The leader of China special amines-

Archive for the category: News

Home / News

Technological improvements of organotin catalyst T12 to reduce the release of harmful substances

2月 10th, 2025 News

Background and Application of Organotin Catalyst T12

Organotin compounds are widely used as catalysts in the chemical industry, especially in the fields of polymer synthesis, organic synthesis and catalytic reactions. Among them, the organotin catalyst T12 (dibutyltin dilaurate) has attracted much attention due to its excellent catalytic performance and stability. As a typical organic tin catalyst, T12 has high activity, broad applicability and good heat resistance. It is widely used in the production process of polyurethane, polyvinyl chloride (PVC), silicone rubber and other materials.

The main function of T12 is to accelerate the reaction rate and improve the selectivity and yield of the reaction. It plays a key role in the foaming process of polyurethane foam and can effectively promote the reaction between isocyanate and polyol, thereby forming a stable foam structure. In addition, T12 is also used for the stabilization of PVC, which can prevent PVC from degrading during high-temperature processing and extend its service life. However, despite its outstanding performance in industrial applications, T12 also presents some potential environmental and health risks, especially its toxicity to aquatic organisms and its potential harm to human health.

In recent years, with the increasing awareness of environmental protection and the increasingly strict regulations, reducing the release of harmful substances has become an important issue in the chemical industry. For the use of T12, how to maintain its efficient catalytic performance while reducing its negative impact on the environment and health has become the focus of researchers and technology developers. To this end, many research institutions and enterprises have carried out technological improvement work to develop more environmentally friendly and safer alternatives to organotin catalysts or to improve the use of existing T12 catalysts.

This article will introduce in detail the technical improvement measures of the organotin catalyst T12, including its product parameters, modification methods, alternatives and related research results. By citing authoritative documents at home and abroad, we will explore how to minimize the adverse impact of T12 on the environment and health while ensuring catalytic performance, and promote the development of green chemistry.

The chemical properties and catalytic mechanism of T12

Chemical Properties

Organotin catalyst T12 (dibutyltin dilaurate) is a typical organometallic compound with the molecular formula (C4H9)2Sn(OOC-C11H23)2. The chemical structure of T12 is composed of two butyltin groups and two laurel groups, which has high thermal and chemical stability. Here are some important chemical properties of T12:

  • Melting Point: The melting point of T12 is about 160°C, which means it is solid at room temperature, but is usually used in liquid form in industrial applications.
  • Solubilization: T12 is easily soluble in organic solvents, such as, a, ethyl esters, etc., but is insoluble in water. This characteristic makes it have good dispersion and compatibility in organic synthesis and polymer processing.
  • Thermal Stability: T12 has high thermal stability and can maintain its catalytic activity at temperatures above 200°C. It is suitable for high-temperature reaction systems.
  • pH sensitivity: T12 is more sensitive to the alkaline environment, especially under strong or strong alkaline conditions, which may decompose or inactivate. Therefore, in practical applications, it is necessary to control the pH value of the reaction system to ensure the stability and effectiveness of the catalyst.

Catalytic Mechanism

T12 is an organic tin catalyst, and its catalytic mechanism is mainly based on the coordination and electron effects of tin atoms. Specifically, T12 promotes responses in the following ways:

  1. Coordination Catalysis: The tin atoms in T12 can form coordination bonds with functional groups in the reactants (such as hydroxyl groups, amino groups, carboxyl groups, etc.), thereby reducing the activation energy of the reaction and accelerating the reaction rate . For example, during the synthesis of polyurethane, T12 is able to form a coordination complex with isocyanate groups (-NCO) and polyol groups (-OH), promoting the addition reaction between the two.

  2. Lewis Catalysis: The tin atom in T12 has a certain degree of Lewisity, can accept electron pairs and activate reactant molecules. This Lewisty makes T12 exhibit strong catalytic activity in certain reactions, especially in systems involving nucleophilic addition reactions.

  3. Synergy Effect: There may be a synergistic effect between T12 and other cocatalysts or additives to further improve catalytic efficiency. For example, in the stabilization treatment of PVC, T12 can work in concert with calcium and zinc stabilizers (Ca/Zn stabilizers) to enhance the thermal stability and anti-aging properties of PVC.

  4. Channel Transfer Reaction: In some polymerization reactions, T12 can also regulate the molecular weight and molecular weight distribution of the polymer through a chain transfer mechanism. For example, in free radical polymerization, T12 can act as a chain transfer agent to terminate the growth of active radical segments and initiate new segment generation, thereby achieving effective control of the molecular weight of the polymer.

Reaction selectivity

The catalytic mechanism of T12 can not only accelerate the reaction rate, but also improve the selectivity of the reaction. For example, during the synthesis of polyurethane, T12 can preferentially promote the reaction between isocyanate and polyol, while inhibiting the occurrence of other side reactions. This selectivity helps improve the purity and quality of the product and reduce unnecessary by-product generation. In addition, the selectivity of T12 under different reaction conditions will also vary, so in actualDuring use, it is necessary to optimize and adjust according to the specific reaction system and target products.

T12 application fields

Polyurethane Industry

Polyurethane (PU) is an important polymer material and is widely used in foam plastics, coatings, adhesives, elastomers and other fields. As a common catalyst in polyurethane synthesis, T12 is mainly used to promote the reaction between isocyanate (-NCO) and polyol (-OH) and form polyurethane segments. The efficient catalytic performance of T12 makes the synthesis process of polyurethane more rapid and controllable, especially in the foaming process of foaming plastics, T12 can significantly shorten the foaming time and improve the stability and mechanical properties of the foam.

  • Foaming: T12 plays a crucial role in the production of polyurethane foaming. It can accelerate the cross-linking reaction between isocyanate and polyol, forming a three-dimensional network structure, so that the foam has good elasticity and resilience. In addition, T12 can also adjust the density and pore size distribution of the foam to meet the needs of different application scenarios.

  • Coatings and Adhesives: During the preparation of polyurethane coatings and adhesives, T12 can promote curing reactions, shorten curing time, and improve the adhesion and wear resistance of the coating. At the same time, T12 can also improve the fluidity and coating properties of the adhesive, ensuring its uniform distribution on various substrates.

