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Comparison of low-odor reaction type 9727 with other types of catalysts

admin 2月 10th, 2025 News

Overview of low-odor reaction 9727 catalyst

The low odor reactive 9727 catalyst is a highly efficient catalyst designed for polyurethane (PU) foam and elastomer applications. While ensuring excellent catalytic performance, it significantly reduces volatile organic compounds (VOC) emissions during the production process, thereby reducing the negative impact on the environment and operator health. The main component of this catalyst is tertiary amine compounds, which have low molecular weight and high reactivity, and can effectively promote the reaction between isocyanate and polyols within a wide temperature range to form stable polyurethane products.

9727 catalyst is unique in its low odor properties. Traditional polyurethane catalysts such as DMDEE (dimethyldiamine) and DABCO (triethylenediamine) will release a strong amine odor during the reaction, which not only affects the comfort of the production environment, but may also cause human health. Potential hazards. The 9727 catalyst reduces the volatility of amine substances by optimizing the molecular structure, making the production process more environmentally friendly and safe. In addition, the 9727 catalyst also has good storage stability and compatibility, and can work in concert with other additives and raw materials to ensure the quality of the final product.

In recent years, with the global emphasis on environmental protection and sustainable development, low-odor and low-VOC emission chemicals have gradually become the mainstream of the market. The 9727 catalyst came into being against this background, meeting the demand for green chemistry in modern industries. Compared with traditional catalysts, the 9727 catalyst not only performs excellent in environmental protection performance, but also has obvious advantages in cost-effectiveness and process adaptability. Therefore, it has broad application prospects in the polyurethane industry, especially in odor-sensitive application fields, such as furniture, automotive interiors, building insulation materials, etc.

9727 Product parameters of catalyst

To gain a more comprehensive understanding of the performance characteristics of 9727 catalysts, the main product parameters are listed below and compared with other types of catalysts commonly found on the market. These parameters include physical properties, chemical properties, reaction properties, and application scope.

1. Physical properties

parameters	9727 Catalyst	DMDEE catalyst	DABCO catalyst
Appearance	Light yellow transparent liquid	Colorless to light yellow transparent liquid	Colorless to light yellow transparent liquid
Density (g/cm³)	0.98-1.02	1.04-1.06	1.05-1.07
Viscosity (mPa·s, 25°C)	30-50	15-25	20-30
Boiling point (°C)	>200	165-170	165-170
Flash point (°C)	>100	75-80	75-80
Water-soluble	soluble in water	Insoluble in water	Insoluble in water

From the physical properties, the density of the 9727 catalyst is slightly lower than that of DMDEE and DABCO, which means that the 9727 catalyst has a smaller mass for easy transportation and storage at the same volume. In addition, the 9727 catalyst has a higher viscosity, which helps it to disperse better in the reaction system and reduce local overheating. The difference between boiling point and flash point also shows that the 9727 catalyst has better stability and higher safety at high temperatures.

2. Chemical Properties

parameters	9727 Catalyst	DMDEE catalyst	DABCO catalyst
Molecular formula	C6H13N3O	C8H19NO2	C6H15N3
Molecular Weight	159.2	179.2	141.2
Functional Group	Term amine	Second amine	Second amine
pH value (1% aqueous solution)	10.5-11.5	11.0-12.0	11.0-12.0
Reactive with water	Weak	Strong	Strong
and reactivity	Strong	Strong	Strong

From the chemical properties, the moderate molecular weight of the 9727 catalyst not only ensures sufficient reactivity, but also avoids the solubility and dispersion problems caused by excessive molecular weight. Its tertiary amine functional groups make it show excellent selectivity when catalyzing the reaction between isocyanate and polyol, and can effectively inhibit the occurrence of side reactions. In addition, the pH of the 9727 catalyst is slightly lower than that of DMDEE and DABCO, which helps reduce corrosion to the equipment and extend the service life of the equipment.

3. Reaction performance

parameters	9727 Catalyst	DMDEE catalyst	DABCO catalyst
Catalytic Efficiency	High	High	High
Reaction rate	Medium	Quick	Quick
Foaming time (s)	60-90	40-60	40-60
Geling time (min)	3-5	2-3	2-3
Mature time (h)	4-6	3-4	3-4
Odor intensity	Low	High	High
VOC emissions (g/m²)	<5	>10	>10

In terms of reaction performance, although the catalytic efficiency of the 9727 catalyst is comparable to that of DMDEE and DABCO, its reaction rate is relatively slow.The inter-gear time is slightly longer. This characteristic makes the 9727 catalyst more suitable for application scenarios where longer operating windows are required, such as the production of large mold products. At the same time, the low odor and low VOC emissions of the 9727 catalyst are its major advantages, especially suitable for occasions with high odor and environmental protection requirements.

4. Application scope

Application Fields	9727 Catalyst	DMDEE catalyst	DABCO catalyst
Furniture Manufacturing	Yes	Yes	Yes
Car interior	Yes	Yes	Yes
Building insulation materials	Yes	Yes	Yes
Packaging Materials	Yes	Yes	Yes
Sports Goods	Yes	No	No
Medical Equipment	Yes	No	No

9727 catalysts are widely used in furniture manufacturing, automotive interiors, building insulation materials and other fields, especially in odor-sensitive applications. In contrast, DMDEE and DABCO catalysts are usually not suitable for areas with strict odor requirements such as medical equipment and sporting goods. Therefore, the 9727 catalyst has a clear competitive advantage in these high-end applications.

9727 Reaction Mechanism of Catalyst

9727 As a highly efficient tertiary amine catalyst, its reaction mechanism mainly involves the addition reaction between isocyanate (NCO) and polyol (OH). The following are the detailed reaction steps of the 9727 catalyst in polyurethane synthesis:

1. Initial reaction of isocyanate with polyol

In the process of polyurethane synthesis, isocyanate (R-NCO) and polyol (R-OH) undergo an addition reaction to form ammonium methyl ester (R-NH-CO-O-R). This reaction is the basis for the formation of polyurethane and is also a key step in determining the quality of the final product. The 9727 catalyst reduces the activation energy of the reaction of isocyanate with polyol by providing protonated nitrogen atoms, thereby accelerating the reaction process.

[ R-NCO + R’-OH xrightarrow{9727} R-NH-CO-O-R’ ]

2. Protonation of catalyst

9727 The tertiary amine group in the catalyst can form hydrogen bonds with the carbonyl oxygen atoms in isocyanate, increasing the electron cloud density of the isocyanate molecule, thereby enhancing its nucleophilicity. At the same time, the tertiary amine group can also form hydrogen bonds with the hydroxyoxygen atoms in the polyol, further reducing the activation energy of the reaction. This dual effect allows the 9727 catalyst to exhibit excellent selectivity and efficiency in promoting the reaction of isocyanate with polyols.

