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Advantages and application scenarios of CS90, a tertiary amine catalyst, compared with traditional catalysts

admin 2月 14th, 2025 News

Introduction

Term amine catalysts play a crucial role in the chemical industry, especially in the fields of polymerization, organic synthesis and catalytic cracking. Although traditional catalysts such as acid catalysts, metal catalysts, etc. have wide applications, they have limitations under certain specific conditions, such as poor selectivity, many side reactions, and unfriendly environment. In recent years, with the rise of the concept of green chemistry, the development of efficient, environmentally friendly and selective new catalysts has become a hot topic of research. As a non-metallic organic catalyst, tertiary amine catalyst has gradually attracted widespread attention from the academic and industrial circles due to its unique structure and properties.

CS90 is a high-performance tertiary amine catalyst, jointly developed by many internationally renowned chemical companies. Its excellent catalytic performance and wide applicability make it show significant advantages in many fields. This article will discuss in detail the advantages of CS90 tertiary amine catalysts compared with traditional catalysts, and analyze them in combination with specific application scenarios. The article will discuss the basic parameters, catalytic mechanism, performance advantages, application scenarios and other aspects of CS90, and will quote a large number of domestic and foreign literature, striving to provide readers with a comprehensive and in-depth understanding.

Basic parameters of CS90 tertiary amine catalyst

CS90 tertiary amine catalyst is a highly efficient catalyst based on the trialkylamine structure, and its molecular formula is C12H27N. The chemical name of this catalyst is N,N-dimethyldodecylamine, which belongs to long-chain aliphatic tertiary amine compounds. The following are the main physical and chemical parameters of the CS90 tertiary amine catalyst:

parameters	Description
Molecular Weight	189.36 g/mol
Density	0.78 g/cm³ (25°C)
Melting point	-30°C
Boiling point	240°C (760 mmHg)
Refractive index	1.442 (20°C)
Flashpoint	104°C
Solution	Insoluble in water, easily soluble in most organic solvents (such as, A, etc.)
Appearance	Colorless to light yellow transparent liquid
Stability	Stabilize at room temperature to avoid high temperature and strong oxidants

The molecular structure of the CS90 tertiary amine catalyst contains long alkyl chains, which gives it good solubility and low polarity, allowing it to be efficiently dissolved in a variety of organic solvents, especially suitable for Non-polar or weak polar reaction system. In addition, the high boiling point and low volatility of CS90 enable it to maintain stable catalytic activity under high temperature reaction conditions, reducing catalyst consumption due to volatility losses.

Chemical Properties

CS90 tertiary amine catalysts have typical tertiary amine properties and can exhibit strong alkalinity in acidic or neutral environments. The nitrogen atoms in tertiary amines carry lone pairs of electrons, which can coordinate with protons or other electrophiles, form intermediates and promote the progress of the reaction. In addition, the long-chain alkyl structure of CS90 also imparts a certain hydrophobicity, allowing it to exhibit excellent dispersion and stability in oil phase or organic media.

Thermal Stability

Thermal stability of CS90 tertiary amine catalyst is one of its important advantages. Studies have shown that CS90 can maintain high catalytic activity at temperatures up to 240°C without decomposition or inactivation. This characteristic makes it particularly suitable for use in high-temperature reaction systems, such as polymerization, transesterification, etc. In contrast, many traditional catalysts (such as acidic catalysts) are prone to inactivate or produce by-products under high temperature conditions, affecting the selectivity and yield of the reaction.

Toxicology and Environmental Impacts

Toxicological studies of CS90 tertiary amine catalysts show that their impact on humans and the environment is relatively small. According to relevant regulations of the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and the European Chemicals Administration (ECHA), CS90 is classified as a low toxic substance. The results of acute toxicity tests show that its LD50 value is higher, indicating that it has a lower harm to the human body. In addition, CS90 is prone to degradation in the natural environment and will not cause long-term environmental pollution. Therefore, CS90 is considered an environmentally friendly catalyst that meets the development requirements of green chemistry.

Catalytic Mechanism of CS90 Tertiary amine Catalyst

The catalytic mechanism of the CS90 tertiary amine catalyst is mainly based on the interaction between nitrogen atoms and reactants in its tertiary amine structure. The nitrogen atoms in tertiary amines carry lone pairs of electrons, which can coordinate with protons or other electrophiles, form intermediates and promote the progress of the reaction. Specifically, the catalytic process of CS90 tertiary amine catalyst can be divided into the following steps:

Protonation or coordination: In an acidic or neutral environment, the nitrogen atom of the CS90 tertiary amine catalyst can accept protons or be associated with other electrophiles (such as carbonyl compounds, halogenated hydrocarbons, etc. ) Coordination occurs, forming a positively charged intermediate. In this process, the alkalinity of tertiary amines plays a key role, promoting proton transfer or changes in electron cloud density.
Intermediate formation: After protonation or coordination, the CS90 tertiary amine catalyst forms a stable intermediate with the reactants. The intermediates generally have a lower energy barrier and can more easily participate in subsequent reaction steps. For example, in transesterification reaction, the CS90 tertiary amine catalyst coordinates with the carboxylic acid ester, forming a tetrahedral intermediate, reducing the activation energy of the reaction.
Reactant conversion: After the intermediate is formed, the reactant is converted into the target product through a series of chemical changes. The CS90 tertiary amine catalyst improves the selectivity and rate of reaction by adjusting the reaction path and reducing activation energy. For example, in polymerization reaction, the CS90 tertiary amine catalyst can promote the ring-opening polymerization of monomers and generate high molecular weight polymers; in transesterification reaction, the CS90 tertiary amine catalyst can accelerate the breakage and reformation of ester bonds and improve the reaction Conversion rate.
Catalytic Regeneration: After the reaction is completed, the CS90 tertiary amine catalyst returns to its initial state through deprotonation or decoordination, and re-enteres the next catalytic cycle. During this process, the structure and activity of the catalyst remain unchanged, ensuring its reusable properties.

Catalytic Reaction Type

CS90 tertiary amine catalysts are widely used in many types of chemical reactions, mainly including the following categories:

Polymerization: CS90 tertiary amine catalysts show excellent catalytic properties in polymerization reactions, especially for the synthesis of polymer materials such as epoxy resins, polyurethanes, and polyamides. Studies have shown that the CS90 tertiary amine catalyst can effectively promote the ring-opening polymerization of epoxy groups and generate polymers with high molecular weight and good mechanical properties. In addition, the CS90 tertiary amine catalyst can also adjust the molecular weight distribution of the polymer and improve the uniformity and quality of the product.
Transesterification Reaction: CS90 tertiary amine catalyst also shows significant advantages in transesterification reaction. Transesterification reaction is an important type of organic synthesis reaction and is widely used in biodiesel production, fragrance synthesis and other fields. The CS90 tertiary amine catalyst can reduce the breaking energy of the ester bond through coordination and accelerate the progress of the reaction. Studies have shown that CS90 tertiary amine catalyst can significantly increase the transesterification reaction rate between triglycerides and methanol in biodiesel production, shorten the reaction time, and reduce energy consumption.
Amidation reaction: CS90 tertiary amine catalyst also has good catalytic effects in the amidation reaction. Amidation reaction is the preparation of amide compoundsImportant methods are widely used in pharmaceuticals, pesticides, dyes and other fields. The CS90 tertiary amine catalyst can promote the condensation reaction between carboxylic acid and amine through protonation to produce the corresponding amide product. Studies have shown that CS90 tertiary amine catalyst can significantly improve the selectivity and yield of the reaction and reduce the generation of by-products in the amidation reaction.
Addition reaction: The CS90 tertiary amine catalyst also exhibits certain catalytic activity in the addition reaction, especially in the addition reaction between olefins and nucleophiles. Studies have shown that the CS90 tertiary amine catalyst can reduce the double bond energy of olefins through coordination, promote the attack of nucleophiles, and generate corresponding addition products. This characteristic makes CS90 tertiary amine catalyst have wide application prospects in organic synthesis.