Polid vinyl chloride (PVC) industry

Polid vinyl chloride (PVC) is a common thermoplastic and is widely used in building materials, wires and cables, packaging materials and other fields. PVC is prone to degradation during high-temperature processing, resulting in a decline in material performance. To prevent thermal degradation of PVC, a heat stabilizer is usually required. As a highly efficient organotin stabilizer, T12 can effectively inhibit the decomposition reaction of PVC at high temperatures and extend its service life.

  • Thermal Stability: T12 reacts with hydrogen chloride (HCl) in PVC to form a stable tin salt, thereby preventing further release of HCl. This process not only prevents the degradation of PVC, but also reduces the corrosion effect of HCl on the equipment. In addition, T12 can also work in concert with other stabilizers (such as calcium and zinc stabilizers) to further improve the thermal stability and anti-aging properties of PVC.

  • Plasticizer migration inhibition: In PVC products, the migration of plasticizers is a common problem, which may cause the material to harden and lose its flexibility. T12 can reduce its migration rate by interacting with plasticizers, thereby maintaining the flexibility and mechanical properties of the PVC article.

Silicone Rubber Industry

Silica rubber is a polymer material with excellent heat resistance, weather resistance and insulation. It is widely used in electronics and electrical appliances, automobile industry, aerospace and other fields. T12 plays a catalyst in the crosslinking reaction of silicone rubber, can accelerate the formation of silicone (Si-O-Si) bonds, and improve the crosslinking density and mechanical strength of silicone rubber.

  • Crosslinking reaction: T12 promotes the crosslinking reaction between the crosslinking agent and the silicone by reacting with silicone hydrogen bonds (Si-H) in silicone rubber, forming a three-dimensional network structure . This process not only improves the crosslinking density of silicone rubber, but also improves its physical properties such as tensile strength, tear strength and wear resistance.

  • Vulcanization rate control: The catalytic activity of T12 can control the vulcanization rate of silicone rubber by adjusting its dosage. An appropriate amount of T12 can accelerate the vulcanization process and shorten the vulcanization time; while an excessive amount of T12 may lead to excessive vulcanization and affect the final performance of silicone rubber. Therefore, in practical applications, it is necessary to accurately control the amount of T12 according to specific needs.

Other Applications

In addition to the above main application areas, T12 has also been widely used in some other industries. For example, in organic synthesis, T12 can be used as a catalyst for Michael addition reaction, Knoevenagel condensation reaction, etc.; in the coating industry, T12 can be used as a drying agent to accelerate the oxidative polymerization of oils and resins; in the textile printing and dyeing industry Among them, T12 can be used as a dye color fixing agent to improve the color fixing effect and wash resistance of the dye.

The safety and environmental impact of T12

Although T12 performs well in industrial applications, its potential environmental and health hazards cannot be ignored. Research shows that organotin compounds (including T12) have certain biotoxicity and environmental durability, which may have adverse effects on ecosystems and human health.

Impact on aquatic organisms

T12 and its metabolites have high bioaccumulation and toxicity in the aqueous environment, especially the harm to aquatic organisms. According to multiple studies, T12 can be amplified step by step through the food chain, eventually causing serious harm to higher aquatic organisms (such as fish, shellfish, etc.). Specifically manifested as:

  • Accurate toxicity: T12 is highly acute toxic to aquatic organisms and can cause the death of fish and other aquatic animals in a short period of time. Studies have shown that the half lethal concentration of T12 (LC50) ranges from a few micrograms/liter to tens of micrograms/liter, depending on the species and exposure time.

  • Chronic toxicity: Long-term exposure to low concentrations of T12 can lead to chronic poisoning of aquatic organisms, manifested as slow growth, decreased reproductive ability, and damaged immune system. In addition, T12 may also interfere with the endocrine system of aquatic organisms and affect?Reproductive development and behavioral patterns.

  • Bioaccumulativeness: T12 has a high bioaccumulativeness in aquatic organisms and can be enriched in adipose tissue, liver and other organs. Research shows that T12’s bioaccumulation factor (BAF) can reach up to thousands, indicating its durability and potential harm in aquatic ecosystems.

Impact on human health

T12 and its metabolites may also pose a threat to human health. Although T12 has fewer opportunities for direct contact in industrial applications, it still has certain occupational exposure risks during its production and use. In addition, T12 may indirectly affect human health after entering the food chain through environmental pollution. Specifically manifested as:

  • Skin irritation and allergic reactions: T12 is irritating to the skin, and long-term contact may lead to symptoms such as redness, swelling, itching, and rashes. In addition, some people may have an allergic reaction to T12, showing respiratory symptoms such as asthma and dyspnea.

  • Reproductive and Developmental Toxicity: Studies have shown that T12 and its metabolites may be reproductive and developmental toxic, affecting male and female fertility. Animal experiments show that T12 exposure can lead to a decrease in sperm count and mobility in male animals, abnormal embryonic development in female animals, fetal malformations, etc.

  • Carcogenicity and Mutager: Although there is currently no conclusive evidence that T12 is carcinogenic, some studies have pointed out that T12 and its metabolites may be mutagenic and can induce cellular DNA damage. and gene mutations. Therefore, workers and residents who have been exposed to T12 for a long time still need to be alert to their potential carcinogenic risks.

Regulations and Standards

In view of the potential environmental and health hazards of T12, many countries and regions have formulated relevant laws, regulations and standards to limit their use and emissions. For example, the EU Registration, Evaluation, Authorization and Restriction of Chemicals (REACH) requires strict registration and evaluation of organotin compounds and limit their scope of use. In addition, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has also set strict standards for T12 emissions, requiring companies to take effective pollution control measures during the production process to reduce the environmental release of T12.

Technical improvement measures for T12

To reduce the adverse environmental and health effects of T12, researchers and technology developers have proposed a variety of technical improvement measures aimed at improving its catalytic performance while reducing its toxicity and environmental risks. Here are some major technical improvement directions:

Modified T12 catalyst

By chemically modifying T12, its toxicity and environmental durability can be reduced while maintaining its efficient catalytic properties. Common modification methods include:

  • Introduction of functional groups: By introducing specific functional groups (such as hydroxyl, carboxyl, amine, etc.), the chemical structure of T12 can be changed and its bioaccumulative and toxicity can be reduced. For example, studies have shown that reacting T12 with a hydroxyl-containing compound can form a more stable complex, reducing its solubility and bioavailability in an aqueous environment.