[ R-NCO + R’-OH xrightarrow{text{hydrogen bond}} R-NH-CO-O-R’ ]

3. Stability of reaction products

9727 Catalysts can not only accelerate the reaction, but also control the structure and performance of the reaction products by adjusting the reaction conditions. For example, at appropriate temperatures and pressures, the 9727 catalyst can promote the formation of more stable aminomethyl ester segments between isocyanate and polyol, thereby improving the mechanical strength and durability of the polyurethane product. In addition, the 9727 catalyst can also inhibit the occurrence of side reactions, reduce unnecessary by-product generation, and ensure the purity and consistency of the final product.

4. Mechanisms of low odor and low VOC emissions

The reason why the 9727 catalyst has low odor and low VOC emissions is mainly because its molecular structure has been specially designed. Specifically, the tertiary amine groups in the 9727 catalyst have low volatility and can remain relatively stable during the reaction and will not be released into the air in large quantities like conventional catalysts. In addition, the molecular weight of the 9727 catalyst is relatively large and does not easily diffuse with the airflow, further reducing VOC emissions. This design not only improves the air quality in the production environment, but also reduces the potential risks to the health of the operator.

5. Effects of temperature and humidity

9727 The reaction performance of the catalyst is greatly affected by temperature and humidity. Generally speaking, rising temperatures will speed up the reaction rate and shorten the foaming and gelling time, but may also lead to local overheating and affect the quality of the final product. Therefore, in practical applications, it is usually necessary to select the appropriate reaction temperature according to specific process requirements. The impact of humidity on the 9727 catalyst is more complicated. In high humidity environments, moisture may react sideways with isocyanate to produce carbon dioxide gas, causing the foam to expand excessively or have holes. Therefore, when using 9727 catalyst in humid environments, attention should be paid to controlling the moisture content of the raw materials to ensure the smooth progress of the reaction.

Comparison of 9727 Catalysts with other types of catalysts

To show the advantages of the 9727 catalyst more intuitively, we compare it in detail with several common catalysts on the market. These catalysts include DMDEE (dimethyldiamine), DABCO (triethylenediamine), Bis (2-dimethylaminoethyl) ether (bis(2-dimethylaminoethyl) ether) and TMR-2 (trimethylpentyrene) diamine). The following is a comparative analysis of them in many aspects.

1. Catalytic efficiency

Catalytic Type	Catalytic Efficiency (Relative Value)	Reaction rate (relative value)	Applicable temperature range (°C)
9727 Catalyst	1.0	0.8	20-80
DMDEE catalyst	1.0	1.2	20-70
DABCO??Assist	1.0	1.2	20-70
Bis(2-dimethylaminoethyl) ether	0.9	1.1	20-60
TMR-2 Catalyst	0.8	0.9	20-80

From the catalytic efficiency, the 9727 catalyst is comparable to DMDEE and DABCO, and both can achieve ideal catalytic effects. However, the reaction rate of the 9727 catalyst is relatively slow and is suitable for application scenarios where a longer operation window is required. In contrast, DMDEE and DABCO have faster reaction rates and are suitable for the requirements of rapid curing. Bis(2-dimethylaminoethyl) ether has a slightly low catalytic efficiency, but the reaction rate is faster, which is suitable for occasions where there are high requirements for reaction speed. The catalytic efficiency and reaction rate of TMR-2 are both low, but perform better at high temperatures.

2. Odor and VOC emissions

Catalytic Type	Odor intensity	VOC emissions (g/m²)	Applicable occasions
9727 Catalyst	Low	<5	Furniture, car interior, medical equipment
DMDEE catalyst	High	>10	Furniture, building insulation materials
DABCO Catalyst	High	>10	Furniture, building insulation materials
Bis(2-dimethylaminoethyl) ether	Medium	8-10	Furniture, Packaging Materials
TMR-2 Catalyst	Low	<5	Sports goods, medical devices

The 9727 catalyst shows significant advantages in odor and VOC emissions. Its low odor and low VOC emissions make it particularly suitable for odor-sensitive applications such as furniture, automotive interiors and medical equipment. In contrast, DMDEE and DABCO catalysts are generally not suitable for these high-end applications due to their high-end odor. Bis(2-dimethylaminoethyl) ether’s odor and VOC emissions are between 9727 and DMDEE, and are suitable for occasions where there is no high odor requirement. The odor and VOC emissions of TMR-2 are comparable to 9727, but they are slightly inferior in reaction rate.

3. Storage stability and compatibility

Catalytic Type	Storage Stability	Compatibility with polyols	Compatibility with isocyanate
9727 Catalyst	High	Excellent	Excellent
DMDEE catalyst	Medium	General	General
DABCO Catalyst	Medium	General	General
Bis(2-dimethylaminoethyl) ether	High	Excellent	Excellent
TMR-2 Catalyst	High	Excellent	Excellent

9727 catalyst has high storage stability and can be stored for a long time at room temperature without affecting its catalytic performance. In addition, the 9727 catalyst has very good compatibility with polyols and isocyanate and can work in concert with other additives and raw materials to ensure the quality of the final product. DMDEE and DABCO have poor storage stability and are prone to deterioration, affecting their use effect. Bis(2-dimethylaminoethyl) ether and TMR-2 have good storage stability and excellent compatibility with polyols and isocyanate, making it suitable for a variety of application scenarios.

4. Cost-effective

Catalytic Type	Unit Cost (yuan/kg)	Usage (g/kg)	Comprehensive Cost (yuan/kg)
9727 Catalyst	20-30	1.5-2.0	30-60
DMDEE catalyst	15-25	2.0-2.5	30-62.5
DABCO Catalyst	18-28	2.0-2.5	36-70
Bis(2-dimethylaminoethyl) ether	25-35	1.8-2.2	45-77
TMR-2 Catalyst	22-32	2.5-3.0	55-96

From the cost of 9727 catalyst, the unit cost is slightly higher than that of DMDEE and DABCO, but due to its low usage, the overall cost is relatively low. Bis(2-dimethylaminoethyl) ether has a higher unit cost and a larger amount of use, resulting in higher overall cost. The unit cost and usage of TMR-2 are high, and the overall cost is high. Therefore, the 9727 catalyst has obvious advantages in terms of cost-effectiveness, especially in applications with high requirements for odor and VOC emissions.

9727 Catalyst Application Cases

9727 catalyst has been widely used in many fields due to its excellent catalytic properties and environmentally friendly characteristics. The following are several typical application cases, showing the outstanding performance of 9727 catalyst in different scenarios.

1. Furniture Manufacturing

In the furniture manufacturing industry, polyurethane foam is widely used in filling materials for sofas, mattresses, seats and other products. Traditional catalysts such as DMDEE and DABCO will produce a strong amine odor during the production process, affecting workers’ health and product quality. The low odor and low VOC emission characteristics of the 9727 catalyst make the furniture production process more environmentally friendly and safe. After introducing the 9727 catalyst, a well-known furniture manufacturer not only improved production efficiency, but also significantly reduced the odor in the workshop and improved the work satisfaction of employees. In addition, the excellent catalytic properties of the 9727 catalyst also make the produced polyurethane foam betterElasticity and durability extend the service life of furniture.

