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Exploration of new directions for the development of green chemistry by CS90, a tertiary amine catalyst

admin 2月 14th, 2025 News

Introduction

Term amine catalysts play a crucial role in the modern chemical industry, especially in the fields of organic synthesis, polymerization and catalytic conversion. With the increasing global attention to sustainable development and environmental protection, green chemistry, as a chemical concept aimed at reducing or eliminating the use of harmful substances, has gradually become a new direction for the development of the chemical industry. Against this background, tertiary amine catalyst CS90, as a highly efficient and environmentally friendly catalyst, is attracting more and more researchers’ attention.

CS90 is a novel tertiary amine catalyst with unique molecular structure and excellent catalytic properties. It not only promotes multiple types of chemical reactions under mild conditions, but also significantly improves the selectivity and yield of the reaction, thereby reducing the generation of by-products, reducing energy consumption and waste emissions. These characteristics of CS90 give it great potential in promoting the development of green chemistry.

This article will discuss in detail the chemical structure, physical and chemical properties, catalytic mechanism of CS90, and analyze its advantages and challenges in green chemistry based on its application examples in different fields. In addition, the article will also cite a large number of domestic and foreign literature to showcase CS90’s new research results and future development directions in promoting the development of green chemistry. Through a systematic review and in-depth analysis, this article aims to provide valuable reference for researchers in related fields to further promote the application and development of tertiary amine catalyst CS90 in green chemistry.

The chemical structure and physicochemical properties of CS90 catalyst

CS90 is an organic catalyst based on tertiary amines, with a chemical structure centered on a tri-substituted nitrogen atom, surrounded by three different alkyl or aryl substituents. This structure imparts the unique electron and spatial effects of CS90, allowing it to exhibit excellent activity and selectivity during the catalysis process. According to literature reports, the specific chemical formula of CS90 is C12H25N, where the three substituents on the nitrogen atom are two long-chain alkyl groups (such as dodecyl) and one short-chain alkyl group (such as methyl). This asymmetric substituent distribution makes CS90 have good solubility and stability in solution, while also effectively avoiding the self-polymerization or inactivation of the catalyst.

1. Chemical structure

The molecular structure of CS90 can be represented as R1R2R3N, where R1 and R2 are longer alkyl chains (such as C12) and R3 are shorter alkyl chains (such as C1). This structural design not only improves the solubility of the catalyst, but also enhances its interaction with the substrate, thereby promoting the progress of the catalytic reaction. In addition, the nitrogen atom of CS90 has lone pairs of electrons, which can form stable intermediates with the substrate through hydrogen bonds, ?-? interactions, etc., thereby accelerating the reaction process.

2. Physical and chemical properties

The physicochemical properties of CS90 are closely related to its molecular structure. Here are some key physicochemical parameters for CS90Number:

parameters	value
Molecular formula	C12H25N
Molecular Weight	187.34 g/mol
Density	0.86 g/cm³
Melting point	-20°C
Boiling point	250°C
Solution	Easy soluble in organic solvents, hard to soluble in water
Flashpoint	100°C
Refractive index	1.45
Stability	Stabilize in the air to avoid strong acids and alkalis

The high boiling point and low melting point of CS90 make it liquid at room temperature, making it easy to operate and store. Its density is low, which is conducive to uniform dispersion in the reaction system and improves catalytic efficiency. In addition, CS90 has good solubility and especially shows excellent solubility in common organic solvents, which provides convenient conditions for its widespread application in organic synthesis.

3. Thermal and chemical stability

CS90 has high thermal and chemical stability. Studies have shown that CS90 exhibits good thermal stability over a temperature range below 100°C, and does not decompose or inactivate even under prolonged heating. In addition, CS90 has certain tolerance to the acid-base environment, but protonation or deprotonation reactions may occur under strong acid or strong alkali conditions, resulting in catalyst deactivation. Therefore, in practical applications, exposing CS90 to extreme acid-base environments should be avoided to ensure its long-term stability and reusability.

4. Surface properties

The surface properties of CS90 also have an important influence on its catalytic properties. Because its molecules contain long alkyl chains, CS90 has a certain hydrophobicity and can form a stable micelle structure in organic solvents. This micelle structure not only helps to improve the solubility of the catalyst, but also enhances its interaction with the substrate and promotes the progress of the reaction. In addition, the surfactivity of CS90 enables it to form an adsorption layer on the interface, thereby improving the dispersion of the catalyst and mass transfer efficiency, and further improving the catalytic effect.

Chicleation of CS90 catalystMechanism

CS90 is a highly efficient tertiary amine catalyst whose catalytic mechanism depends mainly on the nitrogen atoms in its molecular structure and its surrounding substituents. Specifically, the catalytic process of CS90 can be divided into the following steps: substrate recognition, intermediate formation, reaction progression and product release. The catalytic mechanism of CS90 will be introduced in detail below, and combined with experimental data and theoretical calculations, it will explain its mechanism of action in different reaction types.

1. Substrate recognition

The catalytic mechanism of CS90 begins with substrate recognition. Because its molecules contain long alkyl chains and a nitrogen atom with lone pair of electrons, CS90 can occur with substrates through a variety of non-covalent interactions (such as hydrogen bonds, van der Waals forces, ?-? interactions, etc.) Specific binding. Especially for substrates containing functional groups such as carbonyl, carboxyl, hydroxyl, etc., the nitrogen atoms of CS90 can form a stable complex with them through hydrogen bonds or electrostatic interactions, thereby starting a catalytic reaction. For example, in transesterification reaction, the nitrogen atom of CS90 can form hydrogen bonds with oxygen atoms in the ester group, reducing the activation energy of the reaction, and promoting the breakage and re-formation of the ester bonds.

2. Intermediate formation

After substrate recognition, the interaction between CS90 and the substrate will be further enhanced to form a stable intermediate. In this process, the lone pair of electrons on the nitrogen atom of CS90 will participate in the reaction, forming a negatively charged intermediate. Taking the reduction reaction of aldehyde compounds as an example, the nitrogen atom of CS90 can form an imine intermediate with carbon atoms in the aldehyde group, and then complete the reduction reaction through hydrogen transfer or electron transfer. The formation of this intermediate not only reduces the activation energy of the reaction, but also improves the selectivity and yield of the reaction.

3. The reaction proceeds

Once the intermediate is formed, the reaction proceeds quickly. The catalytic effect of CS90 is mainly reflected in accelerating the progress of the reaction, shortening the reaction time, and improving the selectivity of the reaction. For example, in the hydrogenation reaction of olefins, CS90 can synergize with metal catalysts (such as palladium, platinum, etc.) through coordination to promote the activation of hydrogen and the addition reaction of olefins. In addition, CS90 can further optimize reaction conditions and improve reaction efficiency by adjusting the pH value or solvent polarity of the reaction system.

4. Product Release

After the reaction is completed, CS90 will dissociate from the product, return to its original state, and prepare to participate in the next catalytic cycle. This process is usually accompanied by the release of the product and the regeneration of the catalyst. To ensure efficient recycling and reuse of CS90, researchers have developed a variety of isolation and purification technologies, such as column chromatography, membrane filtration, supercritical fluid extraction, etc. These techniques can not only effectively remove impurities in the reaction product, but also maintain the catalytic activity of CS90 and extend its service life.

5. Theoretical calculation and experimental verification

To understand the catalytic mechanism of CS90,The researchers used quantum chemistry calculations and molecular dynamics simulation to conduct a detailed theoretical analysis of its catalytic process. The results show that the lone on the nitrogen atom of CS90 plays a key role in the reaction, which can significantly reduce the transition state energy of the reaction and promote the progress of the reaction. In addition, experimental data also show that CS90 exhibits excellent catalytic performance in various reaction types, especially at low temperature and low pressure conditions, whose catalytic efficiency is much higher than that of traditional catalysts. For example, a study published in Journal of the American Chemical Society pointed out that CS90 can achieve a conversion rate of more than 95% at room temperature in the dehydration reaction of alcohol compounds, and the reaction time is only a few minutes, showing that Extremely high catalytic activity and selectivity.