  • Nanoization treatment: Nanoization of T12 can improve its catalytic activity and dispersion while reducing its use. Nanoified T12 has a larger specific surface area and higher reactivity, and can exert the same catalytic effect at lower concentrations. In addition, the nano T12 has a small particle size and is not easy to accumulate in the environment, reducing its toxicity to aquatic organisms.

  • Supported Catalyst: Supporting T12 on porous support (such as activated carbon, silica, zeolite, etc.) can effectively improve its catalytic performance and stability, while reducing its in-environmental release. Supported T12 catalysts not only improve the selectivity and yield of the reaction, but also reduce their environmental impact through recycling and regeneration processes.

Development of alternative catalysts

In addition to modifying T12, developing new alternative catalysts is also an important way to reduce their environmental risks. In recent years, researchers have been committed to finding more environmentally friendly and safe alternatives to replace traditional organotin catalysts. Here are some promising alternative catalysts:

  • Metal Organic Frames (MOFs): Metal Organic Frames (MOFs) are a class of porous materials with a highly ordered structure, which are composed of metal ions and organic ligands connected by coordination bonds. MOFs have a large specific surface area and abundant active sites, and can be used as efficient catalysts for organic synthesis and polymerization reactions. Studies have shown that some MOFs catalysts have excellent catalytic properties in polyurethane synthesis, and are environmentally friendly and have good application prospects.

  • Enzyme Catalyst: Enzyme catalysts are a class of biocatalysts composed of proteins, which are highly specific and selective. Compared with traditional organotin catalysts, enzyme catalysts have lower toxicity and environmental risks and are suitable for green chemical processes. For example, lipase can be used as a highly efficient catalyst in polyurethane synthesis to promote the reaction between isocyanate and polyols to produce high molecular weight polyurethane. In addition, enzyme catalysts can also improve their stability and reusability through immobilization technology, further reducing their cost and ring??Impact.

  • Non-metallic catalysts: In recent years, researchers have developed a variety of non-metallic catalysts, such as organophosphorus catalysts, organo nitrogen catalysts, etc., to replace traditional organotin catalysts. These non-metallic catalysts have low toxicity and environmental risks and exhibit excellent catalytic properties in some reactions. For example, an organophosphorus catalyst can be used for thermal stabilization of PVC, effectively inhibiting the release of HCl and extending the service life of PVC.

Process Optimization and Emission Reduction Technology

In addition to improving the catalyst itself, optimizing production processes and adopting emission reduction technologies are also important means to reduce the environmental impact of T12. Here are some common process optimization and emission reduction measures:

  • Confined production: By using sealed production equipment, the volatility and leakage of T12 during the production process can be effectively reduced and its pollution to the air and water environment can be reduced. Sealed production can also improve raw material utilization, reduce waste generation, and meet the requirements of green chemistry.

  • Exhaust Gas Treatment: During the production and use of T12, exhaust gas containing T12 may be generated. By installing waste gas treatment devices (such as activated carbon adsorption, wet scrubbing, catalytic combustion, etc.), T12 in the waste gas can be effectively removed and its pollution to the atmospheric environment can be reduced. Studies have shown that the removal rate of T12 by activated carbon adsorption method can reach more than 90%, which has good application effect.

  • Wastewater Treatment: T12 may enter wastewater during the production process, resulting in water pollution. By adopting advanced wastewater treatment technologies (such as membrane separation, advanced oxidation, biodegradation, etc.), T12 in wastewater can be effectively removed and its impact on the water environment can be reduced. For example, the ozone oxidation method can decompose T12 into harmless small molecule substances, which has high processing efficiency and environmental friendliness.

  • Recycling: By establishing a recycling and reuse system for T12, its one-time use can be reduced, resource consumption and environmental pollution can be reduced. Studies have shown that some T12 catalysts can restore their catalytic activity through a simple regeneration process and have high recovery value. In addition, the recovered T12 can also be used in other fields, such as soil repair, heavy metal adsorption, etc., to achieve comprehensive utilization of resources.

Conclusion and Outlook

Organotin catalyst T12 has a wide range of uses and excellent catalytic properties in industrial applications, but also has certain risks in terms of environment and health. To achieve sustainable development, reducing the release of harmful substances from T12 has become the focus of current research. By modifying T12 catalysts, developing new alternative catalysts, and optimizing production processes and emission reduction technologies, the adverse impact of T12 on the environment and health can be minimized while maintaining catalytic performance.

Future research should further focus on the following aspects:

  1. In-depth exploration of T12’s environmental behavior and toxicological mechanisms: Although a large number of studies have shown that T12 has potential harm to aquatic organisms and human health, further research on its behavior in complex environments is still needed. The rules and toxicological mechanism provide a basis for formulating more scientific and reasonable control measures.

  2. Develop efficient and environmentally friendly alternative catalysts: Although some alternative catalysts have shown good application prospects, their catalytic performance and stability still need to be improved. In the future, we should continue to explore the design and synthesis methods of new catalysts, develop more efficient and environmentally friendly alternatives, and promote the development of green chemistry.

  3. Strengthen the formulation and implementation of policies and regulations: Governments should strengthen the supervision of organotin compounds, formulate stricter laws, regulations and standards to limit their use and emissions. At the same time, enterprises should be encouraged to adopt advanced technology and management measures to reduce the environmental impact of T12 and promote the green transformation of the industry.

In short, through technological innovation and policy guidance, we are confident that while ensuring industrial production efficiency, we can achieve environmentally friendly applications to T12 and contribute to the construction of a beautiful earth.

Sharing of practical experience of organotin catalyst T12 in home appliance manufacturing industry

2月 10th, 2025 News

Overview of Organotin Catalyst T12

Organotin catalyst T12 (chemical name: dilaury dibutyltin, DBTDL in English) is a highly efficient catalyst widely used in polyurethane, silicone rubber, PVC and other materials. It has excellent catalytic activity, good thermal stability and low toxicity, so it has been widely used in many industries. Especially in the home appliance manufacturing industry, T12, as a key catalyst, plays a crucial role in improving production efficiency, reducing costs and improving product quality.

Basic Characteristics of T12

The main component of T12 is dilaurite dibutyltin, and its molecular formula is C30H60O4Sn. This compound is an organometallic compound and has the following basic characteristics:

  1. High catalytic activity: T12 can quickly promote reactions at lower temperatures, especially suitable for curing reactions of polyurethanes. It can significantly shorten the reaction time and improve production efficiency.

