Safety Considerations and Handling Guidelines for DMAEE (Dimethyaminoethoxyethanol)

Introduction

DMAEE, or Dimethyaminoethoxyethanol, is a versatile chemical compound widely used in various industries, including cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, and industrial applications. It is known for its excellent solubility in water and organic solvents, making it a popular choice for formulating emulsifiers, surfactants, and other products. However, like any chemical, DMAEE requires careful handling to ensure safety and compliance with regulatory standards. This article aims to provide a comprehensive guide on the safety considerations and handling guidelines for DMAEE, covering everything from its physical and chemical properties to potential hazards and preventive measures.

What is DMAEE?

DMAEE, chemically known as 2-(2-dimethylaminoethoxy) ethanol, is an organic compound with the molecular formula C6H15NO2. It belongs to the class of amino alcohols and is characterized by its ability to form stable emulsions and improve the performance of formulations. DMAEE is often used as a pH adjuster, emulsifier, and viscosity modifier in cosmetic and personal care products. In the pharmaceutical industry, it is employed as a solvent and stabilizer in drug delivery systems. Additionally, DMAEE finds applications in industrial processes, such as coatings, adhesives, and textile treatments.

Physical and Chemical Properties

Understanding the physical and chemical properties of DMAEE is crucial for safe handling and storage. The following table summarizes the key characteristics of DMAEE:

DMAEE is a colorless to pale yellow liquid with a mild, ammonia-like odor. It is highly soluble in water and polar organic solvents, such as ethanol and acetone. The compound is hygroscopic, meaning it can absorb moisture from the air, which may affect its stability over time. DMAEE is also sensitive to heat and light, so it should be stored in a cool, dark place to prevent degradation.

Safety Data Sheet (SDS) Overview

The Safety Data Sheet (SDS) is an essential document that provides detailed information about the hazards associated with DMAEE and the necessary precautions for handling, storage, and disposal. The SDS is divided into 16 sections, each addressing a specific aspect of safety. Below is a brief overview of the key sections relevant to DMAEE:

1. Identification

• Product Name: Dimethyaminoethoxyethanol (DMAEE)
• CAS Number: 102-84-6
• Synonyms: 2-(2-Dimethylaminoethoxy) ethanol, DEAEE, DMEE
• Supplier Information: [Supplier Name], [Address], [Phone Number]

2. Hazard Identification

DMAEE is classified as a skin and eye irritant, and it may cause respiratory irritation if inhaled. Prolonged exposure can lead to skin sensitization and allergic reactions. The compound is not considered flammable, but it has a relatively low flash point, so it should be handled with care to avoid ignition sources. DMAEE is also corrosive to metals, particularly aluminum and zinc, so it should be stored in compatible containers.

3. Composition/Information on Ingredients

• Active Ingredient: Dimethyaminoethoxyethanol (?98%)
• Impurities: Water, residual solvents, and trace amounts of other organic compounds

4. First Aid Measures

• Inhalation: If inhaled, remove the person to fresh air and seek medical attention if symptoms persist.
• Skin Contact: Wash the affected area with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes. If irritation persists, consult a physician.
• Eye Contact: Rinse the eyes with clean water for at least 15 minutes, lifting the eyelids occasionally. Seek immediate medical attention.
• Ingestion: Do not induce vomiting. Give the person a glass of water and seek medical help immediately.

5. Fire-Fighting Measures

DMAEE is not classified as a flammable liquid, but it can ignite at high temperatures. In case of fire, use dry chemical, foam, or carbon dioxide extinguishers. Avoid using water, as it may spread the fire. Firefighters should wear full protective gear, including self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA).

6. Accidental Release Measures

• Spill Response: Contain the spill by covering it with absorbent material, such as sand or vermiculite. Avoid creating dust, as DMAEE can become airborne. Collect the spilled material and dispose of it according to local regulations.
• Environmental Impact: DMAEE is not considered environmentally hazardous, but it should not be released into water bodies or soil. Follow proper disposal procedures to minimize environmental impact.

7. Handling and Storage

• Handling Precautions: Use appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE), including gloves, goggles, and a lab coat. Avoid contact with skin and eyes. Work in a well-ventilated area to prevent inhalation of vapors.
• Storage Conditions: Store DMAEE in tightly sealed containers in a cool, dry, and well-ventilated area. Keep away from heat, sparks, and open flames. Protect from direct sunlight and moisture. Store separately from incompatible materials, such as acids, oxidizers, and metal powders.

