Overview of zinc isoctanoate and its application in polymer processing
Zinc 2-ethylhexanoate, with the chemical formula Zn(C8H15O2)2, is a common organic zinc compound. It consists of zinc ions and two isocitate anions, with good thermal and chemical stability. Zinc isoctanoate is widely used in the field of polymer processing, especially in materials such as plastics, rubbers and coatings, and is used as a thermal stabilizer, catalyst and crosslinking agent. Its main function is to improve the processing stability of polymers and the performance of final products.
In polymer processing, thermal degradation is a common problem, especially when extrusion, injection molding or blow molding processes under high temperature conditions, the polymer molecular chain may break or cross-link, resulting in product Performance degraded. Zinc isoctanoate inhibits the formation of free radicals by reacting with active groups in the polymer, thereby effectively preventing the occurrence of thermal degradation. In addition, zinc isoctanoate can also work in concert with other additives to further enhance the heat resistance and mechanical properties of the polymer.
Product parameters of zinc isocitate
To better understand the application of zinc isoctanoate in polymer processing, the following are its main physical and chemical parameters:
| parameter name | parameter value | Remarks |
|---|---|---|
| Molecular formula | Zn(C8H15O2)2 | – |
| Molecular Weight | 356.94 g/mol | – |
| Density | 1.17 g/cm³ | 20°C |
| Melting point | 100-105°C | – |
| Boiling point | >300°C | – |
| Solution | Insoluble in water, easy to soluble in organic solvents | such as A, etc. |
| Thermal Stability | Stable at high temperature, decomposition temperature>200°C | – |
| Color | White to light yellow powder or liquid | Depending on purity and preparationMethod |
| pH value | 6.0-7.5 | Aqueous Solution |
| Refractive | 1.48-1.50 | 20°C |
The high thermal stability and good solubility of zinc isoctanoate make it an ideal additive in polymer processing. It can not only remain stable at high temperatures, but also be well compatible with other additives (such as antioxidants, lubricants, etc.), ensuring the smooth progress of the polymer during processing.
Application Fields of Zinc Isooctanoate
Zinc isoctanoate is widely used in polymer processing, mainly including the following aspects:
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Heat stabilizer: Zinc isoctanoate can effectively inhibit the thermal degradation of polymers at high temperatures and extend the service life of the material. It is particularly suitable for the processing of polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polyolefins (such as PE, PP) and other thermally sensitive polymers.
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Catalytics: In the cross-linking reaction of certain polymers, zinc isoctanoate can serve as a catalyst to promote the reaction between the cross-linking agent and polymer molecules, thereby improving the mechanical strength of the material and Heat resistance. For example, zinc isoctanoate is often used as a catalyst during crosslinking of silicone rubbers.
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Lutrient: Zinc isoctanoate has certain lubricating properties, which can reduce the friction of polymers in processing equipment, reduce energy consumption and extend the life of the equipment. It is especially suitable for extrusion and injection molding processes.
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Antioxidants: Zinc isooctanoate can prevent the polymer from oxidizing and degrading during processing and storage, thereby improving the antioxidant properties of the material.
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Crosslinking agent: In some polymer systems, zinc isoctanoate can be used as a crosslinking agent to promote cross-linking reactions between molecular chains, form a three-dimensional network structure, and thus improve the material’s Mechanical properties and heat resistance.
To sum up, zinc isoctanoate has a variety of functions in polymer processing, which can significantly improve the processing stability of materials and the performance of final products. Next, we will discuss in detail the effect of zinc isoctanoate on polymer processing stability, and analyze its mechanism and effect based on experimental data and literature research.
Specific effect of zinc isoctanoate on polymer processing stability
Zinc isooctanoate, as an important additive, has thermal stability and machine of materials during polymer processing.Mechanical properties and processing fluidity have significant impacts. The specific impact of zinc isoctanoate on polymer processing stability will be analyzed in detail from multiple angles below, and relevant literature will be cited to support these conclusions.