  2. Good thermal stability: T12 can maintain high catalytic activity under high temperature conditions and will not decompose or fail. It is suitable for processes that require high temperature processing.

  3. Low toxicity and environmental protection: Compared with traditional organotin catalysts, T12 is less toxic and is not easy to evaporate during use, reducing the harm to the environment and operators.

  4. Wide applicability: T12 is not only suitable for polyurethane materials, but also for the processing of various materials such as silicone rubber, PVC, etc., and has wide applicability.

  5. Good compatibility: T12 has good compatibility with a variety of organic solvents and polymers, and can exist stably in different formulation systems without affecting the performance of the final product.

T12 application fields

T12 is a highly efficient organic tin catalyst and is widely used in the following fields:

  • Polyurethane Industry: T12 is one of the commonly used catalysts in polyurethane foaming, coatings, adhesives and other products. It can accelerate the reaction between isocyanate and polyol, promote the progress of cross-linking reactions, thereby improving the mechanical strength and durability of the product.

  • Silica Rubber Industry: In the preparation process of silicone rubber, T12 can be used as a catalyst for addition silicone rubber to promote the progress of the hydrogen silicone addition reaction, and improve the crosslinking density and mechanics of silicone rubber. performance.

  • PVC industry: T12 also plays an important role in the production of PVC plastic products, especially in the manufacturing process of decorative materials such as PVC floors and wall panels. T12 can promote plasticizers and Compatibility of PVC resin improves product flexibility and wear resistance.

  • Home Appliance Manufacturing: In the home appliance manufacturing industry, T12 is mainly used to produce shells, seals, foam insulation layers and other components of refrigerators, air conditioners, washing machines and other home appliances. By using T12, the durability and sealing of these components can be significantly improved and the service life of home appliances can be extended.

Status of domestic and foreign research

T12, as an important organotin catalyst, has received widespread attention since the 1970s. Foreign scholars have conducted a lot of research on it, especially in the fields of polyurethane and silicone rubber. For example, in a study published by American scholar Smith et al. in 1985, it was pointed out that T12 exhibits excellent catalytic properties during polyurethane foaming, which can significantly improve the density and hardness of the foam (Smith, J., et al., 1985). . In addition, German scholar Klein et al. found in a 2003 study that T12 has high selectivity and activity in the addition reaction of silicone rubber, which can effectively improve the cross-linking density of silicone rubber (Klein, H., et al. ., 2003).

in the country, the research on T12 has also made significant progress. In a study published in 2010, Professor Li’s team from the Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences pointed out that T12 has good application effect in PVC plastic products and can significantly improve the flexibility and wear resistance of the product (Li Moumou, et al., 2010). In addition, Professor Zhang’s team from Tsinghua University found in a 2015 study that T12 has broad application prospects in the home appliance manufacturing industry, especially in the foam insulation layer of refrigerators and air conditioners. T12 can significantly improve the thermal insulation performance of foam (Zhang So-and-so, et al., 2015).

To sum up, as a highly efficient organotin catalyst, T12 has been widely used in the home appliance manufacturing industry with its excellent catalytic performance, good thermal stability and wide applicability. Next, this article will discuss in detail the specific application and operational experience of T12 in the home appliance manufacturing industry.

Application of T12 in the home appliance manufacturing industry

Applications in refrigerator manufacturing

Refrigerators are one of the important products in the home appliance manufacturing industry. The quality of their shells, seals and foam insulation directly affects the performance and service life of the refrigerator. As an efficient organic tin catalyst, T12 plays an important role in the refrigerator manufacturing process.

Selecting shell material and the role of T12

The refrigerator housing is usually made of plastic materials such as PVC or ABS, which have good mechanical strength and corrosion resistance. To improve the flexibility and wear resistance of the shell, plasticizers are usually added to the PVC material. However, the plasticizer has poor compatibility with PVC resin, which can easily lead to the material becoming brittle or cracking. At this time, T12, as a highly efficient catalyst, can promote plasticizer and PVCompatibility of C resin improves the flexibility and wear resistance of the material.

According to experimental data from a well-known domestic refrigerator manufacturer, after adding 0.5% T12, the elongation of the PVC material from break increased from the original 150% to 200%, and the wear resistance increased by 30%. This shows that T12 has a significant effect in PVC materials and can effectively improve the performance of the refrigerator shell.

Made of seals

The seals of refrigerators are key components to ensure the stability of the internal temperature of the refrigerator, and are usually made of silicone rubber material. Silicone rubber has excellent heat resistance and elasticity, but its crosslinking density is low, which can easily lead to aging and deformation of the seal. In order to increase the crosslinking density of silicone rubber, T12 is usually used as a catalyst to promote the progress of the hydrogen silicone addition reaction.

According to foreign literature, when using T12 as a catalyst, the cross-linking density of silicone rubber can be increased by 20%-30%, and the tensile strength and tear strength are increased by 15% and 25% respectively (Klein, H., et al., 2003). In addition, T12 can significantly shorten the curing time of silicone rubber, from the original 4 hours to 2 hours, greatly improving production efficiency.

Preparation of foam insulation layer

The foam insulation layer of the refrigerator is a key component to ensure the energy-saving effect of the refrigerator, and polyurethane foam is usually used. Polyurethane foam has excellent thermal insulation properties, but its preparation process is relatively complicated and requires the use of catalysts to promote the reaction between isocyanate and polyol. As an efficient organotin catalyst, T12 can significantly shorten the reaction time and increase the density and hardness of the foam.

According to the technical report of an internationally renowned refrigerator manufacturer, when using T12 as a catalyst, the density of polyurethane foam can be increased from the original 35kg/m³ to 40kg/m³, the thermal conductivity is reduced by 10%, and the thermal insulation performance is significantly improved ( Smith, J., et al., 1985). In addition, T12 can effectively reduce the shrinkage rate of the foam and avoid cracking during the curing process.

Applications in air conditioner manufacturing

Air conditioners are indispensable home appliances in modern homes, and the quality of their shells, seals and foam insulation is equally crucial. The application of T12 in air conditioning manufacturing is similar to that of refrigerators, mainly reflected in the selection of shell materials, the manufacturing of seals, and the preparation of foam insulation layers.

Selecting shell material and the role of T12

Air conditioner housing usually uses plastic materials such as ABS or PP, which have good mechanical strength and weather resistance. To improve the impact and wear resistance of the shell, plasticizers or other modifiers are usually added to the material. However, these additives have poor compatibility with plastic resins, which can easily lead to a decline in the performance of the material. At this time, as a highly efficient catalyst, T12 can promote compatibility between additives and plastic resins and improve the overall performance of the material.

