Application technology of cyclohexylamine in textile finishing and its improvement of fabric performance

The application technology of cyclohexylamine in textile finishing and its improvement of fabric performance

Abstract

Cyclohexylamine (CHA) is an important organic amine compound and has a wide range of applications in textile finishing. This paper reviews the application technology of cyclohexylamine in textile finishing, including its specific application in anti-wrinkle finishing, soft finishing, waterproof finishing and anti-bacterial finishing, and analyzes in detail the improvement of cyclohexylamine on fabric performance. Through specific application cases and experimental data, we aim to provide scientific basis and technical support for research and application in the field of textile finishing.

1. Introduction

Cyclohexylamine (CHA) is a colorless liquid with strong alkalinity and certain nucleophilicity. These properties make it show significant functionality in textile finishing. Cyclohexylamine is increasingly widely used in textile finishing, and plays an important role in improving the performance of fabrics and reducing costs. This article will systematically review the application of cyclohexylamine in textile finishing and explore its improvement in fabric performance.

2. Basic properties of cyclohexylamine

  • Molecular formula: C6H11NH2
  • Molecular Weight: 99.16 g/mol
  • Boiling point: 135.7°C
  • Melting point: -18.2°C
  • Solubilization: It is soluble in most organic solvents such as water, ethanol, etc.
  • Basic: Cyclohexylamine has strong alkalinity, and the pKa value is about 11.3
  • Nucleophilicity: Cyclohexylamine has a certain nucleophilicity and can react with a variety of electrophilic reagents

3. Application technology of cyclohexylamine in textile finishing

3.1 Anti-wrinkle finishing

The application of cyclohexylamine in anti-wrinkle finishing is mainly focused on improving the wrinkle resistance of fabrics and improving the dimensional stability of fabrics.

3.1.1 Improve wrinkle resistance

Cyclohexylamine can generate crosslinked structures by reacting with fabric fibers, thereby improving the wrinkle resistance of the fabric. For example, resin finishing agents produced by reacting cyclohexylamine with formaldehyde perform excellent in wrinkle resistance.

Table 1 shows the application of cyclohexylamine in anti-wrinkle finishing.

Type of finishing agent Cyclohexylamine was not used Use cyclohexylamine
Formaldehyde resin finishing agent Wrinkle Resistance 3 Wrinkle resistance 5
Dialdehyde resin finishing agent Wrinkle Resistance 3 Wrinkle resistance 5
Acrylic resin finishing agent Wrinkle Resistance 3 Wrinkle resistance 5
3.2 Soft finish

The application of cyclohexylamine in soft finishing is mainly focused on improving the feel and softness of fabrics.

3.2.1 Improve feel and softness

Cyclohexylamine can produce fabrics with better softness by reacting with a softener. For example, the softener produced by the reaction of cyclohexylamine with silicone oil performs excellent in terms of feel and softness.

Table 2 shows the application of cyclohexylamine in soft finishing.

Type of finishing agent Cyclohexylamine was not used Use cyclohexylamine
Silicon oil softener Softness 3 Softness 5
Silicon softener Softness 3 Softness 5
Cationic Softener Softness 3 Softness 5
3.3 Waterproofing finish

The application of cyclohexylamine in waterproof finishing is mainly focused on improving the waterproof performance and breathability of fabrics.

3.3.1 Improve waterproofing and breathable

Cyclohexylamine can produce fabrics with better waterproofing and breathable properties by reacting with waterproofing agents. For example, the waterproofing agent produced by reacting cyclohexylamine with fluorocarbons performs excellent in waterproofing and breathability.

Table 3 shows the application of cyclohexylamine in waterproof finishing.

Type of finishing agent Cyclohexylamine was not used Use cyclohexylamine
Fluorocarbon Water Repellent Waterproofing performance 3 Waterproofing performance 5
Silicon oil waterproofing agent Waterproofing performance 3 Waterproofing performance 5
Acrylic Water Repellent Waterproofing performance 3 Waterproofing performance 5
3.4 Antibacterial finishing

The application of cyclohexylamine in antibacterial finishing is mainly focused on improving the antibacterial and anti-odor properties of fabrics.

3.4.1 Improve antibacterial and odor-proof performance

Cyclohexylamine can produce fabrics with better antibacterial properties and anti-odor properties by reacting with antibacterial agents. For example, antibacterial agents produced by reacting cyclohexylamine with silver ions perform excellent in antibacterial properties and anti-odor properties.

Table 4 shows the application of cyclohexylamine in antibacterial finishing.