8. Exposure Controls/Personal Protection

• Engineering Controls: Use local exhaust ventilation to control airborne concentrations of DMAEE. Install eyewash stations and safety showers in areas where DMAEE is handled.
• Personal Protective Equipment (PPE): Wear chemical-resistant gloves (e.g., nitrile or neoprene), safety goggles, and a face shield when handling DMAEE. A respirator may be required if working in poorly ventilated areas or if airborne concentrations exceed occupational exposure limits (OELs).

9. Physical and Chemical Properties

This section has already been covered in detail earlier in the article.

10. Stability and Reactivity

DMAEE is stable under normal conditions but may decompose at high temperatures (above 240°C). It is incompatible with strong acids, oxidizers, and metal powders. Avoid mixing DMAEE with these substances to prevent violent reactions or the release of toxic fumes.

11. Toxicological Information

• Acute Toxicity: DMAEE is moderately toxic if ingested or inhaled. The LD50 (lethal dose for 50% of test animals) for oral ingestion in rats is approximately 1,500 mg/kg body weight. The LC50 (lethal concentration for 50% of test animals) for inhalation in rats is around 2,000 ppm for 4 hours.
• Chronic Toxicity: Prolonged exposure to DMAEE may cause skin sensitization, respiratory irritation, and liver damage. Long-term studies have shown that repeated exposure can lead to chronic health effects, including dermatitis and asthma.
• Carcinogenicity: DMAEE is not classified as a carcinogen by major regulatory agencies, such as the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) or the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA).

12. Ecological Information

DMAEE is not considered harmful to aquatic life at low concentrations. However, large quantities of DMAEE can cause water pollution and harm aquatic ecosystems. It is important to follow proper disposal procedures to prevent environmental contamination. DMAEE is biodegradable, but its breakdown products may still pose a risk to the environment.

13. Disposal Considerations

Dispose of unused or waste DMAEE in accordance with local, state, and federal regulations. Do not pour DMAEE down drains or into water bodies. For small quantities, DMAEE can be neutralized with acid before disposal. Larger quantities should be sent to a licensed waste disposal facility for incineration or landfilling.

14. Transport Information

DMAEE is classified as a non-hazardous material for transportation purposes. However, it should be labeled with appropriate hazard warnings and shipped in compliant packaging. Follow the guidelines provided by the International Maritime Organization (IMO), the International Air Transport Association (IATA), and the U.S. Department of Transportation (DOT) for safe transport.

15. Regulatory Information

DMAEE is regulated by several international and national agencies, including:

• European Union (EU): DMAEE is listed in the REACH (Registration, Evaluation, Authorization, and Restriction of Chemicals) regulation. Manufacturers and importers must comply with REACH requirements for registration and safety data.
• United States (US): DMAEE is regulated under the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA). It is also subject to the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) standards for workplace exposure.
• China: DMAEE is regulated under the Catalogue of Dangerous Chemicals and the Regulations on the Safety Management of Dangerous Chemicals. Manufacturers and users must obtain the necessary permits and follow safety guidelines.

16. Other Information

For more detailed information on DMAEE, consult the manufacturer’s technical data sheet or contact the supplier directly. Stay updated on the latest research and regulatory changes related to DMAEE to ensure compliance and safety.

Safety Considerations

Health Hazards

DMAEE poses several health risks, particularly when it comes into contact with the skin, eyes, or respiratory system. The following sections outline the potential health hazards associated with DMAEE and provide guidance on how to mitigate these risks.

Skin Irritation and Sensitization

DMAEE can cause skin irritation and, in some cases, sensitization. Prolonged or repeated exposure to the compound may lead to allergic reactions, such as contact dermatitis. Symptoms of skin irritation include redness, itching, swelling, and blistering. To prevent skin exposure, always wear chemical-resistant gloves and long sleeves when handling DMAEE. If skin contact occurs, wash the affected area thoroughly with soap and water. Seek medical attention if irritation persists or worsens.

Eye Irritation

DMAEE can cause severe eye irritation if it comes into contact with the eyes. The compound can damage the cornea and lead to permanent vision loss if not treated promptly. To protect your eyes, wear safety goggles or a face shield when working with DMAEE. If DMAEE gets into your eyes, rinse them immediately with clean water for at least 15 minutes. Lift the eyelids occasionally to ensure thorough rinsing. Seek medical attention as soon as possible, even if no symptoms are present.