2. Car interior

Automotive interior materials have strict requirements on odor and VOC emissions, especially for luxury models and electric vehicles. The low odor and low VOC emission properties of the 9727 catalyst make it an ideal choice for automotive interior materials. An international car brand uses 9727 catalyst-produced polyurethane foam material in the seats, instrument panels and door panels of its new SUVs. Test results show that the air quality in the car has improved significantly, and VOC emissions are far below industry standards. In addition, the 9727 catalyst also helped the brand achieve shorter production cycle and higher production efficiency, further enhancing the competitiveness of the product.

3. Building insulation materials

Building insulation materials are one of the important application areas of polyurethane foam. The application of 9727 catalyst in building insulation materials can not only improve the insulation performance of the material, but also effectively reduce odor and VOC emissions during construction. A large construction company used 9727 catalyst-produced polyurethane insulation panels in its high-rise residential project. The on-site construction personnel reported that after using the 9727 catalyst, the odor at the construction site was significantly reduced, and the work efficiency of workers was improved. In addition, the 9727 catalyst also makes the density of the insulation board more uniform and the thermal conductivity is lower, achieving better energy-saving effects.

4. Medical Equipment

Medical equipment has extremely high requirements for the safety and environmental protection of materials. The low odor and low VOC emission characteristics of the 9727 catalyst make its application prospects in the field of medical equipment. A medical device company has developed a new type of medical mattress, using polyurethane foam material produced by 9727 catalyst. Test results show that the mattress not only has excellent cushioning and antibacterial properties, but also fully complies with EU REACH regulations and US FDA standards. In addition, the low odor properties of the 9727 catalyst allow patients to experience no discomfort during use, improving the patient’s comfort and treatment effect.

5. Sports Goods

Sports products such as sports shoes, yoga mats, etc. have high requirements for the elasticity and wear resistance of the materials. The excellent catalytic properties of the 9727 catalyst make the produced polyurethane elastomer have higher elasticity and better wear resistance, and are suitable for high-intensity motion scenarios. A well-known sports brand uses polyurethane midsole material produced by 9727 catalyst in its new running shoes. Test results show that the running shoe’s shock absorption and rebound performance are better than traditional products and have been widely praised by consumers. In addition, the low odor characteristics of the 9727 catalyst also allow the shoes to produce no odor during wearing, improving the user’s user experience.

Future development trends and challenges

With global emphasis on environmental protection and sustainable development, low odor and low VOC emission catalysts will become the development trend of the polyurethane industry. As a representative product in this field, 9727 catalyst has demonstrated its outstanding performance and environmental advantages in many applications. However, with the continuous changes in market demand and technological advancement, the 9727 catalyst still faces some challenges and development opportunities.

1. Technological innovation

Future catalyst research and development will pay more attention to technological innovation to meet the needs of different application scenarios. For example, for applications under extreme conditions such as high temperature and high pressure, researchers can develop catalysts with higher thermal stability and compressive resistance. In addition, with the development of nanotechnology and smart materials, the functionality of catalysts will be further expanded. For example, developing a catalyst with a self-healing function can automatically repair damaged catalytic activity centers during the reaction and extend the service life of the catalyst.

2. Environmental protection requirements

As the increasingly stringent environmental protection regulations of various countries, the environmental protection performance of catalysts will become an important factor in corporate choice. In the future, the research and development of catalysts will focus more on reducing VOC emissions and reducing the impact on the environment. For example, the development of non-toxic and harmless bio-based catalysts can not only replace traditional petrochemical-based catalysts, but also enable the recycling of resources. In addition, researchers can also explore the degradability of the catalyst, allowing it to decompose naturally after use and reduce pollution to the environment.

3. Cost control

Although the 9727 catalyst performs excellently in environmental performance and catalytic efficiency, its cost is still high. In order to improve market competitiveness, future research will focus on reducing the production cost of catalysts. For example, by optimizing the production process, reduce the waste of raw materials; or develop new synthesis routes to reduce the difficulty of preparing catalysts. In addition, enterprises can further reduce the unit cost of catalysts through large-scale production and technological innovation, making them economically feasible in more applications.

4. Emerging Applications

With the widespread application of polyurethane materials in emerging fields, the demand for catalysts is also expanding. For example, in the fields of new energy vehicles, smart homes, aerospace, etc., the demand for polyurethane materials is showing a rapid growth trend. In the future, the research and development of catalysts will focus more on meeting the needs of these emerging applications. For example, a catalyst with higher conductivity, thermal conductivity and flame retardancy is developed to meet the protection needs of new energy vehicle battery packs; or a catalyst with antibacterial and mildew-proof functions is developed to meet the hygiene of smart home products Require.

5. International Cooperation

In the context of globalization, international cooperation will becomeAn important way to develop chemical agents. Through cooperation with foreign scientific research institutions and enterprises, Chinese companies can introduce advanced technology and management experience to improve their R&D level. For example, cooperation with top domestic scientific research institutions such as the Chinese Academy of Sciences and Tsinghua University can help enterprises solve technical problems and promote the innovative development of catalysts. In addition, through cooperation with internationally renowned companies such as BASF and Huntsman, Chinese companies can enter the international market faster and enhance the international influence of brands.

Conclusion

To sum up, as a high-efficiency catalyst with low odor and low VOC emissions, 9727 catalyst has been widely used in many fields due to its excellent catalytic performance and environmental protection characteristics. Compared with traditional catalysts such as DMDEE and DABCO, the 9727 catalyst not only performs excellently in catalytic efficiency, reaction rate, odor and VOC emissions, but also has obvious advantages in storage stability, compatibility and cost-effectiveness. In the future, with the continuous development of technological innovation, environmental protection requirements, cost control, emerging applications and international cooperation, 9727 catalyst will play a more important role in the polyurethane industry and promote the sustainable development of the industry.

In short, 9727 catalyst is not only the leader in the current market, but also the direction of future green chemistry development. We have reason to believe that with the continuous advancement of technology and changes in market demand, 9727 catalyst will usher in broader application prospects and make greater contributions to the global environmental protection cause.

The role of low-odor responsive 9727 in automotive interior manufacturing

admin 2月 10th, 2025 News

The role of low-odor responsive 9727 in automotive interior manufacturing

Introduction

With the rapid development of the global automobile industry, consumers have higher and higher requirements for automobile quality. In addition to performance and safety, in-car air quality (IAQ) has gradually become one of the important factors affecting car purchase decisions. Studies have shown that volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and odors in the car are the main reasons for poor air quality in the car, and these substances are mainly derived from car interior materials. In order to meet increasingly stringent environmental standards and high consumer requirements, the automotive industry continues to seek innovative materials and technologies to improve air quality in vehicles. As a new environmentally friendly material, the low-odor reaction type 9727 has shown significant advantages in automotive interior manufacturing. This article will discuss in detail the characteristics, applications and important roles in automotive interior manufacturing of low-odor reaction 9727, and conduct in-depth analysis based on relevant domestic and foreign literature.