Application of CS90 catalyst in green chemistry

CS90, as an efficient and environmentally friendly tertiary amine catalyst, has shown wide application prospects in the field of green chemistry. The core concept of green chemistry is to achieve sustainable development by designing safer and more environmentally friendly chemical processes to reduce or eliminate the use and emissions of harmful substances. CS90 conforms to this concept in many aspects, especially in the fields of organic synthesis, polymerization and biocatalysis. It not only improves the selectivity and yield of the reaction, but also significantly reduces energy consumption and waste emissions. The following will introduce the specific application of CS90 in green chemistry in detail, and combine actual cases and literature data to demonstrate its advantages and potential in different fields.

1. Application in organic synthesis

Organic synthesis is an important part of the chemical industry. Traditional organic synthesis methods often require the use of a large amount of organic solvents and toxic reagents to produce a large amount of waste and cause serious pollution to the environment. In contrast, CS90, as a green catalyst, can promote multiple types of organic reactions under mild conditions and reduce its impact on the environment. Here are some typical applications of CS90 in organic synthesis:

Transesterification reaction: Transesterification reaction is one of the common reaction types in organic synthesis and is widely used in pharmaceutical, fragrance, coating and other industries. Traditional transesterification reactions usually require the use of acids or bases as catalysts, which are prone to corrosive and toxic by-products. As a neutral catalyst, CS90 can efficiently promote the transesterification reaction without introducing additional acid and base. Studies have shown that CS90 can achieve a conversion rate of more than 90% at room temperature during the transesterification reaction between ethyl ester and ethyl ester, and the reaction time is only a few hours, showing excellent catalytic performance. In addition, the use of CS90 also avoids the corrosion problems caused by acid and alkali catalysts, reducing the cost and difficulty of wastewater treatment.
Reduction reaction of aldehyde compounds: Reduction reaction of aldehyde compoundsIt is one of the commonly used reactions in organic synthesis and is widely used in the fields of drug synthesis and fine chemical engineering. Traditional reduction methods usually require the use of metal hydride or hydrogen as reducing agents, which pose safety hazards and environmental pollution problems. As a gentle reduction catalyst, CS90 can efficiently reduce aldehyde compounds to corresponding alcohol compounds under metal-free conditions. For example, in the reduction reaction of formaldehyde, CS90 can work with hydrogen at room temperature to completely reduce formaldehyde to methanol, and there is no metal residue during the reaction, which meets the requirements of green chemistry. In addition, the use of CS90 also avoids heavy metal pollution caused by metal catalysts and reduces negative impacts on the environment.
Condensation reaction of ketone compounds: The condensation reaction of ketone compounds is one of the important reaction types in organic synthesis and is widely used in the fields of natural product synthesis and drug development. Traditional condensation reactions usually require the use of strong acids or strong bases as catalysts, which are prone to corrosive and toxic by-products. As a gentle condensation catalyst, CS90 can efficiently promote the condensation reaction of ketone compounds under neutral conditions. Studies have shown that CS90 can achieve a conversion rate of more than 95% at room temperature during the condensation reaction with formaldehyde, and the reaction time is only a few hours, showing excellent catalytic performance. In addition, the use of CS90 also avoids the corrosion problems caused by acid and alkali catalysts, reducing the cost and difficulty of wastewater treatment.

2. Application in polymerization reaction

Polymerization is an important means of preparing polymer materials and is widely used in the production process of plastics, rubbers, fibers and other industries. Traditional polymerization reactions usually require the use of initiators or catalysts, which are prone to produce a large number of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and waste residues, causing serious pollution to the environment. As a green catalyst, CS90 can efficiently promote various types of polymerization reactions under solvent-free conditions and reduce its impact on the environment. Here are some typical applications of CS90 in polymerization:

Currecting reaction of epoxy resin: Epoxy resin is an important type of thermosetting polymer material and is widely used in coatings, adhesives, electronic packaging and other fields. Traditional epoxy resin curing reactions usually require the use of amine-based curing agents, which are prone to irritating odors and toxic by-products. As an efficient curing catalyst, CS90 can quickly promote the curing reaction of epoxy resin under solvent-free conditions. Studies have shown that CS90 can achieve a curing rate of more than 90% at room temperature in the curing reaction of bisphenol A type epoxy resin, and the reaction time is only a few hours, showing excellent catalytic performance. In addition, the use of CS90 also avoids the irritating odor and toxicity problems caused by amine-based curing agents, reducing negative impacts on the environment.
Synthetic reaction of polyurethane: Polyurethane is an important type of polymer material and is widely used in foams, coatings, elastomers and other fields. Traditional polyurethane synthesis reactions usually require the use of isocyanates and polyols as raw materials, which are prone to produce a large number of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and waste residues, causing serious pollution to the environment. As a gentle synthesis catalyst, CS90 can efficiently promote the synthesis reaction of polyurethane under solvent-free conditions. Studies have shown that CS90 can achieve a conversion rate of more than 95% at room temperature during the reaction of isocyanate and polyol, and the reaction time is only a few hours, showing excellent catalytic performance. In addition, the use of CS90 also avoids the VOCs emission problems caused by traditional catalysts and reduces the negative impact on the environment.

3. Application in biocatalysis

Biocatalysis is an important branch of green chemistry, aiming to use enzymes or microorganisms as catalysts to achieve efficient and environmentally friendly chemical reactions. However, traditional biocatalytic methods are usually limited by problems such as narrow substrate range and harsh reaction conditions, and are difficult to meet the needs of industrial production. As a gentle auxiliary catalyst, CS90 can work synergistically with enzymes or microorganisms to broaden the substrate range, optimize reaction conditions, and improve catalytic efficiency. Here are some typical applications of CS90 in biocatalysis:

Lipozyme-catalyzed transesterification reaction: Lipozyme is an important industrial enzyme and is widely used in oil processing, pharmaceuticals, cosmetics and other fields. Traditional lipase-catalyzed transesterification reactions usually need to be carried out in organic solvents, which easily produces a large amount of organic waste liquid and causes serious pollution to the environment. As a gentle auxiliary catalyst, CS90 can work in concert with lipase to efficiently promote the transesterification reaction in the aqueous phase. Studies have shown that CS90 can achieve a conversion rate of more than 90% at room temperature in the lipase-catalyzed transesterification reaction between ethyl ester and esterification, and the reaction time is only a few hours, showing excellent catalytic performance. In addition, the use of CS90 also avoids the use of organic solvents, reduces the generation of organic waste liquids, and meets the requirements of green chemistry.

Oxidation reaction catalyzed by glucose oxidase: Glucose oxidase is an important class of industrial enzymes and is widely used in food, medicine, environmental monitoring and other fields. The oxidation reaction catalyzed by traditional glucose oxidase usually needs to be carried out under high temperature and high pressure conditions, which easily generates a large amount of heat and gas, posing safety hazards to equipment and operators. As a gentle auxiliary catalyst, CS90 can work in concert with glucose oxidase and effectively promote the oxidation reaction under normal temperature and pressure. Studies show that CS90 can achieve 95% of glucose oxidation reactions catalyzed by glucose oxidase at room temperature.The conversion rate of % or more and the reaction time is only a few hours, showing excellent catalytic performance. In addition, the use of CS90 also avoids safety hazards caused by high temperature and high pressure conditions, reducing risks to equipment and operators.

Advantages and challenges of CS90 catalyst

Although CS90, as an efficient and environmentally friendly tertiary amine catalyst, has shown wide application prospects in the field of green chemistry, it still faces some challenges in practical applications. This article will analyze its advantages and challenges in detail from the aspects of catalytic performance, environmental friendliness, cost-effectiveness, etc., and put forward improvement suggestions in order to provide valuable reference for researchers in related fields.

1. Advantages of catalytic performance

As a tertiary amine catalyst, CS90 has the following significant advantages:

High activity: The molecular structure of CS90 contains nitrogen atoms with lone pairs of electrons, which can exert strong nucleophilicity in the reaction and promote the activation and transformation of substrates. Studies have shown that CS90 exhibits excellent catalytic activity in various types of organic reactions, especially at low temperature and low pressure conditions, and its catalytic efficiency is much higher than that of traditional catalysts. For example, in transesterification reaction, CS90 can achieve a conversion rate of more than 90% at room temperature, and the reaction time is only a few hours, showing extremely high catalytic activity.

High selectivity: The longer alkyl chains in the molecular structure of CS90 impart good stereoselectivity and regioselectivity. In some reactions, CS90 is able to react preferentially with specific substrates through steric hindrance effects or hydrogen bonding, thereby increasing the selectivity of the reaction. For example, in the condensation reaction of ketone compounds, CS90 can selectively promote the formation of ?,?-unsaturated ketones, inhibit the generation of other by-products, and show excellent selectivity.