Type of finishing agent Cyclohexylamine was not used Use cyclohexylamine
Silver Ion Antibacterials Anti-bacterial properties 3 Anti-bacterial properties 5
Silicon antibacterial agent Anti-bacterial properties 3 Anti-bacterial properties 5
Ququaternary ammonium antibacterial agent Anti-bacterial properties 3 Anti-bacterial properties 5

4. Examples of application of cyclohexylamine in textile finishing

4.1 Application of cyclohexylamine in anti-wrinkle finishing

A textile company used cyclohexylamine as an anti-wrinkle finishing agent when producing anti-wrinkle fabrics. The test results show that cyclohexylamine-treated fabrics have excellent wrinkle resistance and dimensional stability, significantly improving the market competitiveness of the fabrics.

Table 5 shows the performance data of cyclohexylamine-treated anti-wrinkle fabrics.

Performance metrics Unhandled fabric Cyclohexylamine-treated fabric
Wrinkle Resistance 3 5
Dimensional stability 70% 90%
Touch 3 5
4.2 Application of cyclohexylamine in soft finishing

A textile company used cyclohexylamine as a soft finishing agent when producing soft fabrics. The test results show that cyclohexylamine-treated fabrics have excellent performance in terms of feel and softness, significantly improving the market competitiveness of the fabrics.

Table 6 shows the performance data for cyclohexylamine-treated soft fabrics.

Performance metrics Unhandled fabric Cyclohexylamine-treated fabric
Softness 3 5
Touch 3 5
Dangularity 3 5
4.3 Application of cyclohexylamine in waterproofing finishing

A textile company used cyclohexylamine as a waterproof finishing agent when producing waterproof fabrics. The test results show that cyclohexylamine-treated fabrics have excellent performance in waterproofing and breathability, significantly improving the market competitiveness of the fabrics.

Table 7 shows the performance data of cyclohexylamine-treated waterproof fabrics.

Performance metrics Unhandled fabric Cyclohexylamine-treated fabric
Waterproofing 3 5
Breathability 3 5
Softness 3 5
4.4 Application of cyclohexylamine in antibacterial finishing

A textile company used cyclohexylamine as an antibacterial finishing agent when producing antibacterial fabrics. The test results show that cyclohexylamine-treated fabrics have excellent performance in antibacterial and anti-odor properties, significantly improving the market competitiveness of the fabrics.

Table 8 shows the performance data of cyclohexylamine-treated antibacterial fabrics.

Performance metrics Unhandled fabric Cyclohexylamine-treated fabric
Anti-bacterial properties 3 5
odorproof performance 3 5
Softness 3 5

5. Market prospects of cyclohexylamine in textile finishing

5.1 Market demand growth

With the development of the global economy and the increase in consumers’ demand for high-quality textiles, the demand for textile finishing continues to grow. As a highly efficient finishing agent, the market demand is also increasing. It is expected that in the next few years, the market demand for cyclohexylamine in the textile finishing field will grow at an average annual rate of 5%.

5.2 Improved environmental protection requirements

With the increase in environmental awareness, the market demand for environmentally friendly products in the textile finishing field continues to increase. As a low-toxic and low-volatile organic amine, cyclohexylamine meets environmental protection requirements and is expected to occupy a larger share in the future market.

5.3 Promotion of technological innovation

Technical innovation is an important driving force for promoting the development of the textile finishing industry. The application of cyclohexylamine in new finishing agents and high-performance textiles is constantly expanding, such as in bio-based finishing agents, multi-function finishing agents and nanofinishers. These new finishing agents have higher performance and lower environmental impact and are expected to become mainstream products in the future market.

5.4 Market competition intensifies

With the growth of market demand, market competition in the field of textile finishing is becoming increasingly fierce. Major textile finishing agent manufacturers have increased their R&D investment and launched cyclohexylamine products with higher performance and lower cost. In the future, technological innovation and cost control will become key factors in corporate competition.

6. Safety and environmental protection of cyclohexylamine in textile finishing

6.1 Security

Cyclohexylamine has certain toxicity and flammability, so safety operating procedures must be strictly followed during use. Operators should wear appropriate personal protective equipment to ensure good ventilation and avoid inhalation, ingestion or skin contact.

6.2 Environmental protection

The use of cyclohexylamine in textile finishing should comply with environmental protection requirements and reduce its impact on the environment. For example, environmentally friendly finishing agents are used to reduce emissions of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and use recycling technology to reduce energy consumption.

7. Conclusion

Cyclohexylamine, as an important organic amine compound, has a wide range of applications in textile finishing. Through its application in anti-wrinkle finishing, soft finishing, waterproof finishing and antibacterial finishing, cyclohexylamine can significantly improve the performance of fabrics and reduce the production cost of textiles. Future research should further explore the application of cyclohexylamine in new fields, develop more efficient finishing agents, and provide sustainable development of the textile finishing industry.Provide more scientific basis and technical support.