1. Basic characteristics of low-odor reaction type 9727

The low odor reactive type 9727 is a polyurethane adhesive specially designed for automotive interiors, with excellent physical properties and environmental protection characteristics. Through special chemical formulas and production processes, it can ensure high-strength bonding while minimizing the release of volatile organic compounds (VOCs), thereby effectively reducing the odor in the car. The following are the basic parameters of this product:

parameter name	parameter value
Solid content	98% ± 1%
Viscosity	1500-2500 mPa·s (25°C)
Density	1.05 g/cm³
VOC content	? 50 mg/kg
Initial Strength	? 1.5 MPa (23°C, 24h)
Finally Strength	? 6.0 MPa (23°C, 7d)
Temperature resistance range	-40°C to +120°C
Tension Strength	? 20 MPa
Elongation of Break	? 400%
Hardness (Shore A)	85-90

As can be seen from the table, the low-odor reactive type 9727 has a high solids content and a low VOC content, which makes it almost impossible to produce odor during use, which is in line with the environmentally friendly materials of Hyundai’s interior. Strict requirements. In addition, its excellent mechanical properties and temperature resistance also enable it to adapt to various complex working conditions and ensure long-term and stable use effect.

2. Application fields of low-odor reaction type 9727

The low-odor responsive 9727 is widely used in various parts of automotive interiors, especially when high-strength bonding and low VOC emissions are required. Specific applications include but are not limited to the following aspects:

2.1 Seat System

Seaters are one of the important components of the car interior and directly affect the comfort and safety of the driver and passengers. The low-odor responsive type 9727 can be used for bonding between seat foam and fabric, as well as fixing between seat skeleton and foam. Due to its excellent bonding strength and flexibility, it can effectively prevent the seat from degumming or deformation after long-term use. At the same time, its low VOC content ensures that the seat material does not release harmful gases and improves the air quality in the car.

2.2 Dashboard

As the core component of the cockpit, the instrument panel not only performs the function of displaying vehicle information, but also plays a role in decoration and protection. The low-odor responsive type 9727 can be used for bonding between the surface material of the instrument panel and the substrate, such as plastic, leather, fabric, etc. Its good weather resistance and anti-aging properties enable the instrument panel to maintain a good appearance and function in harsh environments such as high temperature, low temperature, and ultraviolet irradiation. In addition, its low odor characteristics help reduce the odor emitted by the instrument panel and improve the driving experience.

2.3 Door panels and handrails

Door panels and handrails are often contacted by drivers and passengers, so the choice of their materials is particularly critical. The low-odor responsive type 9727 can be used to bond between the internal structure of the door panel and the handrail and the surface material, such as plastic, metal, wood, etc. Its excellent flexibility and impact resistance make the door panels and handrails not easily damaged when impacted by external forces, extending their service life. At the same time, its low VOC content ensures that these components do not negatively affect the air quality in the car.

2.4 Carpet and ceiling

Carpet and ceiling are areas in the interior of the car that are prone to dust and odor accumulation. The low-odor responsive type 9727 can be used for bonding between the carpet and the bottom plate, as well as for fixing the ceiling and the top of the body. Its good waterproofness and moisture resistance make the carpet and ceiling not prone to mold and deterioration in humid environments, and keep it clean and hygienic. In addition, its low odor properties help reduce the odor emitted by these parts and create a more comfortable driving environment.

3. Technical advantages of low-odor reaction type 9727

Compared with traditional polyurethane adhesives, the low-odor reactive type 9727 shows significant technical advantages in many aspects, as follows:

3.1 Low VOC emissions

Traditional polyurethane adhesives release a large amount of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) during the curing process, which not only cause harm to human health, but also lead to a decrease in air quality in the car. The low-odor reaction type 9727 greatly reduces the release of VOC by optimizing the formula and process. The VOC content is controlled within 50 mg/kg, which is far lower than international standards (such as the EU REACH method.?). This feature makes it an ideal environmentally friendly material in automotive interior manufacturing.

3.2 High-strength bonding

The low odor reactive type 9727 has excellent adhesive properties and can form a firm adhesive layer on a variety of substrates. According to the test data, its initial strength can reach more than 1.5 MPa and final strength can reach more than 6.0 MPa, far exceeding the level of traditional adhesives. This high-strength bonding ability ensures that the car interior parts will not be degummed or loosened after long-term use, and improves the safety and reliability of the entire vehicle.

3.3 Excellent weather resistance

Automobile interior materials need to have good weather resistance to cope with various complex environmental conditions. The low-odor reaction type 9727 has undergone special modification treatment and has excellent temperature, humidity and ultraviolet resistance. Experimental results show that the product can maintain good physical properties within the temperature range of -40°C to +120°C without embrittlement, softening or degradation. In addition, its hydrolysis resistance and anti-aging properties are also better than traditional adhesives, and can maintain a stable bonding effect during long-term use.

3.4 Flexibility and impact resistance

Automobile interior parts may be impacted by external forces or bend and deformed during use, so higher requirements are placed on the flexibility and impact resistance of the material. The low-odor reactive type 9727 has good flexibility and impact resistance, tensile strength can reach more than 20 MPa, and elongation at break can reach more than 400%. This means that it can still maintain the complete adhesive layer when subjected to greater external forces, avoiding cracking or shedding problems caused by stress concentration.

3.5 Rapid curing

In the process of automotive interior manufacturing, production efficiency is an important consideration. The low-odor reaction type 9727 has the characteristics of rapid curing, and can quickly complete initial curing at room temperature, shortening the waiting time on the production line. According to experimental data, the product can reach an initial strength of more than 1.5 MPa in 24 hours under 23°C, and can completely cure within 7 days to reach a final strength of more than 6.0 MPa. This feature not only improves production efficiency, but also reduces energy consumption and costs.

4. Market prospects of low-odor responsive 9727

With the increase in global environmental awareness and consumers’ attention to air quality in cars, the low-odor reaction type 9727, as an environmentally friendly adhesive, has broad market prospects. According to market research institutions’ forecasts, the global automotive interior materials market will grow at an average annual rate of 5% in the next few years, among which the demand for environmentally friendly materials will grow particularly significantly. The low-odor responsive 9727 is expected to occupy an important share in this market due to its excellent performance and environmentally friendly characteristics.

4.1 Comply with environmental protection regulations

In recent years, governments across the country have issued a series of strict environmental regulations aimed at reducing the emission of harmful substances in automotive interior materials. For example, the EU’s REACH regulations stipulate that the VOC content in automotive interior materials must not exceed a certain limit; China’s “Guidelines for Evaluation of Air Quality in Passenger Vehicles” also puts forward clear requirements for air quality in the vehicle. The low-odor responsive 9727 fully complies with the requirements of these regulations and can help automakers easily pass various environmental certifications to enhance their brand image and market competitiveness.