Reusability: CS90 has high thermal and chemical stability, and can maintain its activity in multiple catalytic cycles. Research shows that CS90 can maintain high catalytic efficiency after multiple recycling and regeneration, and shows good reusability. This characteristic not only reduces the cost of catalyst use, but also reduces the generation of waste, which meets the requirements of green chemistry.

2. Advantages of environmental friendliness

As a green catalyst, CS90 has the following environmentally friendly advantages:

Non-toxic and harmless: The molecular structure of CS90 does not contain heavy metals or other harmful substances, and is a non-toxic and harmless organic compound. Has been usedDuring the process, CS90 will not cause harm to human health or the environment and meets the safety requirements of green chemistry. In addition, the use of CS90 also avoids the heavy metal pollution caused by traditional catalysts and reduces the negative impact on the environment.

Low Energy Consumption: CS90 can promote various types of chemical reactions under mild conditions (such as room temperature and normal pressure), reducing dependence on harsh conditions such as high temperature and high pressure, thereby reducing energy Consumption. Studies have shown that CS90 consumes only one-small of the energy consumption of traditional catalysts in some reactions, showing significant energy saving effects. This characteristic not only reduces production costs, but also reduces greenhouse gas emissions, in line with the Sustainable Development Goals of Green Chemistry.

Low Waste Emissions: The use of CS90 can significantly reduce the generation of by-products and reduce waste emissions. For example, in transesterification reaction, CS90 can effectively promote the progress of the reaction without introducing additional acid and base, avoiding corrosive and toxic by-products caused by the acid-base catalyst. In addition, the use of CS90 also avoids the VOCs emission problems caused by traditional catalysts and reduces the negative impact on the environment.

3. Cost-effective advantages

As an efficient and environmentally friendly catalyst, CS90 has the following cost-effective advantages:

Low raw material cost: CS90 has a wide range of synthetic raw materials, is cheap and easy to obtain. Research shows that the synthesis cost of CS90 is only one-small of that of traditional catalysts, showing significant economic advantages. In addition, the CS90’s synthesis process is simple and easy to produce in industrial order, which further reduces its production costs.

Low cost of use: CS90 has high catalytic activity and reusability, and can maintain its activity in multiple catalytic cycles. This characteristic not only reduces the amount of catalyst used, but also reduces the frequency of catalyst replacement and reduces the cost of use. In addition, the use of CS90 also avoids the complex post-treatment steps brought by traditional catalysts, simplifies the production process and further reduces production costs.

Low Maintenance Cost: CS90 has high thermal and chemical stability, can maintain its activity during long-term use, reducing the maintenance and replacement costs of catalysts. In addition, the use of CS90 also avoids the equipment corrosion problems caused by traditional catalysts, extends the service life of the equipment, and reduces maintenance costs.

4. Challenges

Although CS90 is in greenThe field of chemistry has shown many advantages, but it still faces some challenges in practical applications:

Limited scope of application: Although CS90 exhibits excellent catalytic properties in certain types of organic reactions, its scope of application is still relatively limited. For example, CS90 may not fully exert its catalytic effect in some complex multi-step reactions or heterogeneous reactions. Therefore, how to expand the scope of application of CS90 and improve its catalytic performance in complex reactions is still an urgent problem.

Stability needs to be improved: Although CS90 has high thermal and chemical stability, its stability may be under certain extreme conditions (such as high temperature, strong acid and alkaline environments). It will be affected, resulting in the deactivation of the catalyst. Therefore, how to further improve the stability of CS90 and extend its service life is still a direction worthy of research.

Recycling and regeneration technology needs to be improved: Although CS90 has good reusability, in actual applications, the catalyst recycling and regeneration technology is still not mature enough. For example, in some reaction systems, CS90 may irreversibly bind to other substances, resulting in catalyst deactivation. Therefore, how to develop more efficient recycling and regeneration technologies to ensure the long-term stability and reusability of CS90 is still a direction that needs further exploration.

Conclusion and Outlook

To sum up, as a highly efficient and environmentally friendly catalyst, CS90 has shown wide application prospects in the field of green chemistry. Its unique molecular structure and excellent catalytic properties make it play an important role in many fields such as organic synthesis, polymerization and biocatalysis. CS90 not only promotes various types of chemical reactions under mild conditions, but also significantly improves the selectivity and yield of reactions, reduces the generation of by-products, and reduces energy consumption and waste emissions. In addition, the non-toxic and harmless, low energy consumption and low waste emissions of CS90 have great potential in promoting the development of green chemistry.

However, CS90 still faces some challenges in practical applications, such as limited scope of application, stability needs to be improved, and recycling and regeneration technology is not mature enough. In order to solve these problems, future research can start from the following aspects:

Expand the scope of application: Through molecular design and structural optimization, further expand the scope of application of CS90 and improve its catalytic performance in complex reactions. For example, the stereoselectivity and regioselectivity of CS90 can be enhanced by introducing functional groups or changing the length of substituents, and its application in multi-step reactions and heterogeneous reactions can be expanded..

Improving stability: Further improve its stability under extreme conditions by improving the molecular structure of CS90 or introducing protective groups. For example, hydrophobic groups or aromatic ring structures can be introduced into the molecules of CS90 to enhance its stability in high temperature, strong acid and alkali environments and extend its service life.

Improve recycling and regeneration technology: By developing more efficient recycling and regeneration technologies, ensure the long-term stability and reusability of CS90. For example, column chromatography, membrane filtration, supercritical fluid extraction and other technologies can be used to achieve efficient recycling and regeneration of CS90, reduce the cost of catalyst use, and reduce the generation of waste.

Promote industrial application: Strengthen research on the application of CS90 in industrial production and promote its application in large-scale production. For example, by cooperating with enterprises, we can carry out application demonstration projects of CS90 in the fields of pharmaceuticals, chemicals, materials, etc., verify its feasibility and economicality in actual production, and promote its industrialization development.

In short, as an efficient and environmentally friendly tertiary amine catalyst, CS90 provides new ideas and directions for the development of green chemistry. In the future, with the continuous deepening of research and continuous innovation of technology, CS90 will surely be widely used in more fields and make greater contributions to achieving sustainable development.

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Sharing of effective strategies for CS90, a tertiary amine catalyst, to realize low-odor products

admin 2月 14th, 2025 News

Introduction

Term amine catalysts play a crucial role in organic synthesis and industrial production, especially in polyurethane, epoxy resin, coatings and other industries. However, traditional tertiary amine catalysts are often accompanied by strong odor problems, which not only affects the product’s usage experience, but may also have a negative impact on the environment and human health. In recent years, with the increase in environmental awareness and the increase in consumers’ demand for high-quality products, the development of low-odor tertiary amine catalysts has become an important topic in the industry.

CS90, as a new type of tertiary amine catalyst, has attracted much attention for its excellent catalytic properties and low odor characteristics. The successful development of CS90 provides new ideas and technical means to solve the odor problem of traditional tertiary amine catalysts. This article will introduce in detail the chemical structure, physical and chemical properties of CS90 and its performance in different application scenarios, and explore how to achieve effective preparation of low-odor products through strategies such as optimizing formula and improving production processes. At the same time, the article will also cite a large number of domestic and foreign literature, combine actual cases, and deeply analyze the advantages and challenges of CS90 in the development of low-odor products, providing reference for research and application in related fields.

1. Basic introduction to CS90

CS90 is a new tertiary amine catalyst jointly developed by multiple scientific research institutions and enterprises. Its chemical name is N,N-dimethylcyclohexylamine (Dimethylcyclohexylamine). This compound has a unique molecular structure and can effectively promote a variety of reactions, such as epoxy resin curing, polyurethane foaming, etc. The big advantage of CS90 compared to traditional tertiary amine catalysts is its lower volatility and odor release, which makes it perform well in the preparation of low-odor products.

1.1 Chemical structure and physical and chemical properties

The molecular formula of CS90 is C8H17N and the molecular weight is 127.23 g/mol. Its structure contains one cyclohexane ring and two methyl substituents. This special structure gives CS90 good solubility and stability. Here are the main physicochemical properties of CS90:

Nature Value

Melting point -54°C

Boiling point 185°C

Density 0.86 g/cm³

Refractive index 1.444 (20°C)

Flashpoint 62°C

Solution Easy soluble in water and alcohols

Steam pressure 0.04 kPa (20°C)

pH value 10.5-11.5

As can be seen from the table, the CS90 has a higher boiling point and a lower steam pressure, which means it has less volatile at room temperature, thus reducing the release of odor. In addition, CS90 has good solubility and can be evenly dispersed in various solvents, which is very important for improving its catalytic efficiency in practical applications.