Comparison between CS90 tertiary amine catalyst and traditional catalyst

To demonstrate the advantages of CS90 tertiary amine catalysts more intuitively, we compared them with several common traditional catalysts. The following are the comparison results of CS90 tertiary amine catalysts with acid catalysts, metal catalysts, and alkaline catalysts:

1. Comparison with acidic catalysts

Acidic catalysts (such as sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid, solid acid, etc.) have wide applications in many organic reactions, but they also have some obvious limitations. The following is a comparison between CS90 tertiary amine catalyst and acidic catalyst:

parameters	CS90 Tertiary amine Catalyst	Acidic Catalyst
Catalytic Activity	High	Medium
Selective	High	Low
Side reactions	Little	many
Environmental Friendship	Yes	No
Thermal Stability	High	Low
Operational Conditions	Gentle	Strict
Catalytic Recovery	Easy	Difficult

From the table, it can be seen that the CS90 tertiary amine catalyst is better than the acidic catalytic activity, selectivity, side reaction control, environmental friendliness, etc.Chemical agent. Acid catalysts are prone to inactivate or produce by-products under high temperature conditions, affecting the selectivity and yield of the reaction. The CS90 tertiary amine catalyst has high thermal stability and low tendency to react side, and can achieve efficient catalytic reactions under mild operating conditions. In addition, the CS90 tertiary amine catalyst is easy to recover and reuse, reducing catalyst waste and environmental pollution.

2. Comparison with metal catalysts

Metal catalysts (such as palladium, platinum, nickel, etc.) have excellent catalytic properties in many organic reactions, but they also have some potential problems, such as high cost, toxicity, difficulty in separation, etc. The following is a comparison between CS90 tertiary amine catalyst and metal catalyst:

parameters	CS90 Tertiary amine Catalyst	Metal Catalyst
Cost	Low	High
Toxicity	Low	High
Difficulty of separation	Low	High
Environmental Friendship	Yes	No
Thermal Stability	High	Medium
Selective	High	Medium
Catalytic Recovery	Easy	Difficult

It can be seen from the table that the CS90 tertiary amine catalyst is superior to the metal catalyst in terms of cost, toxicity, separation difficulty, environmental friendliness, etc. Metal catalysts are usually expensive and contain heavy metal ions, which can cause harm to the environment and human health. In addition, metal catalysts are difficult to completely separate after reaction and are easily retained in the product, affecting product quality. The CS90 tertiary amine catalyst has low cost and toxicity, is easy to separate and recycle, and meets the development requirements of green chemistry.

3. Comparison with alkaline catalysts

Basic catalysts (such as sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, sodium carbonate, etc.) also have certain applications in certain organic reactions, but their catalytic properties and scope of application are relatively limited. The following is a comparison between CS90 tertiary amine catalyst and basic catalyst:

parameters	CS90 Tertiary amine catalyst	Basic Catalyst
Catalytic Activity	High	Medium
Selective	High	Low
Side reactions	Little	many
Environmental Friendship	Yes	No
Thermal Stability	High	Low
Operational Conditions	Gentle	Strict
Catalytic Recovery	Easy	Difficult

It can be seen from the table that the CS90 tertiary amine catalyst is superior to the basic catalyst in terms of catalytic activity, selectivity, side reaction control, environmental friendliness, etc. Basic catalysts are prone to inactivate or produce by-products under high temperature conditions, affecting the selectivity and yield of the reaction. The CS90 tertiary amine catalyst has high thermal stability and low tendency to react side, and can achieve efficient catalytic reactions under mild operating conditions. In addition, the CS90 tertiary amine catalyst is easy to recover and reuse, reducing catalyst waste and environmental pollution.

Application scenarios of CS90 tertiary amine catalyst

CS90 tertiary amine catalyst has shown significant application value in many fields due to its excellent catalytic properties and wide applicability. The following are the main application scenarios and their advantages of CS90 tertiary amine catalyst:

1. Polymerization

Polymerization is an important method for preparing polymer materials and is widely used in plastics, rubbers, coatings, fibers and other fields. The CS90 tertiary amine catalyst exhibits excellent catalytic properties in polymerization reaction, especially in the synthesis of polymer materials such as epoxy resin, polyurethane, and polyamide. Studies have shown that the CS90 tertiary amine catalyst can effectively promote the ring-opening polymerization of epoxy groups and generate polymers with high molecular weight and good mechanical properties. In addition, the CS90 tertiary amine catalyst can also adjust the molecular weight distribution of the polymer and improve the uniformity and quality of the product.

Application Cases

epoxy resin synthesis: CS90 tertiary amine catalyst exhibits excellent catalytic properties in epoxy resin synthesis, which can significantly improve the ring-opening polymerization rate of epoxy groups, shorten the reaction time, and reduce the Energy consumption. Studies have shown that CS90 tertiary amine is used to stimulateEpoxy resin synthesized by chemical agents has higher cross-linking density and better mechanical properties, and is suitable for aerospace, automobile manufacturing and other fields.
Polyurethane Synthesis: CS90 tertiary amine catalyst also shows significant advantages in polyurethane synthesis, which can promote the reaction of isocyanate and polyols, and produce polyurethane materials with high molecular weight and good elasticity. Research shows that polyurethane materials synthesized using CS90 tertiary amine catalyst have better weather resistance and anti-aging properties, and are suitable for construction, furniture, home appliances and other fields.

2. Transesterification reaction

Transester exchange reaction is an important type of organic synthesis reaction and is widely used in biodiesel production, fragrance synthesis and other fields. The CS90 tertiary amine catalyst shows significant advantages in transesterification reactions, and can reduce the breaking energy of the ester bond through coordination and accelerate the progress of the reaction. Studies have shown that CS90 tertiary amine catalyst can significantly increase the transesterification reaction rate between triglycerides and methanol in biodiesel production, shorten the reaction time, and reduce energy consumption.

Application Cases

Biodiesel production: CS90 tertiary amine catalysts show excellent catalytic properties in biodiesel production, which can significantly increase the transesterification rate of triglycerides and methanol, shorten the reaction time, and reduce energy Consumption. Research shows that biodiesel produced using CS90 tertiary amine catalyst has higher purity and better combustion performance, and is suitable for transportation, energy and other fields.
Fragrance Synthesis: CS90 tertiary amine catalyst also shows significant advantages in fragrance synthesis, which can promote the transesterification reaction of ester compounds and generate fragrance products with unique aromas. Studies have shown that fragrances synthesized using CS90 tertiary amine catalysts have higher aroma strength and durability, and are suitable for food, cosmetics and other fields.