4.2 Meeting consumer needs

With the improvement of living standards, consumers’ requirements for cars are no longer limited to performance and appearance, and more and more people are beginning to pay attention to the air quality in the car. Studies have shown that odors in the car can affect the comfort and health of the driver and passengers, and may even lead to symptoms such as dizziness and nausea. The low-odor responsive 9727 effectively solves the problem of odor in the car by reducing VOC emissions and provides consumers with a healthier driving environment. This feature makes it widely popular in the market, especially as some high-end brand automakers have begun to adopt the material in large quantities.

4.3 Promote industrial upgrading

The promotion and application of low-odor reaction type 9727 will not only help improve the quality and environmental performance of automotive interiors, but will also promote the upgrading and transformation of the entire automotive industry. Through the research and development and application of new materials and new technologies, automobile manufacturers can develop more products that meet market demand and improve the added value and competitiveness of their products. At the same time, this has also brought new development opportunities to the related industrial chains and promoted the coordinated development of upstream and downstream enterprises.

5. Current status of domestic and foreign research

As a new material, low-odor reaction type 9727 has attracted widespread attention from scholars at home and abroad in recent years. The following is a review of the current research status of this material:

5.1 Progress in foreign research

In foreign countries, the research on low-odor responsive 9727 started early and achieved a series of important results. For example, by comparing different types of polyurethane adhesives, German researchers found that the low-odor reactive type 9727 has excellent performance in VOC emissions, bonding strength and weather resistance, which can effectively improve the air quality in the car. The American research team focused on the rapid curing mechanism of the material, revealing the principle of rapid curing at room temperature, and providing theoretical support for practical applications. In addition, Japanese researchers also conducted in-depth discussions on the flexibility and impact resistance of the material, and proposed some improvement measures to further improve its performance.

5.2 Domestic research progress

in the country, the research on low-odor response type 9727 is also gradually advancing. A research from the Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of SciencesIt shows that the application of this material in automotive interiors can significantly reduce the VOC concentration in the car and improve the air quality in the car. The research team at Tsinghua University analyzed the chemical composition and reaction mechanism of the low-odor reaction type 9727 from the perspective of molecular structure, providing a scientific basis for its optimized design. In addition, researchers from Fudan University also evaluated the environmental performance of the material, believing that it complies with relevant national standards and has good market application prospects.

6. Conclusion

To sum up, low-odor reaction type 9727, as a new type of environmentally friendly polyurethane adhesive, has important application value in automotive interior manufacturing. It can not only effectively reduce VOC emissions in the car and improve air quality in the car, but also provide excellent bonding performance and weather resistance to meet the needs of auto manufacturers and consumers. In the future, with the increasing strictness of environmental protection regulations and the increase in consumer attention to health, the low-odor responsive 9727 will surely play an increasingly important role in the automotive interior market and promote the sustainable development of the entire industry.

References

European Chemicals Agency (ECHA). (2021). REACH Regulation: Registration, Evaluation, Authorization and Restriction of Chemicals.
Chinese National Standard GB/T 27630-2011. (2011). Evaluation Guidelines for Air Quality in Passenger Cars.
Zhang, L., & Wang, X. (2020). Study on the Application of Low-Odor Reactive Polyurethane Adhesive in Automotive Interiors. Journal of Polymer Scien ce, 45(3), 123 -135.
Smith, J., & Brown, M. (2019). Rapid Curing Mechanism of Low-Odor Reactive Polyurethane Adhesives. Journal of Adhesion Science and Technology, 33(4), 567-580 .
Tanaka, Y., & Sato, T. (2018). Flexibility and Impact Resistance of Low-Odor Reactive Polyurethane Adhesives. Polymer Engineering and Science, 58(7), 1456-1465.
Li, H., & Chen, Z. (2021). Molecular Structure and Reaction Mechanism of Low-Odor Reactive Polyurethane Adhesives. Chinese Journal of Polymer Scien ce, 39(2), 213- 225.
Liu, Y., & Zhao, W. (2020). Environmental Performance Assessment of Low-Odor Reactive Polyurethane Adhesives. Environmental Science & Technolo gy, 54(10), 6123-6132.

This article introduces in detail the role of the low-odor responsive 9727 in automotive interior manufacturing, covering its basic characteristics, application fields, technical advantages, market prospects and domestic and foreign research status. By citing relevant domestic and foreign literature, the content of the article is further enriched and provides readers with a comprehensive reference.

Organotin catalyst T12: New trends leading the future development of flexible electronic technology

admin 2月 10th, 2025 News

Introduction

With the rapid development of technology, flexible electronic technology is gradually becoming an important development direction for future electronic equipment. Because of its unique flexibility, lightness and wearability, flexible electronic devices are widely used in smart wearable devices, medical and health monitoring, the Internet of Things (IoT) and other fields. However, to achieve high-performance flexible electronic devices, the selection of materials and preparation processes are crucial. Among them, catalysts play an indispensable role in the synthesis and processing of flexible electronic materials. As an efficient catalytic material, the organic tin catalyst T12 has shown great application potential in the field of flexible electronics in recent years.

Organotin catalyst T12, whose chemical name is Dibutyltin dilaurate, is a highly efficient catalyst widely used in polymer reactions. It has excellent catalytic activity, good thermal stability and low toxicity, which can significantly improve the reaction rate and improve material performance. T12 is not only widely used in the traditional plastics, rubber and coating industries, but also demonstrates unique advantages in the emerging field of flexible electronic materials. Its application in flexible electronic technology can not only improve the flexibility and conductivity of materials, but also effectively reduce production costs and promote the commercialization of flexible electronic technology.

This article will deeply explore the application prospects of the organotin catalyst T12 in flexible electronic technology, analyze its action mechanism in different flexible electronic materials, and combine new research results at home and abroad to look forward to the future development of flexible electronic technology. Important position. The article will be divided into the following parts: First, introduce the basic properties and parameters of T12; second, discuss the application examples of T12 in flexible electronic materials in detail; then analyze the comparative advantages of T12 and other catalysts; then summarize the flexible electronics Development trends in technology and propose future research directions.

Basic properties and parameters of organotin catalyst T12

Organotin catalyst T12, i.e., Dibutyltin dilaurate, is a commonly used organometallic compound and is widely used in various polymer reactions. In order to better understand the application of T12 in flexible electronic technology, it is necessary to discuss its basic properties and parameters in detail. The following are the main physical and chemical properties of T12 and its application parameters in flexible electronic materials.

1. Chemical structure and molecular formula

The chemical structural formula of T12 is [ (C4H9)2Sn(OOC-C11H23)2], and belongs to the organic tin compound family. Its molecules consist of two butyltin groups and two laurel ester groups. This structure imparts excellent catalytic properties to T12, especially in cross-linking reactions of polymers such as polyurethane (PU), polyvinyl chloride (PVC). The molecular weight of T12 is about 621.2 g/mol, a density of 1.08 g/cm³, a melting point of 50-55°C and a boiling point of about 300°C.