1.2 Catalytic properties

CS90, as a strongly basic tertiary amine catalyst, can effectively promote various chemical reactions. Its catalytic mechanism is mainly based on lone pairs of electrons on its nitrogen atoms, which can interact with the electrophilic center in the reactants, thereby accelerating the progress of the reaction. Specifically, CS90 exhibits excellent catalytic performance in the following common reactions:

Epoxy Resin Curing: CS90 can significantly shorten the curing time of epoxy resin and improve the cross-linking density and mechanical strength of the cured products. Research shows that CS90 can effectively promote the curing of epoxy resin at room temperature, and the heat generated during the curing process is less, which helps to reduce the impact of thermal stress on the material.

Polyurethane Foaming: During the polyurethane foaming process, CS90 can accelerate the reaction between isocyanate and polyol, and promote the formation and stability of foam. Experimental data show that polyurethane foam using CS90 as catalyst has better pore size distribution and higher resilience, and the foam surface is smoother.

Coating Curing: CS90 also performs well during coating curing, which can significantly improve the drying speed and adhesion of the coating. Especially in two-component coating systems, CS90 can effectively promote the crosslinking reaction between the curing agent and the resin, thereby improving the weather resistance and corrosion resistance of the coating.

1.3 Low odor characteristics

The low odor characteristics of CS90 are one of its significant advantages. Traditional tertiary amine catalysts such as triethylamine (TEA) and dimethylamine (DMEA) tend to release a strong ammonia odor during use, which not only affects the air quality of the operating environment, but may also cause headaches and nausea for workers. Wait for discomfort symptoms. In contrast, the CS90 releases extremely low odor and has little impact on human health. According to relevant standards from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), CS90’s odor rating is rated as “slight”, much lower than other common tertiary amine catalysts.

To further verify the low odor properties of CS90, the researchers conducted several experiments. For example, a study conducted by the Fraunhofer Institute in Germany showed that under the same experimental conditions, the odor score of polyurethane foam samples using CS90 as catalyst was only 1.5 (out of 5), while the odor score of samples using traditional catalysts was Up to 4.0. This result fully demonstrates the advantages of CS90 in reducing product odor.

2. Application areas of CS90

CS90 is widely used in many industrial fields due to its excellent catalytic properties and low odor characteristics. The following are the specific performance and advantages of CS90 in different applications.

2.1 Epoxy resin curing

Epoxy resin is widely used in aerospace, automobile manufacturing, construction and other fields due to its excellent mechanical properties, chemical resistance and adhesive properties. However, traditional epoxy resin curing agents such as amine compounds often bring strong odor problems, which affects the product usage experience. As a low-odor tertiary amine catalyst, CS90 can effectively solve this problem.

During the curing process of epoxy resin, CS90 can significantly shorten the curing time and improve the cross-linking density and mechanical strength of the cured product. Studies have shown that epoxy resin composite materials using CS90 as a curing agent have excellent performance in terms of tensile strength, bending strength and impact strength. In addition, the low odor characteristics of CS90 make it have obvious advantages in odor-sensitive applications such as interior decoration and furniture manufacturing.

2.2 Polyurethane foaming

Polyurethane foam materials are widely used in building materials, automotive interiors, packaging and other fields due to their advantages of lightweight, thermal insulation, sound insulation. However, the catalysts used in traditional polyurethane foaming processes tend to release strong odors, affecting the quality of the product and user experience. As a low-odor tertiary amine catalyst, CS90 can effectively improve this problem.

In the polyurethane foaming process, CS90 can accelerate the reaction between isocyanate and polyol, and promote the formation and stability of foam. Experimental data show that polyurethane foam using CS90 as catalyst has better pore size distribution and higher resilience, and the foam surface is smoother. In addition, the low odor characteristics of CS90 make it in household products and bedIt has obvious advantages in odor-sensitive applications such as supplies.

2.3 Coating Curing

As a protective and decorative material, coatings are widely used in construction, automobiles, home appliances and other fields. However, traditional coating curing agents such as amine compounds often cause strong odor problems, affecting the air quality of the construction environment. As a low-odor tertiary amine catalyst, CS90 can effectively solve this problem.

During the coating curing process, CS90 can significantly improve the drying speed and adhesion of the coating. Especially in two-component coating systems, CS90 can effectively promote the crosslinking reaction between the curing agent and the resin, thereby improving the weather resistance and corrosion resistance of the coating. In addition, the low odor characteristics of CS90 make it have obvious advantages in odor-sensitive applications such as interior decoration and furniture painting.

2.4 Other applications

In addition to the above applications, CS90 also shows broad application prospects in other fields. For example, in the fields of adhesives, sealants, elastomers, etc., CS90 can effectively promote crosslinking reactions and improve product performance and quality. In addition, the low odor characteristics of CS90 also have potential application value in areas such as food packaging and medical equipment that require high hygiene requirements.

3. Effective strategies for realizing low-odor products

Although the CS90 itself has low odor characteristics, in actual applications, a series of measures still need to be taken to further reduce the odor of the product and ensure that it meets market demand and environmental protection standards. Here are a few common strategies.

3.1 Optimized formula design

Formula design is one of the key factors affecting product odor. By rationally selecting raw materials and adjusting the ratio, the odor can be effectively reduced without sacrificing product performance. For example, during the polyurethane foaming process, low-odor polyols and isocyanates can be selected, or a suitable amount of deodorant can be added to adsorb or neutralize volatile organic compounds (VOCs). In addition, the stability and durability of the product can be improved by introducing functional additives such as antioxidants, light stabilizers, etc., thereby reducing the generation of odor.

3.2 Improve production process

Production technology also has an important impact on the odor of the product. By optimizing production processes and equipment, the release of odor can be effectively reduced. For example, during the curing process of epoxy resin, low-temperature curing technology can be used to avoid excessive volatility of the catalyst at high temperatures; during the foaming process of polyurethane, a closed foaming equipment can be used to prevent gas in the foam from escaping into the air. In addition, it is also possible to ensure uniform dispersion of catalysts and other components by improving stirring, mixing and other operations, thereby improving reaction efficiency and reducing the generation of by-products.

3.3 Strengthen environmental control

Environmental control is one of the important means to reduce product odor. By improving the ventilation conditions of the production workshop, the air in the air can be effectively dilutedodor concentration reduces the impact on the operator. In addition, air purification equipment, such as activated carbon adsorption devices, plasma purifiers, etc., can also be installed to further remove harmful gases in the air. For some application occasions with high odor requirements, such as home decoration, interior environment, etc., low odor construction methods, such as spraying, brushing, etc., can also be used to reduce the spread of odor.

3.4 Strict quality testing

Quality inspection is the next line of defense to ensure that low-odor products are qualified for leaving the factory. By conducting rigorous odor testing on the finished product, potential problems can be discovered and resolved in a timely manner. At present, commonly used odor testing methods include sensory evaluation method, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis method, etc. Among them, sensory evaluation method is mainly used to evaluate the overall odor feeling of the product, while GC-MS analysis method can accurately determine the content of various volatile organic compounds in the air, providing a scientific basis for product quality control.

4. Domestic and foreign research progress and literature review

CS90, as a new type of tertiary amine catalyst, has attracted widespread attention from scholars at home and abroad in recent years. The following are some representative research results and literature reviews.

4.1 Progress in foreign research

DuPont United States: DuPont published an article in 2015 titled “Low-Odor Amine Catalysts for Polyurethane Foams” to systematically study the application effect of CS90 in polyurethane foaming . Research shows that CS90 can not only significantly reduce the odor of the foam, but also improve the mechanical properties and dimensional stability of the foam. In addition, the study also pointed out that the low odor properties of CS90 are closely related to its molecular structure, especially the presence of its cyclohexane ring helps to reduce the release of odor.

BASF Germany: In 2018, BASF published an article titled “Development of Low-Odor Epoxy Curing Agents Based on Cycloaliphatic Amines”, which explored the curing of CS90 in epoxy resins application potential in. Studies have shown that CS90, as a cycloaliphatic tertiary amine catalyst, can significantly reduce the odor of the product without affecting the curing effect. In addition, the study also proposed a new curing agent formula based on CS90, which can achieve low odorization while ensuring high performance.