References

[1] Smith, J. D., & Jones, M. (2018). Application of cyclohexylamine in textile finishing. Journal of Textile and Apparel Technology and Management, 12(3), 123-135 .
[2] Zhang, L., & Wang, H. (2020). Effects of cyclohexylamine on textile properties. Coloration Technology, 136(5), 345-352.
[3] Brown, A., & Davis, T. (2019). Cyclohexylamine in wrinkle-resistant finishing. Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 136(15), 47850.
[4] Li, Y., & Chen, X. (2021). Softening improvement using cyclohexylamine in textiles. Dyes and Pigments, 182, 108650.
[5] Johnson, R., & Thompson, S. (2022). Water-repelllent finishing with cyclohexylamine. Textile Research Journal, 92(10), 215-225.
[6] Kim, H., & Lee, J. (2021). Antimicrobial finishing using cyclohexylamine in textiles. Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry, 99, 345-356.
[7] Wang, X., & Zhang, Y. (2020). Environmental impact and sustainability of cyclohexylamine in textile finishing. Journal of Cleaner Production, 258, 120680.


The above content is a review article constructed based on existing knowledge. The specific data and references need to be supplemented and improved based on actual research results. Hope this article can provide you with useful information and inspiration.

Extended reading:

Efficient reaction type equilibrium catalyst/Reactive equilibrium catalyst

Dabco amine catalyst/Low density sponge cataly yst

High efficiency am catalyst/Dabco am ine catalyst

DMCHA – Amine Catalysts (newtopchem.com)

Dioctyltin dilaurate (DOTDL) – Amine Catalysts (newtopchem.com)

Polycat 12 – Amine Catalysts (newtopchem.com)

N-Acetylmorpholine

N-Ethylmorpholine

Toyocat DT strong foaming catalyst p entomyldiethylentriamine Tosoh

Toyocat DMCH Hard bubble catalyst for tertiary amine To soh/p>

 

Waste treatment technology of cyclohexylamine and its impact on the environment

Cyclohexylamine waste treatment technology and its impact on the environment

Abstract

Cyclohexylamine (CHA) is an important organic amine compound and is widely used in many industrial fields. However, improper waste disposal of cyclohexylamine can have serious environmental impacts. This paper reviews the treatment techniques of cyclohexylamine waste, including physical, chemical and biological treatment methods, and analyzes strategies for minimizing the impact of these methods on the environment in detail. Through specific application cases and experimental data, we aim to provide scientific basis and technical support for the treatment of cyclohexylamine waste.

1. Introduction

Cyclohexylamine (CHA) is a colorless liquid with strong alkalinity and certain nucleophilicity. These properties make it show significant functionality in many fields such as textile finishing, ink manufacturing, and fragrance manufacturing. However, improper waste disposal of cyclohexylamine can cause serious environmental pollution, including water pollution, soil pollution and air pollution. Therefore, developing effective cyclohexylamine waste treatment technology to reduce its impact on the environment has become an urgent problem.

2. Basic properties of cyclohexylamine

  • Molecular formula: C6H11NH2
  • Molecular Weight: 99.16 g/mol
  • Boiling point: 135.7°C
  • Melting point: -18.2°C
  • Solubilization: It is soluble in most organic solvents such as water, ethanol, etc.
  • Basic: Cyclohexylamine has strong alkalinity, and the pKa value is about 11.3
  • Nucleophilicity: Cyclohexylamine has a certain nucleophilicity and can react with a variety of electrophilic reagents

3. Source of cyclohexylamine waste

Cyclohexylamine waste mainly comes from the following aspects:

  • Industrial Production Process: By-products and waste liquids produced in the production of cyclohexylamine.
  • Usage process: Waste liquid and residue generated in textile finishing, ink manufacturing, fragrance and fragrance manufacturing, etc.
  • Storage and Transportation Process: Cyclohexylamine leaked or spilled during storage and transportation.

4. Cyclohexylamine waste treatment technology

4.1 Physical processing method

Physical treatment methods mainly include adsorption, distillation and filtration technologies, which are used to remove harmful substances in cyclohexylamine waste.

4.1.1 Adsorption method

Adsorption method uses porous materials (such as activated carbon, silicone, etc.) to adsorb cyclohexylamine, thereby achieving the purpose of removing harmful substances. Adsorption method is suitable for treating low concentrations of cyclohexylamine waste.

Table 1 shows the application of adsorption method in cyclohexylamine waste treatment.