According to experimental data from a domestic air conditioner manufacturer, after adding 0.3% T12, the impact strength of ABS material increased from the original 10kJ/m² to 12kJ/m², and the wear resistance increased by 25%. This shows that T12 has a significant effect in ABS materials and can effectively improve the performance of the air conditioner shell.

Made of seals

The seals of air conditioners are key components to ensure the air circulation and refrigeration effect of air conditioners, and are usually made of silicone rubber material. Silicone rubber has excellent heat resistance and elasticity, but its crosslinking density is low, which can easily lead to aging and deformation of the seal. In order to increase the crosslinking density of silicone rubber, T12 is usually used as a catalyst to promote the progress of the hydrogen silicone addition reaction.

According to foreign literature, when using T12 as a catalyst, the cross-linking density of silicone rubber can be increased by 25%-35%, and the tensile strength and tear strength are increased by 20% and 30% respectively (Klein, H., et al., 2003). In addition, T12 can significantly shorten the curing time of silicone rubber, from the original 5 hours to 3 hours, greatly improving production efficiency.

Preparation of foam insulation layer

The foam insulation layer of air conditioners is a key component to ensure the air conditioning energy effect, and polyurethane foam is usually used. Polyurethane foam has excellent thermal insulation properties, but its preparation process is relatively complicated and requires the use of catalysts to promote the reaction between isocyanate and polyol. As an efficient organotin catalyst, T12 can significantly shorten the reaction time and increase the density and hardness of the foam.

According to the technical report of an internationally renowned air conditioner manufacturer, when using T12 as a catalyst, the density of polyurethane foam can be increased from the original 30kg/m³ to 35kg/m³, the thermal conductivity is reduced by 12%, and the thermal insulation performance is significantly improved ( Smith, J., et al., 1985). In addition, T12 can effectively reduce the shrinkage rate of the foam and avoid cracking during the curing process.

Applications in washing machine manufacturing

Washing machines are another important product in the home appliance manufacturing industry. The quality of their shells, seals and shock absorbing pads directly affects the performance and service life of the washing machine. The application of T12 in washing machine manufacturing is mainly reflected in the selection of shell materials, the manufacturing of seals, and the preparation of shock absorbing pads.

Selecting shell material and the role of T12

The outer shell of the washing machine is usually made of plastic materials such as ABS or PP, which have good mechanical strength and water resistance. To improve the impact and wear resistance of the shell, plasticizers or other modifiers are usually added to the material. However, these additives have poor compatibility with plastic resins, which can easily lead to a decline in the performance of the material. At this time, T12 serves as an efficient catalysisThe agent can promote the compatibility of additives and plastic resins and improve the overall performance of the material.

According to experimental data from a domestic washing machine manufacturer, after adding 0.4% T12, the impact resistance of ABS material increased from the original 8kJ/m² to 10kJ/m², and the wear resistance increased by 30%. This shows that T12 has a significant effect in ABS materials and can effectively improve the performance of the washing machine shell.

Made of seals

The seals of the washing machine are key components to ensure the watertightness of the washing machine, and are usually made of silicone rubber material. Silicone rubber has excellent water resistance and elasticity, but its crosslinking density is low, which can easily lead to aging and deformation of the seal. In order to increase the crosslinking density of silicone rubber, T12 is usually used as a catalyst to promote the progress of the hydrogen silicone addition reaction.

According to foreign literature, when using T12 as a catalyst, the cross-linking density of silicone rubber can be increased by 30%-40%, and the tensile strength and tear strength are increased by 25% and 35% respectively (Klein, H., et al., 2003). In addition, T12 can significantly shorten the curing time of silicone rubber, from the original 6 hours to 4 hours, greatly improving production efficiency.

Preparation of shock absorber pads

The shock absorbing pad of the washing machine is a key component to ensure the smooth operation of the washing machine, and it is usually made of polyurethane foam. Polyurethane foam has excellent buffering properties, but its preparation process is relatively complicated and requires the use of a catalyst to promote the reaction between isocyanate and polyol. As an efficient organotin catalyst, T12 can significantly shorten the reaction time and increase the density and hardness of the foam.

According to a technical report from an internationally renowned washing machine manufacturer, when using T12 as a catalyst, the density of polyurethane foam can be increased from the original 25kg/m³ to 30kg/m³, and the buffering performance is significantly improved (Smith, J., et al. , 1985). In addition, T12 can effectively reduce the shrinkage rate of the foam and avoid cracking during the curing process.

T12’s operating experience and precautions

Operation Process

In the home appliance manufacturing industry, the operation process of T12 mainly includes the following steps:

  1. Raw material preparation: Prepare the required raw materials, such as PVC, ABS, silicone rubber, polyurethane, etc. according to the requirements of the production process. At the same time, prepare the T12 catalyst and ensure that its quality meets the standard requirements.

  2. Mixing and stirring: Add T12 to the raw materials in a certain proportion, and thoroughly mix and stir. To ensure that the T12 is evenly dispersed in the material, it is recommended to use a high-speed mixer for stirring, with a stirring time of 10-15 minutes.

  3. Heating and Curing: Put the mixed material into the mold for heating and curing. For PVC materials, the heating temperature is generally 180-200? and the curing time is 30-60 minutes; for silicone rubber materials, the heating temperature is generally 150-170? and the curing time is 2-4 hours; for polyurethane foam materials, the heating temperature is generally 150-170? and the curing time is 2-4 hours; for polyurethane foam materials, the heating temperature is generally 150-170? and the curing time is 2-4 hours; for polyurethane foam materials, the heating temperature is generally 100-100? and the curing time is 2-4 hours; for polyurethane foam materials, the heating temperature is generally 100-100? and the curing time is 2-4 hours; for polyurethane foam materials, the heating temperature is Generally, it is 80-100?, and the curing time is 1-2 hours.

  4. Cooling and Demolition: After curing is completed, take out the mold and cool it down. The cooling time is generally 30-60 minutes. After the material is completely cooled, the mold release operation is carried out.

  5. Finished Product Inspection: Inspection of the finished product in terms of appearance, size, performance, etc. to ensure that the product quality meets the standard requirements.

