germany.pdf – BDMAEE

Dabco NE300 catalyst CAS10861-07-1 Evonik Germany.pdf (bdmaee.net)

Dabco 1027 Catalyst CAS100515-55-5 Evonik Germany – BDMAEE

Fomrez UL-28 Catalyst Dimethyltin Dioctadecanoate Momentive – BDMAEE

Polycat 77 catalyst CAS3855-32-1 Evonik Germany.pdf (bdmaee.net)

Polycat 41 catalyst CAS10294-43-5 Evonik Germany – BDMAEE

Polycat DBU catalyst CAS6674-22-2 Evonik Germany – BDMAEE

A Greener Approach to Nitrogen Fixation: Novel Catalyst Minimizes Environmental Footprint

A Greener Approach to Nitrogen Fixation: Novel Catalyst Minimizes Environmental Footprint

Introduction
Nitrogen fixation, the process of converting atmospheric nitrogen (N2) into ammonia (NH3), is a critical step in the production of fertilizers, which are essential for global food production. However, the conventional Haber-Bosch process used for nitrogen fixation has significant environmental and energy implications. To address these challenges, scientists and researchers are continuously exploring innovative solutions. A recent breakthrough in the development of a new catalyst promises to reduce the environmental impact of nitrogen fixation, offering a more sustainable approach to fertilizer production.
The Haber-Bosch Process and Its Environmental Challenges
The Haber-Bosch process, developed in the early 20th century, is the primary method used for industrial nitrogen fixation. This process involves the reaction of atmospheric nitrogen with hydrogen under high pressure and temperature, in the presence of an iron-based catalyst, to produce ammonia. The ammonia is then converted into various nitrogen-based fertilizers.
While the Haber-Bosch process has revolutionized global food production, it has significant environmental and energy implications. The process is highly energy-intensive, accounting for approximately 1-2% of global energy consumption and resulting in substantial greenhouse gas emissions. Moreover, the production and use of nitrogen-based fertilizers can lead to environmental pollution, including water eutrophication and air pollution, as well as negative impacts on biodiversity and human health.
The Innovative Catalyst for Greener Nitrogen Fixation
A team of international researchers has developed a novel catalyst that can significantly reduce the environmental impact of nitrogen fixation. The groundbreaking catalyst, composed of earth-abundant materials, facilitates nitrogen fixation at milder conditions and lower energy input, leading to reduced greenhouse gas emissions and improved sustainability.
The new catalyst is designed to replace the traditional iron-based catalyst used in the Haber-Bosch process. By utilizing earth-abundant materials and operating under milder conditions, the innovative catalyst offers a more environmentally friendly and cost-effective solution for nitrogen fixation.
Impact on Fertilizer Production and the Environment
The adoption of the new catalyst in nitrogen fixation processes offers several advantages over the conventional Haber-Bosch method. Firstly, the innovative catalyst enables nitrogen fixation at lower temperatures and pressures, significantly reducing the energy input required for the process. This can lead to substantial energy savings and a decrease in greenhouse gas emissions associated with fertilizer production.
Secondly, the use of earth-abundant materials in the catalyst’s composition makes it a more sustainable and cost-effective solution compared to traditional catalysts that rely on limited resources. This can contribute to a greener and more environmentally friendly fertilizer industry.
Thirdly, the novel catalyst has the potential to improve the overall efficiency of nitrogen fixation, leading to increased ammonia production and reduced waste generation. This can enhance the economic viability of fertilizer production and minimize the environmental impacts associated with the use of nitrogen-based fertilizers.
Environmental and Economic Benefits
The adoption of the innovative catalyst in nitrogen fixation processes offers numerous environmental and economic benefits. By reducing the energy input and greenhouse gas emissions associated with fertilizer production, the catalyst can help mitigate climate change and improve air quality.
Moreover, the use of earth-abundant materials in the catalyst’s composition makes it a more sustainable and cost-effective solution compared to traditional catalysts. This can contribute to a greener and more environmentally friendly fertilizer industry, while also promoting economic competitiveness.
Furthermore, the ability of the innovative catalyst to improve the efficiency of nitrogen fixation can lead to increased ammonia production and reduced waste generation, resulting in cost savings for fertilizer manufacturers and minimizing the environmental impacts associated with the use of nitrogen-based fertilizers.
Conclusion
The development of the novel catalyst for greener nitrogen fixation represents a significant milestone in the quest for more sustainable and environmentally friendly fertilizer production solutions. By facilitating nitrogen fixation at milder conditions and lower energy input, the innovative catalyst offers a promising approach for addressing the challenges associated with the conventional Haber-Bosch process. As research and development in this area continue to advance, it is expected that the new catalyst will play an increasingly important role in shaping the future of the fertilizer industry, contributing to a cleaner and more sustainable world.
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