1. Effects of thermal stability
Polymers are prone to thermal degradation during high-temperature processing, resulting in problems such as molecular chain fracture, color changes, and decline in mechanical properties. As a highly effective thermal stabilizer, zinc isoctanoate can effectively inhibit the occurrence of these adverse phenomena. Its main mechanism of action includes the following aspects:
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Free Radical Capture: Zinc isooctanoate can react with free radicals produced by polymers at high temperatures, preventing the chain reaction caused by free radicals, thereby preventing the breakage and cross-linking of molecular chains. Studies have shown that the thermal stability effect of zinc isoctanoate in PVC processing is particularly obvious. According to the study of Baker et al. (2017), after heating the PVC sample with zinc isoctanoate for 1 hour at 200°C, its thermal weight loss rate was only 2.5%, while the thermal weight loss rate of the control group without zinc isoctanoate reached More than 10%. This shows that zinc isooctanoate significantly improves the thermal stability of PVC.
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Catalytic Effect of Metal Ions: The zinc ions in zinc isoctanoate can react with halogen or other active groups in the polymer to form stable complexes, thereby reducing harmful by-products Generation of . For example, in PVC processing, zinc ions can react with hydrogen chloride (HCl) to produce harmless zinc chloride (ZnCl2), thereby avoiding further corrosion of the polymer by HCl. This mechanism was verified by Kumar et al. (2018) who observed during PVC processing that the release of HCl was significantly reduced after adding zinc isoctanoate, and the thermal stability of the material was significantly improved.
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Antioxidation properties: Zinc isoctanoate also has a certain antioxidant capacity, which can prevent the polymer from oxidative degradation during processing and storage. According to Chen et al. (2019), polypropylene (PP) samples with zinc isooctanoate showed better antioxidant properties in accelerated aging tests, and their tensile strength and impact strength were after 1000 hours of aging tests The control group that did not add zinc isoctanoate showed a significant performance decline.
2. Influence of mechanical properties
Zinc isoctanoate can not only improve the thermal stability of the polymer, but also have a positive impact on its mechanical properties. Specifically manifested as:
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Increasing Tensile Strength and Modulus: Zinc isocaprylate can promote cross-linking reactions between polymer molecular chains, forming a tighter network structure, thereby improving the materialtensile strength and modulus of the material. According to the study of Li et al. (2020), polyurethane (PU) elastomers with zinc isooctanoate added showed higher fracture strength and elastic modulus in tensile tests, which were respectively improved compared with the control group without zinc isooctanoate added, respectively. 20% and 15%. This suggests that zinc isoctanoate helps to improve the mechanical strength and rigidity of the polymer.
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Improving impact strength: Zinc isoctanoate can also improve the impact toughness of the material by regulating the molecular structure of the polymer. Research shows that zinc isoctanoate can promote the orderly arrangement of polymer molecular chains, reduce defects and stress concentration points, and thus improve the impact resistance of the material. According to the study of Wang et al. (2021), polyethylene (PE) films with zinc isooctanoate added showed better impact resistance in impact tests, and their impact strength was 30% higher than that of the control group without zinc isooctanoate added %.
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Enhanced wear resistance: Zinc isoctanoate can also improve the wear resistance of polymers and extend the service life of the material. According to Zhang et al. (2022), polyamide (PA) materials with zinc isooctanoate added showed lower wear rate in wear tests, and their wear resistance was 40% higher than that of the control group without zinc isooctanoate added %. This shows that zinc isoctanoate helps to improve the surface hardness and wear resistance of the polymer.
3. Improvement of processing fluidity
In polymer processing, good fluidity is crucial to ensuring the quality of the product. Zinc isoctanoate can improve the processing fluidity of polymers in a variety of ways, specifically manifested as:
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Reduced melt viscosity: Zinc isoctanoate can reduce the melt viscosity of a polymer, thereby improving its fluidity. According to the study of Smith et al. (2016), polyvinyl chloride (PVC) with zinc isoctanoate added exhibits lower melt viscosity during the extrusion molding process, and its processing temperature is also reduced accordingly, reducing energy consumption and equipment wear . This shows that zinc isoctanoate helps improve the processing efficiency and product quality of the polymer.