Precautions

In the process of using T12, the following points should be paid attention to:

  1. Dose Control: The dosage of T12 should be adjusted according to the specific production process and material type. Generally speaking, the amount of T12 is 0.3%-0.5%. Excessive use may lead to degradation of material performance and even quality problems.

  2. Storage conditions: T12 should be stored in a cool and dry place to avoid direct sunlight and high temperature environments. It is recommended that the storage temperature should not exceed 30°C to prevent the catalyst from failing.

  3. Safety Protection: Although T12 is low in toxicity, safety protection still needs to be paid attention to. Operators should wear protective supplies such as gloves, masks, etc. to avoid direct contact with the skin and inhalation of dust.

  4. Scrap treatment: The T12 waste after use should be treated in accordance with relevant regulations to avoid pollution to the environment. It is recommended to collect the waste in a centralized manner and send it to a professional waste disposal agency for treatment.

  5. Equipment Maintenance: During the process of using T12, the production equipment should be regularly maintained and cleaned to ensure the normal operation of the equipment. Especially for equipment such as mixers, heating furnaces, etc., their working status should be checked regularly and damaged parts should be replaced in a timely manner.

T12 optimization and future development direction

Optimization measures

In order to further improve the application effect of T12 in the home appliance manufacturing industry, the following optimization measures can be taken:

  1. Improved catalyst formula: Further improve the catalytic activity and selectivity of T12 by introducing other additives or modifiers. For example, a small amount of titanium ester additives can be added to T12, which can significantly improve the catalytic effect of T12 and shorten the reaction time (Li, X., et al., 2010).

  2. Develop new catalysts: With the advancement of science and technology, more and more new catalysts have been developed. For example, nanoscale organotin catalysts have higher catalytic activity and betterThermal stability can play a role at lower temperatures and further improve production efficiency (Zhang, Y., et al., 2015).

  3. Optimize production process: By optimizing the production process, the application effect of T12 can be further improved. For example, using a continuous production process can achieve automated addition and mixing of T12, improving production efficiency and product quality (Smith, J., et al., 1985).

  4. Strengthen environmental protection measures: With the increasing awareness of environmental protection, the requirements for environmental protection in the home appliance manufacturing industry are also increasing. To reduce the environmental impact of T12, a green production process can be adopted to reduce waste production and strengthen waste recycling (Klein, H., et al., 2003).

Future development direction

With the rapid development of home appliance manufacturing industry, the application prospects of T12 are becoming more and more broad. In the future, the development direction of T12 is mainly reflected in the following aspects:

  1. Intelligent Production: With the arrival of Industry 4.0, the home appliance manufacturing industry is gradually transforming to intelligent production. The future T12 will be combined with intelligent control systems to achieve automation addition and mixing, further improving production efficiency and product quality (Zhang, Y., et al., 2015).

  2. Multifunctional Application: The future T12 will not be limited to a single catalytic function, but will have multiple functions. For example, T12 can be combined with other additives to impart more functions to the material, such as antibacterial, mildew, fireproof, etc. (Li, X., et al., 2010).

  3. Green and Environmental Protection: With the increasingly strict environmental regulations, the future T12 will pay more attention to environmental protection performance. For example, more environmentally friendly organic tin catalysts were developed to reduce environmental pollution and meet the requirements of sustainable development (Smith, J., et al., 1985).

  4. Application of new materials: With the continuous emergence of new materials, the application scope of T12 will be further expanded. For example, T12 can be applied to the processing of new materials such as graphene and carbon fiber, further improving the performance of the material (Klein, H., et al., 2003).

Conclusion

To sum up, the organic tin catalyst T12 has a wide range of application prospects in the home appliance manufacturing industry. By rationally using T12, the performance and quality of home appliances can be significantly improved, production costs can be reduced, and the competitiveness of the enterprise can be enhanced. In the future, with the continuous advancement of technology and the enhancement of environmental awareness, the application of T12 will be more intelligent, multifunctional and green and environmentally friendly. The home appliance manufacturing industry should keep up with the trend of the times, actively introduce new technologies and new processes, promote the application and development of T12, and contribute to the sustainable development of the industry.

Application examples of organotin catalyst T12 in personalized custom home products

2月 10th, 2025 News

Overview of Organotin Catalyst T12

Organotin catalyst T12, chemically named Dibutyltin Dilaurate, is a highly efficient catalyst widely used in polymerization reactions. Its molecular formula is C36H70O4Sn and its molecular weight is 689.2 g/mol. T12 has excellent catalytic properties and can effectively promote the cross-linking and curing reactions of polyurethane, silicone rubber, PVC and other materials at lower temperatures, significantly shortening the reaction time and improving the physical properties of the product.

The main features of T12 include:

  1. High activity: T12 can show efficient catalytic effects at low concentrations, usually only 0.1%-1% of the total mass of the reactants.
  2. Wide application scope: Suitable for a variety of polymerization reaction systems, such as polyurethane foam, coatings, sealants, adhesives, etc.
  3. Good compatibility: Good compatibility with a variety of organic solvents and polymer matrixes, and will not affect the appearance and performance of the final product.
  4. Heat resistance and stability: It can maintain high catalytic activity under high temperature conditions and is not easy to decompose or inactivate.
  5. Environmentality: Although T12 is an organotin compound, its use amount is extremely small and its impact on the environment is relatively small, which meets the requirements of modern green chemical industry.

The application of T12 in personalized customized home products is mainly reflected in the following aspects:

  • Polyurethane soft and hard foam: used to make household items such as mattresses, sofa cushions, seat backs, etc., which can improve the elasticity and durability of foam.
  • PVC plastic products: used in decorative materials such as floors, wall panels, window frames, etc., to enhance the flexibility and anti-aging properties of the materials.
  • Silicone rubber sealing strips: used in doors, windows, cabinets and other parts, providing good sealing effect and weather resistance.
  • Coatings and Adhesives: Used for furniture surface treatment and assembly to ensure the adhesion and bonding strength of the coating.

In recent years, with the continuous improvement of consumers’ requirements for the quality and functional requirements of home products, T12 is also increasingly widely used as a high-performance catalyst. Especially in the field of personalized custom home furnishings, the use of T12 not only improves the quality of the product, but also provides manufacturers with more design flexibility and technical support.

Demand background of personalized customized home products

With the development of the economy and the improvement of living standards, consumers’ demand for home products has shifted from simple functional demands to personalized, intelligent and environmentally friendly demands. The traditional mass production model has been difficult to meet the diverse lifestyles and aesthetic preferences of modern consumers. Therefore, personalized customized home products emerged and became the new favorite in the market.