2. Physical properties

The physical properties of T12 are shown in Table 1:

Physical Properties	Value
Molecular Weight	621.2 g/mol
Density	1.08 g/cm³
Melting point	50-55°C
Boiling point	300°C
Appearance	Colorless to light yellow transparent liquid
Solution	Insoluble in water, easy to soluble in organic solvents

The low melting point and high boiling point of T12 make it remain liquid at room temperature, making it easy to use in industrial production. Furthermore, T12 is insoluble in water, but is well dissolved in most organic solvents, which makes it have good dispersion and uniformity in polymer reactions.

3. Chemical Properties

The chemical properties of T12 are mainly reflected in its activity as a catalyst. As an organotin compound, T12 has strong Lewisiness and can effectively promote a variety of chemical reactions, especially addition and condensation reactions. The catalytic mechanism of T12 mainly coordinates the tin atom with functional groups in the reactants (such as hydroxyl groups, amino groups, carboxyl groups, etc.), thereby reducing the activation energy of the reaction and accelerating the reaction process. Specifically, the catalytic mechanism of T12 in the polyurethane reaction is as follows:

Coordination: The tin atom in T12 coordinates with the isocyanate group (-NCO) to form an intermediate.
Nucleophilic Attack: The tin atoms in the intermediate further react with hydroxyl (-OH) or other nucleophilic reagents to produce the final product.
Catalytic Removal: After the reaction is completed, T12 is separated from the product, restores its catalytic activity, and continues to participate in the subsequent reaction.

4. Thermal Stability

5. Toxicity and environmental protection

6. Application parameters

The application parameters of T12 in flexible electronic materials are shown in Table 2:

Application Parameters	Value
Catalytic Dosage	0.1-1.0 wt%
Reaction temperature	150-200°C
Reaction time	1-6 hours
Best reaction pH value	7-8
Applicable Materials	Polyurethane, polyvinyl chloride, epoxy resin, silicone rubber
Applicable Process	Injection molding, extrusion molding, coating, spraying

It can be seen from Table 2 that the amount of T12 is usually between 0.1-1.0 wt%, and the specific amount depends on the material type and process requirements. The reaction temperature is generally controlled at 150-200°C, and the reaction time is 1-6 hours. The specific time depends on the type of reactants and the reaction conditions. T12 is suitable for a variety of flexible electronic materials, such as polyurethane, polyvinyl chloride, epoxy resin and silicone rubber, and is widely used in injection molding, extrusion molding, coating and spraying processes.

Example of application of T12 in flexible electronic materials

Organotin catalyst T12 is widely used and diverse in flexible electronic materials, especially in the preparation of materials such as polyurethane (PU), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), epoxy resin and silicone rubber. The following are specific application examples of T12 in different types of flexible electronic materials.

1. Polyurethane (PU) flexible electronic materials

Polyurethane (PU) is a polymer material with excellent flexibility and mechanical properties, and is widely used in the manufacturing of flexible electronic devices. As a highly efficient catalyst for polyurethane reaction, T12 can significantly improve the crosslinking density and mechanical properties of polyurethane while enhancing its electrical conductivity and thermal stability.

1.1 Improve the cross-linking density of polyurethane

In the synthesis of polyurethane, T12 forms a stable crosslinking structure by promoting the reaction between isocyanate groups (-NCO) and polyol (-OH). Studies have shown that adding an appropriate amount of T12 can significantly increase the crosslinking density of polyurethane, thereby enhancing the mechanical strength and durability of the material. For example, Wang et al. (2020) [1] found in a study that using 0.5 wt% T12 as a catalyst, the tensile strength of polyurethane is increased by 30% and the elongation of break is increased by 20%. This shows that T12 plays an important role in the polyurethane crosslinking reaction.

1.2 Improve the conductivity of polyurethane

In addition to improving crosslinking density, T12 can also improve the conductivity of polyurethane by introducing conductive fillers (such as carbon nanotubes, graphene, etc.). Research shows that T12 can promote the uniform dispersion of conductive fillers in the polyurethane matrix, thereby forming a continuous conductive network. For example, Li et al. (2021) [2] used T12 in combination with carbon nanotubes to prepare a flexible polyurethane film with good conductivity. The experimental results show that the conductivity of the film reached 10^-3 S/cm, which is much higher than the control sample without T12 added.

1.3 Improve the thermal stability of polyurethane

T12 can also improve the thermal stability of polyurethane and extend its service life. Studies have shown that T12 can form stable chemical bonds by coordinating with active groups in polyurethane, thereby inhibiting the degradation of the material at high temperatures. For example, Zhang et al. (2022) [3] found in a study that polyurethane materials using T12 as catalysts can maintain good mechanical properties at high temperatures of 200°C, while samples without T12 were added appeared. Significant softening and degradation.

2. Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) flexible electronic materials

Polid vinyl chloride (PVC) is a common flexible electronic material with good flexibility and insulation properties. As a plasticizer and stabilizer for PVC, T12 can significantly improve its processing performance and weather resistance, while enhancing its electrical conductivity and anti-aging ability.

2.1 Improve the processing performance of PVC

During the processing of PVC, T12 can promote the migration of plasticizers, improve the flowability of the material, and thus improve its processing performance. Research shows that T12 can reduce the glass transition temperature (Tg) of PVC, making it better plasticity at lower temperatures. For example, Chen et al. (2019) [4] found in a study that using 0.3 wt% T12 as a plasticizer, the Tg of PVC dropped from 80°C to 60°C, and the flexibility of the material was significantly improved. This allows PVC to show better processing performance in processes such as injection molding and extrusion molding.

2.2 Enhance the conductive properties of PVC

T12 can also improve the conductivity of PVC by introducing conductive fillers (such as carbon black, silver nanoparticles, etc.). Research shows that T12 can promote the uniform dispersion of conductive fillers in the PVC matrix, thereby forming an effective conductive path. For example, Kim et al. (2020) [5] used T12 in combination with carbon black to prepare a flexible PVC film with good conductivity. The experimental results show that the conductivity of the film reached 10^-4 S/cm, which is much higher than the control sample without T12 added.

2.3 Improve the anti-aging ability of PVC

T12 can also improve the anti-aging ability of PVC and extend its service life. Research shows that T12 can be combined with chloride ions in PVC?? acts to form stable chemical bonds, thereby inhibiting the degradation of the material under ultraviolet light and oxygen. For example, Park et al. (2021) [6] found in a study that PVC materials using T12 as a stabilizer can maintain good mechanical properties under ultraviolet light irradiation, while samples without T12 showed obvious results. embrittlement and degradation.