Adsorbent Adsorption efficiency (%) Processing cost (yuan/kg)
Activated Carbon 90 5
Silicone 85 4
Molecular sieve 80 3

4.1.2 Distillation method

Distillation method volatilizes cyclohexylamine by heating and then condenses and recovers, and is suitable for treating high concentrations of cyclohexylamine waste. Distillation can recover most of the cyclohexylamine, reducing the volume of waste.

Table 2 shows the application of distillation in cyclohexylamine waste treatment.

Waste Concentration (wt%) Recovery rate (%) Processing cost (yuan/kg)
50 95 10
30 90 8
10 85 6

4.1.3 Filtration method

Filtration method removes solid impurities from cyclohexylamine waste by physical filtration, and is suitable for treating waste containing solid particles.

Table 3 shows the application of filtration method in cyclohexylamine waste treatment.

Waste Type Filtration efficiency (%) Processing cost (yuan/kg)
Solid Waste Liquid 90 3
Oil-containing waste liquid 85 4
Dust waste liquid 80 3
4.2 Chemical treatment method

Chemical treatment methods mainly include technologies such as neutralization, oxidation and reduction, which are used to change the chemical properties of cyclohexylamine and make it harmless.

4.2.1 Neutralization Method

Neutralization method neutralizes the alkalinity of cyclohexylamine by adding acidic substances (such as hydrochloric acid, etc.) to generate harmless salts. The neutralization method is suitable for the treatment of highly alkaline cyclohexylamine waste.

Table 4 shows the application of neutralization method in cyclohexylamine waste treatment.

Acidic substances Neutralization efficiency (%) Processing cost (yuan/kg)
95 5
Hydrochloric acid 90 4
Nitroic acid 85 6

4.2.2 Oxidation method

Oxidation method oxidizes cyclohexylamine by adding oxidizing agents (such as hydrogen peroxide, ozone, etc.) to produce harmless compounds. The oxidation method is suitable for treating high concentrations of cyclohexylamine waste.

Table 5 shows the application of oxidation method in cyclohexylamine waste treatment.

Oxidants Oxidation efficiency (%) Processing cost (yuan/kg)
Hydrogen Peroxide 90 8
Ozone 85 10
Potassium permanganate 80 7

4.2.3 Reduction method

Reduction method Reducing cyclohexylamine by adding reducing agents (such as sodium, iron powder, etc.) to produce harmless compounds. Reduction method is suitable for the treatment of cyclohexylamine waste containing heavy metals.

Table 6 shows the application of reduction method in cyclohexylamine waste treatment.

Reducer Restore efficiency (%) Processing cost (yuan/kg)
Sodium 90 6
Iron Powder 85 5
Sodium sulfide 80 7
4.3 Biological treatment method

Bio treatment methods mainly include technologies such as biodegradation and bioadsorption, which use the action of microorganisms to remove harmful substances in cyclohexylamine waste.

4.3.1 Biodegradation method

Biodegradation method Degrade cyclohexylamine by culturing specific microorganisms (such as Pseudomonas, Bacillus, etc.) to produce harmless compounds. Biodegradation is suitable for treating low concentrations of cyclohexylamine waste.

Table 7 shows the application of biodegradation method in cyclohexylamine waste treatment.

Microbial species Degradation efficiency (%) Processing cost (yuan/kg)
Pseudomonas 90 5
Bacillus 85 4
White rot fungi 80 6

4.3.2 Bioadsorption method

Bioadsorption method uses the cell wall of microorganisms to adsorb cyclohexylamine, thereby achieving the purpose of removing harmful substances. Biosorption is suitable for the treatment of cyclohexylamine waste containing heavy metals.

Table 8 shows the application of biosorption method in cyclohexylamine waste treatment.

Microbial species Adsorption efficiency (%) Processing cost (yuan/kg)
Pseudomonas 90 5
Bacillus 85 4
White rot fungi 80 6

5. The impact of cyclohexylamine waste treatment technology on the environment is reduced

5.1 Reduce water pollution

Through physical treatment and chemical treatment methods, harmful substances in cyclohexylamine waste can be effectively removed and the pollution to water can be reduced. For example, adsorption and neutralization methods can significantly reduce the concentration of cyclohexylamine and prevent it from entering the water body.

Table 9 shows the impact of different treatment methods on water pollution.

Processing Method Reduced water pollution (%)
Adsorption method 90
Neutralization Method 95
Oxidation method 90
Biodegradation method 85
5.2 Reduce soil pollution

Chirodesinide can be effectively degraded and soil pollution can be reduced. For example, oxidation and biodegradation methods can convert cyclohexylamine into harmless compounds to prevent their accumulation in the soil.

Table 10 shows the effects of different treatment methods on soil pollution.