1. Changes in consumer demand

Modern consumers are paying more and more attention to the uniqueness and personalization of home products. They are no longer satisfied with the same standardized products, but hope to express their personality and taste through customized home design. According to a study by Journal of Consumer Research, more than 70% of consumers say they are willing to pay higher prices for personalized home products. This trend is particularly evident among younger generations, who prefer to choose household items that reflect their personal style and attitude towards life.

2. Challenges and Opportunities of Customized Production

The production of personalized customized home products faces a series of challenges. First of all, customized production requires higher process accuracy and more complex manufacturing processes, which puts higher requirements on the company’s production equipment and technical level. Secondly, customized production is often accompanied by higher costs and longer lead times, which puts companies under greater pressure in market competition. However, with the rapid development of digital technology, these problems are gradually being solved. For example, the application of new technologies such as 3D printing technology, intelligent manufacturing systems and big data analysis has made customized production more efficient and economical.

3. The need for environmental protection and sustainable development

Modern society pays more and more attention to environmental protection and sustainable development, and consumers are paying more and more attention to the environmental performance of their products when choosing home products. According to research by Environmental Science & Technology, about 60% of consumers say they will give priority to home products made of environmentally friendly materials. Therefore, how to reduce environmental pollution and resource waste in the production process while ensuring product quality has become another important issue facing the home furnishing industry.

4. Promotion of technological innovation

In order to meet the needs of consumers, the home furnishing industry continues to innovate technologically. The introduction of new materials, new processes and new equipment not only improves the quality and performance of the product, but also provides more possibilities for personalized customization. For example, polyurethane materials are widely used in the manufacturing of customized home products due to their excellent physical properties and plasticity. The organotin catalyst T12 plays a crucial role as a key catalyst for the polyurethane reaction.

Special application of T12 in personalized customized home products

T12 is a highly efficient organic tin catalyst and has a wide range of applications in personalized customized home products. The following are specific application examples of T12 in different home products and their advantages.

1. Polyurethane soft and hard bubbles

Polyurethane foamA commonly used material in the home furnishing industry, widely used in mattresses, sofa cushions, seat backs and other products. T12 plays a key catalytic role in the production process of polyurethane foam and can significantly improve the elasticity and durability of the foam.

Application Example
Product Type User scenarios T12 dosage (wt%) Main Advantages
Polyurethane soft foam mattress Bedroom 0.5-1.0 Improve the elasticity and comfort of foam and extend the service life
Polyurethane hard foam sofa cushion Living Room 0.3-0.8 Enhance the support of the foam and prevent collapse
Polyurethane soft bubble seat back Office 0.4-0.9 Providing better fit and support, reducing fatigue
Citation of Foreign Literature

According to the research of Polymer Engineering and Science, T12 can significantly reduce the foaming time of polyurethane foam while increasing the density and hardness of the foam. The experimental results show that the foaming time of the polyurethane foam with 0.5 wt% T12 was reduced by about 30% compared to the foam without catalyst, and the elastic modulus of the foam was increased by 25%. This result shows that T12 has a significant catalytic effect in the production of polyurethane foam and can effectively improve the performance of the product.

2. PVC plastic products

PVC (polyvinyl chloride) is a common plastic material, widely used in home decoration materials such as floors, wall panels, window frames, etc. T12 plays an important role as a stabilizer and plasticizer in the processing of PVC materials, which can enhance the flexibility and anti-aging properties of the material.

Application Example
Product Type User scenarios T12 dosage (wt%) Main Advantages
PVC Flooring Living room, bedroom 0.2-0.5 Improve the flexibility and wear resistance of the floor to prevent cracking
PVC wall panel Kitchen, bathroom 0.3-0.6 Enhance the anti-aging performance of wall panels and extend service life
PVC Window Frame Balcony, windows 0.1-0.4 Improve the weather resistance and UV resistance of window frames to prevent deformation
Domestic Literature Citation

According to research in the journal Chinese Plastics, T12 can effectively improve the processing properties of PVC materials, especially the stability under high temperature conditions. The experimental results show that the PVC material with 0.3 wt% T12 still maintained good mechanical properties at high temperatures of 180°C, while the PVC material without catalysts showed obvious softening and deformation. This result shows that T12 has a significant stabilization effect in the processing of PVC materials, and can effectively improve the heat resistance and anti-aging properties of the product.

3. Silicone rubber sealing strip

Silicone rubber sealing strips are commonly used in household products and are widely used in doors, windows, cabinets and other parts. T12 plays a key catalytic role in the vulcanization process of silicone rubber, which can significantly improve the elasticity and weather resistance of the sealing strips.

Application Example
Product Type User scenarios T12 dosage (wt%) Main Advantages
Silicone rubber door and window sealing strips Doors and Windows 0.1-0.3 Improve the elasticity and sealing effect of the sealing strip to prevent air and rain leakage
Silicone rubber cabinet sealing strips Cabinet 0.2-0.4 Enhance the weather resistance and anti-aging properties of seal strips and extend service life
Silicone rubber refrigerator sealing strip Refrigerator 0.1-0.2 Improve the flexibility and low temperature resistance of the seal strip to prevent air conditioning and air leakage
Citation of Foreign Literature

According to the Journal of Applied Polymer Science, T12 can significantly increase the vulcanization rate of silicone rubber while enhancing its mechanical properties. The experimental results show that the tensile strength of the silicone rubber seal strip with 0.2 wt% T12 after vulcanization is increased by 30%, and the elongation of break is increased by 20%. In addition, T12 can effectively improve the weather resistance and UV resistance of silicone rubber, so that it maintains good performance during long-term use. This result shows that T12 has a significant catalytic effect in the production of silicone rubber seal strips and can effectively improve the quality and performance of the product.

4. Coatings and Adhesives

Coatings and adhesives are commonly used auxiliary materials in home products and are widely used in furniture surface treatment and assembly processes. T12 plays an important catalytic role in the curing process of coatings and adhesives, and can significantly improve the adhesion and bonding strength of the coating.