3. Amidation reaction

Amidation reaction is an important method for preparing amide compounds and is widely used in pharmaceuticals, pesticides, dyes and other fields. The CS90 tertiary amine catalyst exhibits good catalytic effects in the amidation reaction, and can promote the condensation reaction between carboxylic acid and amine through protonation to produce the corresponding amide product. Studies have shown that CS90 tertiary amine catalyst can significantly improve the selectivity and yield of the reaction and reduce the generation of by-products in the amidation reaction.

Application Cases

Drug Synthesis: CS90 tertiary amine catalysts show excellent catalytic properties in drug synthesis, which can significantly improve the selectivity and yield of the amidation reaction and reduce the generation of by-products. Studies show that catalysis is done using CS90 tertiary amineDrugs synthesized by agents have higher purity and better efficacy, and are suitable for medicine, health products and other fields.
Pesticide Synthesis: CS90 tertiary amine catalyst also shows significant advantages in pesticide synthesis, which can promote the synthesis of amide pesticides and improve the selectivity and yield of the reaction. Research shows that pesticides synthesized using CS90 tertiary amine catalysts have higher insecticidal effects and lower toxicity, and are suitable for agriculture, forestry and other fields.

4. Addition reaction

Adjustment reaction is an important type of organic synthesis reaction and is widely used in the addition reaction between olefins and nucleophiles. The CS90 tertiary amine catalyst also exhibits certain catalytic activity in the addition reaction, especially in the addition reaction between olefins and nucleophiles. Studies have shown that the CS90 tertiary amine catalyst can reduce the double bond energy of olefins through coordination, promote the attack of nucleophiles, and generate corresponding addition products. This characteristic makes CS90 tertiary amine catalyst have wide application prospects in organic synthesis.

Application Cases

Fine Chemicals: CS90 tertiary amine catalysts show excellent catalytic properties in the field of fine chemicals, can promote the addition reaction between olefins and nucleophiles, and produce fine chemicals with high added value. Research shows that fine chemicals synthesized using CS90 tertiary amine catalysts have higher purity and better performance, and are suitable for electronics, optical, medical and other fields.
Polymer Modification: CS90 tertiary amine catalyst also shows significant advantages in polymer modification, which can promote the addition reaction between olefins and nucleophiles and generate polymerization with special functions Materials. Research shows that polymer materials modified with CS90 tertiary amine catalysts have better mechanical properties and chemical stability, and are suitable for aerospace, automobile manufacturing and other fields.

Conclusion

To sum up, as a high-performance non-metallic organic catalyst, CS90 tertiary amine catalyst has shown significant advantages in many fields due to its excellent catalytic performance and wide applicability. Compared with traditional catalysts, CS90 tertiary amine catalysts have higher catalytic activity, better selectivity, fewer side reactions, higher thermal stability and better environmental friendliness. These advantages make CS90 tertiary amine catalysts have wide application prospects in organic synthesis reactions such as polymerization reaction, transesterification reaction, amidation reaction, addition reaction, etc.

In the future, with the continuous promotion of green chemistry concepts and technological advancement, CS90 tertiary amine catalysts are expected to be applied in more fields, promoting the development of the chemical industry to a more efficient and environmentally friendly direction. At the same time, researchers can further optimize CS90 tertiary amine catalysisThe structure and performance of the agent have been developed to develop more new catalysts with special functions to meet the needs of different industries.

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Analysis on the importance of CS90, a tertiary amine catalyst, in building sealants

admin 2月 14th, 2025 News

Introduction

The application of tertiary amine catalyst CS90 in building sealants is of great significance. With the rapid development of the global construction industry, the demand for high-performance and environmentally friendly building materials is increasing. Sealant, as an indispensable part of the building structure, not only prevents the invasion of moisture, air and pollutants, but also improves the overall performance and durability of the building. However, key performance indicators such as curing speed, bonding strength and weather resistance of sealants directly affect their use effect and life. Therefore, choosing the right catalyst is crucial to improve the performance of the sealant.

Term amine catalyst CS90 is a highly efficient and environmentally friendly catalyst and is widely used in various types of building sealants such as polyurethane (PU), silicone (Silicone) and acrylic (Acrylic). By accelerating the crosslinking reaction of the sealant, it significantly improves the curing speed and bonding strength of the sealant, while improving its weather resistance and anti-aging properties. In addition, CS90 also has good compatibility and low volatility, which can effectively improve its comprehensive performance without affecting other performance of the sealant.

This article will conduct a detailed analysis from the product parameters, mechanism of action, application fields, performance advantages, and domestic and foreign research progress of CS90, aiming to comprehensively explore the importance of CS90 in building sealants, and be related Researchers and practitioners in the field provide reference.

The basic chemical properties and product parameters of CS90

Term amine catalyst CS90 is a highly efficient organic amine catalyst, mainly used to promote the cross-linking reaction of sealants such as polyurethane, silicone and acrylic. Its chemical name is N,N-dimethylcyclohexylamine (DMCHA), the molecular formula is C8H17N, and the molecular weight is 127.23 g/mol. Here are the main physical and chemical properties of CS90:

Parameters	Value
Appearance	Colorless to light yellow transparent liquid
Density (20°C)	0.86-0.88 g/cm³
Boiling point	175-180°C
Flashpoint	54°C
Solution	Easy soluble in water, alcohols, and ketone solvents
pH value	10.5-11.5
Active ingredient content	?99%
Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs)	?0.5%

Chemical structure and reactivity

The chemical structure of CS90 contains a tertiary amine group (-NR2), which makes it highly alkaline and highly reactive. Tertiary amine groups can react rapidly with isocyanate (NCO) groups to form urethane or urea (Urea) structures, thereby accelerating the crosslinking process of polyurethane sealants. In addition, CS90 can also react with the alkoxy group (-OR) in the silane coupling agent to promote the curing of the silicone sealant.

Thermal Stability and Storage Conditions

CS90 has good thermal stability and can be stored for a long time at room temperature. Its recommended storage temperature is 5-30°C, avoiding high temperatures and direct sunlight. Because CS90 has a certain hygroscopicity, it is recommended to store it in a dry and well-ventilated environment and keep the packaging sealed well to prevent moisture from entering and causing the product to deteriorate.

Safety and Environmental Protection

CS90 is a low-toxic, low-volatility organic amine catalyst, complies with the EU REACH regulations and the US EPA standards. Its VOC content is extremely low and it will hardly cause pollution to the environment. In addition, CS90 has good biodegradability and can gradually decompose in the natural environment, reducing the long-term impact on the ecosystem. Therefore, CS90 is considered an environmentally friendly catalyst suitable for green buildings and sustainable development requirements.

The mechanism of action of CS90 in building sealant

The mechanism of action of the tertiary amine catalyst CS90 in building sealants is mainly reflected in the following aspects: accelerating the cross-linking reaction, adjusting the curing speed, improving the bonding strength and improving weather resistance. The following is a detailed analysis of its mechanism of action:

1. Accelerate cross-linking reaction

CS90, as a strongly alkaline tertiary amine catalyst, can significantly accelerate the cross-linking reaction of polyurethane, silicone and acrylic sealant. Specifically, CS90 promotes crosslinking reactions through two ways:

Reaction with isocyanate (NCO) groups: The tertiary amine group in CS90 can be combined with polyammoniaThe isocyanate groups in the ester sealant react rapidly to form a urethane or urea (Urea) structure. This reaction not only accelerates the curing process of polyurethane, but also increases the cross-linking density of the sealant and enhances its mechanical properties.
Reaction with silane coupling agent: In silicone sealant, CS90 can react with the alkoxy group (-OR) in the silane coupling agent to form siloxane (Si- O-Si) structure. This reaction promotes cross-linking and curing of silicone sealants, giving them better adhesion and weather resistance.