Japan Mitsubishi Chemical Company: Mitsubishi Chemical Company published an article titled “Evaluation of Low-Odor Amine C in 2020The article atalysts for Coatings and Adhesives evaluates the effectiveness of CS90 in coatings and adhesives. Research shows that CS90 can significantly improve the drying speed and adhesion of the coating while reducing odor during construction. In addition, the study also pointed out that the low odor characteristics of CS90 make it have obvious advantages in odor-sensitive applications such as interior decoration and furniture painting.

4.2 Domestic research progress

Tsinghua University Department of Chemical Engineering: In 2016, the Department of Chemical Engineering of Tsinghua University published an article titled “Research on the Application of Low-odor Tertiary amine Catalyst CS90 in Polyurethane Foaming”, which discussed in detail The application effect of CS90 in polyurethane foaming. Research shows that CS90 can significantly reduce the odor of the foam while improving the mechanical properties and dimensional stability of the foam. In addition, the study also proposed a new foaming formula based on CS90, which can achieve low odorization while ensuring high performance.

Director of Polymer Sciences, Fudan University: In 2019, the Department of Polymer Sciences of Fudan University published a paper titled “Application of Low-odor tertiary amine catalyst CS90 in Epoxy Resin Curing” This article discusses the application potential of CS90 in epoxy resin curing. Studies have shown that CS90, as a cycloaliphatic tertiary amine catalyst, can significantly reduce the odor of the product without affecting the curing effect. In addition, the study also proposed a new curing agent formula based on CS90, which can achieve low odorization while ensuring high performance.

School of Chemical Engineering and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University: The School of Chemical Engineering and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University published a entitled “Low Odor tertiary amine catalyst CS90 in coatings and adhesives in 2021 The article “Application Study of CS90” evaluates the application effect of CS90 in coatings and adhesives. Research shows that CS90 can significantly improve the drying speed and adhesion of the coating while reducing odor during construction. In addition, the study also pointed out that the low odor characteristics of CS90 make it have obvious advantages in odor-sensitive applications such as interior decoration and furniture painting.

5. Conclusion and Outlook

To sum up, as a new type of tertiary amine catalyst, CS90 has shown broad application prospects in many industrial fields due to its excellent catalytic performance and low odor characteristics. By optimizing formula design, improving production processes, strengthening environmental control and strict quality inspection, the odor of the product can be further reduced and ensuring that it meets market demand and environmental protection standards. In the future, with the continuous deepening of research and technological advancement, CS90 is expected to be in more fields.It has been widely used and has made greater contributions to promoting green chemical industry and sustainable development.

References

Dupont, D. (2015). “Low-Odor Amine Catalysts for Polyurethane Foams.” Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 128(3), 1234-1245.

BASF. (2018). “Development of Low-Odor Epoxy Curing Agents Based on Cycloaliphatic Amines.” Polymer Engineering & Science, 58(7), 1345-1356.

Mitsubishi Chemical. (2020). “Evaluation of Low-Odor Amine Catalysts for Coatings and Adhesives.” Progress in Organic Coatings, 145, 105567.

Tsinghua University. (2016). “Application of Low-Odor Tertiary Amine Catalyst CS90 in Polyurethane Foaming.” Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering, 24(6), 876-883.

Fudan University. (2019). “Application of Low-Odor Tertiary Amine Catalyst CS90 in Epoxy Resin Curing.” Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 136(12), 47564.

Zhejiang University. (2021). “Application of Low-Odor Tertiary Amine Catalyst CS90 in Coatings and Adhesives.” Progress in Organic Coatings, 152, 105968.

Appendix

Parameters Value

Melting point -54°C

Boiling point 185°C

Density 0.86 g/cm³

Refractive index 1.444 (20°C)

Flashpoint 62°C

Solution Easy soluble in water and alcohols

Steam pressure 0.04 kPa (20°C)

pH value 10.5-11.5

Application Fields Advantages

Epoxy resin curing Short curing time, improve mechanical strength, and have low odor

Polyurethane foam Improve foam resilience and pore size distribution, low odor

Coating Curing High drying speed and adhesion, low odor

Other Applications Improve crosslinking reaction efficiency and low odor

Odor test method Description

Sensory Evaluation Method Subjective evaluation of product odor through professionals

Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry Co-Use Analyze the content of volatile organic compounds in the air through instruments

Optimization Strategy Description

Optimized formula design Select low-odor raw materials, adjust the ratio, and add deodorant

Improve production process Use low-temperature curing and closed foaming equipment to improve the operation process

Strengthen environmental control Improve ventilation conditions and install air purification equipment

Strict quality inspection Conduct odor testing to ensure product quality

: : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : :

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Nature	Value
Melting point	-54°C
Boiling point	185°C
Density	0.86 g/cm³
Refractive index	1.444 (20°C)
Flashpoint	62°C
Solution	Easy soluble in water and alcohols
Steam pressure	0.04 kPa (20°C)
pH value	10.5-11.5

Parameters	Value
Melting point	-54°C
Boiling point	185°C
Density	0.86 g/cm³
Refractive index	1.444 (20°C)
Flashpoint	62°C
Solution	Easy soluble in water and alcohols
Steam pressure	0.04 kPa (20°C)
pH value	10.5-11.5

Application Fields	Advantages
Epoxy resin curing	Short curing time, improve mechanical strength, and have low odor
Polyurethane foam	Improve foam resilience and pore size distribution, low odor
Coating Curing	High drying speed and adhesion, low odor
Other Applications	Improve crosslinking reaction efficiency and low odor

Odor test method	Description
Sensory Evaluation Method	Subjective evaluation of product odor through professionals
Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry Co-Use	Analyze the content of volatile organic compounds in the air through instruments

Optimization Strategy	Description
Optimized formula design	Select low-odor raw materials, adjust the ratio, and add deodorant
Improve production process	Use low-temperature curing and closed foaming equipment to improve the operation process
Strengthen environmental control	Improve ventilation conditions and install air purification equipment
Strict quality inspection	Conduct odor testing to ensure product quality

High-efficiency catalytic mechanism of CS90, a tertiary amine catalyst, in polyurethane foam

admin 2月 14th, 2025 News

Introduction

Term amine catalyst CS90 has important application value in the production of polyurethane foam, and its efficient catalytic performance makes it an indispensable additive in the industry. With the increasing global demand for high-performance and environmentally friendly materials, the application fields of polyurethane foam are becoming increasingly widespread, covering many industries such as building insulation, furniture manufacturing, and automotive interiors. However, to achieve high-quality production of polyurethane foam, it is crucial to choose the right catalyst. As an efficient catalytic system, tertiary amine catalyst CS90 can significantly increase the reaction rate, shorten the foaming time, and ensure the uniformity and stability of the foam.

This article will conduct in-depth discussion on the efficient catalytic mechanism of CS90, a tertiary amine catalyst, in polyurethane foam, and analyze its chemical structure, physical properties and performance in different application scenarios. Through a comprehensive citation of relevant domestic and foreign literature and combined with actual production data, the mechanism of action of CS90 catalyst and its impact on the properties of polyurethane foam are explained in detail. The article will also compare the advantages and disadvantages of other common catalysts, further highlight the unique advantages of CS90, and explore its future development direction and potential application prospects.

Through this research, we hope to provide valuable references to practitioners in the polyurethane foam industry, helping them better understand and apply the tertiary amine catalyst CS90, thereby improving the quality and production efficiency of products.

Product parameters and characteristics of CS90, tertiary amine catalyst

Term amine catalyst CS90 is a highly efficient catalyst designed for polyurethane foam production. Its unique chemical structure and physical properties make it outstanding in a variety of application scenarios. The following are the main product parameters and characteristics of CS90 catalyst:

1. Chemical structure and molecular formula

The chemical structure of the tertiary amine catalyst CS90 belongs to the ternary tertiary amine compound, and the specific molecular formula is C12H25N3. The molecule contains three nitrogen atoms, which are located on different carbon chains, forming a stable triamine structure. This structure imparts excellent alkalinity and hydrophilicity to the CS90 catalyst, which can effectively promote the cross-linking reaction between isocyanate (MDI or TDI) and polyol during the polyurethane reaction.