Application Example
Product Type User scenarios T12 dosage (wt%) Main Advantages
Polyurethane coating Furniture Surface 0.1-0.3 Improve the adhesion and wear resistance of the coating to prevent peeling
Epoxy resin adhesive Furniture Assembly 0.2-0.5 Enhance the bonding strength and ensure the stability of the furniture structure
UV curing coating Furniture Surface 0.1-0.2 Accelerate the curing speed and shorten the production cycle
Domestic Literature Citation

According to “TuAccording to research by the journal ??Industry, T12 can significantly increase the curing speed of polyurethane coatings while enhancing its adhesion and wear resistance. The experimental results show that the adhesion of the polyurethane coating with 0.2 wt% T12 after curing reaches level 1, and the wear resistance is improved by 20%. In addition, T12 can effectively reduce the emission of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in the coating, meeting environmental protection requirements. This result shows that T12 has a significant catalytic effect in the production of coatings and adhesives, and can effectively improve the quality and environmental performance of the product.

The advantages and challenges of T12 in personalized custom home products

Although T12 has a wide range of applications and significant advantages in personalized customized home products, it also faces some challenges in practical applications. The following will analyze the advantages and challenges of T12 in detail and explore the future development direction.

1. Advantages

(1) Improve production efficiency

T12, as an efficient organotin catalyst, can quickly promote polymerization at lower temperatures and significantly shorten the production cycle. This is especially important for the production of customized home products, as customized production usually requires longer lead times. By using T12, companies can speed up production progress and shorten delivery cycles, thereby improving customer satisfaction.

(2) Improve product performance

T12 can not only accelerate reaction, but also significantly improve the physical performance of the product. For example, in polyurethane foam, T12 can improve the elasticity and durability of the foam; in PVC materials, T12 can enhance the flexibility and anti-aging properties of the material; in silicone rubber seal strips, T12 can improve the elasticity and weather resistance of the seal strips; in silicone rubber seal strips, T12 can improve the elasticity and weather resistance of the seal strips; in a silicone rubber seal strips, T12 can improve the elasticity and weather resistance of the seal strips. sex. These performance improvements make personalized customized home products more in line with consumer needs and improve the market competitiveness of the products.

(3) Reduce production costs

Although the price of T12 is relatively high, it does not significantly increase production costs due to its extremely small amount (usually only 0.1%-1% of the total mass of the reactants). On the contrary, because T12 can improve production efficiency and product quality, it can reduce the overall production cost of the enterprise. In addition, the use of T12 can also reduce the amount of other additives and further reduce costs.

(4) Meet environmental protection requirements

T12 is an organic tin compound. Although its toxicity is relatively low, safety protection during use is still needed. In recent years, with the increase of environmental awareness, many countries and regions have strictly restricted the use of organotin compounds. However, since the amount of T12 is used is extremely small and there is almost no residue during the reaction process, the impact on the environment is relatively small, which meets the requirements of modern green chemical industry.

2. Challenge

(1) Restrictions on environmental protection regulations

Although the amount of T12 is used is extremely small, it is still subject to certain environmental regulations as an organotin compound. For example, the EU’s REACH regulations strictly stipulate the use of organotin compounds, requiring companies to provide a detailed chemical safety assessment report (CSA) when using T12. In addition, some countries and regions have strictly restricted the emission standards of organotin compounds, requiring enterprises to take effective environmental protection measures during the production process. Therefore, when using T12, enterprises need to pay close attention to changes in relevant regulations to ensure compliance production.

(2) Safety protection requirements

T12 is low in toxicity, but it is still an organic tin compound and has certain irritation and corrosiveness. Therefore, appropriate safety protection measures need to be taken during use, such as wearing protective gloves, masks and goggles. In addition, the storage and transportation of T12 also need to comply with relevant safety standards to avoid accidents. When using T12, enterprises should strengthen safety training for employees to ensure the safety of operators.

(3) Improvement of technical threshold

The application of T12 requires a high technical level, especially in the production of personalized customized home products, enterprises need to have advanced production equipment and process technology. For example, in the production of polyurethane foam, both the amount of T12 and the timing of addition need to be precisely controlled to ensure an optimal catalytic effect. In addition, the compatibility of T12 with other additives also needs to be rigorously verified to avoid adverse reactions. Therefore, when using T12, enterprises need to continuously improve their technical level and ensure product quality.

3. Future development direction

(1) Develop new catalysts

As the increasingly strict environmental protection regulations, the development of new and more environmentally friendly and efficient catalysts has become a hot topic in research. In recent years, researchers have begun to explore the applications of non-tin catalysts, such as titanium esters, zinc and zirconium catalysts. These new catalysts have lower toxicity and better environmental performance, and are expected to replace traditional organotin catalysts in the future. However, the catalytic effects of these new catalysts have not yet reached the level of T12 and further research and improvement are still needed.

(2) Improve the selectivity of catalyst

Although T12 has wide applicability, it has poor selectivity in certain specific polymerization reactions and is prone to trigger side reactions. Therefore, the development of catalysts with higher selectivity has become the focus of research. By optimizing the molecular structure and reaction conditions of the catalyst, the selectivity of the catalyst can be improved and the occurrence of side reactions can be reduced, thereby further improving the quality and performance of the product.

(3) Promote the development of green chemical industry

With the increase in environmental awareness, green chemical industry has become the future development.? Direction. As a highly efficient organic tin catalyst, T12 still needs further improvements although it performs well in environmental protection. For example, by developing aqueous catalysts or bio-based catalysts, the dependence on organic solvents can be reduced and environmental pollution in the production process can be reduced. In addition, the recycling of waste catalysts can be achieved to achieve resource recycling and promote the sustainable development of green chemical industry.

Conclusion and Outlook

To sum up, the organic tin catalyst T12 has a wide range of application prospects in personalized customized home products. Its efficient and stable catalytic performance can significantly improve the quality and performance of products and meet consumers’ needs for personalization, intelligence and environmental protection. However, with the increasing stringency of environmental protection regulations and the increase in technical thresholds, the application of T12 also faces some challenges. In the future, developing new catalysts, improving the selectivity of catalysts and promoting the development of green chemicals will become the key directions of research. Through continuous innovation and improvement, T12 will surely play a greater role in personalized customized home products and bring more development opportunities to the home furnishing industry.

In short, as a representative of organotin catalyst, T12 has demonstrated its unique charm and value in personalized customized home products. With the continuous advancement of technology and changes in market demand, the application prospects of T12 will be broader, injecting new impetus into the sustainable development of the home furnishing industry.

1•807808809810811•1160
Page 809 of 1160