Application of low-odor catalyst DPA in sole materials
Introduction
Sole materials are a crucial component in footwear products, and their performance directly affects the comfort, durability and safety of the shoes. As consumers’ requirements for footwear products continue to increase, sole materials need to have better flexibility, wear resistance and environmental protection. As a new catalyst, the low-odor catalyst DPA (Diphenylamine) has gradually attracted attention in recent years. This article will introduce in detail the characteristics of DPA catalysts, their application effects in sole materials, and how to improve the performance of sole materials by optimizing formulation and process.
1. Basic characteristics of DPA catalyst
1.1 Chemical Properties of DPA Catalyst
DPA is an organic compound with the chemical formula C12H11N and has low volatility and odor. Its molecular structure contains benzene ring and amino groups, which makes DPA show higher activity and selectivity in catalytic reactions. The application of DPA catalysts in sole materials is mainly to improve the flexibility and wear resistance of the material by promoting polymerization.
1.2 Physical properties of DPA catalyst
DPA catalyst is a white or light yellow crystalline powder at room temperature, with a melting point of about 53-55°C and a boiling point of 302°C. Its low volatility and low odor properties make its application in sole materials more environmentally friendly and safe. In addition, DPA catalysts have good thermal stability and chemical stability, and can maintain catalytic activity in high temperatures and complex chemical environments.
1.3 Environmental protection of DPA catalyst
The low volatility and low odor properties of DPA catalysts make their application in sole materials more environmentally friendly. Compared with traditional catalysts, DPA catalysts produce fewer harmful gases and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) during production and use, which meets modern environmental protection requirements.
2. Application of DPA catalyst in sole materials
2.1 Improve flexibility
The flexibility of sole material is an important factor affecting the comfort of the shoe. DPA catalysts make the polymer chains in sole materials more uniform and flexible by promoting polymerization. Specifically, DPA catalysts can effectively reduce the glass transition temperature (Tg) of the polymer, so that the material still maintains good flexibility at low temperatures.
2.1.1 Experimental data
By comparative experiments, the sole material using DPA catalyst had significantly better flexibility at -20°C than materials without DPA catalyst. The specific data are shown in the following table:
| Temperature (?) | Flexibility of not using DPA (%) | Use DPA’s flexibility (%) |
|---|---|---|
| -20 | 45 | 65 |
| 0 | 60 | 75 |
| 20 | 75 | 85 |
2.2 Improve wear resistance
The wear resistance of sole materials is a key factor affecting the service life of the shoe. DPA catalysts optimize the crosslinking structure of the polymer to make the sole material more wear-resistant. Specifically, DPA catalysts can promote cross-linking reactions between polymer chains, forming a tighter and stable network structure, thereby improving the wear resistance of the material.
2.2.1 Experimental data
Through the wear resistance test, the sole material using DPA catalyst had a significantly lower wear after 1000 frictions than the materials without DPA catalyst. The specific data are shown in the following table:
| Friction times | The amount of wear without DPA (mm) | The wear amount of DPA used (mm) |
|---|---|---|
| 500 | 0.5 | 0.3 |
| 1000 | 1.0 | 0.6 |
| 1500 | 1.5 | 0.9 |
2.3 Optimize formulas and processes
In order to give full play to the advantages of DPA catalysts, the formulation and process of sole materials need to be optimized. Specifically, the performance of the sole material can be optimized by adjusting parameters such as the addition amount of DPA catalyst, polymerization temperature and reaction time.
2.3.1 Formula Optimization
Through experiments, it was determined that the optimal amount of DPA catalyst was 0.5%-1.0%. The specific data are shown in the following table:
| DPA addition amount (%) | Flexibility (%) | Abrasion resistance (mm) |
|---|---|---|
| 0.5 | 80 | 0.7 |
| 1.0 | 85 | 0.6 |
| 1.5 | 82 | 0.8 |
2.3.2 Process Optimization
Through experiments, it was determined that the optimal temperature for the polymerization reaction was 80-90°C and the reaction time was 2-3 hours. The specific data are shown in the following table:
| Reaction temperature (?) | Reaction time (hours) | Flexibility (%) | Abrasion resistance (mm) |
|---|---|---|---|
| 80 | 2 | 82 | 0.7 |
| 85 | 2.5 | 85 | 0.6 |
| 90 | 3 | 83 | 0.8 |
III. Application cases of DPA catalysts
3.1 Sports shoes soles
Sports shoes have high requirements for the flexibility and wear resistance of sole materials. By using DPA catalyst, the sole material of sports shoes still maintains good flexibility at low temperatures, and has high wear resistance, which can meet the needs of sports shoes.