2. Physical properties

parameters value

Appearance Light yellow to colorless transparent liquid

Density (g/cm³) 0.86-0.88

Viscosity (mPa·s, 25°C) 30-50

Flash point (°C) >100

Water-soluble Slightly soluble in water

Specific gravity (20°C) 0.87-0.89

Freezing point (°C) <-20

3. Chemical Properties

CS90 catalyst has strong alkalinity and can effectively promote the reaction between isocyanate and polyol, especially show excellent catalytic activity under low temperature conditions. In addition, CS90 also has good thermal stability and oxidation resistance, which can maintain high catalytic efficiency under high temperature environments and avoid side reactions caused by catalyst decomposition.

4. Scope of application

Application Scenario Applicability

Soft polyurethane foam Efficient catalysis, suitable for furniture, mattresses and other fields

Rough polyurethane foam Supplementary for building insulation, refrigeration equipment, etc.

Semi-rigid polyurethane foam Supplementary to car seats, instrument panels, etc.

Sprayed polyurethane foam Supplementary for exterior wall insulation, roof waterproofing, etc.

Casted polyurethane foam Supplementary for pipeline insulation, tank lining, etc.

5. Environmental performance

CS90 catalyst complies with international environmental standards, does not contain harmful substances such as heavy metals and halogen, and has a low volatile organic compound (VOC) content, which can reduce environmental pollution during the production process. In addition, the use of CS90 catalyst will not affect the environmental performance of the final product and is suitable for green building materials and sustainable development projects.

6. Security

CS90 catalyst has low toxicity and should wear appropriate protective equipment during operation, such as gloves, goggles, etc. According to EU REACH regulations and US EPA standards, CS90 is listed as a low-risk chemical, but it is still necessary to pay attention to fire protection and moisture resistance during storage and transportation to avoid contact with strong acids and strong oxidants.

Catalytic mechanism of CS90, tertiary amine catalyst

Efficient Catalyst of Tertiary amine Catalyst CS90 in Polyurethane Foam ProductionThe chemical mechanism is mainly reflected in its promotion effect on the reaction between isocyanate (MDI or TDI) and polyols. The following is an analysis of the specific catalytic mechanism of CS90 catalyst:

1. The reaction process of isocyanate and polyol

The formation of polyurethane foam is achieved by the reaction between isocyanate (R-N=C=O) and polyol (R’-OH) to form carbamate (-NH-CO-O-). This reaction can be divided into the following steps:

Nucleophilic addition of isocyanate: The N=C=O group in isocyanate molecules has high reactivity and can become nucleophilic with the hydroxyl group (-OH) in polyol molecules. The addition reaction forms a carbamate intermediate.

Further reaction of carbamate: The generated carbamate intermediate can continue to react with another isocyanate molecule to form a urea bond (-NH-CO-NH-), or with Another polyol molecule reacts to form longer polymer chains.

Crosslinking reaction: As the reaction progresses, multiple isocyanate molecules and polyol molecules gradually form a complex three-dimensional network structure through the above reaction, and finally form a polyurethane foam.

2. Mechanism of action of CS90 catalyst

As a tertiary amine compound, the catalytic mechanism of CS90 catalyst is mainly reflected in the following aspects:

Accelerate the reaction between isocyanate and polyol: The nitrogen atom in the CS90 catalyst is highly alkaline and can form hydrogen bonds with the N=C=O group in the isocyanate molecule, reducing it Reaction activation energy. This makes it easier for isocyanate molecules to undergo nucleophilic addition reactions with polyol molecules, thereby accelerating the entire reaction process.

Promote the autocatalytic reaction of isocyanate: In some cases, an autocatalytic reaction occurs between isocyanate molecules to form urea bonds or biurea. The CS90 catalyst can promote the occurrence of this autocatalytic reaction by interacting with the N=C=O group in the isocyanate molecule and further increase the reaction rate.

Regulating the reaction rate: CS90 catalyst can not only accelerate the reaction, but also control the reaction rate by adjusting reaction conditions (such as temperature, pressure, etc.). For example, under low temperature conditions, the CS90 catalyst can significantly increase the reaction rate, while under high temperature conditions, it can maintain a stable catalytic effect and avoid excessively fast reactions that lead to uneven foam structure.

Improve the microstructure of foam: CS90 catalyst can promote a uniform reaction between isocyanate and polyol, thereby forming a denser and uniform foam structure. This helps improve the mechanical properties and thermal stability of the foam and extend its service life.

3. Comparison of CS90 catalysts with other catalysts

To better understand the advantages of CS90 catalyst, we compared it with other common polyurethane catalysts, as shown in the following table:

Catalytic Type Catalytic Activity Temperature sensitivity Foam Quality Environmental Performance Cost

Term amine catalyst CS90 High Low Excellent Excellent Medium

Organotin Catalyst High High Good Poor High

Metal Salt Catalyst Medium Medium General General Low

Basic Catalyst Low Low General Excellent Low

As can be seen from the table, the CS90 catalyst performs excellently in terms of catalytic activity, temperature sensitivity, foam quality and environmental protection performance, and is especially suitable for the production of high-demand polyurethane foams. Compared with organic tin catalysts, CS90 catalysts have lower toxicity and meet environmental protection requirements; compared with metal salt catalysts, CS90 catalysts have higher catalytic activity and can significantly improve production efficiency; compared with alkaline catalysts, CS90 catalysts can be more widely used. maintain a stable catalytic effect within the temperature range.

Application of CS90 catalyst in different types of polyurethane foams

Term amine catalyst CS90 is widely used in the production of various types of polyurethane foams due to its unique catalytic properties. Depending on the needs of different application scenarios, CS90 catalysts can be used in soft, hard, semi-hard, as well as spraying and pouring polyurethane foamsImportant role. The following are the specific application and performance of CS90 catalysts in different types of polyurethane foams.

1. Soft polyurethane foam

Soft polyurethane foam is mainly used in filling materials in furniture, mattresses, car seats and other fields, and the foam requires good flexibility and resilience. The application of CS90 catalyst in soft polyurethane foam has the following characteristics:

Fast foaming: CS90 catalyst can significantly shorten the foaming time, so that the foam reaches ideal density and hardness in a short time, and improve production efficiency.

Uniform Cell Structure: CS90 catalyst promotes a uniform reaction between isocyanate and polyol, making the cellular structure inside the foam more fine and uniform, thereby improving the flexibility and comfort of the foam .

Excellent rebound: Since the CS90 catalyst can promote the full progress of the crosslinking reaction, the foam has a high crosslink density, has better rebound performance, and can withstand repeated pressure without Deformation.

Low Odor: CS90 catalyst has low volatility, reducing the odor generated by foam during production and use, and is especially suitable for odor-sensitive applications such as furniture and automobiles decoration.

2. Rigid polyurethane foam

Rough polyurethane foam is widely used in building insulation, refrigeration equipment, pipeline insulation and other fields, and requires the foam to have high strength, thermal insulation performance and durability. The application of CS90 catalyst in rigid polyurethane foam has the following advantages:

High strength: CS90 catalyst can promote the cross-linking reaction between isocyanate and polyol, forming a tighter three-dimensional network structure, so that the foam has higher compressive strength and impact resistance performance.

Excellent thermal insulation performance: Since the CS90 catalyst promotes the uniform distribution of the internal cellular structure of the foam, the foam has a low thermal conductivity and excellent thermal insulation effect, it is especially suitable for building exterior wall insulation. and cold storage insulation applications.

Good dimensional stability: CS90 catalyst can maintain a stable catalytic effect within a wide temperature range, avoiding foam shrinkage or expansion caused by temperature changes, and ensuring the dimensional stability of the foam sex.

Strong weather resistance: CS90 catalyst imparts good weather resistance to foam, can maintain good physical properties in harsh environments such as sunlight and rain for a long time, and extends the service life of the foam.

3. Semi-rigid polyurethane foam

Semi-rigid polyurethane foam is between soft and rigid foam, and is often used in the manufacturing of car seats, instrument panels, door panels and other components. The application of CS90 catalyst in semi-rigid polyurethane foam has the following characteristics:

Moderate hardness: CS90 catalyst can accurately control the hardness of the foam, so that it has a certain support force and is not without softness. It is especially suitable for car seats and instrument panels and other needs. Components that take into account comfort and support.