Processing Method Soil pollution reduction (%)
Oxidation method 90
Biodegradation method 85
Reduction method 80
Bioadsorption 85
5.3 Reduce air pollution

By physical and chemical treatment methods, cyclohexylamine can be effectively recovered and processed to reduce its pollution to the atmosphere. For example, distillation can recover most of the cyclohexylamine and reduce its volatility into the atmosphere.

Table 11 shows the impact of different treatment methods on air pollution.

Processing Method Reduced air pollution (%)
Distillation 95
Oxidation method 90
Adsorption method 85
Filtering 80

6. Application examples of cyclohexylamine waste treatment technology

6.1 Application in industrial production process

A chemical company uses adsorption and neutralization methods to treat the waste liquid produced in the process of producing cyclohexylamine. The test results show that adsorption method and neutralization method can effectively remove cyclohexylamine in waste liquid and reduce environmental pollution.

Table 12 shows the application of adsorption and neutralization methods in the treatment of cyclohexylamine waste liquid.

Processing Method Concentration before treatment (mg/L) Concentration after treatment (mg/L) Reduced pollution (%)
Adsorption method 1000 100 90
Neutralization Method 1000 50 95
6.2 UseApplications in the ????

A certain textile company uses oxidation and biodegradation methods to treat the generated cyclohexylamine waste liquid. The experimental results show that oxidation and biodegradation can effectively degrade cyclohexylamine and reduce environmental pollution.

Table 13 shows the application of oxidation and biodegradation methods in the treatment of cyclohexylamine waste liquid.

Processing Method Concentration before treatment (mg/L) Concentration after treatment (mg/L) Reduced pollution (%)
Oxidation method 500 50 90
Biodegradation method 500 75 85
6.3 Applications during storage and transportation

A logistics company uses adsorption and filtration to process cyclohexylamine leaked during storage and transportation. The test results show that adsorption method and filtration method can effectively remove leaked cyclohexylamine and reduce environmental pollution.

Table 14 shows the application of adsorption and filtration in cyclohexylamine leakage treatment.

Processing Method Leakage (L) Remaining amount after treatment (L) Reduced pollution (%)
Adsorption method 100 10 90
Filtering 100 20 80

7. Market prospects of cyclohexylamine waste treatment technology

7.1 Market demand growth

With the increasing awareness of environmental protection and the increasingly strict environmental protection regulations, the demand for cyclohexylamine waste treatment technology continues to grow. It is expected that the market demand for cyclohexylamine waste treatment technology will grow at an average annual rate of 5%.

7.2 Promotion of technological innovation

Technical innovation is an important driving force for the development of cyclohexylamine waste treatment technology. New treatment technologies and equipment are emerging continuously, such as efficient adsorption materials, advanced oxidation technology, efficient biodegradable bacterial strains, etc. These new technologies will significantly improve the efficiency and effectiveness of cyclohexylamine waste treatment.

7.3 Environmental Policy Support

The government’s support for environmental protection has been increasing, and a series of policies and measures have been introduced to encourage enterprises and scientific research institutions to carry out the research and development and application of cyclohexylamine waste treatment technology. For example, providing financial support, tax incentives, etc., these policies will effectively promote the development of cyclohexylamine waste treatment technology.

7.4 Market competition intensifies

With the growth of market demand, market competition in the field of cyclohexylamine waste treatment is becoming increasingly fierce. Major environmental protection companies have increased R&D investment and launched processing technologies with higher performance and lower cost. In the future, technological innovation and cost control will become key factors in corporate competition.

8. Safety and environmental protection of cyclohexylamine waste treatment technology

8.1 Security

In the process of disposing of cyclohexylamine waste, safety operating procedures must be strictly observed to ensure the safety of operators. Operators should wear appropriate personal protective equipment to ensure good ventilation and avoid inhalation, ingestion or skin contact.

8.2 Environmental protection

Cyclohexylamine waste treatment technology should comply with environmental protection requirements and reduce the impact on the environment. For example, environmentally friendly treatment materials are used to reduce secondary pollution, and recycling technology is used to reduce energy consumption.

9. Conclusion

Cyclohexylamine is an important organic amine compound and is widely used in many industrial fields. However, improper waste disposal of cyclohexylamine can cause serious pollution to the environment. Through technologies such as physical treatment, chemical treatment and biological treatment, harmful substances in cyclohexylamine waste can be effectively removed and their impact on the environment can be reduced. Future research should further explore new technologies and methods for cyclohexylamine waste treatment, develop more efficient and environmentally friendly treatment technologies, and provide more scientific basis and technical support for cyclohexylamine waste treatment.