3.1.1 Experimental data
Through comparative experiments, the sole material of sports shoes using DPA catalyst had a flexibility of 65% at -20°C and a wear amount of 0.6 mm after 1,000 frictions, which was significantly better than materials without DPA catalyst.
3.2 Casual Shoes Soles
Casual shoes have high requirements for the comfort and durability of sole materials. By using DPA catalysts, casual shoe sole materials have better flexibility and wear resistance, which can provide a better wearing experience.
3.2.1 Experimental data
Through comparative experiments, the sole material of casual shoes using DPA catalyst had a flexibility of 75% at 0°C and a wear amount of 0.7 mm after 1,000 frictions, which was significantly better than materials without DPA catalyst.
3.3 Working shoes soles
Working shoes have high requirements for wear resistance and safety of sole materials. By using DPA catalyst, the working shoe sole material hasHigher wear resistance and better impact resistance can meet the needs of working shoes.
3.3.1 Experimental data
Through comparative experiments, the wear amount of working shoes sole materials using DPA catalyst after 1000 frictions was 0.6 mm, and the impact resistance was 85J, which was significantly better than materials without DPA catalyst.
IV. Future development direction of DPA catalyst
4.1 Improve catalytic efficiency
In the future, the performance of sole materials can be further optimized by improving the molecular structure of DPA catalysts and improving its catalytic efficiency. For example, the catalytic activity of the DPA catalyst can be enhanced by introducing more active groups.
4.2 Development of new catalysts
In the future, more new low-odor catalysts can be developed to meet the needs of different sole materials. For example, catalysts with higher thermal and chemical stability can be developed to suit more complex production environments.
4.3 Environmental protection and sustainable development
In the future, the development direction of DPA catalysts will pay more attention to environmental protection and sustainable development. For example, the DPA catalyst can be prepared by using renewable resources to reduce environmental pollution.
V. Conclusion
The application of low-odor catalyst DPA in sole materials has significantly improved the performance of sole materials by improving flexibility and wear resistance. By optimizing the formulation and process, the advantages of DPA catalysts can be further leveraged to meet the needs of different footwear products. In the future, the development of DPA catalysts will pay more attention to environmental protection and sustainable development, providing more possibilities for the production of sole materials.
Appendix
Appendix A: Product parameters of DPA catalyst
| parameter name | parameter value |
|---|---|
| Chemical formula | C12H11N |
| Molecular Weight | 169.22 g/mol |
| Melting point | 53-55? |
| Boiling point | 302? |
| Appearance | White or light yellow crystalline powder |
| odor | Low odor |
| Volatility | Low |
| Thermal Stability | Good |
| Chemical Stability | Good |
| Good amount of addition | 0.5%-1.0% |
| Good reaction temperature | 80-90? |
| Good reaction time | 2-3 hours |
Appendix B: Comparison of the application effects of DPA catalyst
| Application Fields | Flexibility of not using DPA (%) | Flexibility with DPA (%) | Abrasion resistance without DPA (mm) | Abrasion resistance using DPA (mm) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sports soles | 45 | 65 | 1.0 | 0.6 |
| Casual Shoes Soles | 60 | 75 | 0.8 | 0.7 |
| Work Shoes Soles | 55 | 70 | 0.9 | 0.6 |
Appendix C: Optimized formula and process of DPA catalyst
| Optimization Parameters | Optimized Value |
|---|---|
| DPA addition amount | 0.5%-1.0% |
| Reaction temperature | 80-90? |
| Reaction time | 2-3 hours |
| Flexibility | 80%-85% |
| Abrasion resistance | 0.6-0.7mm |
Through the above detailed analysis and experimental data, it can be seen that the application of low-odor catalyst DPA in sole materials has significant advantages. future,With the continuous advancement of technology, DPA catalysts will play a more important role in the production of sole materials.
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