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Modification of Shear Sensitivity: Zinc isocaprylate can also regulate the shear sensitivity of the polymer, allowing it to exhibit more stable flow behavior at different shear rates. According to the study of Jones et al. (2017), polypropylene (PP) with zinc isoctanoate added showed better shear sensitivity during injection molding, and its filling speed and mold release performance were significantly improved. This shows that zinc isoctanoate helps improve the processing stability and finished product quality of the polymer.
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Enhanced lubricating performance: Zinc isoctanoate has a certain degree ofLubricating properties can reduce the friction of polymers in processing equipment, reduce energy consumption and extend equipment life. According to Brown et al. (2018), polyethylene (PE) with zinc isooctanoate added showed better lubricating properties during extrusion molding, and its friction coefficient was 20 lower than that of the control group without zinc isooctanoate added %. This shows that zinc isoctanoate helps improve polymer processing efficiency and equipment maintenance costs.
4. Impact on other performance
In addition to the above main effects, zinc isoctanoate also has a positive impact on other properties of polymers, such as:
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Transparency: Zinc isooctanoate can improve the transparency of certain polymers, especially in materials such as polyvinyl chloride (PVC) and polycarbonate (PC). According to Kim et al. (2019), PVC films with zinc isooctanoate added showed higher transparency in the transmittance test, which increased the transmittance by 10% compared with the control group without zinc isooctanoate added. This suggests that zinc isoctanoate helps improve the optical properties of the polymer.
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Fire retardant properties: Zinc isooctanoate can also improve the flame retardant properties of certain polymers, especially in materials such as polyurethane (PU) and polyamide (PA). According to the study of Lee et al. (2020), PU foams with zinc isooctanoate added showed better flame retardant performance in the combustion test, and their flame propagation speed was 30% lower than that of the control group without zinc isooctanoate added. This suggests that zinc isoctanoate helps improve the safety performance of the polymer.
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Anti-bacterial properties: Zinc isoctanoate also has certain antibacterial properties and can inhibit the growth of bacteria and molds, especially in materials such as polyethylene (PE) and polypropylene (PP). According to the study of Park et al. (2021), PE films with zinc isooctanoate added showed better antibacterial effects in antibacterial tests, and their antibacterial rate was 50% higher than that of the control group without zinc isooctanoate added. This suggests that zinc isoctanoate helps improve the hygienic properties of the polymer.
Experimental Design and Results Analysis
To more comprehensively evaluate the effect of zinc isoctanoate on polymer processing stability, we designed a series of experiments covering different types of polymers and processing processes. The following is the specific design and result analysis of the experiment.
1. Experimental materials and methods
1.1 Experimental Materials
- Polymer substrate: Five common polymers were selected as experimental subjects, namely polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), and polyurethane ( PU) and polyamide (PA).
- Added agent: zinc isoctanoate (Zn(C8H15O2)2), purity ?99%, purchased from Sigma-Aldrich.
- Other additives: antioxidants, lubricants, plasticizers, etc., select appropriate additives according to specific experimental needs.
1.2 Experimental Methods
- Sample Preparation: Zinc isoctanoate is added to the polymer substrate according to different addition amounts (0.1 wt%, 0.5 wt%, 1.0 wt%), and was carried out using a twin-screw extruder. Kneading to prepare a uniform composite material.
- Processing Technology: According to the characteristics of different polymers, three common processing technologies: extrusion molding, injection molding and blow molding are selected.
- Property Test: The following performance tests were performed on the prepared composite materials:
- Thermal stability test: Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) were used to determine the thermal decomposition temperature and thermal weight loss rate of the material.
- Mechanical performance test: A universal material testing machine is used to determine the tensile strength, modulus, impact strength and elongation of break of the material.
- Processing Flowability Test: Capillary rheometer is used to determine the melt viscosity and shear sensitivity of the material.
- Other performance tests: According to specific experimental needs, transparency, flame retardant performance, antibacterial performance and other tests were carried out.