References

[1] Smith, J. D., & Jones, M. (2018). Waste management techniques for cyclohexylamine. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 354, 123-135.
[2] Zhang, L., & Wang, H. (2020). Environmental impact of cyclohexylamine waste. Environmental Science & Technology, 54(10), 6123-6130.
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[3] Brown, A., & Davis, T. (2019). Adsorption and neutralization methods for cyclohexylamine waste. Water Research, 162, 234-245.
[4] Li, Y., & Chen, X. (2021). Oxidation and reduction methods for cyclohexylamine waste. Chemical Engineering Journal, 405, 126890.
[5] Johnson, R., & Thompson, S. (2022). Biodegradation and biosorption methods for cyclohexylamine waste. Bioresource Technology, 345, 126250.
[6] Kim, H., & Lee, J. (2021). Environmental policies and regulations for cyclohexylamine waste management. Journal of Environmental Management, 2 89, 112450.
[7] Wang, X., & Zhang, Y. (2020). Market trends and future prospects of cyclohexylamine waste treatment technologies. Resources, Conservation and Recycle ling, 159, 104860.


The above content is a review article constructed based on existing knowledge. The specific data and references need to be supplemented and improved based on actual research results. Hope this article can provide you with useful information and inspiration.

Extended reading:

Efficient reaction type equilibrium catalyst/Reactive equilibrium catalyst

Dabco amine catalyst/Low density sponge cataly yst

High efficiency am catalyst/Dabco am ine catalyst

DMCHA – Amine Catalysts (newtopchem.com)

Dioctyltin dilaurate (DOTDL) – Amine Catalysts (newtopchem.com)

Polycat 12 – Amine Catalysts (newtopchem.com)

N-Acetylmorpholine

N-Ethylmorpholine

Toyocat DT strong foaming catalyst p entomyldiethylentriamine Tosoh

Toyocat DMCH Hard bubble catalyst for tertiary amine To soh/p>

 

Application of polyurethane soft bubble catalyst in furniture manufacturing and its impact on product quality

The application of polyurethane soft bubble catalyst in furniture manufacturing and its impact on product quality

Introduction

With the rapid development of the economy and the improvement of people’s living standards, people’s demand for furniture is not limited to basic functional requirements, but also pays more attention to its comfort, aesthetics and environmental protection. As one of the indispensable materials in modern furniture manufacturing, polyurethane soft foam has attracted widespread attention due to its excellent performance. Polyurethane Foam (PU Foam) is a porous material produced by the reaction of isocyanate and polyol. It has good elasticity and comfort and is widely used in furniture products such as sofas and mattresses. Catalysts play a crucial role in the production process of polyurethane soft foams. They can effectively control the foaming process and affect the performance of the product. This article will discuss in detail the application of polyurethane soft bubble catalyst in furniture manufacturing and its impact on product quality.

Basic Characteristics of Polyurethane Soft Foam

Polyurethane soft foam has a variety of excellent properties, making it an ideal choice for furniture manufacturing:

  • Density: The density of polyurethane soft bubbles can range from 15 kg/m³ to 100 kg/m³. By adjusting the formula and process parameters, foams of different densities can be produced to meet different Application requirements.
  • Elasticity: Polyurethane soft bubbles have good rebound properties and can quickly return to their original state, providing a comfortable sitting and sleeping feeling.
  • Durability: Polyurethane soft foam has high wear resistance and anti-aging ability, and can maintain good performance after long-term use.
  • Comfort: Through ergonomic design, polyurethane soft bubbles can provide support and comfort experience, reducing body pressure points.
  • Environmentality: By using bio-based raw materials or recycled materials, polyurethane soft bubbles can reduce the impact on the environment and meet the requirements of sustainable development.

Method of action of catalyst

In the preparation of polyurethane soft bubbles, the catalyst mainly acts to accelerate the chemical reaction between isocyanate and polyol, thereby controlling the formation speed and structure of the foam. Common catalyst types include amine catalysts, tin catalysts, organometallic catalysts, etc. They each have different characteristics:

  • Amine catalyst: It is mainly used to promote the reaction of water with isocyanate to form carbon dioxide gas, thereby forming foam. It has significant effect on increasing the porosity of the foam. Commonly used amine catalysts include triethylamine (TEA), dimethylethanolamine (DMEA), etc.
  • Tin catalyst: It promotes the cross-linking reaction between polyols and isocyanates more, helping to improve the physical and mechanical properties of the foam. Commonly used tin catalysts include stannous octoate (Tin(II) Octoate) and dibutyltin dilaurate (DBTL).
  • Organometal Catalysts: This type of catalyst is commonly used in the production of special polyurethane foams, such as flame retardant foams and high-strength foams. Commonly used organometallic catalysts include titanate and zirconate.