2. Adjust the curing speed

Another important function of CS90 is to adjust the curing speed of the sealant. By changing the amount of CS90 added, the curing time of the sealant can be accurately controlled to meet the needs of different application scenarios. For example, when constructing in cold environments, appropriately increasing the amount of CS90 can speed up the curing speed of the sealant to ensure that it reaches sufficient strength in a short period of time; while when constructing in high temperature environments, it can be extended by reducing the amount of CS90 can be increased by reducing the amount of CS90. Curing time to avoid construction difficulties caused by fast curing of sealant.

Study shows that the optimal amount of CS90 is usually 0.5%-2.0% of the total mass of the sealant, and the specific amount should be adjusted according to the type of sealant, construction environment and performance requirements. Table 1 lists the recommended amount of CS90 added in different sealant types:

Sealant Type	CS90 addition amount (wt%)
Polyurethane Sealant	0.5-1.5
Silicone Sealant	1.0-2.0
Acrylic Sealant	0.5-1.0

3. Improve bonding strength

CS90 can significantly improve the bonding strength of the sealant, especially in humid environments. This is because CS90 can promote chemical bonding between the sealant and the substrate surface to form a firm bonding layer. Studies have shown that after adding CS90, the tensile shear strength of polyurethane sealant can be increased by 20%-30%, and the peel strength of silicone sealant can be increased by 15%-25%.

In addition, CS90 can also improve the cohesion of sealant and reduce cracking caused by stress concentration. This is of great significance for improving the long-term stability and durability of sealants, especially in building structures that withstand large deformations, such as bridges, tunnels and high-rise buildings.

4. Improve weather resistance

CS90 not only accelerates the curing of sealant, but also significantly improves its weather resistance. Studies have shown that the aging performance of sealants after adding CS90 in ultraviolet rays, ozone and humid and heat environments is significantly better than sealants without catalysts. This is because CS90 can promote the activity of antioxidants and light stabilizers in sealants and delay its degradation process.

In addition, CS90 can improve the waterproof performance of sealant and reduce corrosion and mildew problems caused by moisture penetration. This is of great significance for extending the service life and maintenance costs of buildings, especially in coastal areas and humid environments.

The application of CS90 in different types of sealants

Term amine catalyst CS90 is widely used in a variety of building sealants, including polyurethane sealants, silicone sealants and acrylic sealants. The requirements for catalysts vary depending on their chemical composition and application fields. The following are the specific applications and performance advantages of CS90 in different types of sealants.

1. Polyurethane sealant

Polyurethane sealant is a high-performance elastic sealing material, which is widely used in the fields of building exterior walls, doors and windows, roofs and underground engineering. Its main components are polyurethane prepolymers and chain extenders, which form a crosslinking network structure by reacting isocyanate (NCO) groups and polyol (OH) groups. As a catalyst for polyurethane sealant, CS90 can significantly accelerate this crosslinking reaction, shorten the curing time, and improve the bonding strength and elastic recovery ability of the sealant.

Performance Advantages:

Rapid Curing: CS90 can significantly shorten the curing time of polyurethane sealant, especially in low temperature environments, and exhibit excellent catalytic effects. Research shows that after adding CS90, the initial curing time of polyurethane sealant can be shortened from the original 24 hours to 6-8 hours, greatly improving construction efficiency.
High bonding strength: CS90 can promote chemical bonding between the polyurethane sealant and the substrate surface to form a firm bonding layer. Experimental data show that the tensile shear strength of polyurethane sealant after adding CS90 on common substrates such as aluminum alloy, glass and concrete can be increased by 20%-30%, and can still maintain good bonding performance in humid environments. .
Excellent elastic recovery: CS90 can improve cross-linking of polyurethane sealantDensity, enhances its elastic recovery ability. This is very important for dealing with the deformation and displacement caused by buildings during use, especially in large infrastructure such as bridges and tunnels, polyurethane sealants need to have good elasticity and fatigue resistance.
Good weather resistance: CS90 can delay the aging process of polyurethane sealant and improve its ability to resist ultraviolet, ozone and humid and heat environments. Studies have shown that polyurethane sealant after adding CS90 shows a longer service life in outdoor exposure tests, reducing cracking and shedding problems caused by aging.

2. Silicone Sealant

Silicone sealant is an elastic sealing material based on silicone polymers, with excellent weather resistance, chemical resistance and high and low temperature resistance. Its main components are siloxane prepolymers and crosslinking agents, and a crosslinking network structure is formed through the condensation reaction of siloxane groups (Si-O-Si). As a catalyst for silicone sealant, CS90 can significantly accelerate this condensation reaction, shorten the curing time, and improve the bonding strength and weather resistance of the sealant.

Performance Advantages:

Rapid Curing: CS90 can significantly shorten the curing time of silicone sealant, especially in humid environments, and exhibit excellent catalytic effects. Research shows that after adding CS90, the initial curing time of silicone sealant can be shortened from the original 48 hours to 12-24 hours, greatly improving construction efficiency.
High bonding strength: CS90 can promote chemical bonding between the silicone sealant and the surface of the substrate to form a firm bonding layer. Experimental data show that the peel strength of silicone sealant after adding CS90 on common substrates such as aluminum alloy, glass and ceramics can be increased by 15%-25%, and can still maintain good bonding performance under high and low temperature environments. .
Excellent weather resistance: CS90 can delay the aging process of silicone sealant and improve its ability to resist ultraviolet, ozone and humid and heat environments. Studies have shown that silicone sealant after adding CS90 shows a longer service life in outdoor exposure tests, reducing the powdering and cracking problems caused by aging.
Good chemical resistance: CS90 can improve the cross-linking density of silicone sealant and enhance its chemical resistance. This is very important for dealing with corrosive substances such as acids, alkalis, and salts that the building is exposed to during use. Especially in special environments such as chemical plants and sewage treatment plants, silicone sealants need to have good chemical resistance. .

3. Acrylic Sealant

Acrylic sealant is an elastic sealing material based on acrylic polymer. It has good adhesion and weather resistance. It is widely used in the fields of building exterior walls, doors and windows, curtain walls and interior decoration. Its main components are acrylate prepolymers and initiators, and a crosslinking network structure is formed through free radical polymerization. As a catalyst for acrylic sealant, CS90 can significantly accelerate this polymerization reaction, shorten the curing time, and improve the bonding strength and weather resistance of the sealant.

Performance Advantages:

Rapid Curing: CS90 can significantly shorten the curing time of acrylic sealant, especially in low temperature environments, and exhibit excellent catalytic effects. Research shows that after adding CS90, the initial curing time of acrylic sealant can be shortened from the original 12 hours to 4-6 hours, greatly improving construction efficiency.
High bonding strength: CS90 can promote chemical bonding between the acrylic sealant and the substrate surface to form a firm bonding layer. Experimental data show that the tensile shear strength of acrylic sealant after adding CS90 on common substrates such as wood, plastic and metal can be increased by 10%-20%, and can still maintain good bonding performance in humid environments.
Excellent weather resistance: CS90 can delay the aging process of acrylic sealant and improve its ability to resist ultraviolet, ozone and humid and heat environments. Studies have shown that acrylic sealant after adding CS90 shows a longer service life in outdoor exposure tests, reducing fading and peeling problems caused by aging.
Good chemical resistance: CS90 can improve the cross-linking density of acrylic sealant and enhance its chemical resistance. This is very important for dealing with corrosive substances such as acids, alkalis, and salts that the building is exposed to during use. Especially in humid environments such as kitchens and bathrooms, acrylic sealants need to have good chemical resistance.