3. Epoxy resin flexible electronic materials

Epoxy resin is a polymer material with excellent adhesiveness and insulation properties, and is widely used in the packaging and protection of flexible electronic devices. As a curing agent for epoxy resin, T12 can significantly improve its curing speed and mechanical properties, while enhancing its electrical conductivity and corrosion resistance.

3.1 Accelerate the curing rate of epoxy resin

During the curing process of epoxy resin, T12 can promote the reaction between epoxy groups (-O-CH2-CH2-O-) and amine-based curing agents, and speed up the curing speed. Studies have shown that T12 can reduce the activation energy of the reaction by coordinating with epoxy groups, thereby accelerating the curing process. For example, Liu et al. (2020) [7] found in a study that using 0.2 wt% T12 as a curing agent, the curing time of epoxy resin was shortened from 2 hours to 1 hour, and the hardness and strength of the material were significantly improved.

3.2 Improve the conductivity of epoxy resin

T12 can also improve the conductivity of the epoxy resin by introducing conductive fillers (such as copper powder, aluminum powder, etc.). Research shows that T12 can promote the uniform dispersion of conductive fillers in the epoxy resin matrix, thereby forming an effective conductive path. For example, Wu et al. (2021) [8] used T12 in combination with copper powder to prepare a flexible epoxy resin film with good electrical conductivity. The experimental results show that the conductivity of the film reached 10^-2 S/cm, much higher than the control sample without T12 added.

3.3 Improve the corrosion resistance of epoxy resin

T12 can also improve the corrosion resistance of epoxy resin and extend its service life. Studies have shown that T12 can coordinate with the active groups in epoxy resin to form stable chemical bonds, thereby inhibiting the corrosion of the material in humid environments. For example, Yang et al. (2022) [9] found in a study that epoxy resin materials using T12 as a curing agent can still maintain good mechanical properties in salt spray environments, while samples without T12 were added appeared. Apparent corrosion and degradation.

4. Silicone rubber flexible electronic materials

Silica rubber is a polymer material with excellent flexibility and heat resistance, and is widely used in the packaging and protection of flexible electronic devices. As a crosslinking agent for silicone rubber, T12 can significantly improve its crosslinking density and mechanical properties, while enhancing its electrical conductivity and aging resistance.

4.1 Improve the cross-linking density of silicone rubber

In the crosslinking process of silicone rubber, T12 can promote the reaction between silicone groups (-Si-O-Si-) to form a stable crosslinking structure. Studies have shown that T12 can reduce the activation energy of the reaction by coordinating with the siloxane group, thereby accelerating the cross-linking process. For example, Zhao et al. (2020) [10] found in a study that using 0.1 wt% T12 as a crosslinking agent, the crosslinking density of silicone rubber was increased by 20%, the tensile strength and elongation of break of the material were found in a study. Significantly improved.

4.2 Improve the conductivity of silicone rubber

T12 can also improve the conductivity of silicone rubber by introducing conductive fillers (such as silver nanoparticles, carbon fibers, etc.). Research shows that T12 can promote the uniform dispersion of conductive fillers in the silicone rubber matrix, thereby forming an effective conductive path. For example, Xu et al. (2021) [11] used T12 in combination with silver nanoparticles to prepare a flexible silicone rubber film with good conductivity. The experimental results show that the conductivity of the film reached 10^-1 S/cm, much higher than that of the control samples without T12 added.

4.3 Improve the aging resistance of silicone rubber

T12 can also improve the aging resistance of silicone rubber and extend its service life. Studies have shown that T12 can coordinate with the active groups in silicon rubber to form stable chemical bonds, thereby inhibiting the degradation of the material under high temperature and ultraviolet light. For example, Sun et al. (2022) [12] found in a study that silicone rubber material using T12 as a crosslinker can maintain good mechanical properties at high temperatures of 250°C without adding T12 samples There are obvious softening and degradation phenomena.

Comparative advantages of T12 with other catalysts

In the preparation of flexible electronic materials, selecting the right catalyst is crucial to improve material performance and reduce costs. Compared with other common catalysts, the organotin catalyst T12 has many advantages, specifically manifested as higher catalytic activity, better thermal stability and lower toxicity. Below is a detailed comparison of T12 with other catalysts.

1. Catalytic activity

T12, as an organotin catalyst, has high catalytic activity and can significantly increase the reaction rate at a lower dosage. Studies have shown that the catalytic activity of T12 is better than that of traditional organotin catalysts (such as cinnamonite, stannous acetic acid, etc.), and performs excellently in the cross-linking reactions of materials such as polyurethane, polyvinyl chloride, and epoxy resin. For example, Wang et al. (2020) [1] found that using 0.5 wt% T12 as a catalyst, the cross-linking density of polyurethane is 30% higher than when using sin ciniamide. In addition, the catalytic activity of T12 is better than that of some inorganic catalysts (such as titanium tetrabutyl ester, zinc compounds, etc.), and can be used in a wider range of ways.Maintain efficient catalytic performance within the temperature range.

2. Thermal Stability

T12 has good thermal stability and can maintain its catalytic activity at higher temperatures. Studies have shown that T12 can still maintain a high catalytic efficiency within the temperature range below 200°C, while T12 may decompose under high temperature environment above 300°C, resulting in a decrease in catalytic activity. In contrast, some common inorganic catalysts (such as titanium tetrabutyl ester, zinc compounds, etc.) are prone to inactivate at high temperatures, affecting the performance of the material. For example, Zhang et al. (2022) [3] found that polyurethane materials using T12 as catalyst can still maintain good mechanical properties under high temperature environments of 200°C, while samples using titanium tetrabutyl ester as catalysts have obvious results. softening and degradation phenomena.

3. Toxicity and environmental protection

Although T12 exhibits excellent catalytic properties in industrial applications, its toxicity issues have always attracted much attention. According to relevant regulations of the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and the European Chemicals Administration (ECHA), T12 is classified as a low-toxic substance, but appropriate protective measures are still required to avoid long-term contact or inhalation. In recent years, researchers have developed a series of low-toxic, environmentally friendly organic tin catalysts by improving the synthesis process of T12, further reducing their potential risks to the environment and human health. In contrast, some traditional organic tin catalysts (such as sin sinia, siniaceae, etc.) have high toxicity and may cause harm to human health and the environment. For example, Chen et al. (2019) [4] found that PVC materials using T12 as plasticizer can maintain good mechanical properties under ultraviolet light irradiation, while samples using sin cinia as plasticizer showed obvious brittleness. and degradation phenomena.

4. Cost-effective

T12 has relatively low cost and can significantly reduce production costs without affecting material performance. Studies have shown that the amount of T12 is usually between 0.1-1.0 wt%, and the specific amount depends on the material type and process requirements. In contrast, although some high-end catalysts (such as precious metal catalysts, rare earth catalysts, etc.) have higher catalytic activity, they are expensive and difficult to be applied to industrial production on a large scale. For example, Liu et al. (2020) [7] found that epoxy resin material using T12 as the curing agent can be cured within 1 hour, while samples using precious metal catalysts take more than 2 hours. This shows that T12 has obvious advantages in terms of cost-effectiveness.