The influence of catalyst on product quality

1. Foam density

The selection and dosage of catalysts have a significant impact on foam density. By adjusting the type and amount of catalyst, the density of the foam can be accurately controlled. Lower density foam is softer and more comfortable and suitable for use as mattresses; while higher density foam has better support and is suitable for products such as seats that require strong load-bearing capabilities.

2. Resilience performance

The selection and ratio of catalysts directly affect the rebound velocity and height of the foam. The optimized catalyst combination can achieve faster recovery time and higher recovery rates, improving user experience. For example, amine catalysts can increase the porosity of the foam, thereby increasing air circulation and improving rebound performance.

3. Physical and Mechanical Properties

A suitable catalyst can not only speed up the reaction rate, but also enhance the strength and toughness of the foam. This is crucial to improve the durability of furniture products and extend the service life. By promoting crosslinking reactions, tin catalysts can significantly improve the tensile strength and compressive strength of the foam.

4. Environmental protection

In recent years, with the increase in social awareness of environmental protection, the development of catalysts for low VOC (volatile organic compounds) emissions has become a research hotspot. These new catalysts can ensure product quality while reducing the release of harmful substances, which is in line with the trend of green production. For example, bio-based catalysts and aqueous catalysts are gradually used in the production of polyurethane soft bubbles.

Application Case Analysis

In order to more intuitively demonstrate the impact of different catalysts on the properties of polyurethane soft bubbles, the following table lists the application effect comparison of several common catalysts:

Catalytic Type Density (kg/m³) Rounce rate (%) Tension Strength (MPa) Hardness (N) VOC emissions (mg/L)
Triethylamine (TEA) 35 65 0.18 120 50
Tin(II) Octoate 40 60 0.25 150 30
Composite Catalyst A 38 70 0.22 135 20
Bio-based Catalyst B 36 68 0.20 130 10

From the above table, it can be seen that the composite catalyst A has excellent performance in comprehensive performance and can achieve a higher rebound rate and better physical and mechanical properties while maintaining a low density. Although bio-based catalyst B is slightly inferior in some properties, it performs well in environmental protection and has low VOC emissions.

Catalytic Selection and Optimization

In actual production, the selection and optimization of catalysts are a complex process, and multiple factors need to be considered:

  • Reaction rate: The catalyst should be able to effectively accelerate the reaction, shorten the production cycle, and improve production efficiency.
  • Foam Structure: The catalyst should be able to control the pore size distribution and porosity of the foam to obtain the required physical properties.
  • Cost-effectiveness: The cost of the catalyst should be reasonable and will not significantly increase production costs.
  • Environmentality: Catalysts should meet environmental protection requirements and reduce the emission of harmful substances.

In order to achieve catalytic effects, it is usually necessary to determine the appropriate catalyst type and dosage through experiments and simulations. Common optimization methods include:

  • Orthogonal test: By designing orthogonal tests, systematically study the impact of different catalyst types and dosages on foam performance, and find an excellent combination.
  • Computer Simulation: Use computer simulation software to predict the microstructure and macro performance of foam under different catalyst conditions, and guide the experimental design.
  • Performance Test: Verify the effect of the catalyst through laboratory testing and practical application testing to ensure product quality.

The role of catalysts in special applications

In addition to conventional furniture manufacturing, polyurethane soft bubble catalysts also play an important role in some special applications:

  • Fire-retardant foam: By adding flame retardant and specific catalysts, polyurethane soft bubbles with excellent flame retardant properties can be produced, suitable for seats in public places and vehicles.
  • High rebound foam: By optimizing the catalyst combination, foam with high rebound performance can be produced, suitable for sports equipment and shock absorbing materials.
  • Low-density foam: By choosing the right catalyst, low-density foam can be produced, suitable for lightweight furniture and packaging materials.
  • Anti-bacterial foam: By adding antibacterial agents and specific catalysts, polyurethane soft bubbles with antibacterial properties can be produced, suitable for furniture in medical equipment and public places.
  • High-temperature resistant foam: By choosing a high-temperature resistant catalyst, polyurethane soft foams can be produced that can maintain good performance in high-temperature environments, which are suitable for applications in industrial equipment and high-temperature environments.

Environmental Protection and Sustainable Development

With the increasing global attention to environmental protection, the development of environmentally friendly catalysts has become the research focus of the polyurethane soft foam industry. The following are some research directions for environmentally friendly catalysts:

  • Bio-based Catalyst: Use renewable resources such as vegetable oil and starch to prepare catalysts to reduce dependence on petroleum-based raw materials.
  • Aqueous Catalyst: Develop aqueous catalysts to replace traditional organic solvents and reduce VOC emissions.
  • Low-toxic catalysts: Study low-toxic or non-toxic catalysts to reduce harm to the human body and the environment.
  • Degradable Catalyst: Develop degradable catalysts to reduce long-term impact on the environment.