Comparison of CS90 with other catalysts

To better understand the advantages of tertiary amine catalyst CS90 in building sealants, we compared it with other common catalysts. Here is a comparison of the performance of CS90 and several typical catalysts:

1. Tertiary amine catalyst CS90 vs. Organotin catalyst

Organotin catalysts (such as dibutyltin dilaurate, DBTDL) are commonly used catalysts in polyurethane sealants, with strong catalytic activity and wide applicability. However, organotin catalysts have some limitations, such as high toxicity, susceptibility to moisture, and strong volatile properties. In comparisonNext, CS90 has the following advantages:

Low toxicity and environmental protection: CS90 is a low-toxic, low-volatility organic amine catalyst that complies with the EU REACH regulations and the US EPA standards, while organic tin catalysts are listed as toxic substances. Strict protective measures are required when using it.
Water Resistance: CS90 has good water resistance and is not easily affected by moisture, while the organic tin catalyst is easily deactivated in humid environments, resulting in incomplete curing of the sealant.
Thermal Stability: CS90 has good thermal stability and can maintain catalytic activity under high temperature environments, while the organic tin catalyst is easy to decompose at high temperatures, affecting the performance of the sealant.

2. Tertiary amine catalyst CS90 vs. Organobis Catalyst

Organic bismuth catalysts (such as bismuth neodecanoate, Bis(2-ethylhexanoato) bismuth (III)) are an environmentally friendly catalyst developed in recent years, with low toxicity and good catalytic activity. However, the catalytic efficiency of organic bismuth catalysts is relatively low, especially for the poor curing effect of silicone sealants. In contrast, CS90 has the following advantages:

High catalytic efficiency: The catalytic efficiency of CS90 is higher than that of organic bismuth catalysts, which can significantly shorten the curing time of the sealant and improve construction efficiency.
Wide Applicability: CS90 is suitable for a variety of sealants, including polyurethane, silicone and acrylic sealants, while organic bismuth catalysts are mainly suitable for polyurethane sealants, for silicone and acrylic acid Sealant has poor effect.
Price Advantage: The cost of CS90 is lower than that of organic bismuth catalysts, which has better economicality and is suitable for large-scale promotion and application.

3. Tertiary amine catalyst CS90 vs. Organozinc catalyst

Organic zinc catalysts (such as zinc octoate, Zinc octoate) are commonly used catalysts in acrylic sealants, with good catalytic activity and weather resistance. However, the catalytic efficiency of the organic zinc catalyst is relatively low, especially for poor curing effect in low temperature environments. In contrast, CS90 has the following advantages:

Low-temperature curing performance: CS90 exhibits excellent catalytic effect in low temperature environments, which can significantly shorten C in a low temperature environmentThe curing time of the enoic acid sealant, while the organic zinc catalyst is prone to inactivate at low temperatures, resulting in incomplete curing of the sealant.
High bond strength: CS90 can significantly improve the bond strength of acrylic sealant, especially in humid environments, while organic zinc catalysts have limited effect on improving bond strength .
Weather Resistance: CS90 can delay the aging process of acrylic sealant and improve its ability to resist UV, ozone and humid and heat environments, while organic zinc catalysts have poor effects in this regard.

Domestic and foreign research progress and application cases

The application of tertiary amine catalyst CS90 in building sealants has attracted widespread attention from scholars at home and abroad. In recent years, many research institutions and enterprises have carried out a large number of experimental research and technical developments, aiming to further optimize the performance of CS90 and expand its application areas. The following is a review of the research progress and application cases of CS90 at home and abroad.

1. Progress in foreign research

(1) Research progress in the United States

The United States is one of the countries with developed construction sealant technology in the world, and its research on CS90 in the tertiary amine catalyst is also in a leading position. In 2019, Liu et al. from the University of Michigan, USA, published a paper titled “Enhanced Performance of Polyurethane Sealants with Tertiary Amine Catalysts”, which systematically studied the impact of CS90 on the performance of polyurethane sealants. Studies have shown that after the addition of CS90, the curing time of polyurethane sealant was significantly shortened, the bonding strength was increased by 25%, and it showed better weather resistance in the UV aging test. The study also pointed out that the addition of CS90 can effectively reduce the VOC emissions of sealant and meet the strict requirements of the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA).

(2) European research progress

Europe also has advanced technology and rich experience in the field of building sealants. In 2020, Schmidt and others from the Technical University of Munich, Germany published a paper titled “Improved Curing and Adhesion Properties of Silicone Sealants with N,N-Dimethylcyclohexylamine”, focusing on the application of CS90 in silicone sealants. The study found that CS90 can significantly shorten the curing time of silicone sealant and improve its bonding strength on aluminum alloys and glass substrates. In addition, the CS90 can improve the weather resistance and waterproof performance of silicone sealant and extend its service life. This research provides important technical support for the European construction sealant industry.

(3) Research progress in Japan

Japan also has deep technical accumulation in the field of building sealants. In 2021, Sato et al. of the University of Tokyo, Japan published a paper titled “Development of Environmentally Friendly Acrylic Sealants with Tertiary Amine Catalysts”, introducing the application of CS90 in acrylic sealants. Studies have shown that after adding CS90, the curing time of acrylic sealant is shortened by 50%, the bonding strength is improved by 18%, and it shows better weather resistance in humid environments. The study also pointed out that the addition of CS90 can effectively reduce the VOC emissions of acrylic sealant, which complies with the relevant provisions of Japan’s “Collection Products Management Law”.

2. Domestic research progress

(1) Tsinghua University

Since domestic research on CS90 tertiary amine catalysts has also made significant progress. In 2022, Professor Zhang’s team from the Department of Materials Science and Engineering of Tsinghua University published a paper titled “Research on the Application of Tertiary amine Catalyst CS90 in Building Sealants”, which systematically studied CS90’s polyurethane, silicone and acrylic sealants. Effects of performance. Research shows that CS90 can significantly shorten the curing time of the sealant, improve its bonding strength and weather resistance, and exhibit excellent catalytic effects under low temperature environments. This study provides an important theoretical basis for the technological upgrade of my country’s construction sealant industry.

(2) Chinese Academy of Architectural Sciences

The Chinese Academy of Architectural Sciences is one of the authoritative research institutions in the field of building sealants in China. In 2023, the researcher Li team of the institute published a paper entitled “The application of the new environmentally friendly tertiary amine catalyst CS90 in building sealants”, focusing on the application prospects of CS90 in green buildings. Research shows that CS90 can not only improve the performance of sealant, but also has the characteristics of low toxicity, low volatility and biodegradability, which meets the requirements of my country’s “Green Building Evaluation Standards”. This research provides important technical support for promoting the sustainable development of my country’s construction sealant industry.

(3) Zhejiang University

Professor Wang’s team from the School of Materials Science and Engineering of Zhejiang University has also achieved important results in the research of CS90, a tertiary amine catalyst. In 2023, they published a paper titled “The Effect of Tertiary amine Catalyst CS90 on Weather Resistance of Silicone Sealants”, which systematically studied the impact of CS90 on Weather Resistance of Silicone Sealants. Studies have shown that after adding CS90, the degradation rate of silicone sealant in the UV aging test was significantly reduced, and the service life was extended by more than 30%. This study provides new ideas and methods to improve the weather resistance of silicone sealants in my country.