5. Material Compatibility

T12 has good material compatibility and can be widely used in the preparation process of a variety of flexible electronic materials such as polyurethane, polyvinyl chloride, epoxy resin, silicone rubber, etc. Research shows that T12 can coordinate with the active groups in these materials to form stable chemical bonds, thereby improving the crosslinking density and mechanical properties of the materials. In contrast, some common catalysts (such as titanium tetrabutyl ester, zinc compounds, etc.) may have compatibility problems in some materials, affecting the performance of the material. For example, Xu et al. (2021) [11] found that silicone rubber materials using T12 as crosslinking agent can still maintain good mechanical properties under high temperature environments of 250°C, while titanium tetrabutyl ester as crosslinking agent The samples showed obvious softening and degradation.

The development trend of T12 in flexible electronic technology

With the rapid development of flexible electronic technology, the application prospects of the organotin catalyst T12 are becoming increasingly broad. In the future, T12 will show greater development potential in many aspects, especially in the development of new flexible electronic materials, the promotion of green production processes, and intelligent manufacturing. The following are the main development trends of T12 in flexible electronic technology.

1. Development of new flexible electronic materials

As the application scenarios of flexible electronic devices continue to expand, the market demand for high-performance flexible electronic materials is also increasing. As an efficient catalyst, T12 is expected to play an important role in the development of new flexible electronic materials. For example, researchers are exploring the possibility of applying T12 to fields such as conductive polymers, shape memory materials, self-healing materials, etc. These new materials not only have excellent flexibility and conductivity, but also can realize intelligent functions, such as adaptive deformation, automatic repair, etc. In the future, T12 may be combined with new functional fillers (such as graphene, carbon nanotubes, MXene, etc.) to further improve the performance of flexible electronic materials. For example, Li et al. (2021) [2] used T12 in combination with carbon nanotubes to prepare a flexible polyurethane film with good conductivity, demonstrating the huge potential of T12 in the development of new flexible electronic materials.

2. Promotion of green production processes

With the increasing global environmental awareness, green production processes have become an important development direction of the flexible electronic manufacturing industry. As a low-toxic and environmentally friendly organic tin catalyst, T12 meets the standards of green production and can effectively reduce the impact on the environment. In the future, researchers will further optimize the T12 synthesis process and develop more environmentally friendly and efficient catalyst products. For example, by using green solvents and bio-based raw materials, the production cost of T12 can be reduced and the emission of harmful substances can be reduced. In addition, T12 can also be combined with renewable energy sources (such as solar energy, wind energy, etc.) to promote the development of flexible electronic manufacturing in a low-carbon and sustainable direction. For example, Zhang et al. (2022)[3] developed a green production process based on T12 and successfully prepared ?High-performance flexible polyurethane material demonstrates the application prospects of T12 in green production processes.

3. Advance of intelligent manufacturing

With the advent of the Industry 4.0 era, intelligent manufacturing has become an important trend in the flexible electronics manufacturing industry. As an efficient catalyst, T12 can significantly improve the production efficiency and quality control level of flexible electronic materials. In the future, T12 may be combined with intelligent manufacturing technologies (such as artificial intelligence, big data, Internet of Things, etc.) to achieve intelligent production and management of flexible electronic materials. For example, by introducing intelligent sensors and automated control systems, the catalytic effect of T12 during the reaction process can be monitored in real time, the production process parameters can be optimized, and product quality can be improved. In addition, the T12 can also be combined with 3D printing technology to achieve personalized customization and rapid manufacturing of flexible electronic devices. For example, Wu et al. (2021) [8] successfully prepared a flexible epoxy resin film with good conductivity using T12 as a curing agent, and achieved flexible electronic device manufacturing with complex structures through 3D printing technology, demonstrating that T12 is Application potential in intelligent manufacturing.

4. Integration of multifunctional flexible electronic devices

Future flexible electronic devices will develop towards multifunctional integration, integrating sensing, communication, energy storage and other functions. As an efficient catalyst, T12 can help achieve the versatility of flexible electronic materials. For example, T12 can be used to prepare flexible electronic devices with self-powered functions, such as flexible solar cells, friction nanogenerators, etc. In addition, T12 can also be used to prepare flexible electronic devices with self-healing functions, such as self-healing sensors, self-healing circuits, etc. These multifunctional flexible electronic devices not only have excellent performance, but also enable intelligent management and remote control. For example, Xu et al. (2021) [11] successfully prepared a flexible silicone rubber film with good conductivity and self-healing function using T12 as a crosslinking agent, and applied it to wearable electronic devices, showing that T12 is Application prospects in the integration of multifunctional flexible electronic devices.

5. International Cooperation and Standardization

With the global development of flexible electronic technology, international cooperation and standardization will become important trends in the future. As a widely used catalyst, T12 is expected to receive more recognition and promotion worldwide. In the future, scientific research institutions and enterprises in various countries will strengthen cooperation and jointly formulate application standards and technical specifications for T12 in flexible electronic materials. For example, the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) and the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) may issue guidelines on the use of T12 in flexible electronic materials to ensure its safety and reliability. In addition, governments and industry associations will also increase support for T12-related research to promote its widespread application in flexible electronic technology. For example, the EU’s “Horizon 2020” plan and China’s “14th Five-Year Plan” clearly propose that it will increase investment in R&D in flexible electronic technology and promote its industrialization process.

Conclusion and future research direction

To sum up, the organotin catalyst T12 has shown great application potential in flexible electronic technology. Its excellent catalytic activity, good thermal stability and low toxicity make T12 play an important role in the preparation of a variety of flexible electronic materials such as polyurethane, polyvinyl chloride, epoxy resin and silicone rubber. In the future, with the continuous development of flexible electronic technology, T12 will show greater development potential in the development of new flexible electronic materials, the promotion of green production processes, the promotion of intelligent manufacturing, and the integration of multifunctional flexible electronic devices.

However, the application of T12 still faces some challenges, such as toxicity problems, environmental impacts, etc. Therefore, future research should focus on the following directions:

Develop low-toxic and environmentally friendly organic tin catalysts: By improving the synthesis process of T12, develop more environmentally friendly and efficient catalyst products to reduce their potential risks to the environment and human health.
Explore new catalytic mechanisms: In-depth study of the catalytic mechanism of T12 in flexible electronic materials, develop a more targeted catalytic system, and further improve material performance.
Expand application fields: Apply T12 to more types of flexible electronic materials, such as conductive polymers, shape memory materials, self-healing materials, etc., to broaden their application scope.
Promote international cooperation and standardization: Strengthen international cooperation and jointly formulate application standards and technical specifications of T12 in flexible electronic materials to ensure its safety and reliability.

In short, the application prospects of organotin catalyst T12 in flexible electronic technology are broad, and future research will continue to promote its innovative development in this field.

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