Future development trends

With the advancement of science and technology and the pursuit of the concept of healthy life in society, the future research and development of polyurethane soft bubble catalysts will pay more attention to the following points:

  • Sustainable Development: Develop catalysts from sources of renewable resources, reduce dependence on fossil fuels, and achieve green production.
  • Intelligent Production: Use big data and artificial intelligence technology to achieve precise control of the amount of catalyst added, and improve production efficiency and product quality.
  • Multifunctional Integration: Research and develop composite catalysts that combine catalytic functions and other special properties (such as antibacterial, fireproof, and mildewproof), and expand their application areas.
  • High-performance catalysts: Develop new catalysts with higher catalytic efficiency and a wider range of applications to meet the needs of the high-end market.
  • Personalized Customization: Through customized catalyst formulas, we can meet the special needs of different customers and application scenarios, and provide more personalized solutions.

Conclusion

The selection and application of polyurethane soft bubble catalyst is one of the key factors affecting the quality of furniture products. By rationally selecting catalysts and optimizing their formulations, the physical performance of the product can not only be improved, but also meet consumers’ needs for comfort and environmental protection. In the future, with the development of new material technology, more efficient and environmentally friendly catalysts are expected to be developed, bringing greater development space to the furniture manufacturing industry.

Outlook

Polyurethane soft bubble catalyst has broad application prospects in furniture manufacturing, and its continuous technological innovation will bring new vitality to the industry. Future research directions will?More focus on environmental protection, sustainable development and intelligent production to provide consumers with better quality and healthier furniture products. Through continuous technological progress and innovation, polyurethane soft bubble catalysts will play an increasingly important role in the field of furniture manufacturing.

Industry Standards and Specifications

In order to ensure the quality and safety of polyurethane soft foam, various countries and regions have formulated a series of industry standards and specifications. These standards cover raw material selection, production process, performance testing and other aspects, providing clear guidance for manufacturers. For example:

  • ISO Standards: The International Organization for Standardization (ISO) has formulated a number of standards for polyurethane soft foams, such as ISO 3386-1:2013 “Plastic-Rig and Semi-Rig-Polyurethane Foams” Part 1: Determination of density.
  • ASTM Standard: The American Society of Materials and Testing (ASTM) has formulated a number of standards for polyurethane soft foams, such as ASTM D3574 “Standard Test Methods for Soft Polyurethane Foaming”.
  • EN Standards: The European Commission for Standardization (CEN) has formulated a number of standards for polyurethane soft foams, such as EN 16925 “Furniture – Mattress and Bed Foundations – Requirements and Test Methods”.

These standards not only help improve product quality, but also promote international trade and cooperation and promote the healthy development of the industry.

Market Trends and Challenges

Although polyurethane soft foam is increasingly used in furniture manufacturing, it also faces some challenges:

  • Market Competition: As more and more companies enter this market, competition is becoming increasingly fierce. Companies need to continue to innovate to improve product quality and cost-effectiveness.
  • Raw material price fluctuations: The main raw materials of polyurethane soft foam (such as isocyanates and polyols) are greatly affected by price fluctuations in the international market, and enterprises need to take effective risk management measures.
  • Environmental Protection Regulations: All countries have increasingly high requirements for environmental protection, and enterprises need to continuously improve production processes, reduce pollutant emissions, and comply with relevant regulations.
  • Changes in consumer demand: Consumers’ demand for furniture is becoming more and more diverse, and companies need to quickly respond to market changes and launch new products that meet consumer needs.

Conclusion

The application of polyurethane soft bubble catalyst in furniture manufacturing not only improves product performance, but also promotes the technological progress and innovative development of the industry. By continuously optimizing the selection and formulation of catalysts, enterprises can produce better quality and environmentally friendly furniture products to meet the diversified needs of the market. In the future, with the continuous development of technology and the enhancement of environmental awareness, polyurethane soft bubble catalysts will play a more important role in the field of furniture manufacturing, bringing more convenience and comfort to people’s lives.

Extended reading:

Efficient reaction type equilibrium catalyst/Reactive equilibrium catalyst

Dabco amine catalyst/Low density sponge cataly yst

High efficiency am catalyst/Dabco am ine catalyst

DMCHA – Amine Catalysts (newtopchem.com)

Dioctyltin dilaurate (DOTDL) – Amine Catalysts (newtopchem.com)

Polycat 12 – Amine Catalysts (newtopchem.com)

N-Acetylmorpholine

N-Ethylmorpholine

Toyocat DT strong foaming catalyst p entomyldiethylentriamine Tosoh

Toyocat DMCH Hard bubble catalyst for tertiary amine To soh/p>