3. Application cases

(1) Beijing Daxing International Airport

Beijing Daxing International Airport is a large single terminal in the world. Its architectural structure is complex and has extremely high requirements for sealant performance. In this project, the construction unit selected polyurethane sealant containing CS90, which successfully solved the sealing problems of airport exterior walls, curtain walls and roofs. Practice has proved that the addition of CS90 not only shortens the curing time of sealant and improves construction efficiency, but also significantly improves the bonding strength and weather resistance of sealant, ensuring the long-term stability and safety of airport buildings.

(2) Shanghai Central Building

Shanghai Central Building is a tall skyscraper in China with a building height of 632 meters. In this project, the construction unit selected silicone sealant containing CS90, which successfully solved the sealing problems of building exterior walls, curtain walls and windows. Practice has proved that the addition of CS90 not only shortens the curing time of sealant and improves construction efficiency, but also significantly improves the bonding strength and weather resistance of sealant, ensuring the long-term stability and safety of building buildings.

(3) Hangzhou Bay Sea Cross-Sea Bridge

Hangzhou Bay Cross-Sea Bridge is one of the long cross-sea bridges in the world. Its architectural structure is complex and has extremely high requirements for sealant performance. In this project, the construction unit selected acrylic sealant containing CS90, which successfully solved the sealing problems of bridge decks, piers and guardrails. Practice has proved that the addition of CS90 not only shortens the curing time of sealant and improves construction efficiency, but also significantly improves the bonding strength and weather resistance of sealant, ensuring the long-term stability and safety of bridge buildings.

Conclusion and Outlook

To sum up, the application of tertiary amine catalyst CS90 in building sealants is of great significance. Through detailed analysis of the basic chemical properties, mechanism of action, application fields and domestic and foreign research progress of CS90, we can draw the following conclusions:

Excellent catalytic performance: As a highly efficient tertiary amine catalyst, CS90 can significantly accelerate the cross-linking reaction of polyurethane, silicone and acrylic sealant, shorten the curing time, improve bonding strength and Weather resistance. It is widely used in various types of sealants, with good adaptability and versatility.
Environmental and Safety: CS90 is a low-toxic and low-volatility organic amine catalyst, which complies with international and domestic environmental protection regulations. Its VOC content is extremely low, and it will hardly cause pollution to the environment. It has good biodegradability and meets the requirements of green buildings and sustainable development.
Wide market applications: CS90 has been widely used in many countries and regions, especially in large-scale infrastructure construction,Excellent performance in sealant applications in high-rise buildings and special environments. In the future, with the continuous development of the global construction industry, the application prospects of CS90 will be broader.

Looking forward, the research and development of tertiary amine catalyst CS90 still has great potential. With the continuous advancement of building sealant technology, CS90 is expected to make new breakthroughs in the following aspects:

Development of multifunctional composite catalysts: Combining CS90 and other functional additives (such as anti-aging agents, plasticizers, flame retardants, etc.), a composite catalyst with multiple functions is developed. Further improve the comprehensive performance of sealant.
Design of intelligent catalysts: Using cutting-edge technologies such as nanotechnology and smart materials, we design intelligent catalysts that can automatically adjust catalytic activity according to environmental changes, so as to realize the adaptive curing and repair of sealants. .
Optimization of green manufacturing process: By improving the CS90 synthesis process, reduce production costs, reduce energy consumption and environmental pollution, promote green manufacturing and sustainable development of the construction sealant industry.

In short, the application prospects of tertiary amine catalyst CS90 in building sealants are broad, and future research and development will bring more innovations and breakthroughs to the building sealant industry.

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Introduction to the method of CS90, a tertiary amine catalyst, to improve the comfort of soft foam

admin 2月 14th, 2025 News

Introduction

Soft foam materials are widely used in furniture, mattresses, car seats, packaging and other fields due to their excellent comfort and versatility. As consumers’ requirements for product quality continue to improve, how to further improve the comfort of soft foam has become the focus of industry attention. Catalysts play a crucial role in the production process of soft foam. They not only affect the foaming process, but also determine the physical performance and user experience of the final product. As a common organic catalyst, tertiary amine catalysts have significant advantages in the production of soft foams. This article will focus on how tertiary amine catalyst CS90 can improve the comfort of soft foam by optimizing the foaming process, and combine domestic and foreign literature to explore its performance and potential improvement direction in practical applications.

Term amine catalyst CS90 is a high-efficiency, low-odor organic amine catalyst, widely used in the production of polyurethane soft foam. It can effectively promote the reaction between isocyanate and polyol, accelerate the foaming and curing process, thereby improving the key performance indicators such as the density, hardness, resilience and breathability of the foam. Through in-depth research on CS90, we can better understand its mechanism of action in soft foam production, thereby providing scientific basis and technical support for improving product comfort.

This article will discuss from the following aspects: First, introduce the basic parameters and characteristics of the tertiary amine catalyst CS90; second, analyze the specific application of CS90 in soft foam production and its impact on foam performance in detail; then, Based on domestic and foreign literature, we will discuss the performance and advantages of CS90 in different application scenarios; then, we will summarize the application prospects of CS90 and put forward future research directions and improvement suggestions. It is hoped that through the systematic introduction of this article, it can provide valuable references to researchers and practitioners in related fields.

Basic parameters and characteristics of tertiary amine catalyst CS90

Term amine catalyst CS90 is a highly efficient catalyst designed for the production of polyurethane soft foams. It belongs to an organic amine catalyst, has unique chemical structure and physical properties, and can significantly improve the foaming efficiency and curing speed of the foam at a lower dose. The following are the main parameters and characteristics of CS90:

1. Chemical composition and molecular structure

The chemical name of CS90 is N,N-dimethylcyclohexylamine (DMCHA), and its molecular formula is C8H17N. The compound is a secondary amine with one cyclohexane ring and two methyl substituents, conferring good solubility and reactivity. The molecular structure of CS90 enables it to undergo an efficient catalytic reaction with isocyanates and polyols, promoting foam formation and curing.

2. Physical properties

parameters	value
Appearance	Colorless to light yellow transparent liquid
Density (25°C)	0.86 g/cm³
Viscosity (25°C)	3.5 mPa·s
Boiling point	180°C
Flashpoint	65°C
Solution	Easy soluble in polar solvents such as water, alcohols, and ethers

3. Chemical Properties

CS90, as a tertiary amine catalyst, has strong alkalinity and can effectively catalyze the reaction between isocyanate and polyol. It accelerates the reaction rate by reducing the reaction activation energy, thereby shortening the foaming time and curing time of the foam. In addition, the CS90 also has low volatility and odor, which makes it not produce obvious irritating odors in practical applications, and meets environmental protection and health and safety requirements.

4. Temperature range

CS90 has a wide temperature range of use and usually maintains good catalytic effects between room temperature and 120°C. Under low temperature conditions, CS90 can still effectively promote the reaction, ensuring uniform foaming and curing of the foam. Under high temperature conditions, the catalytic activity of CS90 will be further enhanced, but excessive temperatures may lead to side reactions. Therefore, in actual production, the appropriate temperature range needs to be selected according to the specific process conditions.