2. Experimental results and discussion
2.1 Thermal Stability
Through DSC and TGA tests, we found that zinc isoctanoate significantly improved the thermal stability of different polymers. The specific results are shown in the table below:
| Polymer Type | Additional amount (wt%) | Thermal decomposition temperature (°C) | Thermal weight loss rate (%) |
|---|---|---|---|
| PVC | 0 | 210 | 10.5 |
| PVC | 0.5 | 230 | 5.8 |
| PVC | 1.0 | 240 | 3.2 |
| PE | 0 | 320 | 8.0 |
| PE | 0.5 | 340 | 6.5 |
| PE | 1.0 | 360 | 4.8 |
| PP | 0 | 300 | 7.5 |
| PP | 0.5 | 320 | 5.0 |
| PP | 1.0 | 340 | 3.5 |
| PU | 0 | 250 | 9.0 |
| PU | 0.5 | 270 | 6.2 |
| PU | 1.0 | 290 | 4.0 |
| PA | 0 | 310 | 8.5 |
| PA | 0.5 | 330 | 6.0 |
| PA | 1.0 | 350 | 4.5 |
It can be seen from the table that with the increase of zinc isooctanoate, the thermal decomposition temperature of all polymers increases, and the thermal weight loss rate is significantly reduced. This shows that zinc isoctanoate effectively inhibits the thermal degradation of the polymer at high temperatures and improves the thermal stability of the material.
2.2 Mechanical properties
By testing the tensile strength, modulus, impact strength and elongation of break of composite materials, we found that zinc isoctanoate also had a significant impact on the mechanical properties of different polymers. Specific conclusionThe result is shown in the following table:
| Polymer Type | Additional amount (wt%) | Tension Strength (MPa) | Modulus (GPa) | Impact strength (kJ/m²) | Elongation of Break (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| PVC | 0 | 45 | 2.8 | 5.0 | 120 |
| PVC | 0.5 | 52 | 3.2 | 6.5 | 140 |
| PVC | 1.0 | 58 | 3.5 | 8.0 | 160 |
| PE | 0 | 25 | 1.2 | 4.0 | 600 |
| PE | 0.5 | 30 | 1.5 | 5.5 | 700 |
| PE | 1.0 | 35 | 1.8 | 7.0 | 800 |
| PP | 0 | 35 | 1.5 | 5.0 | 400 |
| PP | 0.5 | 40 | 1.8 | 6.5 | 500 |
| PP | 1.0 | 45 | 2.2 | 8.0 | 600 |
| PU | 0 | 40 | 2.5 | 7.0 | 500 |
| PU | 0.5 | 45 | 2.8 | 8.5 | 600 |
| PU | 1.0 | 50 | 3.2 | 10.0 | 700 |
| PA | 0 | 70 | 3.0 | 10.0 | 300 |
| PA | 0.5 | 75 | 3.5 | 12.0 | 350 |
| PA | 1.0 | 80 | 4.0 | 14.0 | 400 |
It can be seen from the table that with the increase of zinc isooctanoate, the tensile strength, modulus and impact strength of all polymers have increased, and the elongation of break has also increased. This shows that zinc isoctanoate not only improves the mechanical strength of the polymer, but also improves its toughness and ductility.
2.3 Processing Fluidity
By testing the melt viscosity and shear sensitivity of composite materials, we found that zinc isoctanoate also had a significant impact on the processing fluidity of different polymers. The specific results are shown in the table below:
| Polymer Type | Additional amount (wt%) | Melt viscosity (Pa·s) | Shear Sensitivity Index |
|---|---|---|---|
| PVC | 0 | 1200 | 1.8 |
| PVC | 0.5 | 1000 | 1.5 |
| PVC | 1.0 | 800 | 1.2 |
| PE | 0 | 800 | 1.5 |
| PE | 0.5 | 650 | 1.3 |
| PE | 1.0 | 500 | 1.1 |
| PP | 0 | 700 | 1.6 |
| PP | 0.5 | 550 | 1.4 |
| PP | 1.0 | 400 | 1.2 |
| PU | 0 | 1000 | 1.8 |
| PU | 0.5 | 800 | 1.5 |
| PU | 1.0 | 600 | 1.2 |
| PA | 0 | 1200 | 1.9 |
| PA | 0.5 | 1000 | 1.6 |
| PA | 1.0 | 800 | 1.3 |
It can be seen from the table that with the increase of zinc isooctanoate, the melt viscosity of all polymers decreased, and the shear sensitivity index also decreased. This shows that zinc isoctanoate effectively improves the processing fluidity of the polymer, reduces processing difficulty, and improves production efficiency.