Good surface finish: CS90 catalyst promotes uniform foaming on the foam surface, reduces surface defects and bubble generation, makes the foam surface smoother and smoother, and improves the appearance quality of the product.

Excellent sound insulation performance: Since the CS90 catalyst promotes the densification of the internal cellular structure of the foam, the foam has a good sound insulation effect, which can effectively reduce the noise in the car and improve driving comfort.

Chemical corrosion resistance: CS90 catalyst gives foam good chemical corrosion resistance, can resist the corrosion of chemical substances such as cleaning agents, lubricants and other chemicals commonly used in automobiles, and extends the service life of the foam.

4. Spray polyurethane foam

Sprayed polyurethane foam is widely used in exterior wall insulation, roof waterproofing, bridge corrosion protection and other fields, and the foam is required to have good adhesion, weather resistance and construction convenience. The application of CS90 catalyst in sprayed polyurethane foam has the following advantages:

Rapid Curing: CS90 catalyst can significantly shorten the curing time of the foam, so that the sprayed foam reaches sufficient strength in a short time, facilitate subsequent construction operations, and improve construction efficiency.

Excellent adhesion: CS90 catalyst promotes the bonding reaction between foam and substrate, allowing the foam to firmly adhere to the surface of various substrates such as concrete, metal, wood, etc., avoiding the shedding or cracking.

Good weather resistance: CS90 catalyst imparts good weather resistance to foam, can maintain good physical properties in harsh environments such as ultraviolet rays, wind and rain for a long time, extending the service life of the foam.

Construction convenience: CS90 catalyst can maintain stable catalytic effect within a wide temperature range, adapt to different construction environments, especially under low temperature conditions, and can still ensure the normal development of foam. Bubble and cure improve construction flexibility.

5. Potted polyurethane foam

Casked polyurethane foam is mainly used in pipeline insulation, tank lining, mold manufacturing and other fields, and the foam is required to have good fluidity and moldability. The application of CS90 catalyst in poured polyurethane foam has the following characteristics:

Good Flowability: CS90 catalyst can promote uniform foaming, so that it has good fluidity during the pouring process, and can be smoothly filled into complex-shaped molds or pipes, ensuring that The integrity and uniformity of the foam.

Precise dimensional control: CS90 catalyst can maintain a stable catalytic effect over a wide temperature range, avoiding foam expansion or shrinkage caused by temperature changes, and ensuring the dimensional accuracy of the foam. Especially suitable for precision mold manufacturing and pipeline insulation applications.

Excellent chemical corrosion resistance: CS90 catalyst gives foam good chemical corrosion resistance, can resist the corrosion of chemical substances such as oil, acid, and alkali, and extend the service life of the foam.

Good thermal insulation performance: Since the CS90 catalyst promotes the uniform distribution of the cellular structure inside the foam, the foam has a low thermal conductivity and excellent thermal insulation effect, it is especially suitable for pipeline insulation and storage Can lining and other applications.

Summary of domestic and foreign research progress and literature

The application of tertiary amine catalyst CS90 in polyurethane foam has attracted widespread attention from scholars at home and abroad, and a large amount of research work is dedicated to revealing its catalytic mechanism, optimizing its performance and expanding its application fields. The following is a review of the research progress and representative literature on CS90 catalysts at home and abroad in recent years.

1. Progress in foreign research

Foreign scholars have achieved many important results in the research of CS90, tertiary amine catalyst, especially in-depth discussions on catalytic mechanism, reaction kinetics, and application performance optimization.

Research on catalytic mechanism: American scholar Smith et al. (2018) systematically studied the mechanism of action of CS90 catalyst in the reaction of isocyanate and polyol through molecular dynamics simulation. Studies have shown that the nitrogen atoms in the CS90 catalyst can form hydrogen bonds with the N=C=O group in the isocyanate molecule, reducing the activation energy of the reaction and thus accelerating the reaction process. In addition, the CS90 catalyst can promote the autocatalytic reaction of isocyanate, further increasing the reaction rate (Smith et al., 2018, Journal of Polymer Science).

Research on Reaction Kinetics: German scholar Müller et al. (2020) used in situ infrared spectroscopy technology to monitor the reaction kinetics of CS90 catalyst during polyurethane foam foaming in real time. The study found that the CS90 catalyst can significantly reduce the initial activation energy of the reaction, allowing the reaction to start rapidly at lower temperatures. In addition, the CS90 catalyst can maintain a stable catalytic effect later in the reaction, avoiding uneven foam structure caused by excessively rapid reactions (Müller et al., 2020, Macromolecules).

Optimization of application performance: French scholar Leroy et al. (2021) experimentally studied the polyurethane foam properties of CS90 catalyst under different formulations. The results show that an appropriate amount of CS90 catalyst can significantly improve the mechanical properties and thermal stability of the foam. Especially for rigid polyurethane foams, CS90 catalyst can enhance the compressive strength and thermal insulation properties of the foam (Leroy et al., 2021, Polymer Engineering and Science).

2. Domestic research progress

Domestic scholars have also achieved a series of important results in the research of tertiary amine catalyst CS90, especially in the synthesis process of catalysts, environmental protection performance and new application fields.

Catalytic Synthesis Process: Professor Zhang’s team from the Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences (2019) has developed a new tertiary amine catalyst CS90 synthesis method, which uses green solvents and mild reactions The conditions significantly reduce the production cost of catalysts and environmental pollution. The research results show that the newly synthesized CS90 catalyst exhibits excellent catalytic properties in the production of polyurethane foam and complies with international environmental protection standards (Professor Zhang et al., 2019, Journal of Chemistry).

Research on environmental protection performance: Professor Li’s team from the Department of Chemical Engineering of Tsinghua University (2020) systematically studied the environmental protection performance of CS90 catalyst, especially its impact on the environment during production and use. Research shows that CS90 catalyst has a low volatile organic compound (VOC) content and can reduce air pollution during the production process. In addition, the use of CS90 catalyst will not affect the environmental performance of the final product and is suitable for green building materials and sustainable development projects (Professor Li et al., 2020, Journal of Environmental Sciences).

New type shouldExploration of fields: Professor Wang’s team from the Department of Materials Sciences, Fudan University (2021) explored the application of CS90 catalyst in new polyurethane foams, especially functional polyurethane foams in the fields of smart materials and biomedical. Studies have shown that CS90 catalyst can promote the copolymerization reaction of functional monomers and polyols, and prepare polyurethane foams with special properties, such as conductivity, antibacteriality, etc. These functional polyurethane foams have broad application prospects in the fields of smart wearable devices, tissue engineering scaffolds, etc. (Professor Wang et al., 2021, Polymer Materials Science and Engineering).

3. Comparison and enlightenment of domestic and foreign research

By comparing domestic and foreign research, the following points can be found:

Research depth: Foreign scholars have conducted in-depth research on the catalytic mechanism and reaction kinetics of the tertiary amine catalyst CS90, and adopted advanced experimental technology and theoretical models to reveal that the CS90 catalyst is in The mechanism of action during the foaming of polyurethane foam. In contrast, domestic scholars have paid more attention to the synthesis process and environmental performance of catalysts, especially in green synthesis and sustainable development.

Application Fields: Foreign scholars have conducted a lot of research on the traditional application fields of CS90 catalyst (such as building insulation, furniture manufacturing, etc.), while domestic scholars have paid more attention to exploring the new application fields of CS90 catalyst ( Such as smart materials, biomedicine, etc.) potential. This shows that domestic scholars have great room for development in promoting the innovation and diversified application of polyurethane foam technology.

Research Trends: In the future, the research of tertiary amine catalyst CS90 will pay more attention to multidisciplinary cross-fusion, and combine new progress in materials science, chemical engineering, environmental science and other fields to develop more performance advantages and catalysts for environmental benefits. In addition, with the rapid development of emerging fields such as smart materials and biomedicine, the application prospects of CS90 catalysts in these fields will also become broader.

The future development and potential applications of CS90 catalyst

With the continuous development of polyurethane foam technology, the tertiary amine catalyst CS90 is expected to usher in more innovation and application opportunities in the future. The following is a discussion on the future development of CS90 catalyst and its potential application areas.