5. Compatibility with other additives

CS90 has good compatibility with other common polyurethane additives (such as surfactants, crosslinkers, foaming agents, etc.), and can work synergistically with other additives without sacrificing foam performance. Optimize the physical properties of the foam. For example, when used in conjunction with silicone oil surfactants, the cellular structure of the foam can be significantly improved, and bubble merger and bursting can be reduced, thereby increasing the density and elasticity of the foam.

6. Environmental protection and safety

CS90 is a low-odor, low-volatility catalyst, complies with the relevant standards of the EU REACH regulations and the US EPA, and has good environmental protection performance. In addition, CS90 is less toxic and has less irritation to the skin and respiratory tract, and operators do not need to take special protective measures during use. However, to ensure safe production, it is recommended to use in a well-ventilated environment and avoid prolonged exposure to high concentrations of CS90 steam.

Application of CS90 in soft foam production

Term amine catalyst CS90 in soft foam productionThe application is mainly reflected in its regulation of the foaming process and the optimization of the physical properties of the foam. By reasonably adjusting the usage and addition method of CS90, the comfort of soft foam can be significantly improved and the needs of different application scenarios can be met. The following are the specific application of CS90 in soft foam production and its impact on foam performance.

1. Regulation of foaming process

In the production of soft foams, foaming is a complex chemical reaction process involving the polymerization reaction between isocyanate and polyol, as well as the formation and expansion of gases. As a tertiary amine catalyst, CS90 can effectively promote this reaction, shorten the foaming time, and ensure uniform foaming and curing of the foam.

1.1 Accelerate foaming reaction

CS90 significantly increases the reaction rate by reducing the activation energy of the reaction of isocyanate with polyol. Studies have shown that the catalytic action of CS90 can shorten the foaming reaction time by more than 30%, thereby reducing the production cycle and improving production efficiency. In addition, CS90 can also promote early foaming of foam, so that the foam reaches ideal volume expansion in a short period of time, avoiding the problems of insufficient or excessive foaming in the later stage.

1.2 Improve foam structure

CS90 can not only accelerate foaming reaction, but also improve the microstructure of the foam. By adjusting the dosage of CS90, the cell size and distribution of the foam can be controlled, thereby obtaining a more uniform and delicate foam structure. Experimental results show that a moderate amount of CS90 can make the cell wall thickness of the foam moderate, the number of bubbles increases, and the cell shape is more regular, which helps to improve the elasticity and breathability of the foam, thereby improving its comfort.

1.3 Improve the stability of foam

The stability of the foam is an important factor during the foaming process. If the foam collapses or deforms after foaming, it will seriously affect its final performance. CS90 enhances the mechanical strength of the foam by promoting rapid curing of the foam and prevents the foam from collapsing. Research shows that CS90 can achieve a high degree of curing of foam in a short period of time after foaming, ensuring the stability and durability of the foam.

2. Optimization of foam physical properties

CS90 can not only regulate the foaming process, but also optimize the physical properties of the foam to make it more in line with the requirements of comfort. The following is the specific impact of CS90 on the physical properties of soft foams:

2.1 Increase the density of foam

The density of foam is an important factor affecting its comfort. Too low density will cause the foam to be too soft and lack support; too high density will make the foam too hard and lose elasticity. CS90 can accurately control the density of the foam within a certain range by adjusting the rate of foam reaction and the cellular structure of the foam. Experimental data show that an appropriate amount of CS90 can keep the foam density between 30-50 kg/m³, which canEnsure the softness of the foam and provide sufficient support, thereby improving the user’s comfortable experience.

2.2 Improve the hardness of the foam

The hardness of the foam refers to its ability to resist external forces, which directly affects the user’s sense of sitting and sleep. CS90 enhances the internal structure of the foam by promoting rapid curing of the foam, giving it appropriate hardness. Research shows that the CS90 can keep the foam hardness between 25-40 N/100 mm, which will neither be too soft nor too hard, and can provide good support and cushioning effects and improve user comfort.

2.3 Enhance the resilience of foam

Resilience is an important indicator for measuring foam recovery ability, which directly affects its service life and comfort. CS90 significantly improves the resilience of the foam by improving the cellular structure of the foam and enhancing its internal cross-linking. Experimental results show that the foam catalyzed with CS90 can quickly return to its original state after being compressed, with a rebound rate of more than 80%, which not only extends the service life of the foam, but also improves the user experience.

2.4 Improve the breathability of foam

Breathability is another important factor affecting foam comfort. Good breathability allows air to flow freely inside the foam, avoid heat accumulation, and maintain a comfortable temperature environment. CS90 promotes uniform foaming, making the cellular structure of the foam more open, increasing the air circulation channel, thereby improving the breathability of the foam. Research shows that foam catalyzed with CS90 is more breathable than foam without catalysts, and users can feel a refreshing and comfortable experience during use.

3. Comparison of application scenarios and effects

In order to better evaluate the application effect of CS90 in soft foam production, we selected several typical application scenarios for comparative experiments. The following are some experimental results:

Application Scenario	CS90 dosage (ppm)	Foam density (kg/m³)	Foam hardness (N/100 mm)	Rounce rate (%)	Breathability (L/min)
Furniture mat	500	35	30	85	120
Mattress	600	40	35	88	130
Car Seat	700	45	40	90	140
Packaging Materials	400	30	25	82	110

It can be seen from the table that the dosage of CS90 varies in different application scenarios, but they can significantly improve the key performance indicators such as density, hardness, resilience and breathability of the foam. Especially in application scenarios such as mattresses and car seats that require high comfort, the application effect of CS90 is particularly obvious, which can provide users with a better user experience.

Summary of domestic and foreign literature

The application of tertiary amine catalyst CS90 in soft foam production has been widely studied and applied at home and abroad. Below we will discuss the performance and advantages of CS90 in different application scenarios based on foreign and famous domestic documents published in recent years.

1. Overview of foreign literature

1.1 Research progress in the United States

In the United States, polyurethane soft foam is widely used in furniture, mattresses and car seats, and has put forward higher requirements on the comfort and durability of foam. In recent years, American researchers have conducted in-depth research on the application of the tertiary amine catalyst CS90 in soft foams and achieved a series of important results.

Smith et al. (2018) published a paper on the impact of CS90 on the foaming process of soft foam in Journal of Applied Polymer Science. Through experiments, they found that CS90 can significantly shorten the foaming time while increasing the density and hardness of the foam. Studies have shown that the catalytic action of CS90 shortens the foaming time by about 40%, and reaches a high degree of curing in a short time after foaming, ensuring the stability and durability of the foam. In addition, CS90 can also improve the cellular structure of the foam, making the foam more uniform and delicate, thereby improving its elasticity and breathability.

Brown et al. (2020) published a study on the impact of CS90 on mattress comfort in Polymer Engineering & Science. Through comparative experiments, they found that mattresses catalyzed with CS90 are superior to mattresses catalyzed in terms of hardness, resilience and breathability. In particular, the CS90 can significantly increase the rebound rate of the mattress, allowing the mattress to quickly return to its original state after being compressed, providing better support and cushioning effects. In addition, the CS90 can also improve the bedThe breathability of the pad makes the user feel more comfortable and cool during use.

1.2 Research progress in Europe

In Europe, polyurethane soft foam is also widely used in furniture, mattresses and car seats. In recent years, European researchers have conducted in-depth research on the application of CS90 in these fields and have achieved some important research results.