Respiratory Irritation

Inhaling DMAEE vapors can cause respiratory irritation, leading to coughing, wheezing, and shortness of breath. Prolonged exposure may result in more serious respiratory issues, such as bronchitis or asthma. To minimize the risk of inhalation, work in a well-ventilated area or use local exhaust ventilation. If you experience respiratory symptoms, move to fresh air and seek medical attention. In cases of severe respiratory distress, call emergency services immediately.

Ingestion

Accidental ingestion of DMAEE can cause nausea, vomiting, and abdominal pain. In severe cases, it may lead to liver damage or other organ dysfunction. If someone ingests DMAEE, do not induce vomiting. Instead, give them a glass of water and seek medical help immediately. Provide the healthcare provider with the SDS and any other relevant information about the exposure.

Environmental Hazards

While DMAEE is not considered highly toxic to the environment, it can still pose risks if released into water bodies or soil. Large quantities of DMAEE can contaminate water supplies and harm aquatic life. To prevent environmental pollution, follow proper disposal procedures and avoid releasing DMAEE into sewers or natural waterways. If a spill occurs, contain it immediately and clean up the affected area using absorbent materials. Dispose of the contaminated materials according to local regulations.

Flammability and Explosion Hazards

Although DMAEE is not classified as a flammable liquid, it has a relatively low flash point (110°C) and can ignite at high temperatures. The compound may also decompose at temperatures above 240°C, releasing toxic fumes. To prevent fires and explosions, store DMAEE away from heat, sparks, and open flames. Keep it in a cool, dry place, and avoid exposing it to direct sunlight. In case of a fire, use dry chemical, foam, or carbon dioxide extinguishers. Never use water, as it may spread the fire.

Corrosivity

DMAEE is corrosive to certain metals, particularly aluminum and zinc. When in contact with these metals, DMAEE can cause pitting, cracking, and other forms of corrosion. To prevent damage to equipment, store DMAEE in compatible containers made of stainless steel, glass, or plastic. Avoid using metal tools or containers that may react with DMAEE. If corrosion occurs, inspect the affected equipment for signs of damage and replace any damaged parts as needed.

Handling Guidelines

Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)

Wearing appropriate PPE is one of the most effective ways to protect yourself from the hazards associated with DMAEE. The following PPE items are recommended when handling this compound:

• Gloves: Chemical-resistant gloves made of nitrile, neoprene, or PVC are ideal for protecting your hands from skin contact with DMAEE. Choose gloves that are thick enough to prevent permeation but flexible enough to allow dexterity.
• Goggles or Face Shield: Safety goggles or a face shield are essential for protecting your eyes from splashes and mists. Make sure the goggles fit snugly and provide adequate coverage around the eyes.
• Lab Coat or Coveralls: A lab coat or coveralls can protect your clothing and skin from accidental spills and splashes. Choose a lightweight, breathable fabric that is easy to clean or dispose of after use.
• Respirator: If you are working in a poorly ventilated area or if airborne concentrations of DMAEE exceed occupational exposure limits (OELs), a respirator may be necessary. Choose a respirator that is approved for use with organic vapors and fits properly to ensure maximum protection.

Engineering Controls

In addition to PPE, engineering controls can help reduce exposure to DMAEE and minimize the risk of accidents. The following engineering controls are recommended:

• Local Exhaust Ventilation (LEV): LEV systems can capture airborne vapors and particulates at the source, preventing them from entering the workspace. Install LEV units near areas where DMAEE is handled or processed to maintain a safe working environment.
• Fume Hoods: Fume hoods are enclosed workstations that provide additional protection against inhalation hazards. Use a fume hood when working with DMAEE in a laboratory setting or when performing tasks that generate significant amounts of vapor.
• Eyewash Stations and Safety Showers: Eyewash stations and safety showers should be installed in areas where DMAEE is handled. These emergency devices allow workers to quickly rinse their eyes or body in case of accidental exposure. Ensure that eyewash stations and safety showers are easily accessible and regularly maintained.

Proper Storage

Storing DMAEE correctly is crucial for maintaining its stability and preventing accidents. Follow these guidelines for safe storage:

• Temperature Control: Store DMAEE in a cool, dry place with a temperature range of 10-25°C. Avoid exposing the compound to extreme temperatures, as this can affect its stability and increase the risk of decomposition.
• Humidity Control: DMAEE is hygroscopic, meaning it can absorb moisture from the air. Store the compound in tightly sealed containers to prevent moisture absorption, which can degrade its quality and effectiveness.
• Light Protection: DMAEE is sensitive to light, so it should be stored in opaque containers or in a dark room. Exposure to UV light can accelerate the decomposition of DMAEE, leading to the formation of toxic byproducts.
• Compatibility: Store DMAEE separately from incompatible materials, such as acids, oxidizers, and metal powders. Mixing DMAEE with these substances can result in violent reactions or the release of toxic fumes. Use compatible containers and labels to clearly identify the contents and potential hazards.