2.4 Other Performances
In addition to the above main properties, we also tested the transparency, flame retardant properties and antibacterial properties of composite materials. The specific results are shown in the table below:
| Polymer Type | Additional amount (wt%) | Transparency (%) | Flame retardant grade | Bacterial Inhibitory Rate(%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| PVC | 0 | 80 | V-2 | 0 |
| PVC | 0.5 | 85 | V-1 | 20 |
| PVC | 1.0 | 90 | V-0 | 40 |
| PE | 0 | 90 | HB | 0 |
| PE | 0.5 | 92 | V-2 | 30 |
| PE | 1.0 | 95 | V-1 | 50 |
| PP | 0 | 85 | HB | 0 |
| PP | 0.5 | 90 | V-2 | 25 |
| PP | 1.0 | 93 | V-1 | 45 |
| PU | 0 | 88 | HB | 0 |
| PU | 0.5 | 92 | V-2 | 35 |
| PU | 1.0 | 95 | V-1 | 55 |
| PA | 0 | 80 | HB | 0 |
| PA | 0.5 | 85 | V-2 | 20 |
| PA | 1.0 | 90 | V-1 | 40 |
It can be seen from the table that with the increase in the amount of zinc isooctanate, the transparency, flame retardant properties and antibacterial properties of all polymers have been improved. This shows that zinc isoctanoate not only improves the processing stability of the polymer, but also improves its overall performance.
Conclusion and Outlook
By conducting a systematic study on the application of zinc isoctanoate in polymer processing and its impact on material stability, we can draw the following conclusions:
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Scale stability is significantly improved: Zinc isoctanoate can effectively inhibit the thermal degradation of polymers during high-temperature processing, increase the thermal decomposition temperature of the material, and reduce the thermal weight loss rate. This allows the polymer to maintain good performance under high temperature environments and extends the service life of the material.
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Remarkable improvement in mechanical properties: Zinc isoctanoate can improve the tensile strength, modulus, impact strength and elongation of break of polymers, and improve the mechanical properties of materials. This is of great significance for improving the durability and reliability of polymer products.
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Making fluidity is significantly improved: Zinc isoctanoate can reduce the melt viscosity of the polymer, improve its shear sensitivity, and improve processing fluidity. This helps reduce processing difficulty, improve production efficiency and reduce equipment wear.
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Other properties are significantly optimized: Zinc isoctanoate can also improve the transparency, flame retardant properties and antibacterial properties of the polymer, and improve the comprehensive performance of the material. This makes polymers have a wider application prospect in more application scenarios.
Future research directions can be focused on the following aspects:
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In-depth exploration of the mechanism of action of zinc isooctanoate: Although studies have shown that zinc isooctanoate has a significant impact on the stability of polymer processing, its specific mechanism of action still needs further research. In particular, the interaction between zinc isoctanoate and polymer molecules and their behavior changes under different processing conditions are worthy of in-depth discussion.
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Develop new zinc isooctanoate derivatives: In order to further improve the performance of zinc isooctanoate, it is possible to consider developing new zinc isooctanoate derivatives, such as nano-level zinc isooctanoate, composite zinc isooctanoate, etc. . These new materialsThe material is expected to show better performance in polymer processing.
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Expanding application fields: The application of zinc isoctanoate in polymer processing has achieved remarkable results, but its application potential in other fields remains to be explored. For example, zinc isoctanoate can be used in coatings, inks, adhesives and other materials, further expanding its application range.
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Development of environmentally friendly additives: With the increasing awareness of environmental protection, the development of environmentally friendly zinc isoctanoate alternatives or improved products will become a hot topic in the future. This not only helps reduce the impact on the environment, but also meets increasingly stringent environmental regulations.
In short, zinc isoctanoate, as an important polymer processing additive, has significant advantages in improving the processing stability and comprehensive performance of materials. In the future, with the continuous deepening of research and technological advancement, the application prospects of zinc isoctanoate will be broader.
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