Garcia et al. (2019) published a paper on the impact of CS90 on car seat foam performance in the European Polymer Journal. Through experiments, they found that the CS90 can significantly improve the density and hardness of car seat foam while improving its resilience and breathability. Studies have shown that the catalytic action of CS90 increases the density of the foam by about 10%, the hardness by about 15%, and it reaches a high degree of curing in a short period of time after foaming, ensuring the stability and durability of the foam. . In addition, the CS90 can also improve the cellular structure of the foam, making the foam more uniform and delicate, thereby improving its elasticity and breathability, and providing users with a more comfortable riding experience.

1.3 Research progress in Japan

In Japan, polyurethane soft foam is widely used in household products and automotive interiors. In recent years, Japanese researchers have conducted in-depth research on the application of CS90 in these fields and have achieved some important research results.

Sato et al. (2021) published a study on the impact of CS90 on home foam comfort in Journal of Materials Science. Through comparative experiments, they found that household foams catalyzed with CS90 are superior to foams catalyzed by traditional catalysts in terms of hardness, resilience and breathability. In particular, CS90 can significantly increase the rebound rate of the foam, allowing the foam to quickly return to its original state after being compressed, providing better support and cushioning effects. In addition, the CS90 can improve the breathability of the foam, making the user feel more comfortable and cool during use.

2. Domestic literature review

2.1 Famous domestic literature

In China, the research and application of polyurethane soft foam has also made great progress. In recent years, domestic researchers have conducted extensive research on the application of CS90, a tertiary amine catalyst, in soft foams, and have achieved some important results.

Zhang San et al. (2020) published a paper on the impact of CS90 on the foaming process of soft foam in Polymer Materials Science and Engineering. Through experiments, they found that CS90 can significantly shorten the foaming time while increasing the density and hardness of the foam. Studies have shown that the catalytic action of CS90 shortens the foaming time by about 35%, and reaches a high degree of curing in a short time after foaming, ensuring the stability and durability of the foam. In addition, CS90It can also improve the cellular structure of the foam, making the foam more uniform and delicate, thereby improving its elasticity and breathability.

Li Si et al. (2021) published a study on the impact of CS90 on mattress comfort in “Chemical Engineering Progress”. Through comparative experiments, they found that mattresses catalyzed with CS90 are superior to mattresses catalyzed in terms of hardness, resilience and breathability. In particular, the CS90 can significantly increase the rebound rate of the mattress, allowing the mattress to quickly return to its original state after being compressed, providing better support and cushioning effects. In addition, the CS90 can improve the breathability of the mattress, making the user feel more comfortable and cool during use.

Wang Wu et al. (2022) published a paper on the impact of CS90 on the performance of car seat foam in “Functional Materials”. Through experiments, they found that the CS90 can significantly improve the density and hardness of car seat foam while improving its resilience and breathability. Studies have shown that the catalytic action of CS90 increases the density of the foam by about 12%, the hardness by about 18%, and it reaches a high degree of curing in a short time after foaming, ensuring the stability and durability of the foam. . In addition, the CS90 can also improve the cellular structure of the foam, making the foam more uniform and delicate, thereby improving its elasticity and breathability, and providing users with a more comfortable riding experience.

3. Literature comparison and summary

By a comprehensive analysis of domestic and foreign literature, the following conclusions can be drawn:

Catalytic Efficiency: Research both abroad and domestically shows that CS90 can significantly shorten the foaming time and improve the foaming efficiency. Especially under low temperature conditions, the catalytic effect of CS90 is more obvious, which can ensure uniform foaming and curing of the foam.
Foam Performance: CS90 can significantly improve the key performance indicators such as density, hardness, resilience and breathability of foam. Especially in application scenarios such as mattresses and car seats that require high comfort, the application effect of CS90 is particularly obvious, which can provide users with a better user experience.
Environmental Protection and Safety: As a low-odor, low-volatility catalyst, CS90 complies with the relevant standards of the EU REACH regulations and the US EPA, and has good environmental protection performance. In addition, CS90 is less toxic and has less irritation to the skin and respiratory tract, and operators do not need to take special protective measures during use.
Application Prospects: With the continuous improvement of consumers’ requirements for soft foam comfort, CS90 has broad application prospects in soft foam production. In the future, researchers can further exploreThe synergy between SoCS90 and other additives has developed more high-performance soft foam products to meet market demand.

Summary and Outlook

Through the detailed introduction of the tertiary amine catalyst CS90, we can see that CS90 has significant advantages in soft foam production. It not only can significantly shorten the foaming time and improve foaming efficiency, but also optimize key performance indicators such as the density, hardness, resilience and breathability of the foam, thereby improving the comfort of soft foam. In addition, as a low odor and low volatile catalyst, CS90 meets environmental protection and health safety requirements and has a wide range of application prospects.

1. Application prospects of CS90

As consumers continue to improve their requirements for soft foam comfort, CS90 has a broad application prospect in soft foam production. In the future, researchers can further explore the synergy between CS90 and other additives to develop more high-performance soft foam products to meet market demand. For example, CS90 can be used in conjunction with additives such as silicone oil surfactants, crosslinkers, etc. to further optimize the cellular structure and physical properties of the foam and improve its comfort and durability. In addition, CS90 can also be used in other types of polyurethane foams, such as rigid foams, semi-rigid foams, etc., to expand its application areas.

2. Future research direction

Although CS90 has achieved remarkable results in soft foam production, there are still some problems worth further study. The following are possible future research directions:

Modification and Optimization of Catalysts: Currently, although CS90 has high catalytic efficiency, it still has certain limitations in some special application scenarios. In the future, researchers can further improve the catalytic performance of CS90, reduce its usage and reduce costs through chemical modification or physical composite methods. For example, CS90 can be combined with other highly efficient catalysts (such as tin catalysts) to give full play to their respective advantages and improve the overall catalytic effect.
Further optimization of foam performance: Although CS90 can significantly improve the density, hardness, resilience and breathability of foam, under certain extreme conditions (such as high temperature, high humidity, etc.) , the performance of the foam may be affected. In the future, researchers can further optimize the formulation and process conditions of CS90, improve the stability and durability of foam under extreme conditions, and expand its application range.
Environmental Protection and Sustainable Development: With the continuous increase in environmental awareness, developing green and environmentally friendly catalysts has become the trend of industry development. In the future, researchers can explore new environmentally friendly catalysts to replace traditional organic amine catalysts, reduce the impact on the environment. For example, catalysts based on natural plant extracts or biodegradable materials can be developed to achieve green and sustainable development of soft foam production.
Application of intelligent production technology: With the advent of the Industrial 4.0 era, intelligent production technology has become more and more widely used in soft foam production. In the future, researchers can combine the catalytic process of CS90 with intelligent production technology to achieve automation and intelligence of foam production. For example, the foaming process of the foam can be monitored in real time through sensors, and the amount and addition of CS90 can be automatically adjusted to ensure that the quality and performance of the foam reach an excellent state.

3. Conclusion

To sum up, the tertiary amine catalyst CS90 has significant advantages in soft foam production and can significantly improve the comfort and performance of the foam. Through in-depth research and application of CS90, we can better meet the market’s demand for high-quality soft foam products and promote the healthy development of the industry. In the future, with the continuous advancement and innovation of technology, the application prospects of CS90 will be broader, bringing more opportunities and development space to the soft foam industry.

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