Spill Response

Accidental spills of DMAEE can pose a significant risk to both human health and the environment. Follow these steps to respond to a spill:

• Contain the Spill: Use absorbent materials, such as sand, vermiculite, or spill pillows, to contain the spill and prevent it from spreading. Avoid creating dust, as DMAEE can become airborne and pose an inhalation hazard.
• Clean Up the Spill: Once the spill is contained, collect the absorbent material and dispose of it according to local regulations. Use a neutralizing agent, such as acetic acid, to neutralize any remaining DMAEE before cleaning the affected area with water and detergent.
• Dispose of Contaminated Materials: Place all contaminated materials, including gloves, rags, and absorbent pads, in a sealed container for proper disposal. Follow local guidelines for disposing of hazardous waste, and ensure that the waste is transported to a licensed facility for treatment or incineration.

Waste Disposal

Proper disposal of DMAEE is essential for protecting the environment and complying with regulatory requirements. Follow these guidelines for safe disposal:

• Neutralization: For small quantities of DMAEE, neutralize the compound with acid before disposal. This will reduce its alkalinity and make it safer to handle. Use a weak acid, such as acetic acid, and carefully monitor the pH to ensure complete neutralization.
• Landfilling: Larger quantities of DMAEE should be sent to a licensed waste disposal facility for landfilling. Ensure that the facility is equipped to handle hazardous waste and follows all applicable regulations.
• Incineration: Incineration is a common method for disposing of DMAEE, as it effectively destroys the compound and minimizes environmental impact. Send DMAEE to a facility that specializes in hazardous waste incineration and complies with emissions standards.
• Recycling: In some cases, DMAEE can be recycled or reused in industrial processes. Explore opportunities for recycling DMAEE within your organization or through third-party providers. Ensure that the recycling process is safe and environmentally friendly.

Conclusion

DMAEE is a valuable chemical compound with a wide range of applications, but it requires careful handling to ensure safety and compliance with regulatory standards. By understanding the physical and chemical properties of DMAEE, recognizing the potential hazards, and following proper handling and disposal guidelines, you can minimize the risks associated with this compound and protect both human health and the environment. Always refer to the SDS and stay informed about the latest research and regulations related to DMAEE to ensure safe and responsible use.

References

• American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH). (2021). Threshold Limit Values and Biological Exposure Indices. Cincinnati, OH: ACGIH.
• European Chemicals Agency (ECHA). (2020). REACH Registration Dossier for Dimethyaminoethoxyethanol. Helsinki, Finland: ECHA.
• National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH). (2019). Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards. Atlanta, GA: NIOSH.
• Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA). (2021). Occupational Exposure to Hazardous Chemicals in Laboratories. Washington, DC: OSHA.
• U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). (2020). Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) Inventory. Washington, DC: EPA.
• World Health Organization (WHO). (2018). Guidelines for Drinking-Water Quality. Geneva, Switzerland: WHO.

Extended reading:https://www.bdmaee.net/fascat4102-catalyst-monobutyl-tin-triisooctanoate-cas-23850-94-4/

Extended reading:https://www.morpholine.org/dabco-dc2-delayed-catalyst-dabco-dc2/

Extended reading:https://www.bdmaee.net/nt-cat-ba-33-catalyst-cas280-57-9-newtopchem/

Extended reading:https://www.newtopchem.com/archives/1129

Extended reading:https://www.cyclohexylamine.net/high-quality-pentamethyldipropene-triamine-cas-3855-32-1-2610-trimethyl-2610-triazaundecane/

Extended reading:https://www.bdmaee.net/dabco-ne1060-catalyst-cas10046-12-1-evonik-germany/

Extended reading:https://www.bdmaee.net/fomrez-sul-11a-catalyst-momentive/

Extended reading:https://www.bdmaee.net/dabco-ne1080-catalyst-cas31506-44-2-evonik-germany/

Extended reading:https://www.bdmaee.net/di-n-butyl-tin-dilaurate/

Extended reading:https://www.newtopchem.com/archives/535