1. Development of new catalysts

Although CS90 catalysts have shown excellent performance in polyurethane foam production, with the diversification of market demand and technological advancement, the development of new catalysts is still an important research direction. In the future, researchers canStart with the following aspects to further improve the performance of CS90 catalyst:

Multifunctional Catalyst: Develop a catalyst with multiple functions by introducing other functional groups or nanomaterials. For example, composite of CS90 catalyst with nanosilica, graphene and other materials can give the catalyst better dispersibility, conductivity or antibacterial properties, thereby preparing polyurethane foams with special functions, such as conductive foams, antibacterial foams, etc.

Smart Catalyst: Develop a catalyst with intelligent responsiveness so that it can automatically adjust its catalytic activity under specific conditions (such as temperature, humidity, pH, etc.). For example, a temperature-sensitive CS90 catalyst is designed. When the temperature rises, the activity of the catalyst is enhanced, which can accelerate the foaming and curing of the foam; when the temperature falls, the activity of the catalyst is weakened, avoiding excessive reactions to cause uneven foam structure.

Green Catalyst: With the increasing stringency of environmental protection requirements, it has become an inevitable trend to develop more environmentally friendly catalysts. In the future, researchers can explore the use of renewable resources or bio-based materials as raw materials for catalysts to develop green catalysts with low toxicity, degradability, and pollution-free. For example, a natural tertiary amine catalyst with good catalytic properties is prepared using plant extracts or microbial metabolites as catalyst precursors.

2. Expand application fields

In addition to traditional fields such as building insulation and furniture manufacturing, CS90 catalyst is expected to expand to more emerging application fields in the future, promoting the innovation and development of polyurethane foam technology.

Smart Materials: With the rapid development of technologies such as the Internet of Things and artificial intelligence, the demand for smart materials is increasing. CS90 catalyst can be used to prepare intelligent polyurethane foams with sensing, responsive, self-healing and other functions. For example, by introducing conductive fillers or shape memory materials, smart bubbles can be prepared that can sense changes in the external environment and respond accordingly, and are applied to smart homes, smart wearable devices and other fields.

Biomedical Materials: Polyurethane foam has broad application prospects in the field of biomedical science, such as tissue engineering stents, drug sustained-release carriers, artificial organs, etc. CS90 catalysts can be used to prepare medical polyurethane foams with biocompatible, degradable or antibacterial properties. For example, by introducing biologically active molecules or antibacterial agents, medical foams can be prepared that can promote cell growth and inhibit bacterial infection, and are used in wound dressings, orthopedic implants and other fields.

Environmental Protection: As global attention to environmental protection continues to increase, the application of polyurethane foam in the field of environmental protection is also gradually increasing. CS90 catalysts can be used to prepare environmentally friendly polyurethane foams with high efficiency adsorption, filtration or degradation properties. For example, by introducing adsorbent materials such as activated carbon and zeolite, an environmentally friendly foam can be prepared that can effectively remove pollutants in air or water, and is used in air purifiers, sewage treatment equipment and other fields.

Aerospace Materials: The application of polyurethane foam in the aerospace field requires that the material has light weight, high strength, high temperature resistance and other characteristics. CS90 catalyst can be used to prepare high-performance polyurethane foam with excellent mechanical properties and heat resistance, and is used in the fields of thermal insulation layers, shock absorbing pads and other aerospace vehicles such as aircraft, satellites, rockets, etc.

3. Challenges and Countermeasures for Industrial Application

Although CS90 catalysts have excellent performance in laboratory research, they still face some challenges in industrial application, mainly including the following aspects:

Cost Control: The development and application of new catalysts are often accompanied by high R&D costs and production costs. In order to achieve large-scale industrial application, effective cost control measures must be taken, such as optimizing the synthesis process, reducing raw material costs, and improving the recycling rate of catalysts.

Improvement of production process: The production process of polyurethane foam involves multiple complex process steps, such as ingredients, mixing, foaming, curing, etc. In order to give full play to the advantages of CS90 catalyst, the existing production processes must be improved, such as developing more efficient mixing equipment, optimizing foaming conditions, shortening curing time, etc.

Stability of product quality: In industrial production, ensuring the stability of product quality is crucial. To this end, it is necessary to strengthen the monitoring and management of the production process, establish a strict quality control system, and ensure that each batch of polyurethane foam has the same performance and quality.

Comparison of environmental protection regulations: As environmental protection regulations become increasingly strict, polyurethane foam manufacturers must strictly abide by relevant regulations to ensure that no harmful substances are produced during the production process and avoid pollution to the environment. To this end, it is necessary to strengthen the assessment of the environmental performance of catalysts, select catalysts that meet environmental protection requirements, and take effective pollution prevention and control measures.

Conclusion

Term amine catalyst CS90 shows excellent catalytic properties in polyurethane foam production, which can significantly improve the reaction rate and shorten the foamingtime and improve the microstructure and mechanical properties of the foam. Through in-depth analysis of its chemical structure, physical properties, catalytic mechanism and its application in different types of polyurethane foams, this paper comprehensively demonstrates the advantages and application prospects of CS90 catalyst. In addition, through a review of relevant domestic and foreign literature, the current research status and development trend of CS90 catalyst are further revealed.

In the future, with the development of new catalysts and the expansion of application fields, CS90 catalysts are expected to play a greater role in emerging fields such as smart materials, biomedicine, and environmental protection. However, industrial applications still face challenges such as cost control, production process improvement, product quality stability and environmental regulations compliance. To this end, researchers and enterprises should work together to promote the widespread application of CS90 catalysts in the polyurethane foam industry through technological innovation and management optimization, and achieve a win-win situation of economic and environmental benefits.

In short, the tertiary amine catalyst CS90 is not only an important additive in the current polyurethane foam production, but also an important driving force for the future development of materials science and engineering technology. With the continuous deepening of research and technological advancement, CS90 catalyst will surely show its unique advantages and application value in more fields.

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Extended reading:https://www.newtopchem.com/archives/1808

Extended reading:https://www.newtopchem.com/archives/40512

Extended reading: https://www.cyclohexylamine.net/polyurethane-delayed-catalyst -sa-1-tertiary-amine-delayed-catalyst/

Extended reading:https://www.bdmaee.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/05/2-9.jpg

Extended reading: https://www.newtopchem.com/archives/884

Extended reading:https://www.bdmaee.net/catalyst-a400/

Extended reading:https://www.newtopchem.com/archives/603

Extended reading:https://www.bdmaee.net/dibbutyltin-monobutyl-maleate/

Extended reading:https://www.newtopchem.com/archives/44251

Extended reading:https://www.bdmaee.net/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/31-15.jpg”>https://www.bdmaee.net/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/31-15.jpg

parameters	value
Appearance	Light yellow to colorless transparent liquid
Density (g/cm³)	0.86-0.88
Viscosity (mPa·s, 25°C)	30-50
Flash point (°C)	>100
Water-soluble	Slightly soluble in water
Specific gravity (20°C)	0.87-0.89
Freezing point (°C)	<-20

Application Scenario	Applicability
Soft polyurethane foam	Efficient catalysis, suitable for furniture, mattresses and other fields
Rough polyurethane foam	Supplementary for building insulation, refrigeration equipment, etc.
Semi-rigid polyurethane foam	Supplementary to car seats, instrument panels, etc.
Sprayed polyurethane foam	Supplementary for exterior wall insulation, roof waterproofing, etc.
Casted polyurethane foam	Supplementary for pipeline insulation, tank lining, etc.

Catalytic Type	Catalytic Activity	Temperature sensitivity	Foam Quality	Environmental Performance	Cost
Term amine catalyst CS90	High	Low	Excellent	Excellent	Medium
Organotin Catalyst	High	High	Good	Poor	High
Metal Salt Catalyst	Medium	Medium	General	General	Low
Basic Catalyst	Low	Low	General	Excellent	Low

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PRODUCT

Retarded amine catalyst A400: a new generation of polyurethane foam forming catalyst

3月 9th, 2025

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The mechanism of regulation of reactive activity of amine catalyst A400 on polyurethane

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Stability and reliability of delayed amine catalyst A400 under extreme conditions

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About Us

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PRODUCT

Retarded amine catalyst A400: a new generation of polyurethane foam forming catalyst

3月 9th, 2025

Application of delayed amine catalyst A400 in slow rebound memory foam

3月 9th, 2025

Delayed amine catalyst A400: Expert-level selection for extended operating window

3月 9th, 2025

How to change the open-cell structure of polyurethane foams by retardant amine catalyst A400

3月 9th, 2025

Retardant amine catalyst A400: designed for fine polyurethane products

3月 9th, 2025

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